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Wang C, Xu J, Luo S, Huang J, Ji D, Qiu X, Song X, Cao X, Niu C, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Chen J, Chen D, Zhong X, Wei Y. Parental Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Bisphenol-A Bis(diphenyl phosphate) Impairs Vascular Development in Offspring through DNA/RNA Methylation-Dependent Transmission. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16176-16189. [PMID: 37847870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) has been increasingly detected in indoor environmental and human samples. Little is known about its developmental toxicity, particularly the intergenerational effects of parental exposure. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to BDP at 30-30,000 ng/L for 28 days, with results showing that exposure did not cause a transfer of BDP or its metabolites to offspring. Vascular morphometric profiling revealed that parental exposure to BDP at 30 and 300 ng/L exerted significant effects on the vascular development of offspring, encompassing diverse alterations in multiple types of blood vessels. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing of larvae in the 300 ng/L group revealed 378 hypomethylated and 350 hypermethylated m6A peaks that were identified in mRNA transcripts of genes crucial for vascular development, including the Notch/Vegf signaling pathway. Concomitant changes in 5 methylcytosine (m5C) DNA methylation and gene expression of m6A modulators (alkbh5, kiaa1429, and ythdf1) were observed in both parental gonads and offspring exposed to BDP. These results reveal that parental exposure to low concentrations of BDP caused offspring vascular disorders by interfering with DNA and RNA methylation, uncovering a unique DNA-RNA modification pattern in the intergenerational transmission of BDP's developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jinkun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shili Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiajing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xuelin Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaolian Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Congying Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuyi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junzhou Chen
- School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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2
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Duarte Hospital C, Tête A, Debizet K, Imler J, Tomkiewicz-Raulet C, Blanc EB, Barouki R, Coumoul X, Bortoli S. SDHi fungicides: An example of mitotoxic pesticides targeting the succinate dehydrogenase complex. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108219. [PMID: 37778286 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHi) are fungicides used to control the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in crops. Their mode of action is based on blocking the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), a universal enzyme expressed by all species harboring mitochondria. The SDH is involved in two interconnected metabolic processes for energy production: the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the Krebs cycle. In humans, inherited SDH deficiencies may cause major pathologies including encephalopathies and cancers. The cellular and molecular mechanisms related to such genetic inactivation have been well described in neuroendocrine tumors, in which it induces an oxidative stress, a pseudohypoxic phenotype, a metabolic, epigenetic and transcriptomic remodeling, and alterations in the migration and invasion capacities of cancer cells, in connection with the accumulation of succinate, an oncometabolite, substrate of the SDH. We will discuss recent studies reporting toxic effects of SDHi in non-target organisms and their implications for risk assessment of pesticides. Recent data show that the SDH structure is highly conserved during evolution and that SDHi can inhibit SDH activity in mitochondria of non-target species, including humans. These observations suggest that SDHi are not specific inhibitors of fungal SDH. We hypothesize that SDHi could have toxic effects in other species, including humans. Moreover, the analysis of regulatory assessment reports shows that most SDHi induce tumors in animals without evidence of genotoxicity. Thus, these substances could have a non-genotoxic mechanism of carcinogenicity that still needs to be fully characterized and that could be related to SDH inhibition. The use of pesticides targeting mitochondrial enzymes encoded by tumor suppressor genes raises questions on the risk assessment framework of mitotoxic pesticides. The issue of SDHi fungicides is therefore a textbook case that highlights the urgent need for changes in regulatory assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Tête
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris
| | - Kloé Debizet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris
| | - Jules Imler
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris
| | | | - Etienne B Blanc
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris
| | - Robert Barouki
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris.
| | - Sylvie Bortoli
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 1124, T3S, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris.
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3
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Duttaroy AK. Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:4094. [PMID: 37836378 PMCID: PMC10574755 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and environmental factors such as microbiota, plastics, and endocrine disruptive chemicals impact fetal development [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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4
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Schmidhauser M, Hankele AK, Ulbrich SE. Reconsidering "low-dose"-Impacts of oral estrogen exposure during preimplantation embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:445-458. [PMID: 36864780 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of estrogen signaling during developmental stages of high plasticity may lead to adverse effects later in life. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by particularly mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens as functional agonists or antagonists. EDCs compose synthetic and naturally occurring compounds discharged into the environment, which may be taken up via skin contact, inhalation, orally due to contaminated food or water, or via the placenta during in utero development. Although estrogens are efficiently metabolized by the liver, the role of circulating glucuro- and/or sulpho-conjugated estrogen metabolites in the body has not been fully addressed to date. Particularly, the role of intracellular cleavage to free functional estrogens could explain the hitherto unknown mode of action of adverse effects of EDC at very low concentrations currently considered safe. We summarize and discuss findings on estrogenic EDC with a focus on early embryonic development to highlight the need for reconsidering low dose effects of EDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Schmidhauser
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
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Farag AA, Youssef HS, Sliem RE, El Gazzar WB, Nabil N, Mouktar MM, Marei YM, Ismail NS, Radwaan SE, Badr AM, Sayed AEDH. Hematological Consequences of Polyethylene Microplastics Toxicity in Male Rats: Oxidative stress, Genetic, and Epigenetic links. Toxicology 2023; 492:153545. [PMID: 37169321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is a newly emerging environmental issue. MPs can accumulate within animals and humans, which can pose a serious health threat. Petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) is one of the most popular plastics. Accordingly, its exposure rates have steadily increased over the years. This study aimed to analyze the effects of PE-MPs on the hematological system of albino rats and the epigenetic effect. Five groups of adult male eight-weeks-old rats received either distilled water, corn oil, 3.75mg/kg PE-MPs, 15mg/kg PE-MPs, or 60mg/kg of PE-MPs, daily by oral gavage for 35 days. PE-MPs significantly increased the body weights of the rats and lipid peroxidation, with concomitant reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and depletion of reduced glutathione, thus adversely affecting oxidants/antioxidants balance. Moreover, PE-MPs increased the % of abnormal RBCs, irregular cells, tear drop cells, Schistocyte cells, and folded cells. The genotoxic effects on DNA were evident by increased DNA damage, confirmed by the comet assay, in addition to increased DNA methylation. The effects of PE-MPs have been shown to be dose correlated. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of dose-related PE-MPs-induced hematological, genotoxic, and epigenetic effects in mammals, and thus emphasizes the potentially hazardous health effects of environmental PE-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Heba S Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Rania E Sliem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Nabil
- Department of community, Environmental and occupational medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Maha M Mouktar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Marei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Nesma S Ismail
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa E Radwaan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, 13518, Egypt
| | - Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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6
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Desaulniers D, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Meier MJ, Pickles JC, Yauk CL. DNA methylation changes from primary cultures through senescence-bypass in Syrian hamster fetal cells initially exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicology 2023; 487:153451. [PMID: 36754249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Current chemical testing strategies are limited in their ability to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxC). Epigenetic anomalies develop during carcinogenesis regardless of whether the molecular initiating event is associated with genotoxic (GTxC) or NGTxC events; therefore, epigenetic markers may be harnessed to develop new approach methodologies that improve the detection of both types of carcinogens. This study used Syrian hamster fetal cells to establish the chronology of carcinogen-induced DNA methylation changes from primary cells until senescence-bypass as an essential carcinogenic step. Cells exposed to solvent control for 7 days were compared to naïve primary cultures, to cells exposed for 7 days to benzo[a]pyrene, and to cells at the subsequent transformation stages: normal colonies, morphologically transformed colonies, senescence, senescence-bypass, and sustained proliferation in vitro. DNA methylation changes identified by reduced representation bisulphite sequencing were minimal at day-7. Profound DNA methylation changes arose during cellular senescence and some of these early differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were preserved through the final sustained proliferation stage. A set of these DMRs (e.g., Pou4f1, Aifm3, B3galnt2, Bhlhe22, Gja8, Klf17, and L1l) were validated by pyrosequencing and their reproducibility was confirmed across multiple clones obtained from a different laboratory. These DNA methylation changes could serve as biomarkers to enhance objectivity and mechanistic understanding of cell transformation and could be used to predict senescence-bypass and chemical carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Karen Leingartner
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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7
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Ahn C, Jeung EB. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disease Endpoints. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065342. [PMID: 36982431 PMCID: PMC10049097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have significant impacts on biological systems, and have been shown to interfere with physiological systems, especially by disrupting the hormone balance. During the last few decades, EDCs have been shown to affect reproductive, neurological, and metabolic development and function and even stimulate tumor growth. EDC exposure during development can disrupt normal development patterns and alter susceptibility to disease. Many chemicals have endocrine-disrupting properties, including bisphenol A, organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, alkylphenols, and phthalates. These compounds have gradually been elucidated as risk factors for many diseases, such as reproductive, neural, and metabolic diseases and cancers. Endocrine disruption has been spread to wildlife and species that are connected to the food chains. Dietary uptake represents an important source of EDC exposure. Although EDCs represent a significant public health concern, the relationship and specific mechanism between EDCs and diseases remain unclear. This review focuses on the disease-EDC relationship and the disease endpoints associated with endocrine disruption for a better understanding of the relationship between EDCs-disease and elucidates the development of new prevention/treatment opportunities and screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-043-261-2397; Fax: +82-43-267-3150
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Bloom MS, Varde M, Newman RB. Environmental toxicants and placental function. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 85:105-120. [PMID: 36274037 PMCID: PMC11184919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary endocrine organ that facilitates gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between maternal and fetal compartments, partially shielding the fetus from potentially hazardous environmental toxicants. However, rather than being "opaque", the placenta is translucent or even transparent to some potential fetal developmental hazards, including toxic trace elements (TEs), perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and environmental phenols (EPs) to which women with pregnancy are frequently exposed. These agents are both passively and actively transferred to the fetal compartment, where endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes may occur. These pathologies may directly impact the fetus or deposit and accumulate in the placenta to indirectly impact fetal development. Thus, it is critical for clinicians to understand the potential placental toxicity and transfer of widely distributed environmental agents ubiquitous during pregnancy. With such knowledge, targeted interventions and clinical recommendations can be developed to limit those risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Meghana Varde
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, 4400 University Dr., MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Rm 634, Clinical Science Bldg., 96 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Verdikt R, Armstrong AA, Allard P. Transgenerational inheritance and its modulation by environmental cues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:31-76. [PMID: 36707214 PMCID: PMC9940302 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome plays an important role in shaping phenotypes. However, whether the environment can alter an organism's phenotype across several generations through epigenetic remodeling in the germline is still a highly debated topic. In this chapter, we briefly review the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance and their connection with germline development before highlighting specific developmental windows of susceptibility to environmental cues. We further discuss the evidence of transgenerational inheritance to a range of different environmental cues, both epidemiological in humans and experimental in rodent models. Doing so, we pinpoint the current challenges in demonstrating transgenerational inheritance to environmental cues and offer insight in how recent technological advances may help deciphering the epigenetic mechanisms at play. Together, we draw a detailed picture of how our environment can influence our epigenomes, ultimately reshaping our phenotypes, in an extended theory of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Verdikt
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Abigail A Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Allard
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Nyadanu SD, Dunne J, Tessema GA, Mullins B, Kumi-Boateng B, Lee Bell M, Duko B, Pereira G. Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: An umbrella review of 36 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119465. [PMID: 35569625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses linked prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants to adverse birth outcomes with mixed findings, including results indicating positive, negative, and null associations across the pregnancy periods. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise systematic reviews and meta-analyses on air pollutants and birth outcomes to assess the overall epidemiological evidence. Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses on the association between air pollutants (NO2, CO, O3, SO2, PM2.5, and PM10) and birth outcomes (preterm birth; stillbirth; spontaneous abortion; birth weight; low birth weight, LBW; small-for-gestational-age) up to March 30, 2022 were included. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection, systematic reviews repositories, grey literature databases, internet search engines, and references of included studies. The consistency in the directions of the effect estimates was classified as more consistent positive or negative, less consistent positive or negative, unclear, and consistently null. Next, the confidence in the direction was rated as either convincing, probable, limited-suggestive, or limited non-conclusive evidence. Final synthesis included 36 systematic reviews (21 with and 15 without meta-analyses) that contained 295 distinct primary studies. PM2.5 showed more consistent positive associations than other pollutants. The positive exposure-outcome associations based on the entire pregnancy period were more consistent than trimester-specific exposure averages. For whole pregnancy exposure, a more consistent positive association was found for PM2.5 and birth weight reductions, particulate matter and spontaneous abortion, and SO2 and LBW. Other exposure-outcome associations mostly showed less consistent positive associations and few unclear directions of associations. Almost all associations showed probable evidence. The available evidence indicates plausible causal effects of criteria air pollutants on birth outcomes. To strengthen the evidence, more high-quality studies are required, particularly from understudied settings, such as low-and-middle-income countries. However, the current evidence may warrant the adoption of the precautionary principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Education, Culture, and Health Opportunities (ECHO) Ghana, ECHO Research Group International, P. O. Box 424, Aflao, Ghana.
| | - Jennifer Dunne
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben Mullins
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Bernard Kumi-Boateng
- Department of Geomatic Engineering, University of Mines and Technology, P. O. Box 237, Tarkwa, Ghana
| | - Michelle Lee Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0473, Oslo, Norway; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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11
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Le Goff A, Louvel S, Boullier H, Allard P. Toxicoepigenetics for Risk Assessment: Bridging the Gap Between Basic and Regulatory Science. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221113149. [PMID: 35860623 PMCID: PMC9290111 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicoepigenetics examines the health effects of environmental exposure associated with, or mediated by, changes in the epigenome. Despite high expectations, toxicoepigenomic data and methods have yet to become significantly utilized in chemical risk assessment. This article draws on a social science framework to highlight hitherto overlooked structural barriers to the incorporation of toxicoepigenetics in risk assessment and to propose ways forward. The present barriers stem not only from the lack of maturity of the field but also from differences in constraints and standards between the data produced by toxicoepigenetics and the regulatory science data that risk assessment processes require. Criteria and strategies that frame the validation of knowledge used for regulatory purposes limit the application of basic research in toxicoepigenetics toward risk assessment. First, the need in regulatory toxicology for standardized methods that form a consensus between regulatory agencies, basic research, and the industry conflicts with the wealth of heterogeneous data in toxicoepigenetics. Second, molecular epigenetic data do not readily translate into typical toxicological endpoints. Third, toxicoepigenetics investigates new forms of toxicity, in particular low-dose and long-term effects, that do not align well with the traditional framework of regulatory toxicology. We propose that increasing the usefulness of epigenetic data for risk assessment will require deliberate efforts on the part of the toxicoepigenetics community in 4 areas: fostering the understanding of epigenetics among risk assessors, developing knowledge infrastructure to demonstrate applicability, facilitating the normalization and exchange of data, and opening the field to other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Le Goff
- The Institute for Society and Genetics and The EpiCenter, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Séverine Louvel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Sciences Po Grenoble, PACTE, Grenoble, France and Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Henri Boullier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRISSO, Université Paris-Dauphine-PSL, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Allard
- The Institute for Society and Genetics and The EpiCenter, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Ghazimoradi MM, Ghorbani MH, Ebadian E, Hassani A, Mirzababaei S, Hodjat M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Abdollahi M. Epigenetic effects of graphene oxide and its derivatives: A mini-review. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503483. [PMID: 35649677 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), an engineered nanomaterial, has a two-dimensional structure with carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal array. While it has been widely used in many industries, such as biomedicine, electronics, and biosensors, there are still concerns over its safety. Recently, many studies have focused on the potential toxicity of GO. Epigenetic toxicity is an important aspect of a material's toxicological profile, since changes in gene expression have been associated with carcinogenicity and disease progression. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic alterations caused by GO, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and altered expression of non-coding RNAs. GO can affect DNA methyltransferase activity and disrupt the methylation of cytosine bases in DNA strands, leading to alteration of genome expression. Modulation of histones by GO, targeting histone deacetylase and demethylase, as well as dysregulation of miRNA and lncRNA expression have been reported. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms of GO-induced epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Ghazimoradi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ebadian
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Mirzababaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Xu Y, Gu C, Wu L, Ye F, Li W, Li H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhang J. Intrauterine exposure of mice to arsenite induces abnormal and transgenerational glycometabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133757. [PMID: 35090851 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse, transgenerational effects on health caused by environmental pollutants are receiving increasing attention. For humans and mice, inorganic arsenic (iAs), a widespread environmental contaminant, is associated with diabetic phenotypes. However, the transgenerational effects of arsenite-induced changes in glucose metabolism in mice have not been fully investigated. In the present study, F0 pregnant mice were exposed to arsenite via drinking water (0, 0.5, 5, or 50 ppm NaAsO2) from gestational day 0 (GD0) until parturition. We examined the effects of arsenite exposure on the metabolic phenotypes and the levels of proteins and genes related to glucose metabolism of dams and their offspring (F1∼F4). Arsenite exposure altered the glucose tolerance of offspring. Notably, glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1), which are related to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, were also changed. The homeostasis assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), an indicator of insulin resistance, was higher in the offspring from the F0 female mice exposed to arsenite. Furthermore, imprinted genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1), related to glycometabolism across multiple generations, were lower in the offspring. In sum, arsenite exposure during pregnancy transgenerationally affects glucose metabolism, which is related to altered levels of IGF2 and KCNQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Gu
- Wuxi Binhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214026, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Ye
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Auroy L, Louvel S. [Epigenetics and oncology: Two faces of the personalization of medicine]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:296-302. [PMID: 35333168 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we outline the two dominant concepts of personalized medicine put forward by epigenetics in the field of oncology. First, knowledge on the molecular processes involved in tumor progression contributes to molecularize medicine, extending genomic medicine. Then, the identification of epigenetic mechanisms underlying the environmental causes of cancers brings scientific legitimacy to products and services whose advertising promotes the ability of each person to protect herself from cancer by adapting her lifestyle. Lastly, we argue that research in environmental epigenetics could open a new route for personalized medicine in oncology, where epigenetics contributes to an individualized assessment of patients' life paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Auroy
- Laboratoire PACTE de sciences sociales, UMR CNRS 5194, Université Grenoble Alpes, Sciences Po Grenoble, 1030 avenue centrale, Domaine universitaire, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Séverine Louvel
- Laboratoire PACTE de sciences sociales, UMR CNRS 5194, Université Grenoble Alpes, Sciences Po Grenoble, 1030 avenue centrale, Domaine universitaire, 38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
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15
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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16
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Császár N, Scholkmann F, Bókkon I. Implications on hypnotherapy: Neuroplasticity, epigenetics and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:755-764. [PMID: 34619172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief review about the significance of hypnosis with respect to applications and physiological processes in hypnotherapy. Our review concludes that hypnosis is a promising method to manage acute and chronic pain. In addition, we discuss indications pointing toward the view that hypnosis can induce changes in neuroplasticity possibly involving epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Császár
- National University of Public Services, Budapest, Hungary; Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - F Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - I Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary; Vision Research Institute, Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Lowell, MA, USA.
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17
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Ideta-Otsuka M, Miyai M, Yamamoto N, Tsuchimoto A, Tamura H, Tanemura K, Shibutani M, Igarashi K. Development of a new in vitro assay system for evaluating the effects of chemicals on DNA methylation. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:83-90. [PMID: 33536392 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic toxicity, a phenomenon in which chemicals exert epigenetic effects and produce toxicity, has been attracting attention in recent years due to advances in toxicology accompanying the development of life sciences. However, it has been difficult to identify epigenetic toxicants due to the lack of a simple experimental system to evaluate epigenetic toxicity. In this study, we developed a prototype of an in vitro reporter assay system for assessing the effects of chemicals on DNA methylation using two promoters showing different degrees of DNA methylation, Agouti IAP and Daz1 promoters, and a luciferase reporter. The system successfully detected DNA demethylating activity using 5-azacytidine, a chemical having DNA demethylation activity, as a positive control chemical, and demethylation of cytosine of CpG in the promoter was confirmed by pyrosequencing analysis. Next, in order to improve the detection sensitivity of the DNA demethylating activity of this system, we tried to increase the basal level of methylation of the Daz1 promoter by pre-methylase treatment of the reporter vectors. As a result, the detection sensitivity of the system was successfully improved in cells where the basal level of methylation was indeed increased by methylase treatment. Thus, the developed assay system here is effective for the simple evaluation of chemicals that affect DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maky Ideta-Otsuka
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Misato Miyai
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.,Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Ayaka Tsuchimoto
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Hideki Tamura
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University.,Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University
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18
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Maksimova V, Shalginskikh N, Vlasova O, Usalka O, Beizer A, Bugaeva P, Fedorov D, Lizogub O, Lesovaya E, Katz R, Belitsky G, Kirsanov K, Yakubovskaya M. HeLa TI cell-based assay as a new approach to screen for chemicals able to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252504. [PMID: 34115770 PMCID: PMC8195432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals reactivating epigenetically silenced genes target diverse classes of enzymes, including DNMTs, HDACs, HMTs and BET protein family members. They can strongly influence the expression of genes and endogenous retroviral elements with concomitant dsRNA synthesis and massive transcription of LTRs. Chemicals reactivating gene expression may cause both beneficial effects in cancer cells and may be hazardous by promoting carcinogenesis. Among chemicals used in medicine and commerce, only a small fraction has been studied with respect to their influence on epigenetic silencing. Screening of chemicals reactivating silent genes requires adequate systems mimicking whole-genome processes. We used a HeLa TSA-inducible cell population (HeLa TI cells) obtained by retroviral infection of a GFP-containing vector followed by several rounds of cell sorting for screening purposes. Previously, the details of GFP epigenetic silencing in HeLa TI cells were thoroughly described. Herein, we show that the epigenetically repressed gene GFP is reactivated by 15 agents, including HDAC inhibitors–vorinostat, sodium butyrate, valproic acid, depsipeptide, pomiferin, and entinostat; DNMT inhibitors–decitabine, 5-azacytidine, RG108; HMT inhibitors–UNC0638, BIX01294, DZNep; a chromatin remodeler–curaxin CBL0137; and BET inhibitors–JQ-1 and JQ-35. We demonstrate that combinations of epigenetic modulators caused a significant increase in cell number with reactivated GFP compared to the individual effects of each agent. HeLa TI cells are competent to metabolize xenobiotics and possess constitutively expressed and inducible cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. Thus, HeLa TI cells may be used as an adequate test system for the extensive screening of chemicals, including those that must be metabolically activated. Studying the additional metabolic activation of xenobiotics, we surprisingly found that the rat liver S9 fraction, which has been widely used for xenobiotic activation in genotoxicity tests, reactivated epigenetically silenced genes. Applying the HeLa TI system, we show that N-nitrosodiphenylamine and N-nitrosodimethylamine reactivate epigenetically silenced genes, probably by affecting DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalya Shalginskikh
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Olga Vlasova
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Usalka
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- International School "Medicine of the Future", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Beizer
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bugaeva
- Department of Translational Neurobiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Fedorov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Urology, A.V. Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Lizogub
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- International School "Medicine of the Future", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lesovaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - Richard Katz
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of General and Medical Practice, Medical Institute, The Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marianna Yakubovskaya
- Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Singh VK, Pal R, Srivastava P, Misra G, Shukla Y, Sharma PK. Exposure of androgen mimicking environmental chemicals enhances proliferation of prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells by inducing AR expression and epigenetic modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116397. [PMID: 33433340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is highly suspected in prostate carcinogenesis. Though, estrogenicity is the most studied behavior of EDCs, the androgenic potential of most of the EDCs remains elusive. This study investigates the androgen mimicking potential of some common EDCs and their effect in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells. Based on the In silico interaction study, all the 8 EDCs tested were found to interact with androgen receptor with different binding energies. Further, the luciferase reporter activity confirmed the androgen mimicking potential of 4 EDCs namely benzo[a]pyrene, dichlorvos, genistein and β-endosulfan. Whereas, aldrin, malathion, tebuconazole and DDT were reported as antiandrogenic in luciferase reporter activity assay. Next, the nanomolar concentration of androgen mimicking EDCs (benzo[a]pyrene, dichlorvos, genistein and β-endosulfan) significantly enhanced the expression of AR protein and subsequent nuclear translocation in LNCaP cells. Our In silico studies further demonstrated that androgenic EDCs also bind with epigenetic regulatory enzymes namely DNMT1 and HDAC1. Moreover, exposure to these EDCs enhanced the protein expression of DNMT1 and HDAC1 in LNCaP cells. These observations suggest that EDCs may regulate proliferation in androgen sensitive LNCaP cells by acting as androgen mimicking ligands for AR signaling as well as by regulating epigenetic machinery. Both androgenic potential and epigenetic modulatory effects of EDCs may underlie the development and growth of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipendra Kumar Singh
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajesh Pal
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Priyansh Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gauri Misra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Yogeshwer Shukla
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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20
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Cediel Ulloa A, Gliga A, Love TM, Pineda D, Mruzek DW, Watson GE, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, Strain JJ, Myers GJ, van Wijngaarden E, Ruegg J, Broberg K. Prenatal methylmercury exposure and DNA methylation in seven-year-old children in the Seychelles Child Development Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106321. [PMID: 33340986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmercury (MeHg) is present in fish and is a neurotoxicant at sufficiently high levels. One potential mechanism of MeHg toxicity early in life is epigenetic dysregulation that may affect long-term neurodevelopment. Altered DNA methylation of nervous system-related genes has been associated with adult mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and DNA methylation (at the cytosine of CG dinucleotides, CpGs) in three nervous system-related genes, encoding brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), glutamate receptor subunit NR2B (GRIN2B), and the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), in children who were exposed to MeHg in utero. METHODS We tested 406 seven-year-old Seychellois children participating in the Seychelles Child Development Study (Nutrition Cohort 2), who were prenatally exposed to MeHg from maternal fish consumption. Total mercury in maternal hair (prenatal MeHg exposure measure) collected during pregnancy was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Methylation in DNA from the children's saliva was measured by pyrosequencing. To assess associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and CpG methylation at seven years of age, we used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates. RESULTS We identified associations with prenatal MeHg exposure for DNA methylation of one GRIN2B CpG and two NR3C1 CpGs out of 12 total CpG sites. Higher prenatal MeHg was associated with higher methylation for each CpG site. For example, NR3C1 CpG3 had an expected increase of 0.03-fold for each additional 1 ppm of prenatal MeHg (B = 0.030, 95% CI 0.001, 0.059; p = 0.047). Several CpG sites associated with MeHg are located in transcription factor binding sites and the observed methylation changes are predicted to lead to lower gene expression. CONCLUSIONS In a population of people who consume large amounts of fish, we showed that higher prenatal MeHg exposure was associated with differential DNA methylation at seven years of age at specific CpG sites that may influence neurodevelopment and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cediel Ulloa
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anda Gliga
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanzy M Love
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel W Mruzek
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gene E Watson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Philip W Davidson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland Bt52 1SA, UK
| | - Gary J Myers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joelle Ruegg
- Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 8, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Alves N, Neuparth T, Barros S, Santos MM. The anti-lipidemic drug simvastatin modifies epigenetic biomarkers in the amphipod Gammarus locusta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111849. [PMID: 33387775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of certain environmental chemicals have been recently associated with the modulation of the epigenome. Although changes in the epigenetic signature have yet to be integrated into hazard and risk assessment, they are interesting candidates to link environmental exposures and altered phenotypes, since these changes may be passed across multiple non-exposed generations. Here, we addressed the effects of simvastatin (SIM), one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world, on epigenetic regulation using the amphipod Gammarus locusta as a proxy, to support its integration into hazard and environmental risk assessment. SIM is a known modulator of the epigenome in mammalian cell lines and has been reported to impact G. locusta ecological endpoints at environmentally relevant levels. G. locusta juveniles were exposed to three SIM environmentally relevant concentrations (0.32, 1.6 and 8 µg L-1) for 15 days. Gene transcription levels of selected epigenetic regulators, i.e., dnmt1, dmap1, usp7, kat5 and uhrf1 were assessed, along with the quantification of DNA methylation levels and evaluation of key ecological endpoints: survival and growth. Exposure to 0.32 and 8 µg L-1 SIM induced significant downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1), concomitant with global DNA hypomethylation and growth impacts. Overall, this work is the first to validate the basal expression of key epigenetic regulators in a keystone marine crustacean, supporting the integration of epigenetic biomarkers into hazard assessment frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Susana Barros
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Kong FC, Ma CL, Zhong MK. Epigenetic Effects Mediated by Antiepileptic Drugs and their Potential Application. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:153-166. [PMID: 31660836 PMCID: PMC7324883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191010094849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An epigenetic effect mainly refers to a heritable modulation in gene expression in the short term but does not involve alterations in the DNA itself. Epigenetic molecular mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, and untranslated RNA regulation. Antiepileptic drugs have drawn attention to biological and translational medicine because their impact on epigenetic mechanisms will lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and possible therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of various diseases ranging from neuropsychological disorders to cancers and other chronic conditions. However, these transcriptional and posttranscriptional alterations can also result in adverse reactions and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in this review, we focus on recent findings showing epigenetic processes mediated by antiepileptic drugs to elucidate their application in medical experiments and shed light on epigenetic research for medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Cheng Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lai Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Kang Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Alam MN, Shapla UM, Shen H, Huang Q. Linking emerging contaminants exposure to adverse health effects: Crosstalk between epigenome and environment. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:878-897. [PMID: 33113590 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic findings shed new light on the roles of epigenetic regulations in environmental exposure-induced toxicities or disease susceptibilities. Currently, environmental emerging contaminants (ECs) are in focus for further investigation due to the evidence of human exposure in addition to their environmental occurrences. However, the adverse effects of these environmental ECs on health through epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly addressed in many aspects. This review discusses the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expressions) linking ECs exposure to health outcomes. We emphasized on the recent literature describing how ECs can dysregulate epigenetic mechanisms and lead to downstream health outcomes. These up-to-date research outputs could provide novel insights into the toxicological mechanisms of ECs. However, the field still faces a demand for further studies on the broad spectrum of health effects, synergistic/antagonistic effects, transgenerational epigenetic effects, and epidemiologic and demographic data of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nur Alam
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ummay Mahfuza Shapla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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Fan X, Hou T, Guan Y, Li X, Zhang S, Wang Z. Genomic responses of DNA methylation and transcript profiles in zebrafish cells upon nutrient deprivation stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137980. [PMID: 32208287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress such as nutrient deprivation across multiple fields in nature causes physiological and biochemical changes in organism. Understanding the potential epigenetic modulations to phenotypic variation upon nutrient deprivation stress is crucial for environmental assessments. Here, the methyl-cytosine at single-base resolution was mapped across the whole genome and the methylation patterns and methylation levels coordinated with transcript analysis were systemically elaborated in zebrafish embryonic fibroblast cells under serum starvation stress. The down-regulated genes mainly annotated to the pathways of DNA replication and cell cycle that were consistent with cell physiological changes. Vast differentially methylated regions were identified in genomic chromosome and showed enrichment in the intron and intergenic regions. In an integrated transcriptome and DNA methylation analyses, 135 negatively correlated genes were determined, wherein the hub genes of gins2, cdca5, fbxo5, slc29a2, suv39h1b, and zgc:174160 were predominant responsive to the nutrient condition changes. Besides, nutrient recovery and DNA methyltransferases inhibitor supplements partly rescued cell proliferation with decrease of DNA methylation and reactivation of several depressed genes, implying the possible intrinsic relationships among cell physiological state, mRNA expression, and DNA methylation. Collectively, current study proved the broad role of DNA methylation in governing cellular responses to nutrient deprivation and revealed the epigenetic risk of starvation stress in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongjing Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Wang X, Liu Y, Sun H, Ge A, Li D, Fu J, Li Y, Pang D, Zhao Y. DNA Methylation in RARβ Gene as a Mediator of the Association Between Healthy Lifestyle and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4677-4684. [PMID: 32606959 PMCID: PMC7308131 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s244606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lifestyle factors and methylation in the retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) gene are associated with breast cancer (BC). This study aims to examine the mediation effect of RARβ methylation on the association between healthy lifestyle and BC in Chinese women. Patients and Methods This case–control study consisted of 408 BC patients and 573 controls. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on diet, alcohol use, physical activity, body mass index and smoking. The mediation effect of RARβ methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes was assessed in a causal mediation model using R package Lavaan. Results A higher HLS was significantly associated with lower risk of BC (P-value<0.001). In mediation analyses, the total effect of HLS on BC measured as a regression coefficient was significant (−0.237). The indirect effects of HLS on RARβ methylation (−0.153) and RARβ methylation on BC (0.220) were both significant. The significant mediation effect of RARβ methylation on the HLS-BC association was estimated at 14.3%. Conclusion The relationship between healthy lifestyle and BC is partly mediated by RARβ methylation, suggesting that epigenetic modifications play a role in the underlying mechanisms in response to lifestyles and contribute to the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongru Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Ge
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilong Jiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Lupu D, Andersson P, Bornehag CG, Demeneix B, Fritsche E, Gennings C, Lichtensteiger W, Leist M, Leonards PEG, Ponsonby AL, Scholze M, Testa G, Tresguerres JAF, Westerink RHS, Zalc B, Rüegg J. The ENDpoiNTs Project: Novel Testing Strategies for Endocrine Disruptors Linked to Developmental Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113978. [PMID: 32492937 PMCID: PMC7312023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has caused serious concerns about the ability of these chemicals to affect neurodevelopment, among others. Since endocrine disruption (ED)-induced developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) is hardly covered by the chemical testing tools that are currently in regulatory use, the Horizon 2020 research and innovation action ENDpoiNTs has been launched to fill the scientific and methodological gaps related to the assessment of this type of chemical toxicity. The ENDpoiNTs project will generate new knowledge about ED-induced DNT and aims to develop and improve in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models pertaining to ED-linked DNT outcomes for chemical testing. This will be achieved by establishing correlative and causal links between known and novel neurodevelopmental endpoints and endocrine pathways through integration of molecular, cellular, and organismal data from in vitro and in vivo models. Based on this knowledge, the project aims to provide adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for ED-induced DNT and to develop and integrate new testing tools with high relevance for human health into European and international regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lupu
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | | | - Barbara Demeneix
- Evolution of Endocrine Regulations UMR 7221, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Pim E. G. Leonards
- Department Environment and Health, Vrije University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Martin Scholze
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jesus A. F. Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Remco H. S. Westerink
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris, France;
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1308-1325. [PMID: 32476245 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic-derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto-placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mrinal K Das
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Xu Y, Jurkovic-Mlakar S, Li Y, Wahlberg K, Scott K, Pineda D, Lindh CH, Jakobsson K, Engström K. Association between serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and expression of serum microRNAs in a cohort highly exposed to PFAS from drinking water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105446. [PMID: 31926437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread synthetic substances with various adverse health effects. Not much is known about the modes of action of PFAS toxicity, but one likely mechanism is alteration of microRNA expression. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether PFAS exposure is associated with altered microRNA expression in serum. METHODS We selected women from the Ronneby cohort, with high exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), emanating from drinking water contaminated by firefighting foam, and a control group of women from a neighbouring municipality without drinking water contamination. Serum levels of PFAS were analysed using LC/MS/MS. High coverage microRNA expression was analysed by next generation sequencing (NGS) in 53 individuals to screen for microRNAs associated with PFAS exposure. After verification by qPCR, associations between PFAS exposure and expression of 18 selected microRNAs were validated by qPCR in 232 individuals. In silico functional analyses were performed using Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). RESULTS Three microRNAs were consistently associated with PFAS exposure in the different steps of the study: miR-101-3p, miR-144-3p and miR-19a-3p (all downregulated with increasing exposure). In silico functional analyses suggested that these PFAS-associated microRNAs were annotated to e.g. cardiovascular function and disease, Alzheimer's disease, growth of cancer cell lines and cancer. Seven predicted target genes for the downregulated microRNAs were annotated to PFAS in IPA knowledge database: DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3a), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (NR1H3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and tumour growth factor alpha (TGFα). DISCUSSION PFAS exposure was associated with downregulation of specific microRNAs. Further, in silico functional analyses suggest potential links between the specific PFAS-associated microRNAs, specific microRNA target genes and possibly also health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simona Jurkovic-Mlakar
- CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ying Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristin Scott
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- EPI@LUND, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Escher J, Ford LD. General anesthesia, germ cells and the missing heritability of autism: an urgent need for research. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2020; 6:dvaa007. [PMID: 32704384 PMCID: PMC7368377 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Agents of general anesthesia (GA) are commonly employed in surgical, dental and diagnostic procedures to effectuate global suppression of the nervous system, but in addition to somatic targets, the subject's germ cells-from the embryonic primordial stage to the mature gametes-may likewise be exposed. Although GA is generally considered safe for most patients, evidence has accumulated that various compounds, in particular the synthetic volatile anesthetic gases (SVAGs) such as sevoflurane, can exert neurotoxic, genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects, with adverse consequences for cellular and genomic function in both somatic and germline cells. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence demonstrating that GA, and in particular, SVAGs, may in some circumstances adversely impact the molecular program of germ cells, resulting in brain and behavioral pathology in the progeny born of the exposed cells. Further, we exhort the medical and scientific communities to undertake comprehensive experimental and epidemiological research programs to address this critical gap in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Correspondence address. Escher Fund for Autism, 1590 Calaveras Avenue, San Jose, CA 95126, USA. E-mail:
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30
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Chung FFL, Herceg Z. The Promises and Challenges of Toxico-Epigenomics: Environmental Chemicals and Their Impacts on the Epigenome. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:15001. [PMID: 31950866 PMCID: PMC7015548 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been estimated that a substantial portion of chronic and noncommunicable diseases can be caused or exacerbated by exposure to environmental chemicals. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that early life exposure to environmental chemicals at relatively low concentrations could have lasting effects on individual and population health. Although the potential adverse effects of environmental chemicals are known to the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the public, little is known about the mechanistic basis by which these chemicals can induce long-term or transgenerational effects. To address this question, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the potential link between genetic and environmental factors of health and disease. OBJECTIVES We present an overview of epigenetic regulation and a summary of reported evidence of environmental toxicants as epigenetic disruptors. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using epigenetic biomarkers as an indicator of toxicant exposure, using measures that can be taken to improve risk assessment, and our perspectives on the future role of epigenetics in toxicology. DISCUSSION Until recently, efforts to apply epigenomic data in toxicology and risk assessment were restricted by an incomplete understanding of epigenomic variability across tissue types and populations. This is poised to change with the development of new tools and concerted efforts by researchers across disciplines that have led to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and comprehensive maps of epigenomic variation. With the foundations now in place, we foresee that unprecedented advancements will take place in the field in the coming years. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6104.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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31
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Martins C, Dreij K, Costa PM. The State-of-the Art of Environmental Toxicogenomics: Challenges and Perspectives of "Omics" Approaches Directed to Toxicant Mixtures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234718. [PMID: 31779274 PMCID: PMC6926496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last decade witnessed extraordinary advances in “omics” methods, particularly transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, enabling toxicologists to integrate toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics with mechanistic insights on the mode-of-action of noxious chemicals, single or combined. The toxicology of mixtures is, nonetheless, a most challenging enterprise, especially for environmental toxicologists and ecotoxicologists, who invariably deal with chemical mixtures, many of which contain unknowns. Despite costs and demanding computations, the systems toxicology framework, of which “omics” is a major component, endeavors extracting adverse outcome pathways for complex mixtures. Still, the interplay between the multiple components of gene expression and cell metabolism tends to be overlooked. As an example, the proteome allocates DNA methyltransferases whose altered transcription or loss of function by action of chemicals can have a global impact on gene expression in the cell. On the other hand, chemical insult can produce reactive metabolites and radicals that can intercalate or bind to DNA as well as to enzymes and structural proteins, compromising their activity. These examples illustrate the importance of exploring multiple “omes” and the purpose of “omics” and multi-“omics” for building truly predictive models of hazard and risk. Here we will review the state-of-the-art of toxicogenomics highlighting successes, shortcomings and perspectives for next-generation environmental toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (ext. 11103) (P.M.C.)
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (ext. 11103) (P.M.C.)
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Horemans N, Spurgeon DJ, Lecomte-Pradines C, Saenen E, Bradshaw C, Oughton D, Rasnaca I, Kamstra JH, Adam-Guillermin C. Current evidence for a role of epigenetic mechanisms in response to ionizing radiation in an ecotoxicological context. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:469-483. [PMID: 31103007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The issue of potential long-term or hereditary effects for both humans and wildlife exposed to low doses (or dose rates) of ionising radiation is a major concern. Chronic exposure to ionising radiation, defined as an exposure over a large fraction of the organism's lifespan or even over several generations, can possibly have consequences in the progeny. Recent work has begun to show that epigenetics plays an important role in adaptation of organisms challenged to environmental stimulae. Changes to so-called epigenetic marks such as histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs result in altered transcriptomes and proteomes, without directly changing the DNA sequence. Moreover, some of these environmentally-induced epigenetic changes tend to persist over generations, and thus, epigenetic modifications are regarded as the conduits for environmental influence on the genome. Here, we review the current knowledge of possible involvement of epigenetics in the cascade of responses resulting from environmental exposure to ionising radiation. In addition, from a comparison of lab and field obtained data, we investigate evidence on radiation-induced changes in the epigenome and in particular the total or locus specific levels of DNA methylation. The challenges for future research and possible use of changes as an early warning (biomarker) of radiosensitivity and individual exposure is discussed. Such a biomarker could be used to detect and better understand the mechanisms of toxic action and inter/intra-species susceptibility to radiation within an environmental risk assessment and management context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Horemans
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Research, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Eline Saenen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Aas, Norway
| | - Ilze Rasnaca
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, Cadarache, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
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Ali GE, Ibrahim MA, El-Deeb AH, Amer H, Zaki SM. Pulmonary deregulation of expression of miR-155 and two of its putative target genes; PROS1 and TP53INP1 associated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) administration in rat. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5569-5579. [PMID: 31413563 PMCID: PMC6660627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s208372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been considered as an ideal candidate in various biomedical applications due to their ease of tailoring into different size, shape, and decorations with different functionalities. The current study was conducted to investigate the epigenetic alteration in the lung in response to AuNPs administration regarding microRNA-155 (miR-155) gene which can be involved in AuNP-induced lung pathogenesis. Methods: Thirty-two Wister rats were divided into two equal groups, control group and AuNPs treated group which received a single intravenous (IV) injection of plain spherical AuNPs (0.015 mg/kg body wt) with an average diameter size of 25±3 nm. Lung samples were collected from both the control and injected groups at one day, one week, one month and two months post-injection. The alteration of relative expression of miR-155 gene and two of its putative target genes; tumor protein 53 inducible nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) and protein S (PROS1) was investigated by real time PCR and protein S (PS) expression was analyzed by Western blotting technique. Results: The obtained results revealed that AuNPs administration significantly increases the expression level of miR-155 and reduce relative mRNA expression of TP53INP1 and PROS1 genes at one day post-injection. In contrast, a significant down-regulation of miR-155 level of expression concurrent with up-regulation of expression level of TP53INP1 and PROS1 genes were shown at one week, one month and two months post-injection. PS levels were mirrored to their PROS1 mRNA levels except for two month post-injection time point. Conclusions: These findings indicate epigenetic modulation in the lung in response to AuNPs administration regarding the miR-155 gene which can be involved in AuNP-induced lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada E Ali
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Giza12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Giza12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman H El-Deeb
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Giza12211, Egypt
| | - Hassan Amer
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Giza12211, Egypt
| | - Said M Zaki
- Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Giza12211, Egypt
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Viluksela M, Pohjanvirta R. Multigenerational and Transgenerational Effects of Dioxins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2947. [PMID: 31212893 PMCID: PMC6627869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioxins are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants whose background levels are still reason for concern. There is mounting evidence from both epidemiological and experimental studies that paternal exposure to the most potent congener of dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), can lower the male/female ratio of offspring. Moreover, in laboratory rodents and zebrafish, TCDD exposure of parent animals has been reported to result in reduced reproductive performance along with other adverse effects in subsequent generations, foremost through the paternal but also via the maternal germline. These impacts have been accompanied by epigenetic alterations in placenta and/or sperm cells, including changes in methylation patterns of imprinted genes. Here, we review recent key studies in this field with an attempt to provide an up-to-date picture of the present state of knowledge to the reader. These studies provide biological plausibility for the potential of dioxin exposure at a critical time-window to induce epigenetic alterations across multiple generations and the significance of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in mediating these effects. Currently available data do not allow to accurately estimate the human health implications of these findings, although epidemiological evidence on lowered male/female ratio suggests that this effect may take place at realistic human exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Environmental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Schmitz-Spanke S. Toxicogenomics - What added Value Do These Approaches Provide for Carcinogen Risk Assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:157-164. [PMID: 30909101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is still a major challenge to protect humans at workplaces and in the environment. To cope with this task, it is a prerequisite to obtain detailed information on the extent of chemical perturbations of biological pathways, in particular, adaptive vs. adverse effects and the dose-response relationships. This knowledge serves as the basis for the classification of non-carcinogens and carcinogens and for further distinguishing carcinogens in genotoxic (DNA damaging) or non-genotoxic compounds. Basing on quantitative dose-response relationships, points of departures can be derived for chemical risk assessment. In recent years, new methods have shown their capability to support the established rodent models of carcinogenicity testing. In vitro high throughput screening assays assess more comprehensively cell response. In addition, omics technologies were applied to study the mode of action of chemicals whereby the term "toxicogenomics" comprises various technologies such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, or metabolomics. This review aims to summarize the current state of toxicogenomic approaches in risk science and to compare them with established ones. For example, measurement of global transcriptional changes generates meaningful information for toxicological risk assessment such as accurate classification of genotoxic/non-genotoxic carcinogens. Alteration in mRNA expression offers previously unknown insights in the mode of action and enables the definition of key events. Based on these, benchmark doses can be calculated for the transition from an adaptive to an adverse state. In short, this review assesses the potential and challenges of transcriptomics and addresses the impact of other omics technologies on risk assessment in terms of hazard identification and dose-response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Escher J, Robotti S. Pregnancy drugs, fetal germline epigenome, and risks for next-generation pathology: A call to action. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:445-454. [PMID: 30891817 DOI: 10.1002/em.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect three generations at once: the gestating woman (F0), her exposed fetus (F1), and the fetal germ cells that confer heritable information for the grandchildren (F2). Unfortunately, despite growing evidence for connections between F0 drug exposures and F2 pathology, current approaches to risk assessment overlook this important dimension of risk. In this commentary, we argue that the unique molecular vulnerabilities of the fetal germline, particularly with regard to global epigenomic reprogramming, combined with empirical evidence for F2 effects of F1 in utero drug and other exposures, should change the way we consider potential long-term consequences of pregnancy drugs and alter toxicology's standard somatic paradigm. Specifically, we (1) suggest that pregnancy drugs common in the postwar decades should be investigated as potential contributors to the "missing heritability" of many pathologies now surging in prevalence; (2) call for inclusion of fetal germline risks in pregnancy drug safety assessment; and (3) highlight the need for intensified research to ascertain generational impacts of diethylstilbestrol, a vanguard question of human germline toxicity. Only by fully addressing this important dimension of transplacental exposure can we responsibly evaluate safety of drug exposures during pregnancy and convey the full scope of risks, while also retrospectively comprehending the generational legacy of recent history's unprecedented glut of evolutionarily novel intrauterine exposures. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:445-454, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Escher
- Escher Fund for Autism, San Jose, California
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Schulte PA, Leso V, Niang M, Iavicoli I. Current state of knowledge on the health effects of engineered nanomaterials in workers: a systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations. Scand J Work Environ Health 2019; 45:217-238. [PMID: 30653633 PMCID: PMC6494687 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The widespread application of nano-enabled products and the increasing likelihood for workplace exposures make understanding engineered nanomaterial (ENM) effects in exposed workers a public and occupational health priority. The aim of this study was to report on the current state of knowledge on possible adverse effects induced by ENM in humans to determine the toxicological profile of each type of ENM and potential biomarkers for early detection of such effects in workers. Methods A systematic review of human studies and epidemiological investigations of exposed workers relative to the possible adverse effects for the most widely used ENM was performed through searches of major scientific databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Results Twenty-seven studies were identified. Most of the epidemiological investigations were cross-sectional. The review found limited evidence of adverse effects in workers exposed to the most commonly used ENM. However, some biological alterations are suggestive for possible adverse impacts. The primary targets of some ENM exposures were the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Changes in biomarker levels compared with controls were also observed; however, limited exposure data and the relatively short period since the first exposure may have influenced the incidence of adverse effects found in epidemiological studies. Conclusions There is a need for longitudinal epidemiologic investigations with clear exposure characterizations for various ENM to discover potential adverse health effects and identify possible indicators of early biological alterations. In this state of uncertainty, precautionary controls for each ENM are warranted while further study of potential health effects continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1150 Tusculum Avenue, MS C-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Abstract
The laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio) is now an accepted model in toxicologic research. The zebrafish model fills a niche between in vitro models and mammalian biomedical models. The developmental characteristics of the small fish are strategically being used by scientists to study topics ranging from high-throughput toxicity screens to toxicity in multi- and transgenerational studies. High-throughput technology has increased the utility of zebrafish embryonic toxicity assays in screening of chemicals and drugs for toxicity or effect. Additionally, advances in behavioral characterization and experimental methodology allow for observation of recognizable phenotypic changes after xenobiotic exposure. Future directions in zebrafish research are predicted to take advantage of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing methods in creating models of disease and interrogating mechanisms of action with fluorescent reporters or tagged proteins. Zebrafish can also model developmental origins of health and disease and multi- and transgenerational toxicity. The zebrafish has many advantages as a toxicologic model and new methodologies and areas of study continue to expand the usefulness and application of the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Khan F, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. The relationship between mercury exposure and epigenetic alterations regarding human health, risk assessment and diagnostic strategies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:37-47. [PMID: 30732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the environmental toxicants poses a serious threat to human health. The extent of exposure and the development of diseases are interrelated with each other. Chronic exposure to mercury (Hg) increases the risk of developing serious human disorders from embryo to adulthood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to highlight the most common human disorders induced by Hg exposure on the basis of epigenetic mechanisms. A growing body of evidence shows that Hg exposure leads to alterations in the epigenetic markers. METHODS We performed an organized search of the available literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Reaxys, EMBASE and Scopus databases. All the relevant citations, including research and review articles in English were evaluated. The search terms included mercury, Hg, epigenetics, epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs (miRNAs), and risk assessment. RESULTS Data on human toxicity due to Hg exposure shows broad variations in terms of chemical nature, doses, and the rate of exposure. Hg consumption either via foods or environmental sources may create deleterious health effects on various physiological systems at least partially through an epigenetic mechanism. CONCLUSION Hg exposure could trigger epigenetic alterations, hence leading to various human disorders including reduced newborn cerebellum size, adverse behavioral outcomes, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Similarly, in adults, occupational Hg exposure has been associated with an increased risk of autoimmunity. It has been revealed that miRNAs in the woman's cervix are a novel responder to maternal Hg exposure during pregnancy. Hg-induced epigenetic alterations analysis of kidney tissues showed a significant interruption in renal function. DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications are predominant types of Hg epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Guimarães B, Römbke J, Amorim MJB. Novel egg life-stage test with Folsomia candida - A case study with Cadmium (Cd). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:121-126. [PMID: 30077841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of pollutants is known to have a different impact depending on the organisms' life stage. Standard tests are often based on one life stage, i.e. effects could be underestimated. We aimed here to develop and optimize a test system using eggs of Folsomia candida (4-5 days) instead of the juveniles (10-12 days old) required by the OECD standard test guideline No. 232 (2009). Accordingly, the exposure time and thus the test duration was extended. Tests with "standard" juveniles (10-12 days old) and, adults (21 and 28 days old) were also performed. Cadmium (Cd) was used as test substance. The extension to the test guideline starts as follows: 1) synchronization of eggs in a thin soil layer on plaster of Paris, 2) selection of viable eggs, 3) burying these eggs in groups of 5 in soil. Afterwards, the test procedure will follow the standard procedure as described in the OECD standard test. Cadmium caused ca. 50% effects on reproduction at 60 mg Cd/kg soil dry weight (DW) when exposing juveniles or adults. There was no significant impact of Cd on the eggs, the hatching process or the latter life stages until ca. 250 mg Cd/kg DW (Cd is stable during this exposure period). Hence, Cd seems to affect reproduction before egg laying, i.e., during egg formation or during juvenile-adult stages. In order to clarify whether other chemicals do act in a similar way testing with different chemicals is highly recommended. Testing of different life stages does provide insight on the mechanisms and effects of contaminants and offers important insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guimarães
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany
| | - M J B Amorim
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal..
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Tian FY, Marsit CJ. Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Plasticity in Development: Epigenetic Toxicity and Epigenetic Adaptation. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018; 5:450-460. [PMID: 30984515 PMCID: PMC6456900 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epigenetic processes represent important mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity in response to environmental exposures. The current review discusses three classes of environmentally-induced epigenetic changes reflecting two aspects of that plasticity, toxicity effects as well as adaptation in the process of development. RECENT FINDINGS Due to innate resilience, epigenetic changes caused by environmental exposures may not always lead impairments but may allow the organisms to achieve positive developmental outcomes through appropriate adaptation and a buffering response. Thus, some epigenetic adaptive responses to an immediate stimulus or exposure early in life would be expected to have a survival advantage but these same responses may also result in adverse developmental outcomes as they persists into later life stage. Although accumulating literature has identified environmentally induced epigenetic changes and linked them to health outcomes, we currently face challenges in the interpretation of the functional impact of their epigenetic plasticity. SUMMARY Current environmental epigenetic research suggest that epigenetic processes may serve as a mechanism for resilience, and that they can be considered in terms of their impact on toxicity as a negative outcome, but also on adaptation for improved survival or health. This review encourages epigenetic environmental studies to move deeper inside into the functional meaning of epigenetic plasticity in the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Kamstra JH, Hurem S, Martin LM, Lindeman LC, Legler J, Oughton D, Salbu B, Brede DA, Lyche JL, Aleström P. Ionizing radiation induces transgenerational effects of DNA methylation in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15373. [PMID: 30337673 PMCID: PMC6193964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to cause DNA damage, yet the mechanisms underlying potential transgenerational effects of exposure have been scarcely studied. Previously, we observed effects in offspring of zebrafish exposed to gamma radiation during gametogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that these effects are accompanied by changes of DNA methylation possibly inherited by subsequent generations. We assessed DNA methylation in F1 embryos (5.5 hours post fertilization) with whole genome bisulfite sequencing following parental exposure to 8.7 mGy/h for 27 days and found 5658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DMRs were predominantly located at known regulatory regions, such as gene promoters and enhancers. Pathway analysis indicated the involvement of DMRs related to similar pathways found with gene expression analysis, such as development, apoptosis and cancers, which could be linked to previous observed developmental defects and genomic instability in the offspring. Follow up of 19 F1 DMRs in F2 and F3 embryos revealed persistent effects up to the F3 generation at 5 regions. These results indicate that ionizing radiation related effects in offspring can be linked to DNA methylation changes that partly can persist over generations. Monitoring DNA methylation could serve as a biomarker to provide an indication of ancestral exposures to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorke H Kamstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Selma Hurem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Martin Martin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway.,University of Camagüey, Faculty of Agropecuary Sciences, Camagüey, 70100, Cuba
| | - Leif C Lindeman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Jan Ludvig Lyche
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0033, Oslo, Norway
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Dasgupta S, Cheng V, Vliet SMF, Mitchell CA, Volz DC. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate Exposure During the Early-Blastula Stage Alters the Normal Trajectory of Zebrafish Embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10820-10828. [PMID: 30157643 PMCID: PMC6169527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is an organophosphate flame retardant used around the world. Within zebrafish, we previously showed that initiation of TDCIPP exposure during cleavage (0.75 h post-fertilization, hpf) results in epiboly disruption at 6 hpf, leading to dorsalized embryos by 24 hpf, a phenotype that mimics the effects of dorsomorphin (DMP), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist that dorsalizes embryos in the absence of epiboly defects. The objective of this study was to (1) investigate the role of BMP signaling in TDCIPP-induced toxicity during early embryogenesis, (2) identify other pathways and processes targeted by TDCIPP, and (3) characterize the downstream impacts of early developmental defects. Using zebrafish as a model, we first identified a sensitive window for TDCIPP-induced effects following exposure initiation at 0.75 hpf. We then investigated the effects of TDCIPP on the transcriptome during the first 24 h of development using mRNA sequencing and amplicon sequencing. Finally, we relied on whole-mount immunohistochemistry, dye-based labeling, and morphological assessments to study abnormalities later in embryonic development. Overall, our data suggest that the initiation of TDCIPP exposure during early blastula alters the normal trajectory of early embryogenesis by inducing gastrulation defects and aberrant germ-layer formation, leading to abnormal tissue and organ development within the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dasgupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vanessa Cheng
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Sara M. F. Vliet
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Constance A. Mitchell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David C. Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Phone: (951) 827-4450; Fax: (951) 827 3993;
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Akinjo OO, Gant TW, Marczylo EL. Perturbation of microRNA signalling by doxorubicin in spermatogonial, Leydig and Sertoli cell lines in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:760-770. [PMID: 30310654 PMCID: PMC6115902 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that in addition to its widely recognised cardiotoxicity, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) is able to induce transcriptional, microRNA (miRNA) and DNA methylation changes in the mouse testis. These changes perturb pathways involved in stress/cell death and survival and testicular function and lead to germ cell loss and reproductive organ damage. Here, we further investigated the differential miRNA expression induced by DOX in mouse spermatogonial (GC1), Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cell lines in vitro. We began by performing cell cycle analysis of the three mouse testicular cell lines to evaluate their sensitivity to DOX and thus select suitable doses for miRNA profiling. In keeping with our in vivo data, the spermatogonial cell line was the most sensitive, and the Sertoli cell line the most resistant to DOX-induced cell cycle arrest. We then further demonstrated that each cell line has a distinct miRNA profile, which is perturbed upon treatment with DOX. Pathway analysis identified changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of specialised signalling at germ-Sertoli and Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions following treatment with DOX. Amongst the most significant disease categories associated with DOX-induced miRNA expression were organismal injury and abnormalities, and reproductive system disease. This suggests that miRNAs play significant roles in both normal testicular function and DOX-induced testicular toxicity. Comparison of our in vitro and in vivo data highlights that in vitro cell models can provide valuable mechanistic information, which may also help facilitate the development of biomarkers of testicular toxicity and high-throughput in vitro screening methods to identify potential testicular toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwajoba O Akinjo
- Toxicology Department , CRCE , PHE , Chilton , Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ , UK .
| | - Timothy W Gant
- Toxicology Department , CRCE , PHE , Chilton , Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ , UK .
| | - Emma L Marczylo
- Toxicology Department , CRCE , PHE , Chilton , Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ , UK .
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Alavian-Ghavanini A, Lin PI, Lind PM, Risén Rimfors S, Halin Lejonklou M, Dunder L, Tang M, Lindh C, Bornehag CG, Rüegg J. Prenatal Bisphenol A Exposure is Linked to Epigenetic Changes in Glutamate Receptor Subunit Gene Grin2b in Female Rats and Humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11315. [PMID: 30054528 PMCID: PMC6063959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and to effects on epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, at genes involved in brain function. High doses of BPA have been shown to change expression and regulation of one such gene, Grin2b, in mice. Yet, if such changes occur at relevant doses in animals and humans has not been addressed. We investigated if low-dose developmental BPA exposure affects DNA methylation and expression of Grin2b in brains of adult rats. Furthermore, we assessed associations between prenatal BPA exposure and Grin2b methylation in 7-year old children. We found that Grin2b mRNA expression was increased and DNA methylation decreased in female, but not in male rats. In humans, prenatal BPA exposure was associated with increased methylation levels in girls. Additionally, low APGAR scores, a predictor for increased risk for neurodevelopmental diseases, were associated with higher Grin2b methylation levels in girls. Thus, we could link developmental BPA exposure and low APGAR scores to changes in the epigenetic regulation of Grin2b, a gene important for neuronal function, in a sexual dimorphic fashion. Discrepancies in exact locations and directions of the DNA methylation change might reflect differences between species, analysed tissues, exposure level and/or timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alavian-Ghavanini
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ping-I Lin
- Karlstad University, Department of Health Sciences, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabina Risén Rimfors
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Margareta Halin Lejonklou
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mandy Tang
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Lund University, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Karlstad University, Department of Health Sciences, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Forskargatan 20, 151 36, Södertälje, Sweden.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMM), 171 64, Solna, Sweden.
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Athanasio CG, Sommer U, Viant MR, Chipman JK, Mirbahai L. Use of 5-azacytidine in a proof-of-concept study to evaluate the impact of pre-natal and post-natal exposures, as well as within generation persistent DNA methylation changes in Daphnia. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:556-568. [PMID: 29623456 PMCID: PMC6010494 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposures at critical stages of development can lead to delayed adverse effects long after the initial stressor has been removed, a concept referred to as developmental origin of adult disease. This indicates that organisms' phenotypes may epigenetically reflect their past exposure history as well as reflecting chemicals currently present in their environment. This concept has significant implications for environmental monitoring. However, there is as yet little or no implementation of epigenetics in environmental risk assessment. In a proof-of-principle study we exposed Daphnia magna to 5-azacytidine, a known DNA de-methylating agent. Exposures covered combinations of prenatal and postnatal exposures as well as different exposure durations and recovery stages. Growth, the transcription of genes and levels of metabolites involved in regulating DNA methylation, and methylation levels of several genes were measured. Our data shows that prenatal exposures caused significant changes in the methylome of target genes, indicating that prenatal stages of Daphnia are also susceptible to same level of change as post-natal stages of Daphnia. While the combination of pre- and postnatal exposures caused the most extreme reduction in DNA methylation compared to the control group. Furthermore, some of the changes in the methylation patterns were persistent even after the initial stressor was removed. Our results suggest that epigenetic biomarkers have the potential to be used as indicators of past chemical exposure history of organisms and provide strong support for implementing changes to the current regimes for chemical risk assessment to mimic realistic environmental scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulf Sommer
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Kevin Chipman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Leda Mirbahai
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Moggs J, Terranova R. Chromatin dynamics underlying latent responses to xenobiotics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:606-617. [PMID: 30090610 PMCID: PMC6062062 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic xenobiotics can trigger dynamic alterations in mammalian chromatin structure and function but many of these are likely non-adverse and simply reflect short-term changes in DNA transactions underlying normal homeostatic, adaptive and protective cellular responses. However, it is plausible that a subset of xenobiotic-induced perturbations of somatic tissue or germline epigenomes result in delayed-onset and long-lasting adverse effects, in particular if they occur during critical stages of growth and development. These could include reprogramming, dedifferentiation, uncontrolled growth, and cumulative toxicity effects through molecular memory of prior xenobiotic exposures or altered susceptibility to subsequent xenobiotic exposures. Here we discuss the current evidence for epigenetic mechanisms underlying latent responses to xenobiotics, and the potential for identifying molecular epigenetic changes that are prodromal to overt morphologic or functional toxicity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Moggs
- Preclinical Safety , Translational Medicine , Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Rémi Terranova
- Preclinical Safety , Translational Medicine , Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Basel , Switzerland
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48
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Robertson S, Miller MR. Ambient air pollution and thrombosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29298690 PMCID: PMC5753450 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a growing public health concern of global significance. Acute and chronic exposure is known to impair cardiovascular function, exacerbate disease and increase cardiovascular mortality. Several plausible biological mechanisms have been proposed for these associations, however, at present, the pathways are incomplete. A seminal review by the American Heart Association (2010) concluded that the thrombotic effects of particulate air pollution likely contributed to their effects on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The aim of the current review is to appraise the newly accumulated scientific evidence (2009-2016) on contribution of haemostasis and thrombosis towards cardiovascular disease induced by exposure to both particulate and gaseous pollutants.Seventy four publications were reviewed in-depth. The weight of evidence suggests that acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces a shift in the haemostatic balance towards a pro-thrombotic/pro-coagulative state. Insufficient data was available to ascertain if a similar relationship exists for gaseous pollutants, and very few studies have addressed long-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Platelet activation, oxidative stress, interplay between interleukin-6 and tissue factor, all appear to be potentially important mechanisms in pollution-mediated thrombosis, together with an emerging role for circulating microvesicles and epigenetic changes.Overall, the recent literature supports, and arguably strengthens, the contention that air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity by promoting haemostasis. The volume and diversity of the evidence highlights the complexity of the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which air pollution promotes thrombosis; multiple pathways are plausible and it is most likely they act in concert. Future research should address the role gaseous pollutants play in the cardiovascular effects of air pollution mixture and direct comparison of potentially susceptible groups to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Robertson
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre of Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Rusyn I, Pogribny IP. Editorial overview of the special issue on genomic toxicology epigenetics. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 6:i-iii. [PMID: 29607421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, U.S. FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
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50
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LaRocca J, Johnson KJ, LeBaron MJ, Rasoulpour RJ. The interface of epigenetics and toxicology in product safety assessment. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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