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Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Li X. The circular argument relationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction: evidence based on the diary method. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:138-154. [PMID: 37477989 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2224548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The link between civilization and technology has long been a hotspot of research around the world. Mobile phone addiction has become a common social phenomenon with advances in society and technology, wreaking havoc on people's emotional health, physical fitness, and personal connections. Considering the positive effects of mindfulness, this study used the diary method to explore the relationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction based on the mindfulness reperceiving model. We conducted a 14-day diary study among 198 Chinese youth participants. The results showed that there was a circular argument relationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction: mindfulness of the previous day could significantly negatively predict mobile phone addiction of the following day, and vice versa. These results, based on the mindfulness reperceiving model, effectively extend theories and profoundly reveal the circular argument relationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction. Besides, it also provides new thought for the mechanism of the interrelationship between mindfulness and mobile phone addiction, as an important theoretical support for the intervention of mobile phone addiction from the perspective of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchun Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Tao Xingzhi Research Institute, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Gibson J. Trauma, early life stress, and mindfulness in adulthood. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38355582 PMCID: PMC10865675 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This article is a review that was inspired by recent studies investigating the effects of childhood trauma or early life stress (ELS) and mindfulness in adulthood. One recent study found that some forms of abuse and neglect led to higher scores in several subscales of a self-report measure of mindfulness. The authors concluded that some forms of ELS can help cultivate certain aspects of mindfulness in adulthood. However, and in contrast to this recent finding, much of the extant literature investigating ELS and trauma are linked to emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, and a host of psychopathologies in adulthood which makes the results of this study surprising. Central to the mindfulness literature is cultivating an open, non-reactive, or non-judgment awareness of inner experiences which are important for emotional regulation. In this paper, I review some of the effects of trauma or ELS on critical neural circuits linked to mindfulness, interoception, attachment, and alexithymia which I hope may clarify some of the conflicting findings from this study and throughout the literature and provide additional context and a framework that may inform research investigating these two constructs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gibson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, United States of America.
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3
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Barata Ö, Acar IH, Bostancı S. Associations Among Adolescents' Mindfulness, Sympathy, Cognitive Empathy, and Sibling Relationships. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:256-275. [PMID: 35491664 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221097951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined the direct and indirect paths from mindfulness to adolescents' sibling relationships through their cognitive empathy and sympathy. The sample consisted of 220 adolescents (50.9 % female) between age of 13 and 17 years (M = 15.86, SD = 0.91). Participants reported their mindfulness (acceptance and awareness), cognitive empathy and sympathy, and sibling relationships. The parallel mediation model revealed that mindful awareness and acceptance predicted kindness, involvement, and empathy within sibling relationships through sympathy. In addition, there was a significant indirect effect of mindful awareness to empathy in sibling relationships through cognitive empathy. Findings provided information regarding the importance of indirect contributions of mindfulness to sibling relationships through cognitive empathy and sympathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Barata
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Acar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Bostancı
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Sahin NH, Tasso AF, Guler M. Attachment and emotional regulation: examining the role of prefrontal cortex functions, executive functions, and mindfulness in their relationship. Cogn Process 2023; 24:619-631. [PMID: 37368059 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Attachment is a prominent area of psychological research, with its relevance linked to executive functions, mindfulness, and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study is to examine this relationship among these aforementioned four constructs and propose a model to be tested in the future. Based on the current trends using the Interpersonal Neurobiology approach, which assumes prefrontal cortex functions to include other socioemotional resources such as empathy, morality, insight, behavior, and body regulation. Our study included prefrontal cortical functions alongside executive functions. The assessment instruments used were Attachment-Based Cognitive Representations Scale, Prefrontal Cortex Functions Scale, Webexec, Five Facet Mindfulness Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We hypothesized that attachment would be the strongest predictor of emotional regulation. The participants in the study were 539 college students (mean = 20.21; sd = 1.57); (68% female and 32%, male). Our a priori research hypothesis was supported, with an additional finding that trait mindfulness was also a significant predictor. The strongest correlations with attachment styles were with trait mindfulness and emotional regulation. We conducted path analyses of two different models for secure and insecure attachment. The path analyses showed that secure attachment scores were negatively related, and insecure attachment scores were positively related to difficulties in emotional regulation scores. Furthermore, trait mindfulness and prefrontal cortex functions also mediated this relationship. However, there was no significant relationship between executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation scores, even though it was significantly related to attachment. Results and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Hisli Sahin
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, USA.
| | - Anthony F Tasso
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, USA
| | - Murat Guler
- Department of Business Administration, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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Dixon HC, Reynolds LM, Consedine NS. Containing Attachment Concerns: Does Trait Mindfulness Buffer the Links between Attachment Insecurity and Maladaptive Sexual Motivations? JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:1126-1137. [PMID: 35230199 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2043229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Individuals reporting greater insecure attachment are more likely to report maladaptive sexual motivations, such as sex to avoid negative relational and personal outcomes (e.g., conflict). Despite the costs of such sexual motivations, research is less clear regarding what might buffer the extent to which attachment insecurities manifest in such motives. The current study examined whether trait mindfulness moderates the links between attachment insecurity and maladaptive sexual motives. Participants (N = 194) completed measures of trait mindfulness, general sexual motivations, and attachment. As predicted, the links between attachment anxiety and having sex to cope and affirm the self were eliminated among individuals reporting higher levels of the acting with awareness facet of trait mindfulness. No such buffering effects were seen for attachment avoidance. Instead, acting with awareness mindfulness appeared to increase the extent to which more avoidantly attached individuals reported coping and self-affirmation-based sexual motives. These findings contribute to knowledge regarding the potential utility and limits of mindfulness in relational and sexual contexts, perhaps suggesting that mindfulness may help anxiously attached individuals manage the extent to which attachment concerns manifest in maladaptive sexual motivations. Findings of the study may inform both theory regarding mindfulness in interpersonal functioning and how mindfulness interventions might be deployed in sex therapy contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Dixon
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - L M Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
| | - N S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland
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Carrero I, Martínez de Ibarreta C, Valor C, Merino A. Does loving-kindness meditation elicit empathic emotions? The moderating role of self-discrepancy and self-esteem on guilt. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:919-937. [PMID: 36358020 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the emotions elicited by loving-kindness meditation (LKM) at early stages of practice is limited, despite the influence that these emotions may have on later engagement. Past work suggests that LKM may elicit emotional ambivalence at early stages of the practice, but it is still unclear whether the content of LKM activates this ambivalence and who is more likely to experience it. Given the specific content of LKM, we defend that this meditation is likely to elicit empathetic emotions, both positive (compassion and gratitude) and negative (guilt), to a greater extent than an active control. Guilt is likely to be elicited by memories of incidents where naïve meditators were not able to experience compassion and/or by the difficulties in sending compassionate love to disliked others during the meditation. Furthermore, individuals with greater self-discrepancy and lower self-esteem are more likely to experience guilt. These hypotheses were tested in two experimental studies with community and student samples (n = 55 and n = 33, respectively) and using a brief intervention. The results support the hypotheses. These findings have implications for instructors of LKM, especially when organizing meditation practices with naïve meditators who should be aware of the potential negative emotions elicited by this meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Carrero
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez de Ibarreta
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Carmen Valor
- IIT-School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
| | - Amparo Merino
- School of Business Administration, Universidad Pontificia Comillas-ICADE, Alberto Aguilera, 23, Madrid, 28015, Spain
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DeMaranville J, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Wedding D. The Mediating Role of Precepts and Meditation on Attachment and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1923. [PMID: 37444756 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows that Buddhist precept adherence (i.e., abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxicant use) and meditation practice influence mental health outcomes. This study investigated how Buddhist precept adherence and meditation practice influenced the relationship between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms among Thai adolescents. A total of 453 Thai boarding-school students from 10th-12th grade were recruited from five boarding schools (two purposively selected Buddhist schools and three conveniently selected secular schools). They completed these tools: Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-revised-18, Outcome-Inventory-21: Depression Subscale, Precept Practice Questionnaire, and Inner-Strength-Based Inventory: Meditation. A parallel mediation model analyzed the indirect effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depression through precept adherence and meditation practice. The participants' demographics were 16.35 ± 0.96 years, 88% female, and 89.4% Buddhist. The mean scores for attachment anxiety were 2.7 ± 1.1; attachment avoidance, 2.78 ± 1.2; overall regular precept adherence, 20.1 ± 4.4; regular but not daily meditation, 2.94 ± 1.3; and low depressive symptoms, 3.75 ± 3.4. The standardized indirect effects for attachment anxiety (β = 0.042, 95% CI = 0.022, 0.070) and avoidance (β = 0.024, 95% CI = 0.009, 0.046) on depressive symptoms through meditation and precept adherence were significant. Meditation practice had a significantly higher indirect effect size than precept adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Danny Wedding
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Clinical and Humanistic Psychology, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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Su Y, Sun W, Gan Y, Zhu Q, Liu G, Hui L, Tang H, Liu Z. Mindfulness mediates the relationship between positive parenting and aggression, depression, and suicidal ideation: A longitudinal study in middle school students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1007983. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1007983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has indicated that parenting factors affect the risk of maladaptive psychological outcomes (e.g., aggression, depression, or suicidal ideation), and that positive parenting is a prospective risk factor for maladaptive psychological outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationships between positive parenting, mindfulness, and maladaptive psychological outcomes remain unknown, as do the processes that mediate the effect of positive parenting on maladaptive psychological outcomes in adolescents. The objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between positive parenting, mindfulness, and maladaptive psychological outcomes in middle school students, as well as the mediating effect of mindfulness in the relationships between positive parenting and depression, aggression, and suicidal ideation. In this study, 386 middle school children (aged 12–16) were tested three times over a period of 6 months. Positive parenting was assessed at Time 1, mindfulness at Time 2, and depression, aggression, and suicidal ideation at Time 3. Using structural equation modeling, positive parenting was revealed to be longitudinally associated with mindfulness and negatively associated with maladaptive psychological outcomes. More crucially, mindfulness mediated the relationship between positive parenting and maladaptive psychological outcomes. This research provides important insights into how to effectively decrease adolescent maladaptive psychological outcomes and highlights the importance of teaching mindfulness to youths.
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Zhou L, Lin Y, Li W, Du J, Xu W. Mindfulness, attachment, and relationship satisfaction among heterosexual college student couples: An actor-partner interdependence model analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Al-Yagon M, Borenstein T. Adolescents' executive functions: Links to inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, trait mindfulness, and attachment relationships with fathers and mothers. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 124:104212. [PMID: 35278837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Considering the important role of executive functions (EF) for adjustment across the lifespan, this study aimed to deepen understanding of protective/risk factors for EF in a potentially vulnerable population: adolescents with ADHD. This study compared adolescents with versus without ADHD for differences in EF, attachment relationships with fathers/mothers, and trait mindfulness and investigated these possible protective/risk factors' contributions to EF in both adolescent groups. METHODS Ninth graders (N = 91; 49 boys, 42 girls) ages 14-15 years (M = 14.50, SD = 0.50) comprised 45 with ADHD and 46 with typical development (TD). Adolescents completed three self-reports (trait mindfulness, attachment to mother/father). Mothers rated their adolescents' ADHD symptoms and EF. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Significantly more maladaptive outcomes emerged for adolescents with ADHD than TD in their EF, attachment with mothers, and mindfulness. Regression analyses demonstrated the significant risk posed by ADHD symptoms and the protection offered by trait mindfulness and attachment with fathers in explaining EF. Discussion focused on understanding these protective/risk factors' possibly unique and complementary roles, suggesting interventions for adolescents with ADHD in family and school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tal Borenstein
- School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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11
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Jankowski T, Bąk W, Miciuk Ł. Adaptive self-concept as a predictor of dispositional mindfulness. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Attachment and well-being: Mediatory roles of mindfulness, psychological inflexibility, and resilience. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Huang Y, Yeh K. Attachment differences in psychological distress: The mediating roles of filial piety and mindfulness. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Lien Huang
- Department of Psychology Fo Guang University Yilan Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Hui Yeh
- Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Psychology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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Busby DM, Hanna-Walker VR, Leavitt CE, Carroll JS. The sexual wholeness model: An initial evaluation with two samples. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:643-664. [PMID: 34003492 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the psychological needs delimited in self-determination theory, we created the sexual wholeness model to encapsulate the different dimensions (physical, emotional, and meaning) that create couple sexuality. We evaluated the model with data from two national samples (Sample 1, n = 610; Sample 2, n = 884), by examining the association between sexual, relationship, and life satisfaction, and attachment with the different elements of the sexual wholeness model using harmonious sexual passion as an intermediate variable. The emotional dimension had the strongest associations in both samples with harmonious sexual passion and all other outcomes except attachment. The physical dimension of sexuality had a surprisingly strong association with attachment and sexual satisfaction. In addition, couples' self-evaluation of the degree of sexual wholeness in their relationship was strongly associated with harmonious passion and all other outcomes, providing another level of validity to the dimensions of the model and the potential utility for using this model to assist in couple therapy.
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15
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Meditation and Five Precepts Mediate the Relationship between Attachment and Resilience. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030371. [PMID: 35327743 PMCID: PMC8947555 DOI: 10.3390/children9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secure attachment is fundamental to the development of resilience among adolescents. The present study investigated whether meditation and precept practices influence the relationship between attachment and resilience. This study recruited 453 10th−12th-grade boarding school students who completed the Experience of Close Relationship Questionnaire (revised), Resilience Inventory, Inner Strength-Based Inventory, and Precept Practice to assess attachment, resilience, meditation practice, and precepts adherence. The participants’ mean age was 16.35 ± 0.96 years; 87.9% were females, and 89.2% were Buddhists. A parallel mediation model within the structural equation framework was used for an analysis of the indirect effect of attachment on resilience through meditation and precept practices. The indirect effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance on resilience were β = −0.086, 95% CI = −0.125, −0.054, p < 0.001, and β = −0.050, 95% CI = −0.088, −0.021, p = 0.006, respectively. The indirect effect size resulting from meditation was significantly higher than that resulting from observance of the precepts. The parallel mediation model explained the 33% variance of the resilience scores, compared with 23% from the direct effect of attachment anxiety and avoidance only. This work provides evidence that meditation and precepts significantly affect the relationship between attachment and resilience.
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Lucas-Thompson RG, Miller RL, Seiter NS. Dispositional Mindfulness is Cross-Sectionally Predicted by Interactions between Interparental Conflict and Parent-Child Relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 172. [PMID: 34483419 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Theory emphasizes the importance of the family environment for the development of dispositional mindfulness, but past research has focused exclusively on parent-child attachment relationships as family-level predictors of mindfulness. Our goal was to examine unique and joint associations of both interparental conflict and parent-child relationship quality with dispositional mindfulness. Participants were 150 youth (14-21 yrs) who reported the warmth and support in their relationships with mothers and fathers separately, as well as their appraisals of the properties of their parents' conflict, how threatening that conflict is, and how responsible for it they feel, in addition to dispositional mindfulness. Results indicated consistent interactions between conflict properties and mother-child relationship quality in relation to dispositional mindfulness. Dispositional mindfulness was lowest for youth who reported low levels of frequent/intense interparental conflict and poor-quality relationships with mothers. In contrast, either self-blame/threat or poor-quality relationships with mothers predicted lower levels of dispositional mindfulness. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
| | - Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
| | - Natasha S Seiter
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University; 1570 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1570
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The Role of Mindfulness in the Intimate Relationships and Psychological Wellbeing in Emerging Adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10070259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of mindfulness on psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance in couple relationships. In emerging adulthood, intimate relationships are associated with life satisfaction and changes that can cause psychological maladjustment. This study seeks to determine if dispositional mindfulness acts as a protective variable between psychological wellbeing, anxiety, and avoidance and identify the factors that are protectors. A sample was obtained of 391 young university students between 18 and 25 years old. The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale were used. The results show that the highest levels of dispositional mindfulness are associated with greater psychological wellbeing. Dispositional mindfulness cannot act as a protective variable against anxiety and avoidance, and values were non-significant in intimate relationships. It is necessary to continue investigating the most protective facets of mindfulness for both anxiety and avoidance.
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18
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Erkan I, Kafesçioğlu N, Cavdar A, Zeytinoğlu-Saydam S. Romantic relationship experiences and emotion regulation strategies of regular mindfulness meditation practitioners: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2021; 47:629-647. [PMID: 33275285 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using attachment theory as the framework, this qualitative study focused on the romantic relationship experiences of regular mindfulness meditators and their meditation-naïve or nonregularly meditating partners (NMPs). The sample consisted of eight heterosexual and two same-sex couples. Thematic analysis (TA) yielded seven themes on three levels. Three intrapersonal themes were (a) meta-awareness of one's emotional strategies; (b) shift in emotion regulation strategies; and (c) shift in relationship with oneself. The relationship-level themes of meditators emerged as (d) experiential shift in stressful situations; (e) transformation of the emotional bond; and (f) transformation of the romantic relationship; the nonmeditating partners confirmed the relational and individual shifts due to their partner's practice. Integrating attachment theory with meditation practice can thus be a valuable approach for couple and family therapy. A regular meditation practice of even just one of the partners may be beneficial for the couple relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itır Erkan
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Alev Cavdar
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Bilgi University, İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Unraveling the effect of mindfulness on romantic relational aggression: A multiple mediation model. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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McDonald HM, Sherman KA, Kasparian NA. Factors associated with psychological distress among Australian women during pregnancy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhang B, Peng Y, Luo XS, Mao HL, Luo YH, Hu RT, Xiong SC. Mobile phone addiction and cognitive failures in Chinese adolescents: The role of rumination and mindfulness. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2020.1871239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-sen Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-li Mao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-hong Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-ting Hu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-cheng Xiong
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Goodman RJ, Trapp SK, Park ES, Davis JL. Opening minds by supporting needs: do autonomy and competence support facilitate mindfulness and academic performance? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-020-09577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stevenson JC, Millings A, Emerson LM, Sirois F, Rowe AC. Adult attachment and Mindfulness: Examining directionality, causality, and theoretical implications. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gazder T, Stanton SCE. Partners' Relationship Mindfulness Promotes Better Daily Relationship Behaviours for Insecurely Attached Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197267. [PMID: 33027896 PMCID: PMC7579090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attachment anxiety and avoidance are generally associated with detrimental relationship processes, including more negative and fewer positive relationship behaviours. However, recent theoretical and empirical evidence has shown that positive factors can buffer insecure attachment. We hypothesised that relationship mindfulness (RM)-open or receptive attention to and awareness of what is taking place internally and externally in a current relationship-may promote better day-to-day behaviour for both anxious and avoidant individuals, as mindfulness improves awareness of automatic responses, emotion regulation, and empathy. In a dyadic daily experience study, we found that, while an individual's own daily RM did not buffer the effects of their own insecure attachment on same-day relationship behaviours, their partner's daily RM did, particularly for attachment avoidance. Our findings for next-day relationship behaviours, on the other hand, showed that lower (vs. higher) prior-day RM was associated with higher positive partner behaviours on the following day for avoidant individuals and those with anxious partners, showing this may be an attempt to "make up" for the previous day. These findings support the Attachment Security Enhancement Model and have implications for examining different forms of mindfulness over time and for mindfulness training.
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Examining the correlates of psychological flexibility in romantic relationship and family dynamics: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The Mediating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Parental and Romantic Attachment. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-020-09362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Quickert RE, MacDonald TK. Being in the Moment So You Can Keep Moving Forward: Mindfulness and Rumination Mediate the Relationship between Attachment Orientations and Negative Conflict Styles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6472. [PMID: 32899508 PMCID: PMC7559327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attachment insecurity has been associated with negative behaviors during conflict and decreased relationship satisfaction. We theorize that individuals high in attachment anxiety and/or avoidance are less mindful during conflict with their romantic partners, and thus more likely to ruminate. Decreased mindfulness and higher levels of rumination may be important mechanisms in the relationship between attachment insecurity and conflict behavior, as it may be more difficult to engage in constructive problem-solving skills when one is distracted from the present moment. We conducted an online survey assessing 360 participants' attachment orientations, levels of mindfulness and rumination, behavior during conflict, and experience with mindfulness activities. Using a serial mediation model, we found that mindfulness and rumination mediated the relationship between attachment insecurity and negative conflict behaviors. We further discovered that individuals high in attachment insecurity were more likely to report negative experiences with mindfulness activities (i.e., meditation and yoga), and that this relationship was mediated by higher levels of experiential avoidance, or a fear of engaging with one's own thoughts and feelings. We discuss the importance of increasing mindfulness and decreasing both rumination and experiential avoidance to assist individuals high in attachment insecurity in navigating relationship conflict using more constructive and relationship-promoting strategies.
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Condon P, Makransky J. Recovering the Relational Starting Point of Compassion Training: A Foundation for Sustainable and Inclusive Care. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:1346-1362. [PMID: 32745440 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620922200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of compassion through meditation training is of increasing interest to scientists, health-care providers, educators, and policymakers as an approach to help address challenging personal and social issues. Yet people encounter critical inner psychological barriers to compassion that limit the effectiveness of compassion training-including the lack of a secure base, aversion to suffering, feeling alone in suffering, and reductive impressions of others. These barriers emerge, in part, from a lack of relational support and are exacerbated by modernist conceptions that present meditation as an autonomous, self-help practice. This article proposes a solution centered on relationality that is derived from the integration of diverse areas of psychology with contemplative traditions. Theories and findings from social, developmental, and health psychology can inform meditation programs and help recover important relational elements of compassion training from traditional cultures that address common barriers to compassion and thus promote more sustainable and inclusive care. In so doing, this article illustrates the value of psychological theories for translating important contextual elements from contemplative traditions into diverse modern settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Condon
- Department of Psychology, Southern Oregon University
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Deits-Lebehn C, Smith TW, Grove JL, Williams PG, Uchino BN. Dispositional mindfulness, nonattachment, and experiential avoidance in the interpersonal circumplex. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Saban M, Dagan E, Drach-Zahavy A. The Relationship Between Mindfulness, Triage Accuracy, and Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Department: A Moderation-Mediation Model. J Emerg Nurs 2019; 45:644-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Mikulincer M, Agam T, Shaver PR. A secure base for mindful dreaming: dispositional and contextually variable attachment security and the experiential quality of dreams. Attach Hum Dev 2019; 22:606-626. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2019.1666288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mikulincer
- School of Psychology for Mikulincer and Agam, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Tali Agam
- School of Psychology for Mikulincer and Agam, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Phillip R. Shaver
- Department of Psychology for Shaver, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Bögels SM, Emerson LM. The mindful family: a systemic approach to mindfulness, relational functioning, and somatic and mental health. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 28:138-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Heylen J, De Raedt R, Rocklage MD, Fazio RH, Vasey MW, Bosmans G. From trust in caregivers' support to exploration: The role of openness to negative affect and self-regulation. Scand J Psychol 2019; 60:309-322. [PMID: 31197848 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attachment theory assumes that trust in caregivers' support and exploration are closely related. Little research tried to investigate this link, nor focuses on mechanisms that might explain this association. The present studies examined whether trust is related to exploration through a serial indirect effect of openness to negative affect and self-regulation. In Study 1, 212 children, aged 8-13, completed questionnaires assessing trust, openness to negative affect, self-regulation and exploration. The results showed that trust predicted exploration, but only to the extent to which openness to negative affect and self-regulation were involved too. Study 2 refined these findings (n = 59, aged 9-12) using a behavioral measure of openness to negative affect and exploration, and with mother-reported self-regulation. Replicating this serial indirect effect of openness to negative affect and self-regulation with multiple informants and methods, the present studies advance our understanding of how trust might foster exploration in preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Heylen
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Guy Bosmans
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Altan-Atalay A. Interpersonal emotion regulation: Associations with attachment and reinforcement sensitivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Don
- Department of Social Sciences, Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, OR, USA
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Berkovich-Ohana A, Jennings PA, Lavy S. Contemplative neuroscience, self-awareness, and education. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 244:355-385. [PMID: 30732845 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating research in education shows that contemplative practices contribute to and foster well-being of individuals in sustainable ways. This bears special importance for teachers, as it affects not only them but also their students. Based on accumulating behavioral and neuroscientific findings, it has been suggested that a key process by which mindfulness meditation enhances self-regulation is the altering of self-awareness. Indeed, accumulated work shows that the underlying networks supporting various types of self-awareness are malleable following meditative practice. However, the field of education has developed independently from the study of the self and its relation to contemplative neuroscience thus far, and to date there is no systematic account linking this accumulating body of knowledge to the field of education or discussing how it might be relevant to teachers. Here we show how incorporating insights from contemplative neuroscience-which are built on the conceptualization and neuroscience of the self-into contemplative pedagogy can inform the field and might even serve as a core underlying mechanism tying together different empirical evidence. This review points to potential neural mechanisms by which mindfulness meditation helps teachers manage stress and promote supportive learning environments, resulting in improved educational outcomes, and thus it has significant implications for educational policy regarding teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Berkovich-Ohana
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shiri Lavy
- Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Empatía y mindfulness como factores mentalizadores intervinientes en las relaciones entre el apego y la sensibilidad interpersonal en mujeres. ANSIEDAD Y ESTRÉS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anyes.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Chen X, He J, Fan X, Cai Z. Attachments, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological distress: A mediation analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Fujisaki C. A Study Evaluating Mindfulness and Naikan-Based Therapy: AEON-HO for Attachment Style, Self-Actualization, and Depression. Psychol Rep 2018; 123:239-251. [PMID: 30458674 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118811106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AEON-HO (Altering emotional organization-holistic operation) contains methods of Naikan therapy and mindfulness. Naikan and mindfulness are originally from Buddhism tradition, and they have a high affinity. AEON-HO was conceptualized to improve attachment issues and the growth of self-actualization, because Naikan and mindfulness are known to be effective for attachment issues but partially if they are used independently. Naikan can approach to attachment avoidance, while mindfulness can approach to attachment anxiety. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of AEON-HO on attachment styles, self-actualization, and depression by using “attachment style scale the Experiences in Close Relationships inventory–the generalized–other–version (ECR-GO),” “self-actualization scale” translated to Japanese, and “center for epidemiologic studies for depression scale.” Participants have taken these three psychological questionnaires before and after the eight-week program of AEON-HO, and the results of scales were compared. Participants were 36 adults with a mean age of 49 years ( SD = 3.9). Changes in two attachment styles, anxiety and avoidance and depressive state, were observed between pre- and posttest, while there were no significant changes in self-actualization. However, attachment anxiety and self-actualization were correlated negatively in pre- and posttest, while attachment avoidance and self-actualization were correlated negatively only in pretest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Fujisaki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokushima Bunri Daigaku, Japan
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Valikhani A, Abbasi Z, Radman E, Goodarzi MA, Moustafa AA. Insecure Attachment and Subclinical Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Three-Dimensional Model of Personality Self-Regulation As a Mediator. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 152:548-572. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1468727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Abbasi
- Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch
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Stötter A, Harrer ME, Mosgoeller W, Endler PC, Haring C. [Achtsame Massage und Achtsamkeitsschulung (Insightouch®) bei Depressionen, psychosomatischen und Bindungsstörungen]. Complement Med Res 2018; 26:4-12. [PMID: 30261502 DOI: 10.1159/000492060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund: Bindungsstörungen können das Auftreten von Angst und Depression begünstigen, lassen sich aber durch korrigierende emotionale Erfahrungen verändern. Eine Massage - insbesondere wenn beide, Masseur (m/w) und Klient, sich in einem Zustand der Achtsamkeit befinden - kann eine solche korrigierende Erfahrung vermitteln. In der vorliegenden Interventionsstudie wurden die Auswirkungen von Insightouch® - einer Kombination von achtsamkeitsbasierter Massage mit Achtsamkeitsschulung - untersucht. Teilnehmer und Methoden: Wir rekrutierten 36 Personen mit psychischen Beschwerden, geringer Bindungsfähigkeit und geringer Achtsamkeit. In Intervallen von 8 Wochen wurden mittels validierter Fragebögen Parameter wie psychosomatische Symptome (Brief Symptom Inventory), Bindungsqualitäten (Adult Attachment Scale) und Achtsamkeit (Freiburger Achtsamkeitsfragebogen) erhoben. Die Hälfte der Teilnehmer (Gruppe A) startete mit der 8-wöchigen Behandlungsphase; nach weiteren 8 Wochen ohne Behandlung wurde die Nachhaltigkeit der Behandlungswirkung dokumentiert. Die Teilnehmer der Gruppe B starteten mit einer 8-wöchigen Wartephase (Kontrollphase ohne Behandlung), gefolgt von der Behandlungsphase. Ergebnisse: Während sich nach der Kontrollphase keine signifikanten Änderungen zeigten, bewirkte die aktive Behandlung statistisch signifikante Besserungen der 1) Symptomatik, 2) Bindungsdefizite und 3) Achtsamkeit. Nach der 8-wöchigen Nachbeobachtungsphase waren die psychischen und die bindungsbezogenen Symptome weiter verbessert; die behandlungsbedingt erhöhte Fähigkeit zur Achtsamkeit blieb hoch. Schlussfolgerung: Insightouch als primär nonverbale Intervention erhöht die Bindungsfähigkeit, verbessert psychosomatische Symptome und erhöht nachhaltig die Fähigkeit zur Achtsamkeit.
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Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology in mothers? J Adolesc 2018; 68:22-31. [PMID: 30014953 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate whether mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness differ as a function of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and to explore the moderating role of these symptoms on the relationship between mindful parenting and adolescents' dispositional mindfulness. A sample of 685 mother-adolescent dyads was collected in Portuguese public schools. Mothers completed self-reported measures of mindful parenting and symptoms of anxiety and depression, and adolescents (aged 10-18 years) completed a measure of dispositional mindfulness. Mothers with clinically significant symptomatology levels reported lower levels of mindful parenting than those with normal symptomatology. Almost all mindful parenting dimensions were significantly associated with adolescents' mindfulness, but only under lower or moderate levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology. These findings suggest that parental factors play a key role in adolescents' mindfulness skills and underline the detrimental effect of maternal psychopathology on mindful parenting and on its link with adolescents' mindfulness.
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Moreira H, Gouveia MJ, Canavarro MC. Is Mindful Parenting Associated with Adolescents' Well-being in Early and Middle/Late Adolescence? The Mediating Role of Adolescents' Attachment Representations, Self-Compassion and Mindfulness. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1771-1788. [PMID: 29392524 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that mindful parenting, a parenting approach that involves the practice of bringing mindful awareness to the parent-child relationship, is associated with several positive psychosocial outcomes in adolescents. However, only a few studies have investigated the mechanisms that may underlie that association. This study explores whether the link between mindful parenting and adolescents' well-being is mediated by adolescents' attachment representations, self-compassion and mindfulness skills. The sample comprised 563 parent-child dyads (95.6% mothers). Adolescents (61.5% girls) had a mean age of 14.26 years (SD = 1.66, range = 12-20). Parents completed a measure of mindful parenting, and adolescents completed measures of attachment representations, self-compassion, mindfulness, and well-being. Mindful parenting was indirectly associated with adolescents' self-compassion and mindfulness through a more secure perception of the relationship with the parents, and was indirectly associated with adolescents' well-being through perceived attachment security, self-compassion and mindfulness. The path model was invariant across stages of adolescence but some relations in the model varied across gender. Self-compassion and mindfulness seem to develop within a parent-child relationship characterized by affection, self-regulation, and mindful awareness. These two resources, along with mindful parenting and positive representations of the parent-child relationship, are associated with adolescents' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Cognitive-Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Gouveia
- Cognitive-Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Cognitive-Behavioral Center for Research and Intervention, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3030-115, Coimbra, Portugal
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Pickard JA, Townsend ML, Caputi P, Grenyer BF. TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL INFORMATION PROCESSING AND MINDFULNESS AS PREDICTORS IN MATERNAL-INFANT INTERACTION. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 39:44-54. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arpaci I, Baloğlu M, Özteke Kozan Hİ, Kesici Ş. Individual Differences in the Relationship Between Attachment and Nomophobia Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e404. [PMID: 29242179 PMCID: PMC5746620 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing interest in nomophobia, which is defined as the fear of being out of cellular phone contact, or "feelings of discomfort or anxiety experienced by individuals when they are unable to use their mobile phones or utilize the affordances these devices provide”. However, only limited research can be found in terms of its determinants at present. Contemporary literature suggests that the relationships among attachment styles, mindfulness, and nomophobia have not been investigated. Objective This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of mindfulness on the relationship between attachment and nomophobia. In addition, the study also focuses on gender differences in attachment, mindfulness, and nomophobia. A theory-based structural model was tested to understand the essentials of the associations between the constructs. Methods The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Nomophobia Questionnaire, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used to collect data from undergraduate students (N=450; 70.9% women [319/450]; mean age=21.94 years [SD 3.61]). Two measurement models (ie, attachment and mindfulness) and a structural model were specified, estimated, and evaluated. Results The structural equation model shows that the positive direct effects of avoidant (.13, P=.03) and anxious attachment (.48, P<.001) on nomophobia were significant. The negative direct effects of avoidant (−.18, P=.01) and anxious attachment (−.33, P<.001) on mindfulness were also significant. Moreover, mindfulness has a significant negative effect on nomophobia for women only (−.13, P=.03). Finally, the Sobel test showed that the indirect effects of avoidant and anxious attachment on nomophobia via mindfulness were significant (P<.001). The direct and indirect effects of anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, and mindfulness altogether accounted for 33% of the total variance in nomophobia. Gender comparison results show that there is a significant difference in attachment based on gender (F2,447=6.97, P=.01, Wilk λ=.97, partial η2=.03). Women (mean 68.46 [SD 16.96]) scored significantly higher than men (mean 63.59 [SD 15.97]) in anxious attachment (F1=7.93, P=.01, partial η2=.02). Gender differences in mindfulness were not significant (F4,448=3.45, P=.69). On the other hand, results do show significant gender differences in nomophobia (F4,445=2.71, P=.03, Wilk λ=.98, partial η2=.02) where women scored significantly higher than men. Conclusions In general, individuals who are emotionally more dependent and crave more closeness and attention in the relationship tend to display higher levels of fear or discomfort when they have no access to their mobile phones. However, gender has a differential impact on the relationship between avoidant attachment and nomophobia. This study establishes the impact of mindfulness on nomophobia for women; therefore, future studies should test the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy approaches and confirm whether they are effective and efficient. On the basis of significant gender difference in nomophobia and attachment, we conclude that gender should be taken into account in mindfulness-based treatments dealing with nomophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Arpaci
- Department of Computers and Instructional Technologies, Faculty of Education, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Baloğlu
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice İrem Özteke Kozan
- Department of Counseling, Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Şahin Kesici
- Department of Counseling, Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Martin D, Gillath O, Deboeck P, Lang K, Kerr B. Changes in Attachment Security and Mindfulness as Predictors of Changes in Depression and General Anxiety. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.9.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dudley J, Eames C, Mulligan J, Fisher N. Mindfulness of voices, self-compassion, and secure attachment in relation to the experience of hearing voices. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 57:1-17. [PMID: 28801978 PMCID: PMC5811822 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Developing compassion towards oneself has been linked to improvement in many areas of psychological well‐being, including psychosis. Furthermore, developing a non‐judgemental, accepting way of relating to voices is associated with lower levels of distress for people who hear voices. These factors have also been associated with secure attachment. This study explores associations between the constructs of mindfulness of voices, self‐compassion, and distress from hearing voices and how secure attachment style related to each of these variables. Design Cross‐sectional online. Method One hundred and twenty‐eight people (73% female; Mage = 37.5; 87.5% Caucasian) who currently hear voices completed the Self‐Compassion Scale, Southampton Mindfulness of Voices Questionnaire, Relationships Questionnaire, and Hamilton Programme for Schizophrenia Voices Questionnaire. Results Results showed that mindfulness of voices mediated the relationship between self‐compassion and severity of voices, and self‐compassion mediated the relationship between mindfulness of voices and severity of voices. Self‐compassion and mindfulness of voices were significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with distress and severity of voices. Conclusion Mindful relation to voices and self‐compassion are associated with reduced distress and severity of voices, which supports the proposed potential benefits of mindful relating to voices and self‐compassion as therapeutic skills for people experiencing distress by voice hearing. Practitioner points Greater self‐compassion and mindfulness of voices were significantly associated with less distress from voices. These findings support theory underlining compassionate mind training. Mindfulness of voices mediated the relationship between self‐compassion and distress from voices, indicating a synergistic relationship between the constructs. Although the current findings do not give a direction of causation, consideration is given to the potential impact of mindful and compassionate approaches to voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dudley
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Catrin Eames
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Naomi Fisher
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancashire, UK
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Stevenson JC, Emerson LM, Millings A. The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Orientation and Mindfulness: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mindfulness (N Y) 2017; 8:1438-1455. [PMID: 29201245 PMCID: PMC5693974 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness can be measured as an individual trait, which varies between individuals. In recent years, research has investigated the overlap between trait mindfulness and attachment. The aim of the present review and meta-analysis was to investigate the current evidence linking adult attachment dimensions to trait mindfulness dimensions, and to quantitatively synthesize these findings using meta-analyses. A systematic literature search was conducted using five scientific databases of which, upon review, 33 articles met inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journals and dissertations published in English that relied on quantitative methods using reliable and validated self-report measures where study participants were aged 16 years and older. Random-effects model meta-analytic procedures were used to investigate the relationship between both constructs. Cross-sectional studies found significant negative correlations between adult attachment insecurity, on either dimension (anxiety or avoidance) and both total mindfulness score and all five sub-dimensions of mindfulness (act with awareness, observe, describe, non-reacting, and non-judging), with the exception of a non-significant positive correlation between attachment anxiety and observe. The effect size of the relationships ranged from small to medium. The overall mean effect sizes were moderate (anxiety, r+ = .34; avoidance, r+ = -.28), with both attachment dimensions associated with lower levels of total mindfulness. Results are discussed in relation to theory and research. Implications for future research include the need to utilize longitudinal design to address causality and mechanisms of the relationship between these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie C. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK
| | - Lisa-Marie Emerson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK
| | - Abigail Millings
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK
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49
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Warren MT, Wray-Lake L. Does mindfulness prepare adolescents for value-behavior concordance? Examining the role of value content. J Adolesc 2017; 58:56-66. [PMID: 28499142 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Great thinkers throughout history advocated living one's values, yet little research has examined factors that contribute to adolescents' value-behavior concordance (VBC). Mindfulness may foster VBC via heightened awareness of values, but VBC for intrinsic values may be more adaptive than VBC for extrinsic values. To situate mindfulness in developmental context, we examined age and attachment security as predictors of mindfulness. We collected self- and parent-report data from 299 families (Mage-adolescents = 14.45, SD = 1.68; 51% female) from 42 US states to test these ideas. Results indicated that mindfulness was positively associated with intrinsic VBC but was negatively linked with extrinsic VBC, and both kinds of VBC partially mediated the link from mindfulness to meaning (but not life satisfaction). Attachment security was associated with higher mindfulness. Overall, mindfulness may deliver its benefits by helping young people avoid behaviors that align with extrinsic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Warren
- Institute for the Study of Human Flourishing, The University of Oklahoma, United States.
| | - Laura Wray-Lake
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
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50
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Pickard JA, Townsend M, Caputi P, Grenyer BFS. OBSERVING THE INFLUENCE OF MINDFULNESS AND ATTACHMENT STYLES THROUGH MOTHER AND INFANT INTERACTION: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:343-350. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judy A. Pickard
- University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| | - Michelle Townsend
- University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| | - Peter Caputi
- University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
| | - Brin F. S. Grenyer
- University of Wollongong Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute; Northfields Avenue Wollongong New South Wales Australia 2522
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