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Demidoff FC, Costa PRR, Caleffi GS. Advances in the synthesis of rearranged homoisoflavonoids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4839-4863. [PMID: 38819298 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rearranged homoisoflavonoids constitute a unique group of natural products, renowned for their structural diversity and complexity. These compounds, derived from modifications in the 3-benzylchroman skeleton, are categorized into four subclasses: brazilin, caesalpin, protosappanin, and scillascillin homoisoflavonoids. This review examines the advancements in the total synthesis of these complex structures, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities encountered. A comparative analysis of the strategies employed thus far to synthesize these compounds provides a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Demidoff
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560 Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Chablé-Vega MA, García-Hernández E, Martínez-Heredia JE, Villalpando-Aguilar JL, Arreola-Enríquez J, López-Rosas I, Alatorre-Cobos F. The return of natural dyes: the case of logwood tree ( Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Biotech Histochem 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38869850 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2024.2367535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a worldwide reassessment of natural dyes has occurred, driven by the health and environmental issues associated with synthetic dyes. Haematoxylum campechianum L. is a tropical tree from which wood extracts were widely used in the textile industry during the 16th century. The logwood tree extract serves as a contemporary source of hematoxylin, a key dye in the globally prevalent hematoxylin-eosin staining method, a cornerstone in histopathological procedures. This paper will initially explore the re-emergence of natural dyes. Subsequently, it will focus on the historical, conventional, and innovative applications of logwood in the fields of medicine, histopathology, and nanotechnology, along with the status and alternative uses of the hematoxylin-eosin stain. Lastly, this paper will examine the current state of conservation and utilization of Haematoxylum campechianum in Campeche, Mexico, a leading global producer of hematoxylin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Itzel López-Rosas
- Technological Institute of China, National Technological Institute of Mexico, Chiná, México
| | - Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Campeche, Campeche, México
- Conahcyt-Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biología Integrativa, Merida, México
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Alyami NM, Alnakhli ZA, Alshiban NM, Maodaa S, Almuhaini GA, Almeer R, Alshora D, Ibrahim M. Oral administration of proniosomal glibenclamide formulation protects testicular tissue from hyperglycemia fluctuations and ROS via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31283. [PMID: 38813164 PMCID: PMC11133806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes causes high blood sugar due to insulin malfunction and is linked to male infertility. Using proniosomes can enhance the effectiveness of Glibenclamide, a medication that stimulates insulin secretion. In our study, male rats with diabetes were treated with GLB with or without proniosomal for 14 days. Proniosomal formulations maintained glucose levels prevented weight loss and showed normal testicular tissue. GLB-proniosomal reduces ROS caused by T2DM through Nrf2, HO-1 pathway and increases CAT, SOD, and GSH production in response to insulin and glucose uptake. The reference and proniosomal treatments showed CAT and SOD significant enzymatic elevation compared to the positive and negative control. CAT significantly correlated with Gpx4 expression with P = 0.0169 and r = 0.98; similarly, the enzymatic activity of SOD also showed a positive correlation between the average glucose levels (r = 0.99 and P = 0.0037). Intestinally, GSH analysis revealed that only proniosomal-GLB samples are significantly elevated from the positive control, with a P value of 0.0210. The data showed proniosomal-GLB was more effective than pure GLB, confirmed by higher Nrf2 (2.050 folds), HO-1 (2.148 folds), and GPx4 (1.9 folds) transcript levels relative to the control with less sample diversity compared to the reference samples, indicating proniosomal stabilized GLB in the blood. Administering GLB and proniosomes formulation has effectively restored testicular function and sperm production in diabetic rats by regulating ROS levels and upregulating anti-ROS in response to glucose uptake. These findings may lead to better treatments for diabetic patients who have infertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M. Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab A. Alnakhli
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M. Alshiban
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghufran A. Almuhaini
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ghosh SK, Walocha JA. Evolution of staining methods in neuroanatomy: Impetus for emanation of neuron doctrine during the turn of 20th century. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38523436 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system is distinctive as compared to other tissue systems in human body owing to intricate structural organization. Histological studies played a key role in unveiling complex details of nervous tissue. However, the process of developing suitable staining method for nerve cells was arduous and spanned across almost half a century. The present study explored details of the journey involving quest for propitious staining method in neuroanatomy culminating in promulgation of neuron doctrine at the onset of 20th century. Initial efforts involving hematoxylin (including its diverse modifications) and subsequent adoption of analogous dye-based stains (like Nissl's method) had limited success in visualization of different parts of a nerve cell and structural details of nervous tissue. This was due to inability of dye-based stains to penetrate the connective tissue sheath of nervous tissue. Eventually, advent of metallic stains in form of silver impregnation method (Golgi stain), reduced silver impregnation method with gold stain (Cajal's stain) and silver carbonate staining method of Río-Hortega unraveled the structure of nervous tissue. The evolution of staining methods catalyzed the refinement of theories pertinent to constitution of nervous tissue. Golgi's staining led to emergence of reticular theory (neurons exist as a network) and Nissl's staining was the basis of the concept of Nervösen Grau (nerve cells and glial cells are embedded in mass of gray matter). Finally, Cajal's staining method successfully elucidated the complex anatomy of nerve terminals and resulted in emanation of neuron doctrine (neurons exists as individual units with adjacent connections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Ahmed SAA, Gad SEM, Eida OM, Makhlouf LM. Anti-fibrotic Effect of Oral Versus Intraperitoneal Administration of Gold Nanoparticles in Hepatic Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:190-202. [PMID: 37964174 PMCID: PMC11001733 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis significantly impacts public health, as it causes severe morbidity. Infections caused by Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) can be treated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study aims to determine the most effective route of AuNPs administration and the magnitude of its anti-fibrotic effect. METHODS In the five groups' in vivo assay design, AuNPs were administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg) and orally (1 mg/100 g) to S. mansoni-infected mice. Biochemical parameters (serum levels of albumin and liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The histological changes of the liver in distinct groups were evaluated using Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical stains. RESULTS Infection with S. mansoni was associated with substantial changes in the histological architecture of liver tissue and abnormal levels of hepatic function tests (albumin, AST, and ALT). Schistosoma infected hepatocytes exhibited an abnormal microscopic morphology, granuloma formation and aggressive fibrosis. AuNPs restored the liver histological architecture with a highly significant anti-fibrotic effect and significantly corrected hepatic function test levels. Intraperitoneal administration of AuNPs resulted in the most significant anti-fibrotic effect against hepatic S. mansoni infection as observed in all histological sections with Masson's trichrome being the best stain to represent this fact. CONCLUSION For treating S. mansoni-induced chronic liver fibrosis, intraperitoneal administration of AuNPs is a successful and effective route of administration that can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samer Eid Mohamed Gad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Omima Mohamed Eida
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Laila Mohamed Makhlouf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Alyami NM, Alobadi H, Maodaa S, Alothman NS, Almukhlafi H, Yaseen KN, Alnakhli ZA, Alshiban NM, Elnagar DM, Rady A, Alharthi WA, Almetari B, Almeer R, Alarifi S, Ali D. Determination of dose- and time-dependent hepatotoxicity and apoptosis of Lanthanum oxide nanoparticles in female Swiss albino mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17124-17139. [PMID: 38334922 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanosized lanthanum oxide particles (La2O3) are commonly utilized in various industries. The potential health risks associated with La2O3 nanoparticles, cytotoxic effects at varying doses and time intervals, and the mechanisms behind their induction of behavioral changes remain uncertain and necessitate further investigation. Therefore, this study examined in vivo hepatotoxicity, considering the quantity (60, 150, and 300 mg/kg) and time-dependent induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over one week or 21 days. The mice received intraperitoneal injections of three different concentrations in Milli-Q water. Throughout the experiments, no physical changes or weight loss were observed among the groups. However, after 21 days, only the highest concentration showed signs of anxiety in the activity cage (p < 0.05). Subsequently, all animals treated with La2O3 NPs exhibited a significant loss of learning and memory recall using the Active Avoidances test, after 21 days (p < 0.001). Markers for anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly upregulated in response to all concentrations of NPs after seven days compared to the control group. This was confirmed by a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1) and pro-apoptotic Caspase-3 expression at the lowest and highest doses. Additionally, both transcription and protein levels of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 surpassed P53 protein in a dosage-dependent manner, indicating activation of the primary anti-apoptosis pathway. After 21 days, P53 levels exceeded BCL-2 protein levels, confirming a significant loss of BCL-2 mRNA, particularly at the 300 mg/kg concentration. Furthermore, a higher transcription level of Caspase-3, SOD, and Gpx1 was observed, with the highest values detected at the 300 mg/kg concentration, indicating the activation of cell death. Histopathological analysis of the liver illustrated apoptotic bodies resulting from La2O3 NP concentration. The investigation revealed multiple inflammatory foci, cytoplasmic degeneration, steatosis, and DNA fragmentation consistent with increased damage over time due to higher concentrations. Blood samples were also analyzed to determine liver enzymatic changes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipid profiles. The results showed significant differences among all La2O3 NP concentrations, with the most pronounced damage observed at the 300 mg/kg dose even after 21 days. Based on an animal model, this study suggests that La2O3 hepatotoxicity is likely caused by the size and shape of nanoparticles (NPs), following a dose and time-dependent mechanism that induces the production of reactive oxygen species and behavioral changes such as anxiety and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hussah Alobadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah S Alothman
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanouf Almukhlafi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadijah N Yaseen
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab A Alnakhli
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Alshiban
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M Elnagar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed A Alharthi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Almetari
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Macdonald JK, Mehta AS, Drake RR, Angel PM. Molecular analysis of the extracellular microenvironment: from form to function. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:602-620. [PMID: 38509768 PMCID: PMC11049795 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome represents an important component of the tissue microenvironment that controls chemical flux and induces cell signaling through encoded structure. The analysis of the ECM represents an analytical challenge through high levels of post-translational modifications, protease-resistant structures, and crosslinked, insoluble proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the analytical challenges involved in addressing the complexities of spatially profiling the extracellular matrix proteome. A synopsis of the process of synthesizing the ECM structure, detailing inherent chemical complexity, is included to present the scope of the analytical challenge. Current chromatographic and spatial techniques addressing these challenges are detailed. Capabilities for multimodal multiplexing with cellular populations are discussed with a perspective on developing a holistic view of disease processes that includes both the cellular and extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade K Macdonald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Sahiner M, Sunol AK, Sahiner N. Cell Staining Microgels Derived from a Natural Phenolic Dye: Hematoxylin Has Intriguing Biomedical Potential. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:147. [PMID: 38276517 PMCID: PMC10818966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematoxylin (HT) as a natural phenolic dye compound is generally used together with eosin (E) dye as H&E in the histological staining of tissues. Here, we report for the first time the polymeric particle preparation from HT as poly(Hematoxylin) ((p(HT)) microgels via microemulsion method in a one-step using a benign crosslinker, glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE). P(HT) microgels are about 10 µm and spherical in shape with a zeta potential value of -34.6 ± 2.8 mV and an isoelectric point (IEP) of pH 1.79. Interestingly, fluorescence properties of HT molecules were retained upon microgel formation, e.g., the fluorescence emission intensity of p(HT) at 343 nm was about 2.8 times less than that of the HT molecule at λex: 300 nm. P(HT) microgels are hydrolytically degradable and can be controlled by using an amount of crosslinker, GDE, e.g., about 40%, 20%, and 10% of p(HT) microgels was degraded in 15 days in aqueous environments for the microgels prepared at 100, 200, and 300% mole ratios of GDE to HT, respectively. Interestingly, HT molecules at 1000 mg/mL showed 22.7 + 0.4% cell viability whereas the p(HT) microgels exhibited a cell viability of 94.3 + 7.2% against fibroblast cells. Furthermore, even at 2000 mg/mL concentrations of HT and p(HT), the inhibition% of α-glucosidase enzyme were measured as 93.2 ± 0.3 and 81.3 ± 6.3%, respectively at a 0.03 unit/mL enzyme concentration, establishing some potential application of p(HT) microgels for neurogenerative diseases. Moreover, p(HT) microgels showed two times higher MBC values than HT molecules, e.g., 5.0 versus 2.5 mg/mL MIC values against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey;
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Aydin K. Sunol
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, and Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute, 12901 Bruce B Down Blvd, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Longo LHDC, Roberto GF, Tosta TAA, de Faria PR, Loyola AM, Cardoso SV, Silva AB, do Nascimento MZ, Neves LA. Classification of Multiple H&E Images via an Ensemble Computational Scheme. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 26:34. [PMID: 38248160 PMCID: PMC10814107 DOI: 10.3390/e26010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a computational scheme is proposed to identify the main combinations of handcrafted descriptors and deep-learned features capable of classifying histological images stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The handcrafted descriptors were those representatives of multiscale and multidimensional fractal techniques (fractal dimension, lacunarity and percolation) applied to quantify the histological images with the corresponding representations via explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) approaches. The deep-learned features were obtained from different convolutional neural networks (DenseNet-121, EfficientNet-b2, Inception-V3, ResNet-50 and VGG-19). The descriptors were investigated through different associations. The most relevant combinations, defined through a ranking algorithm, were analyzed via a heterogeneous ensemble of classifiers with the support vector machine, naive Bayes, random forest and K-nearest neighbors algorithms. The proposed scheme was applied to histological samples representative of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, oral dysplasia and liver tissue. The best results were accuracy rates of 94.83% to 100%, with the identification of pattern ensembles for classifying multiple histological images. The computational scheme indicated solutions exploring a reduced number of features (a maximum of 25 descriptors) and with better performance values than those observed in the literature. The presented information in this study is useful to complement and improve the development of computer-aided diagnosis focused on histological images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo H. da Costa Longo
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics (DCCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Roberto
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Dr. Roberto Frias, sn, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Thaína A. A. Tosta
- Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Avenida Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes, 1201, São José dos Campos 12247-014, SP, Brazil;
| | - Paulo R. de Faria
- Department of Histology and Morphology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Av. Amazonas, S/N, Uberlândia 38405-320, MG, Brazil;
| | - Adriano M. Loyola
- Area of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), R. Ceará—Umuarama, Uberlândia 38402-018, MG, Brazil; (A.M.L.)
| | - Sérgio V. Cardoso
- Area of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), R. Ceará—Umuarama, Uberlândia 38402-018, MG, Brazil; (A.M.L.)
| | - Adriano B. Silva
- Faculty of Computer Science (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Bl.B, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Z. do Nascimento
- Faculty of Computer Science (FACOM), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Avenida João Naves de Ávila 2121, Bl.B, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. Neves
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics (DCCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
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Alshora D, Ibrahim M, Alanazi N, Alowyid M, Ali Alnakhli Z, Mohammed Alshiban N, Maodaa S, Alyami NM, Alotaibi I. Formulation of Glibenclamide proniosomes for oral administration: Pharmaceutical and pharmacodynamics evaluation. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101830. [PMID: 38028219 PMCID: PMC10666557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glibenclamide (GB), oral antidiabetic sulfonylurea, is used in the management of diabetes mellitus type II. It suffers from low bioavailability due to low water solubility. This work aimed to enhance the dissolution of GB by formulating the drug as a proniosomes which then improves the pharmacological effect. GB proniosomal formulations were prepared using a slurry method with sucrose as a carrier. The formulations were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency %, flow properties of the powder, and in vitro dissolution study. The pharmacological effect was also assessed by determining and measuring the fasting blood glucose level (BGL) before and after the treatment. Formulating GB proniosomes with the slurry method produces a free-flowing powder with a particle size range from 190.050 ± 43.204 to 1369.333 ± 150.407 nm and the zeta potential was above 20 mV (-24 to -58 mV), indicating good stability. The dissolution rate for all formulations was higher than that of the pure drug, indicating the efficiency of the proniosome in enhancing the drug solubility. A significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level (73 %) was observed in animals treated with proniosomal formulation with no sign of liver damage. In contrast, the pharmacodynamics results show a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level for animals treated with proniosomes compared to a 17.6 % reduction in BGL after treatment with pure drug. Moreover, the histopathological results showed no sign of liver damage that occurred with proniosomal treatment. GB proniosomal formulations is a promising drug delivery system with good therapeutic efficacy and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Alowyid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Ali Alnakhli
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Mohammed Alshiban
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M. Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Phipps WS, Kilgore MR, Kennedy JJ, Whiteaker JR, Hoofnagle AN, Paulovich AG. Clinical Proteomics for Solid Organ Tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100648. [PMID: 37730181 PMCID: PMC10692389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of biopsied solid organ tissue has long relied on visual examination using a microscope. Immunohistochemistry is critical in this process, labeling and detecting cell lineage markers and therapeutic targets. However, while the practice of immunohistochemistry has reshaped diagnostic pathology and facilitated improvements in cancer treatment, it has also been subject to pervasive challenges with respect to standardization and reproducibility. Efforts are ongoing to improve immunohistochemistry, but for some applications, the benefit of such initiatives could be impeded by its reliance on monospecific antibody-protein reagents and limited multiplexing capacity. This perspective surveys the relevant challenges facing traditional immunohistochemistry and describes how mass spectrometry, particularly liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, could help alleviate problems. In particular, targeted mass spectrometry assays could facilitate measurements of individual proteins or analyte panels, using internal standards for more robust quantification and improved interlaboratory reproducibility. Meanwhile, untargeted mass spectrometry, showcased to date clinically in the form of amyloid typing, is inherently multiplexed, facilitating the detection and crude quantification of 100s to 1000s of proteins in a single analysis. Further, data-independent acquisition has yet to be applied in clinical practice, but offers particular strengths that could appeal to clinical users. Finally, we discuss the guidance that is needed to facilitate broader utilization in clinical environments and achieve standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Phipps
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark R Kilgore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacob J Kennedy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Whiteaker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Amanda G Paulovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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12
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Alfahlawy A, Selim MAA, Hassan HY. Biocompatibility of three different root canal sealers, experimental study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:715. [PMID: 37794396 PMCID: PMC10552196 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was assessed the biocompatibility of three different root canal sealers (Well-Root St, GuttaFlow Bioseal, and AH-Plus) following implantation in rat subcutaneous tissues, using histopathological immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS Four groups of eighty-four male rats each underwent subcutaneous dorsal implantation of a polyethylene tube, either empty or filled. Tissues were collected, fixed, and processed for histological analysis after 7, 15, and 30 d. Slides were photographed and digitally processed to identify lymphocytes and macrophages using Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) markers, respectively. P was set at 0.05, when lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration was compared between groups and observation times using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS Histopathological analysis of all groups revealed an inflammatory reaction followed by the emergence of a fibrous capsule after 7 days. After 30 days, the thickness of the fibrous capsule and the inflammatory response subsided. CD3 staining for immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the AH-Plus group had the highest mean percentage of lymphocyte infiltration at 7 and 15 days, followed by the Well-Root St, GuttaFlow Bioseal, and Control groups. After 30 days, no discernible difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean percentage of lymphocyte infiltration. After 7, 15, and 30 days, there was a significant difference in the mean percentage of macrophage infiltration across the groups, as demonstrated by CD68 staining. After 7, 15, and 30 days, the AH-Plus group had the highest mean percentage of macrophage infiltration, followed by the Well-Root St. and GuttaFlow Bioseal groups, while the control group had the lowest mean percentage. CONCLUSION All observational periods showed minimal inflammatory reactions to GuttaFlow Bioseal. After subcutaneous tissue implantation in a rat model, the initial inflammatory reactions to Well-Root St and AH-Plus had abated by day 30, and all tested sealers had outstanding biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alfahlawy
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manar A A Selim
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hayam Y Hassan
- Professor & Chairman of Endodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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13
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Gabriel JA, D’Amico C, Kosgodage U, Satoc J, Haine N, Willis S, Orchard GE. Evaluation of a New Mordant Based Haematoxylin Dye (Haematoxylin X) for Use in Clinical Pathology. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11591. [PMID: 37818105 PMCID: PMC10560741 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, St John's Dermatopathology Laboratory and CellPath Ltd have developed a new patented haematoxylin dye (Haematoxylin X) that utilises a chromium-based mordant (Chromium Sulphate). In this study, the performance of this new haematoxylin (Haematoxylin X) was compared against some commonly utilised alum-based haematoxylins (Carazzi's, Harris' and Mayer's) when used as a part of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue, special stains, immunohistochemical counterstaining and frozen section (Mohs procedure) staining procedures. FFPE sections of different tissue types and frozen skin tissues were sectioned and stained with each haematoxylin subtype to allow for a direct comparison of staining quality. The slides were independently evaluated microscopically by two assessors. A combined score was generated to determine the sensitivity (defined as the intensity of haematoxylin staining being too weak or too strong and the colour of the haematoxylin staining not being blue/black) and specificity (defined as the presence of haematoxylin background staining, uneven staining, and staining deposits) for each of the four haematoxylin subtypes. The scoring criteria were based on the UKNEQAS Cellular pathology techniques assessment criteria. In FFPE tissue, the results for specificity identified Harris haematoxylin scoring the highest (91.2%) followed by Haematoxylin X (88.0%) and Mayer's (87.0%). The sensitivity scores again identified Harris haematoxylin as scoring the highest (95.1%) followed by Haematoxylin X (90.0%) and Mayer's (88.0%). In frozen tissue, the results for specificity identified Haematoxylin X as scoring the highest (85.5%) followed by Carazzi's (80.7%) and Harris' (77.4%). The sensitivity scores again identified Haematoxylin X as scoring the highest (86.8%) followed by Carazzi's (82.0%) and Harris' (81.0%). The results achieved with all four haematoxylins showed a high degree of comparability, with Harris' haematoxylin scoring high scores overall compared to the other four when assessing FFPE sections. This may have been due to familiarity with the use of Harris' haematoxylin in-house. There was also evidence of more pronounced staining of extracellular mucin proteins with Haematoxylin X compared to the other alum haematoxylins that were assessed. Haematoxylin X scored highest when used in frozen section staining. In addition, Haematoxylin X has a potential applications for use in IHC and special stains procedures as a counterstain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Gabriel
- St. John’s Dermatopathology, Tissue Sciences, Synnovis Analytics, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. D’Amico
- St. John’s Dermatopathology, Tissue Sciences, Synnovis Analytics, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - U. Kosgodage
- St. John’s Dermatopathology, Tissue Sciences, Synnovis Analytics, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. Satoc
- St. John’s Dermatopathology, Tissue Sciences, Synnovis Analytics, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Haine
- CellPath Ltd, Powys, United Kingdom
| | | | - G. E. Orchard
- St. John’s Dermatopathology, Tissue Sciences, Synnovis Analytics, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Ma M, Dong L, Luo B, Hao A, Xing P. V-shaped chiral hosts based on π-extended hematoxylin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11145-11148. [PMID: 37650147 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematoxylin has a V-shaped chiral geometry, but its potential in chiroptical self-assembled materials is underdeveloped. Herein, three novel V-shaped chiral hematoxylin derivatives were synthesized, and they showed extended skeletons as well as photophysical and chiroptical behaviors. Moreover, their host-guest interactions with C60 were investigated. Our findings could aid in the design and synthesis of novel chiral host molecules from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Ma
- College of Basic Medicine & Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design and Synthesis of Jining Medical University & Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang Dong
- College of Basic Medicine & Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design and Synthesis of Jining Medical University & Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wu CY, Huang SM, Lin YH, Hsieh HH, Chu LWL, Yang HC, Chiu SC, Peng SL. Reproducibility of diffusion tensor imaging-derived parameters: implications for the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:631-639. [PMID: 36378408 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a useful approach for studying neuronal integrity in animals. However, the test-retest reproducibility of DTI techniques in animals has not been discussed. Therefore, the first part of this work was to systematically elucidate the reliability of DTI-derived parameters in an animal study. Subsequently, we applied the DTI approach to an animal model of diabetes in a longitudinal manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Study 1, nine rats underwent two DTI sessions using the same scanner and protocols, with a gap of 4 weeks. The reliability of the DTI-derived parameters was evaluated in terms of sessions and raters. In Study 2, nine rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to develop diabetes. Longitudinal DTI scans were used to assess brain alterations before and 4 weeks after STZ administration. RESULTS In the test-retest evaluation, the inter-scan coefficient of variation (CoV) ranged from 3.04 to 3.73% and 2.12-2.59% for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), respectively, in different brain regions, suggesting excellent reproducibility. Moreover, rater-dependence had minimal effects on FA and MD quantification, with all inter-rater CoV values less than 4%. Following the onset of diabetes, FA in striatum and cortex were noted to be significantly lower relative to the period where they had not developed diabetes (both P < 0.05). However, when compared to the control group, a significant change in FA caused by diabetes was detected only in the striatum (P < 0.05), but not in the cortex. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate good inter-rater and inter-scan reliability of DTI in animal studies, and the longitudinal setting has a beneficial effect on detecting small changes in the brain due to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Branch, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lok Wang Lauren Chu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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16
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Sanders S, Jensen Y, Reimer R, Bosse JB. From the beginnings to multidimensional light and electron microscopy of virus morphogenesis. Adv Virus Res 2023; 116:45-88. [PMID: 37524482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual functional viral morphogenesis events are often dynamic, short, and infrequent and might be obscured by other pathways and dead-end products. Volumetric live cell imaging has become an essential tool for studying viral morphogenesis events. It allows following entire dynamic processes while providing functional evidence that the imaged process is involved in viral production. Moreover, it allows to capture many individual events and allows quantitative analysis. Finally, the correlation of volumetric live-cell data with volumetric electron microscopy (EM) can provide crucial insights into the ultrastructure and mechanisms of viral morphogenesis events. Here, we provide an overview and discussion of suitable imaging methods for volumetric correlative imaging of viral morphogenesis and frame them in a historical summary of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Sanders
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yannick Jensen
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jens B Bosse
- Department of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Lee PY, Schilpp H, Naylor N, Watkins SC, Yang B, Sigal IA. Instant polarized light microscopy pi (IPOLπ) for quantitative imaging of collagen architecture and dynamics in ocular tissues. OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING 2023; 166:107594. [PMID: 37193214 PMCID: PMC10168649 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2023.107594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Collagen architecture determines the biomechanical environment in the eye, and thus characterizing collagen fiber organization and biomechanics is essential to fully understand eye physiology and pathology. We recently introduced instant polarized light microscopy (IPOL) that encodes optically information about fiber orientation and retardance through a color snapshot. Although IPOL allows imaging collagen at the full acquisition speed of the camera, with excellent spatial and angular resolutions, a limitation is that the orientation-encoding color is cyclic every 90 degrees (π/2 radians). In consequence, two orthogonal fibers have the same color and therefore the same orientation when quantified by color-angle mapping. In this study, we demonstrate IPOLπ, a new variation of IPOL, in which the orientation-encoding color is cyclic every 180 degrees (π radians). Herein we present the fundamentals of IPOLπ, including a framework based on a Mueller-matrix formalism to characterize how fiber orientation and retardance determine the color. The improved quantitative capability of IPOLπ enables further study of essential biomechanical properties of collagen in ocular tissues, such as fiber anisotropy and crimp. We present a series of experimental calibrations and quantitative procedures to visualize and quantify ocular collagen orientation and microstructure in the optic nerve head, a region in the back of the eye. There are four important strengths of IPOLπ compared to IPOL. First, IPOLπ can distinguish the orientations of orthogonal collagen fibers via colors, whereas IPOL cannot. Second, IPOLπ requires a lower exposure time than IPOL, thus allowing faster imaging speed. Third, IPOLπ allows visualizing non-birefringent tissues and backgrounds from tissue absorption, whereas both appear dark in IPOL images. Fourth, IPOLπ is cheaper and less sensitive to imperfectly collimated light than IPOL. Altogether, the high spatial, angular, and temporal resolutions of IPOLπ enable a deeper insight into ocular biomechanics and eye physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hannah Schilpp
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathan Naylor
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Engineering, Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Choobineh S, Borjian Fard M, Soori R, Mazaheri Z. Telocytes response to cardiac growth induced by resistance exercise training and endurance exercise training in adult male rats. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:12. [PMID: 37301825 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are interstitial cells found in different tissues, including cardiac stem cell niches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of the telocytes to the cardiac growth that occurs in response to resistance and endurance exercise trainings using rats distributed into control, endurance, and resistance training groups. Results revealed that the ratio of heart weight to body weight, cardiomycyte number, cardiomyocyte area, thickness of the left ventricular wall were significantly higher in the training groups compared to the control group. We observed increment in the cardiomyocytes surface area and thickness of the left ventricular wall in the resistance-training group than endurance-training group. We conclude that both resistance and endurance exercise trainings will lead to an increased number of cardiac telocytes, consequently, promote activity of the cardiac stem cells, and results in physiological cardiac growth, and this response does not seem to depend on the type of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroos Choobineh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Borjian Fard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rahman Soori
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- Basic Medical Science Research Center, Histogenotech Company, Tehran, Iran
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Hortsch M. Histology as a paradigm for a science-based learning experience: Visits by histology education spirits of past, present, and future. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2023; 16:372-383. [PMID: 36453080 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The term "histology" was coined a little over 200 years ago and the subject has always relied on microscopy as its defining technology. Microscopy was and still is an essential approach for the description of cellular components and their arrangements in living organisms. For more than a century and a half, histology or microanatomy has also been part of the basic science education for biomedical students. Traditionally, it has been taught in two major components, a didactic transfer of information, either in a lecture or self-learning format, and in active-learning laboratory sessions. These two modes of histology instruction conform with the dual-processing theory of learning, one being more automatic and depending mainly on rote memorization, whereas the other is analytical, requiring more advanced reasoning skills. However, these two components of histology education are not separate and independent, but rather complementary and part of a multi-step learning process that encourages a scientific analysis of visual information and involves higher-level learning skills. Conventional, as well as modern electronic instruction methods (e-learning) have been used in complementary ways to support the integrated succession of individual learning steps as outlined in this manuscript. However, as recent curricular reforms have curtailed instructional time, this traditional format of teaching histology is no longer sustainable and a reflective reassessment of the role of histology in modern biomedical education is a timely necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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20
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Bai B, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Pillar N, Ozcan A. Deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining of biological samples. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 36864032 PMCID: PMC9981740 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Histological staining is the gold standard for tissue examination in clinical pathology and life-science research, which visualizes the tissue and cellular structures using chromatic dyes or fluorescence labels to aid the microscopic assessment of tissue. However, the current histological staining workflow requires tedious sample preparation steps, specialized laboratory infrastructure, and trained histotechnologists, making it expensive, time-consuming, and not accessible in resource-limited settings. Deep learning techniques created new opportunities to revolutionize staining methods by digitally generating histological stains using trained neural networks, providing rapid, cost-effective, and accurate alternatives to standard chemical staining methods. These techniques, broadly referred to as virtual staining, were extensively explored by multiple research groups and demonstrated to be successful in generating various types of histological stains from label-free microscopic images of unstained samples; similar approaches were also used for transforming images of an already stained tissue sample into another type of stain, performing virtual stain-to-stain transformations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent research advances in deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques. The basic concepts and the typical workflow of virtual staining are introduced, followed by a discussion of representative works and their technical innovations. We also share our perspectives on the future of this emerging field, aiming to inspire readers from diverse scientific fields to further expand the scope of deep learning-enabled virtual histological staining techniques and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Bai
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nir Pillar
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Lee PY, Schilpp H, Naylor N, Watkins SC, Yang B, Sigal IA. Instant polarized light microscopy pi (IPOLπ) for quantitative imaging of collagen architecture and dynamics in ocular tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.29.526111. [PMID: 36778384 PMCID: PMC9915523 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.29.526111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen architecture determines the biomechanical environment in the eye, and thus characterizing collagen fiber organization and biomechanics is essential to fully understand eye physiology and pathology. We recently introduced instant polarized light microscopy (IPOL) that encodes optically information about fiber orientation and retardance through a color snapshot. Although IPOL allows imaging collagen at the full acquisition speed of the camera, with excellent spatial and angular resolutions, a limitation is that the orientation-encoding color is cyclic every 90 degrees (π/2 radians). In consequence, two orthogonal fibers have the same color and therefore the same orientation when quantified by color-angle mapping. In this study, we demonstrate IPOLπ, a new variation of IPOL, in which the orientation-encoding color is cyclic every 180 degrees (π radians). Herein we present the fundamentals of IPOLπ, including a framework based on a Mueller-matrix formalism to characterize how fiber orientation and retardance determine the color. The improved quantitative capability of IPOLπ enables further study of essential biomechanical properties of collagen in ocular tissues, such as fiber anisotropy and crimp. We present a series of experimental calibrations and quantitative procedures to visualize and quantify ocular collagen orientation and microstructure in the optic nerve head, a region in the back of the eye. There are four important strengths of IPOLπ compared to IPOL. First, IPOLπ can distinguish the orientations of orthogonal collagen fibers via colors, whereas IPOL cannot. Second, IPOLπ requires a lower exposure time than IPOL, thus allowing faster imaging speed. Third, IPOLπ allows visualizing non-birefringent tissues and backgrounds from tissue absorption, whereas both appear dark in IPOL images. Fourth, IPOLπ is cheaper and less sensitive to imperfectly collimated light than IPOL. Altogether, the high spatial, angular, and temporal resolutions of IPOLπ enable a deeper insight into ocular biomechanics and eye physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hannah Schilpp
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathan Naylor
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Engineering, Rangos School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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22
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Tekam CKS, Majumdar S, Kumari P, Prajapati SK, Sahi AK, Shinde S, Singh R, Samaiya PK, Patnaik R, Krishnamurthy S, Mahto SK. Effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor co-ordination and locomotor activity of adult wistar rats and viability of C6 (Glial) cells in culture. Toxicology 2023; 485:153409. [PMID: 36572170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ELF-PEMF exposure on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity have been discussed in various pre-clinical and clinical settings. Several epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the potential effects of ELF-PEMF when exposed > ∼1 h/day; however, very few studies have focused on understanding the influence of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT with an exposure duration of < 1 h/day on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity. Hence, we attempted to study the effects of ELF-PEMF exposure of 1-3 mT, 50 Hz with an exposure duration of 20 min each with a 4 h gap (2 times) on the cellular proliferation and morphologies of C6 (Glial) cells and spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination and locomotor activity of Wistar rats under in vitro and in vivo conditions, respectively. The results showed that ELF-PEMF exposure did not induce any significant levels of cellular fragmentation and changes in the morphology of glial cells. Also, the outcomes revealed no noticeable effects on spontaneous alternation, anxiety, motor coordination, and locomotor activity in PEMF-exposed groups compared with the control. No undesirable side effects were observed at the highest dose (B=3 mT). We also performed histological analysis of the selected brain sections (hippocampus and cortex) following ELF-PEMF exposure. Incidentally, no significant changes were observed in cortical cell counts, tissue structure, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant Singh Tekam
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Shreyasi Majumdar
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Prajapati
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Saksha Shinde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shri Govindram Seksariya Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Puneet Kumar Samaiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Govindram Seksariya Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India; Electrophysiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Bio-Microfluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India.
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23
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Dumigan A, Gonzalez RC, Morris B, Sá-Pessoa J. Visualisation of Host-Pathogen Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1406:19-39. [PMID: 37016109 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26462-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The core of biomedical science is the use of laboratory techniques to support the diagnosis and treatment of disease in clinical settings. Despite tremendous advancement in our understanding of medicine in recent years, we are still far from having a complete understanding of human physiology in homeostasis, let alone the pathology of disease states. Indeed medical advances over the last two hundred years would not have been possible without the invention of and continuous development of visualisation techniques available to research scientists and clinicians. As we have all learned from the recent COVID pandemic, despite advances in modern medicine we still have much to learn regarding infection biology. Indeed antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria are a global threat to human health, meaning research into bacterial pathogenesis is vital. In this chapter, we will briefly describe the nature of microbes and host immune responses before delving into some of the visualisation techniques utilised in the field of biomedical research with a focus on host-pathogen interactions. We will give a brief overview of commonly used techniques from gold standard staining methods, in situ hybridisation, microscopy, western blotting, microbial characterisation, to cutting-edge image flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. Specifically, we will focus on techniques utilised to visualise interactions between the host, our own bodies, and invading organisms including bacteria. We will touch on in vitro and ex vivo modelling methodology with examples utilised to delineate pathogenicity in disease. A better understanding of bacterial biology, immunology and how these fields interact (host-pathogen communications) in biomedical research is integral to developing novel therapeutic approaches which circumvent the need for antibiotics, an important issue as we enter a post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joana Sá-Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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24
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Verheggen K, Bhattacharya N, Verhaert M, Goossens B, Sciot R, Verhaert P. HistoSnap: A Novel Software Tool to Extract m/z-Specific Images from Large MSHC Datasets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2688:15-26. [PMID: 37410280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3319-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe an informatics tool for comfortable browsing through highly complex, multi-gigabyte mass spectrometry histochemistry (MSHC) datasets, via clever ion-specific image extraction.The package is developed particularly for the untargeted localization/discovery of biomolecules such as endogenous (neuro)secretory peptides on histological sections of biobanked formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples straight from tissue banks.Atmospheric pressure-MALDI-Orbitrap MSHC data of sections through human pituitary adenomas in which two well-known human neuropeptides are detected are used as an example to demonstrate the key features of the novel software, named HistoSnap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marthe Verhaert
- ProteoFormiX, Beerse, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology at Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Raf Sciot
- ProteoFormiX, Beerse, Belgium
- Translational Tissue and Cell Research Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Lee Y, Yang J. Frozen Block Tissue Staining for Eye Structure of Zebrafish Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2678:191-198. [PMID: 37326715 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3255-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Histology is a technique used to study the morphology of cell structures by cutting samples into thin sections. Histological cross-section and staining are the techniques needed to visualize the morphology of cell tissues. A suitable tissue staining experiment was created to observe changes in the retinal layer in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish have a human-like visual system, retina, and eye structures. Due to the small size of zebrafish and undeveloped bones in the embryonic stage, the resistance through cross-section is inevitably small. Here, we present optimized protocol changes in eye tissue of zebrafish using frozen blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jaewook Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
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26
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Hortsch M, Girão-Carmona VCC, de Melo Leite ACR, Nikas IP, Koney NKK, Yohannan DG, Oommen AM, Li Y, Meyer AJ, Chapman J. Teaching Cellular Architecture: The Global Status of Histology Education. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1431:177-212. [PMID: 37644293 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36727-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Histology or microanatomy is the science of the structure and function of tissues and organs in metazoic organisms at the cellular level. By definition, histology is dependent on a variety of microscope techniques, usually light or more recently virtual, as well as electron microscopy. Since its inception more than two centuries ago, histology has been an integral component of biomedical education, specifically for medical, dental, and veterinary students. Traditionally, histology has been taught in two sequential phases, first a didactic transfer of information to learners and secondly a laboratory segment in which students develop the skill of analyzing micrographic images. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of how histology is currently taught in different global regions. This overview also outlines which educational strategies and technologies are used, and how the local and cultural environment influences the histology education of medical and other students in different countries and continents. Also discussed are current trends that change the teaching of this basic science subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | | | - Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Ghana
| | - Doris George Yohannan
- Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Aswathy Maria Oommen
- Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amanda J Meyer
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jamie Chapman
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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27
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Ogier du Terrail J, Leopold A, Joly C, Béguier C, Andreux M, Maussion C, Schmauch B, Tramel EW, Bendjebbar E, Zaslavskiy M, Wainrib G, Milder M, Gervasoni J, Guerin J, Durand T, Livartowski A, Moutet K, Gautier C, Djafar I, Moisson AL, Marini C, Galtier M, Balazard F, Dubois R, Moreira J, Simon A, Drubay D, Lacroix-Triki M, Franchet C, Bataillon G, Heudel PE. Federated learning for predicting histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Med 2023; 29:135-146. [PMID: 36658418 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a rare cancer, characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, and has limited treatment options. The current standard of care in nonmetastatic settings is neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), but treatment efficacy varies substantially across patients. This heterogeneity is still poorly understood, partly due to the paucity of curated TNBC data. Here we investigate the use of machine learning (ML) leveraging whole-slide images and clinical information to predict, at diagnosis, the histological response to NACT for early TNBC women patients. To overcome the biases of small-scale studies while respecting data privacy, we conducted a multicentric TNBC study using federated learning, in which patient data remain secured behind hospitals' firewalls. We show that local ML models relying on whole-slide images can predict response to NACT but that collaborative training of ML models further improves performance, on par with the best current approaches in which ML models are trained using time-consuming expert annotations. Our ML model is interpretable and is sensitive to specific histological patterns. This proof of concept study, in which federated learning is applied to real-world datasets, paves the way for future biomarker discovery using unprecedentedly large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Camille Franchet
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse (IUCT) Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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28
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Hortsch M, Koney NKK, Oommen AM, Yohannan DG, Li Y, de Melo Leite ACR, Girão-Carmona VCC. Virtual Microscopy Goes Global: The Images Are Virtual and the Problems Are Real. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1421:79-124. [PMID: 37524985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30379-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
For the last two centuries, the scholarly education of histology and pathology has been based on technology, initially on the availability of low-cost, high-quality light microscopes, and more recently on the introduction of computers and e-learning approaches to biomedical education. Consequently, virtual microscopy (VM) is replacing glass slides and the traditional light microscope as the main instruments of instruction in histology and pathology laboratories. However, as with most educational changes, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with a new technology. The use of VM for the teaching of histology and pathology requires an extensive infrastructure and the availability of computing devices to all learners, both posing a considerable financial strain on schools and students. Furthermore, there may be valid reasons for practicing healthcare professionals to maintain competency in using light microscopes. In addition, some educators may be reluctant to embrace new technologies. These are some of the reasons why the introduction of VM as an integral part of histology and pathology instruction has been globally uneven. This paper compares the teaching of histology and pathology using traditional or VM in five different countries and their adjacent regions, representing developed, as well as developing areas of the globe. We identify general and local roadblocks to the introduction of this still-emerging didactic technology and outline solutions for overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aswathy Maria Oommen
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Doris George Yohannan
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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29
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In Silico and In Vivo Evaluation of microRNA-181c-5p's Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122343. [PMID: 36553610 PMCID: PMC9777864 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease, accounting for 75-85% of primary liver cancers. The conclusive research on miR-181c-5p's role in hepatocarcinogenesis, whether it has oncogenic effects or acts as a tumor repressor, is limited and fluctuating. Therefore, the current study aimed to elucidate the role of miR-181c-5p in HCC in silico and in vivo. The bioinformatics analysis of miR-181c-5p expression data in HCC using several databases strongly shed light on its involvement in HCC development, but also confirmed the fluctuating data around its role. miR-181c-5p was proven here to have an oncogenic role by increasing HepG2 cells' viability as confirmed by MTT analysis. In addition, miR-181c-5p was upregulated in the HCC positive control group and progressed the HCC development and malignant features by its forced expression in an HCC mouse model by targeted delivery using a LA-PAMAM polyplex. This is indicated by the cancerous gross and histological features, and the significant increase in liver function biomarkers. The functional enrichment bioinformatics analyses of miR-181c-5p-downregulated targets in HCC indicated that miR-181c-5p targets were significantly enriched in multiple pathways and biological processes involved in HCC development. Fbxl3, an example for miR-181c-5p potential targets, downregulation and its correlation with miR-181c-5p were validated by qPCR. In conclusion, miR-181c-5p is upregulated in HCC and has an oncogenic role enhancing HCC progression.
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30
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Enhanced anxiolytic and analgesic effectiveness or a better safety profile of morphine and tramadol combination in cholestatic and addicted mice. Neuroreport 2022; 33:681-689. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Chiriboga L, Callis GM, Wang Y, Chlipala E. Guide for collecting and reporting metadata on protocol variables and parameters from slide-based histotechnology assays to enhance reproducibility. J Histotechnol 2022; 45:132-147. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2134022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYULH Center for Biospecimen Research and Development, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas, MO, USA
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32
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Kwon Y, Piehowski PD, Zhao R, Sontag RL, Moore RJ, Burnum-Johnson KE, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Kelly RT, Zhu Y. Hanging drop sample preparation improves sensitivity of spatial proteomics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2869-2877. [PMID: 35838077 PMCID: PMC9320080 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial proteomics holds great promise for revealing tissue heterogeneity in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, one significant limitation of most spatial proteomics workflows is the requirement of large sample amounts that blurs cell-type-specific or microstructure-specific information. In this study, we developed an improved sample preparation approach for spatial proteomics and integrated it with our previously-established laser capture microdissection (LCM) and microfluidics sample processing platform. Specifically, we developed a hanging drop (HD) method to improve the sample recovery by positioning a nanowell chip upside-down during protein extraction and tryptic digestion steps. Compared with the commonly-used sitting-drop method, the HD method keeps the tissue pixel away from the container surface, and thus improves the accessibility of the extraction/digestion buffer to the tissue sample. The HD method can increase the MS signal by 7 fold, leading to a 66% increase in the number of identified proteins. An average of 721, 1489, and 2521 proteins can be quantitatively profiled from laser-dissected 10 μm-thick mouse liver tissue pixels with areas of 0.0025, 0.01, and 0.04 mm2, respectively. The improved system was further validated in the study of cell-type-specific proteomes of mouse uterine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Kwon
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Paul D Piehowski
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Ryan L Sontag
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Ryan T Kelly
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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33
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StainCUT: Stain Normalization with Contrastive Learning. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8070202. [PMID: 35877646 PMCID: PMC9317097 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8070202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous deep-learning approaches have been developed for the analysis of histopathology Whole Slide Images (WSI). A recurrent issue is the lack of generalization ability of a model that has been trained with images of one laboratory and then used to analyze images of a different laboratory. This occurs mainly due to the use of different scanners, laboratory procedures, and staining variations. This can produce strong color differences, which change not only the characteristics of the image, such as the contrast, brightness, and saturation, but also create more complex style variations. In this paper, we present a deep-learning solution based on contrastive learning to transfer from one staining style to another: StainCUT. This method eliminates the need to choose a reference frame and does not need paired images with different staining to learn the mapping between the stain distributions. Additionally, it does not rely on the CycleGAN approach, which makes the method efficient in terms of memory consumption and running time. We evaluate the model using two datasets that consist of the same specimens digitized with two different scanners. We also apply it as a preprocessing step for the semantic segmentation of metastases in lymph nodes. The model was trained on data from one of the laboratories and evaluated on data from another. The results validate the hypothesis that stain normalization indeed improves the performance of the model. Finally, we also investigate and compare the application of the stain normalization step during the training of the model and at inference.
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34
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Prabhakaran S, Gatenbee C, Robertson-Tessi M, West J, Beg AA, Gray J, Antonia S, Gatenby RA, Anderson AR. Mistic: An open-source multiplexed image t-SNE viewer. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100523. [PMID: 35845830 PMCID: PMC9278502 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex ecology of a tumor tissue and the spatiotemporal relationships between its cellular and microenvironment components is becoming a key component of translational research, especially in immuno-oncology. The generation and analysis of multiplexed images from patient samples is of paramount importance to facilitate this understanding. Here, we present Mistic, an open-source multiplexed image t-SNE viewer that enables the simultaneous viewing of multiple 2D images rendered using multiple layout options to provide an overall visual preview of the entire dataset. In particular, the positions of the images can be t-SNE or UMAP coordinates. This grouped view of all images allows an exploratory understanding of the specific expression pattern of a given biomarker or collection of biomarkers across all images, helps to identify images expressing a particular phenotype, and can help select images for subsequent downstream analysis. Currently, there is no freely available tool to generate such image t-SNEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Prabhakaran
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chandler Gatenbee
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jeffrey West
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amer A. Beg
- Departments of Immunology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jhanelle Gray
- Departments of Immunology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott Antonia
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert A. Gatenby
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexander R.A. Anderson
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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35
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Sasaki H, Arai H, Kikuchi E, Saito H, Seki K, Matsui T. Novel electron microscopic staining method using traditional dye, hematoxylin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7756. [PMID: 35577902 PMCID: PMC9110702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranyl acetate (UA) has been routinely used as a staining solution for ultrathin sections used in biological electron microscopy. As a radioactive nuclear material, UA is subject to strict international regulations. To develop an alternative and easy-to-use staining method for ultrathin sections, we examined various commercial light microscopic dyes. We found that Mayer's hematoxylin followed by Reynold's lead citrate solution showed staining results comparable to UA and Reynold's lead citrate solution, and this method is therefore suggested as a reliable and promising alternative to UA staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tokyo Professional University of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisako Arai
- Core Research Facilities, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Kikuchi
- Core Research Facilities, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Saito
- Core Research Facilities, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Seki
- Core Research Facilities, School of Medicine, The Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Cell Biology of the Skin, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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36
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Chan YH, Alahmadi A, Alotibi R, Ramji DP. Evaluation of Plaque Burden and Lipid Content in Atherosclerotic Plaques. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:481-496. [PMID: 35237983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-rich, fibrous plaques within the arterial wall of medium and large arteries. Plaques prone to rupture are typically rich in lipids and pro-inflammatory markers. Cells within the plaque can take up lipids via different mechanisms leading to the formation and accumulation of lipid-rich foam cells, a key hallmark of the disease. Evaluation of plaque burden and lipid content is hence important to determine disease progression and severity. This chapter describes the most commonly used staining methods that enable visualization and analysis of mouse atherosclerotic plaques. These methods include en face preparation of mouse aorta, and staining sections of arteries using hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Masson's Trichrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Hlaváček A, Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Kostiv U, Brandmeier JC, Horák D, Skládal P, Foret F, Gorris HH. Bioconjugates of photon-upconversion nanoparticles for cancer biomarker detection and imaging. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1028-1072. [PMID: 35181766 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cancer biomarkers in histological samples and blood is of paramount importance for clinical diagnosis. Current methods are limited in terms of sensitivity, hindering early detection of disease. We have overcome the shortcomings of currently available staining and fluorescence labeling methods by taking an integrative approach to establish photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as a powerful platform for cancer detection. These nanoparticles are readily synthesized in different sizes to yield efficient and tunable short-wavelength light emission under near-infrared excitation, which eliminates optical background interference of the specimen. Here we present a protocol for the synthesis of UCNPs by high-temperature co-precipitation or seed-mediated growth by thermal decomposition, surface modification by silica or poly(ethylene glycol) that renders the particles resistant to nonspecific binding, and the conjugation of streptavidin or antibodies for biological detection. To detect blood-based biomarkers, we present an upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay for the analog and digital detection of the cancer marker prostate-specific antigen. When applied to immunocytochemistry analysis, UCNPs enable the detection of the breast cancer marker human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 with a signal-to-background ratio 50-fold higher than conventional fluorescent labels. UCNP synthesis takes 4.5 d, the preparation of the antibody-silica-UCNP conjugate takes 3 d, the streptavidin-poly(ethylene glycol)-UCNP conjugate takes 2-3 weeks, upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay takes 2-4 d and immunocytochemistry takes 8-10 h. The procedures can be performed after standard laboratory training in nanomaterials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Hlaváček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Farka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Uliana Kostiv
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julian C Brandmeier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - František Foret
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Cross-polarized optical coherence tomography offers improved contrast for samples which can alter the polarization of light when it interacts with the sample. This property has been utilized to screen pathological conditions in several organs. Existing cross-polarized optical coherence tomography systems require several polarization-controlling elements to minimize the optical fiber movement-related image artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate a cross-polarized optical coherence tomography system using unpolarized light and only two quarter-wave plates, which is free from fiber-induced image artifacts. The simplicity of the approach will find many applications in clinical settings.
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Jessup J, Krueger R, Warchol S, Hoffer J, Muhlich J, Ritch CC, Gaglia G, Coy S, Chen YA, Lin JR, Santagata S, Sorger PK, Pfister H. Scope2Screen: Focus+Context Techniques for Pathology Tumor Assessment in Multivariate Image Data. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2022; 28:259-269. [PMID: 34606456 PMCID: PMC8805697 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2021.3114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Inspection of tissues using a light microscope is the primary method of diagnosing many diseases, notably cancer. Highly multiplexed tissue imaging builds on this foundation, enabling the collection of up to 60 channels of molecular information plus cell and tissue morphology using antibody staining. This provides unique insight into disease biology and promises to help with the design of patient-specific therapies. However, a substantial gap remains with respect to visualizing the resulting multivariate image data and effectively supporting pathology workflows in digital environments on screen. We, therefore, developed Scope2Screen, a scalable software system for focus+context exploration and annotation of whole-slide, high-plex, tissue images. Our approach scales to analyzing 100GB images of 109 or more pixels per channel, containing millions of individual cells. A multidisciplinary team of visualization experts, microscopists, and pathologists identified key image exploration and annotation tasks involving finding, magnifying, quantifying, and organizing regions of interest (ROIs) in an intuitive and cohesive manner. Building on a scope-to-screen metaphor, we present interactive lensing techniques that operate at single-cell and tissue levels. Lenses are equipped with task-specific functionality and descriptive statistics, making it possible to analyze image features, cell types, and spatial arrangements (neighborhoods) across image channels and scales. A fast sliding-window search guides users to regions similar to those under the lens; these regions can be analyzed and considered either separately or as part of a larger image collection. A novel snapshot method enables linked lens configurations and image statistics to be saved, restored, and shared with these regions. We validate our designs with domain experts and apply Scope2Screen in two case studies involving lung and colorectal cancers to discover cancer-relevant image features.
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40
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Neevel H. Logwood Writing Inks: History, Production, Forensics, and Use. RESTAURATOR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY AND ARCHIVAL MATERIAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/res-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the 16th century, the Spanish brought logwood from Mexico to Europe. Its extract was used for textile dyeing. The French introduced the logwood tree to Western Hispaniola, which became Haiti in 1804. Around 1880, Haiti exported most of its logwood to France. In 1847, Runge introduced the black chrome-logwood ink as an alternative for iron-gall ink, because the latter attacked the steel writing nibs. The most important constituents of logwood are hematoxylin and hematein. Due to the profitable import conditions from Haiti, chrome-logwood ink became the cheapest and most commonly used black writing ink in France. This could explain why Vincent van Gogh, during his French period, used it for writing and drawing and why most of the French postcards from the first half of the 20th century, studied in this publication, were written with chrome-logwood ink, while most of the Dutch postcards were written with an iron gall ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Neevel
- Heritage Laboratory , Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands , Hobbemastraat 22 , Amsterdam , 1071 ZC , Netherlands
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41
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Leitgeb R, Placzek F, Rank E, Krainz L, Haindl R, Li Q, Liu M, Andreana M, Unterhuber A, Schmoll T, Drexler W. Enhanced medical diagnosis for dOCTors: a perspective of optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210150-PER. [PMID: 34672145 PMCID: PMC8528212 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE After three decades, more than 75,000 publications, tens of companies being involved in its commercialization, and a global market perspective of about USD 1.5 billion in 2023, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become one of the fastest successfully translated imaging techniques with substantial clinical and economic impacts and acceptance. AIM Our perspective focuses on disruptive forward-looking innovations and key technologies to further boost OCT performance and therefore enable significantly enhanced medical diagnosis. APPROACH A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art accomplishments in OCT has been performed. RESULTS The most disruptive future OCT innovations include imaging resolution and speed (single-beam raster scanning versus parallelization) improvement, new implementations for dual modality or even multimodality systems, and using endogenous or exogenous contrast in these hybrid OCT systems targeting molecular and metabolic imaging. Aside from OCT angiography, no other functional or contrast enhancing OCT extension has accomplished comparable clinical and commercial impacts. Some more recently developed extensions, e.g., optical coherence elastography, dynamic contrast OCT, optoretinography, and artificial intelligence enhanced OCT are also considered with high potential for the future. In addition, OCT miniaturization for portable, compact, handheld, and/or cost-effective capsule-based OCT applications, home-OCT, and self-OCT systems based on micro-optic assemblies or photonic integrated circuits will revolutionize new applications and availability in the near future. Finally, clinical translation of OCT including medical device regulatory challenges will continue to be absolutely essential. CONCLUSIONS With its exquisite non-invasive, micrometer resolution depth sectioning capability, OCT has especially revolutionized ophthalmic diagnosis and hence is the fastest adopted imaging technology in the history of ophthalmology. Nonetheless, OCT has not been completely exploited and has substantial growth potential-in academics as well as in industry. This applies not only to the ophthalmic application field, but also especially to the original motivation of OCT to enable optical biopsy, i.e., the in situ imaging of tissue microstructure with a resolution approaching that of histology but without the need for tissue excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Leitgeb
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Placzek
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabet Rank
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Krainz
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Haindl
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qian Li
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Andreana
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman Schmoll
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California, United States
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Address all correspondence to Wolfgang Drexler,
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Foomani FH, Jarzembowski JA, Mostaghimi S, Mehrvar S, Kumar SN, Ranji M. Optical Metabolic Imaging of Mitochondrial Dysfunction on HADH Mutant Newborn Rat Hearts. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2021; 9:1800407. [PMID: 34462673 PMCID: PMC8396955 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2021.3104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial [Formula: see text]-oxidation of fatty acids is the primary energy source for the heart and carried out by Hydroxy Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (HADH) encoded trifunctional protein. Mutations in the genes encoding mitochondrial proteins result in functionally defective protein complexes that contribute to energy deficiencies, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We hypothesize that a dramatic alternation in redox state and associated mitochondrial dysfunction is the underlying cause of Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) deficiency mutant, resulting in heart failure. Mitochondrial co-enzymes, NADH and FAD, are autofluorescent metabolic indices of cells when imaged, yield a quantitative assessment of the cells' redox status and, in turn, that of the tissue and organ. METHOD We utilized an optical cryo-imager to quantitively evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of mitochondrial redox state in newborn rats' hearts and kidneys. Redox ratio (RR) assessment shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is extreme and could contribute to severe heart problems and eventual heart failure in the mutants. RESULTS Three-dimensional redox ratio (NADH/FAD) rendering, and the volumetric mean value calculations confirmed significantly decreased cardiac RR in mutants by 31.90% and 12.32%, in renal mitochondrial RR compared to wild-type control. Further, histological assessment of newborn heart myocardial tissue indicated no significant difference in myocardial tissue architecture in both control and severe (HADHAe4-/-) conditions. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that optical imaging can accurately estimate the redox state changes in newborn rat organs. It is also apparent that the FAO mutant's heart tissue with a low redox ratio is probably more vulnerable to cumulative damages than kidneys and fails prematurely, contributing to sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz H. Foomani
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Jason A. Jarzembowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin–MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA
| | - Suresh N. Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics LaboratoryDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)ISENSE Institute, Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL33431USA
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The Anti-Obesity Effects of Lemon Fermented Products in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and in a Rat Model with High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082809. [PMID: 34444969 PMCID: PMC8398352 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon (Citrus limon) has antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and blood lipid-lowering properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of the lemon fermented product (LFP) which is lemon fermented with Lactobacillus OPC1 to prevent obesity. The inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is examined using a Wistar rat model fed a high-fat diet to verify the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of LFP. Here, it was observed that LFP reduced cell proliferation and inhibited the lipid accumulation (8.3%) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, LFP reduced body weight (9.7%) and fat tissue weight (25.7%) of rats; reduced serum TG (17.0%), FFA (17.9%), glucose (29.3%) and ketone body (6.8%); and increased serum HDL-C (17.6%) and lipase activity (17.8%). LFP regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, HSL, ATGL, FAS, and AMPK). Therefore, LFP reduces body weight and lipid accumulation by regulating the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Overall, our results implicate LFP as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention of obesity.
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Uehara T, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. The DEN and CCl 4 -Induced Mouse Model of Fibrosis and Inflammation-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e211. [PMID: 34370903 PMCID: PMC8744072 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops most often as a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although most human studies of HCC provide crucial insights into the molecular signatures of HCC, they seldom address its etiology. Mouse models provide essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of HCC, but the majority of rodent cancer models do not feature liver fibrosis. Detailed here is a protocol for an experimental mouse model of HCC that arises in association with advanced liver fibrosis. The disease model is induced by a single injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) at 2 weeks of age followed by repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) from 8 weeks of age for up to 14 consecutive weeks. A dramatic potentiation of liver tumor incidence is observed following administration of DEN and CCl4 , with 100% of mice developing liver tumors at 5 months of age. This model has been employed for studying the molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis and HCC development, as well as for cancer hazard/chemotherapy testing of drug candidates. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: The DEN and CCl4 -induced mouse model of fibrosis and inflammation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Uehara
- Strategic Development Department, Shionogi & Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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45
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Semi-supervised training of deep convolutional neural networks with heterogeneous data and few local annotations: An experiment on prostate histopathology image classification. Med Image Anal 2021; 73:102165. [PMID: 34303169 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are state-of-the-art computer vision techniques for various tasks, particularly for image classification. However, there are domains where the training of classification models that generalize on several datasets is still an open challenge because of the highly heterogeneous data and the lack of large datasets with local annotations of the regions of interest, such as histopathology image analysis. Histopathology concerns the microscopic analysis of tissue specimens processed in glass slides to identify diseases such as cancer. Digital pathology concerns the acquisition, management and automatic analysis of digitized histopathology images that are large, having in the order of 100'0002 pixels per image. Digital histopathology images are highly heterogeneous due to the variability of the image acquisition procedures. Creating locally labeled regions (required for the training) is time-consuming and often expensive in the medical field, as physicians usually have to annotate the data. Despite the advances in deep learning, leveraging strongly and weakly annotated datasets to train classification models is still an unsolved problem, mainly when data are very heterogeneous. Large amounts of data are needed to create models that generalize well. This paper presents a novel approach to train CNNs that generalize to heterogeneous datasets originating from various sources and without local annotations. The data analysis pipeline targets Gleason grading on prostate images and includes two models in sequence, following a teacher/student training paradigm. The teacher model (a high-capacity neural network) automatically annotates a set of pseudo-labeled patches used to train the student model (a smaller network). The two models are trained with two different teacher/student approaches: semi-supervised learning and semi-weekly supervised learning. For each of the two approaches, three student training variants are presented. The baseline is provided by training the student model only with the strongly annotated data. Classification performance is evaluated on the student model at the patch level (using the local annotations of the Tissue Micro-Arrays Zurich dataset) and at the global level (using the TCGA-PRAD, The Cancer Genome Atlas-PRostate ADenocarcinoma, whole slide image Gleason score). The teacher/student paradigm allows the models to better generalize on both datasets, despite the inter-dataset heterogeneity and the small number of local annotations used. The classification performance is improved both at the patch-level (up to κ=0.6127±0.0133 from κ=0.5667±0.0285), at the TMA core-level (Gleason score) (up to κ=0.7645±0.0231 from κ=0.7186±0.0306) and at the WSI-level (Gleason score) (up to κ=0.4529±0.0512 from κ=0.2293±0.1350). The results show that with the teacher/student paradigm, it is possible to train models that generalize on datasets from entirely different sources, despite the inter-dataset heterogeneity and the lack of large datasets with local annotations.
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Ku CC, Wuputra K, Kato K, Pan JB, Li CP, Tsai MH, Noguchi M, Nakamura Y, Liu CJ, Chan TF, Hou MF, Wakana S, Wu YC, Lin CS, Wu DC, Yokoyama KK. Deletion of Jdp2 enhances Slc7a11 expression in Atoh-1 positive cerebellum granule cell progenitors in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:369. [PMID: 34187574 PMCID: PMC8243712 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum is the sensitive region of the brain to developmental abnormalities related to the effects of oxidative stresses. Abnormal cerebellar lobe formation, found in Jun dimerization protein 2 (Jdp2)-knockout (KO) mice, is related to increased antioxidant formation and a reduction in apoptotic cell death in granule cell progenitors (GCPs). Here, we aim that Jdp2 plays a critical role of cerebellar development which is affected by the ROS regulation and redox control. Objective Jdp2-promoter-Cre transgenic mouse displayed a positive signal in the cerebellum, especially within granule cells. Jdp2-KO mice exhibited impaired development of the cerebellum compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The antioxidation controlled gene, such as cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, might be critical to regulate the redox homeostasis and the development of the cerebellum. Methods We generated the Jdp2-promoter-Cre mice and Jdp2-KO mice to examine the levels of Slc7a11, ROS levels and the expressions of antioxidation related genes were examined in the mouse cerebellum using the immunohistochemistry. Results The cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice displayed expression of the cystine-glutamate transporter Slc7a11, within the internal granule layer at postnatal day 6; in contrast, the WT cerebellum mainly displayed Sla7a11 expression in the external granule layer. Moreover, development of the cerebellar lobes in Jdp2-KO mice was altered compared with WT mice. Expression of Slc7a11, Nrf2, and p21Cip1 was higher in the cerebellum of Jdp2-KO mice than in WT mice. Conclusion Jdp2 is a critical regulator of Slc7a11 transporter during the antioxidation response, which might control the growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of GCPs in the cerebellar lobes. These observations are consistent with our previous study in vitro. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02424-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kenly Wuputra
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kohsuke Kato
- Department of Infection Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jia-Bin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ho Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Michiya Noguchi
- Cell Engineering Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fu Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.,Department of Animal Experimentation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Hygo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung University Hospital, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kazunari K Yokoyama
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Koahsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Giardina G, Micko A, Bovenkamp D, Krause A, Placzek F, Papp L, Krajnc D, Spielvogel CP, Winklehner M, Höftberger R, Vila G, Andreana M, Leitgeb R, Drexler W, Wolfsberger S, Unterhuber A. Morpho-Molecular Metabolic Analysis and Classification of Human Pituitary Gland and Adenoma Biopsies Based on Multimodal Optical Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3234. [PMID: 34209497 PMCID: PMC8267638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas count among the most common intracranial tumors. During pituitary oncogenesis structural, textural, metabolic and molecular changes occur which can be revealed with our integrated ultrahigh-resolution multimodal imaging approach including optical coherence tomography (OCT), multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and line scan Raman microspectroscopy (LSRM) on an unprecedented cellular level in a label-free manner. We investigated 5 pituitary gland and 25 adenoma biopsies, including lactotroph, null cell, gonadotroph, somatotroph and mammosomatotroph as well as corticotroph. First-level binary classification for discrimination of pituitary gland and adenomas was performed by feature extraction via radiomic analysis on OCT and MPM images and achieved an accuracy of 88%. Second-level multi-class classification was performed based on molecular analysis of the specimen via LSRM to discriminate pituitary adenomas subtypes with accuracies of up to 99%. Chemical compounds such as lipids, proteins, collagen, DNA and carotenoids and their relation could be identified as relevant biomarkers, and their spatial distribution visualized to provide deeper insight into the chemical properties of pituitary adenomas. Thereby, the aim of the current work was to assess a unique label-free and non-invasive multimodal optical imaging platform for pituitary tissue imaging and to perform a multiparametric morpho-molecular metabolic analysis and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Giardina
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Alexander Micko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Daniela Bovenkamp
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Arno Krause
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Fabian Placzek
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Laszlo Papp
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Denis Krajnc
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Clemens P. Spielvogel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Winklehner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (R.H.)
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.W.); (R.H.)
| | - Greisa Vila
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
| | - Stefan Wolfsberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.G.); (D.B.); (A.K.); (F.P.); (R.L.); (W.D.); (A.U.)
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48
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Larson MC, Gmitro AF, Utzinger U, Rouse AR, Woodhead GJ, Carlson Q, Hennemeyer CT, Barton JK. Using FDA-approved drugs as off-label fluorescent dyes for optical biopsies: from in silico design to ex vivoproof-of-concept. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9. [PMID: 34044380 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical biopsies bring the microscope to the patient rather than the tissue to the microscope, and may complement or replace the tissue-harvesting component of the traditional biopsy process with its associated risks. In general, optical biopsies are limited by the lack of endogenous tissue contrast and the small number of clinically approvedin vivodyes. This study tests multiple FDA-approved drugs that have structural similarity to research dyes as off-labelin situfluorescent alternatives to standardex vivohematoxylin & eosin tissue stain. Numerous drug-dye combinations shown here may facilitate relatively safe and fastin situor possiblyin vivostaining of tissue, enabling real-time optical biopsies and other advanced microscopy technologies, which have implications for the speed and performance of tissue- and cellular-level diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Larson
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Arthur F Gmitro
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, United States of America.,College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Urs Utzinger
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, United States of America.,College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, United States of America.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona, United States of America.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States of America.,Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Andrew R Rouse
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America.,College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, United States of America.,Research, Innovation and Impact, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory J Woodhead
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Quinlan Carlson
- Post-Sophomore Fellowship in Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Charles T Hennemeyer
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K Barton
- Medical Imaging, University of Arizona/Banner-University Medical Center, United States of America.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, United States of America.,College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, United States of America.,Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona, United States of America.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States of America
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49
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Cooksey CJ. Abbreviations for dyes, stains and fluorescent probes used in biology and medicine in the 21st century. A bright future or the last gasp? Biotech Histochem 2021; 96:401-407. [PMID: 33745408 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1897677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
I summarize here the history of the use of abbreviations, mostly in subject areas related to dyes, stains and fluorescent probes used in biology and medicine. The dozen most popular abbreviations in these fields are identified and their salient characteristics noted. The pros and cons of each abbreviation are discussed with relevant citations. Certain abbreviations that are not in the list, e.g., AZAN and LN, are mentioned because they have an unusual origin; while others, i.e., INEPT and INADEQUATE are presented because they are bizarre. A related topic is abbreviations used for citations, which require further efforts to decipher. In the past, brevity helped conserve materials, such as ink and paper, and promoted more rapid publishing. I suggest that the use of many abbreviations in the current era of electronic publishing may not be necessary.
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50
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Grijalvo S, Díaz DD. Graphene-based hybrid materials as promising scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105005. [PMID: 33667593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a serious clinical health problem caused by the damage of peripheral nerves which results in neurological deficits and permanent disability. There are several factors that may cause PNI such as localized damage (car accident, trauma, electrical injury) and outbreak of the systemic diseases (autoimmune or diabetes). While various diagnostic procedures including X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as other type of examinations such as electromyography or nerve conduction studies have been efficiently developed, a full recovery in patients with PNI is in many cases deficient or incomplete. This is the reason why additional therapeutic strategies should be explored to favor a complete rehabilitation in order to get appropriate nerve injury regeneration. The use of biomaterials acting as scaffolds opens an interesting approach in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their ability to guide the growth of new tissues, adhesion and proliferation of cells including the expression of bioactive signals. This review discusses the preparation and therapeutic strategies describing in vitro and in vivo experiments using graphene-based materials in the context of PNI and their ability to promote nerve tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute of Bio-Organic Antonio González, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, Regensburg, 93053, Germany.
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