1
|
Kosyakova N, Kao DD, Figetakis M, López-Giráldez F, Spindler S, Graham M, James KJ, Won Shin J, Liu X, Tietjen GT, Pober JS, Chang WG. Differential functional roles of fibroblasts and pericytes in the formation of tissue-engineered microvascular networks in vitro. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:1. [PMID: 31934351 PMCID: PMC6944695 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of a perfusable microvascular network (μVN) is critical for tissue engineering of solid organs. Stromal cells can support endothelial cell (EC) self-assembly into a μVN, but distinct stromal cell populations may play different roles in this process. Here we describe the differential effects that two widely used stromal cell populations, fibroblasts (FBs) and pericytes (PCs), have on μVN formation. We examined the effects of adding defined stromal cell populations on the self-assembly of ECs derived from human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) into perfusable μVNs in fibrin gels cast within a microfluidic chamber. ECs alone failed to fully assemble a perfusable μVN. Human lung FBs stimulated the formation of EC-lined μVNs within microfluidic devices. RNA-seq analysis suggested that FBs produce high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Addition of recombinant HGF improved while the c-MET inhibitor, Capmatinib (INCB28060), reduced μVN formation within devices. Human placental PCs could not substitute for FBs, but in the presence of FBs, PCs closely associated with ECs, formed a common basement membrane, extended microfilaments intercellularly, and reduced microvessel diameters. Different stromal cell types provide different functions in microvessel assembly by ECs. FBs support μVN formation by providing paracrine growth factors whereas PCs directly interact with ECs to modify microvascular morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kosyakova
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Derek D. Kao
- Yale College of Undergraduate Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Maria Figetakis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | | | - Susann Spindler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Morven Graham
- Yale Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Kevin J. James
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jee Won Shin
- Yale College of Undergraduate Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Yale Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Gregory T. Tietjen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jordan S. Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - William G. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okubo Y, Masuyama R, Iwanaga A, Koike Y, Kuwatsuka Y, Ogi T, Yamamoto Y, Endo Y, Tamura H, Utani A. Calcification in dermal fibroblasts from a patient with GGCX syndrome accompanied by upregulation of osteogenic molecules. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177375. [PMID: 28494010 PMCID: PMC5426700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) gene mutation causes GGCX syndrome (OMIM: 137167), which is characterized by pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-like symptoms and coagulation impairment. Here, we present a 55-year-old male with a novel homozygous deletion mutation, c.2,221delT, p.S741LfsX100, in the GGCX gene. Histopathological examination revealed calcium deposits in elastic fibers and vessel walls, and collagen accumulation in the mid-dermis. Studies of dermal fibroblasts from the patient (GGCX dermal fibroblasts) demonstrated that the mutated GGCX protein was larger, but its expression level and intracellular distribution were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type GGCX protein. Immunostaining and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed an increase in undercarboxylated matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (ucMGP), a representative substrate of GGCX and a potent calcification inhibitor, indicating that mutated GGCX was enzymatically inactive. Under osteogenic conditions, calcium deposition was exclusively observed in GGCX dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, GGCX dermal fibroblast cultures contained 23- and 7.7-fold more alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells than normal dermal fibroblast cultures (n = 3), without and with osteogenic induction, respectively. Expression and activity of ALP were higher in GGCX dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts upon osteogenic induction. mRNA levels of other osteogenic markers were also higher in GGCX dermal fibroblasts than in normal dermal fibroblasts, which including bone morphogenetic protein 6, runt-related transcription factor 2, and periostin (POSTN) without osteogenic induction; and osterix, collagen type I alpha 2, and POSTN with osteogenic induction. Together, these data indicate that GGCX dermal fibroblasts trans-differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. This study proposes another mechanism underlying aberrant calcification in patients with GGCX syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Okubo
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin (ReCYD), Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Masuyama
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Iwanaga
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Koike
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuwatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology Research, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Endo
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Utani
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao J, Guihard PJ, Blazquez-Medela AM, Guo Y, Liu T, Boström KI, Yao Y. Matrix Gla protein regulates differentiation of endothelial cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:1-7. [PMID: 26364300 PMCID: PMC4703505 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins and expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Lack of MGP causes vascular abnormalities in multiple organs in mice. The objective of this study is to define the role of MGP in early endothelial differentiation. We find that expression of endothelial markers is highly induced in Mgp null organs, which, in wild type, contain high MGP expression. Furthermore, Mgp null embryonic stem cells express higher levels of endothelial markers than wild-type controls and an abnormal temporal pattern of expression. We also find that the Mgp-deficient endothelial cells adopt characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. We conclude that loss of MGP causes dysregulation of early endothelial differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pierre J Guihard
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Ana M Blazquez-Medela
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yina Guo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dong Fang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1570, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waters JP, Kluger MS, Graham M, Chang WG, Bradley JR, Pober JS. In vitro self-assembly of human pericyte-supported endothelial microvessels in three-dimensional coculture: a simple model for interrogating endothelial-pericyte interactions. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:324-31. [PMID: 23860328 DOI: 10.1159/000353303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for coculture of macro- or microvascular human endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) within a 3-dimensional (3-D) protein matrix resulting in lumenized EC cords invested by PCs. To prevent apoptotic cell death of ECs in 3-D culture, human umbilical vein or dermal microvascular ECs were transduced to express the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. To prevent PC-mediated gel contraction, the collagen-fibronectin gel was polymerized within a polyglycolic acid nonwoven matrix. Over the first 24-48 h, EC-only gels spontaneously formed cords that developed lumens via vacuolization; such vascular networks were maintained for up to 7 days. In EC-PC cocultures, PCs were recruited to the EC networks. PC investment of EC cords both limited the lumen diameter and increased the degree of vascular network arborization. Peg and socket junctions formed between ECs and PCs in this system, but dye transfer, indicative of gap junction formation, was not observed. This simple system can be used to analyze bidirectional signals between ECs and PCs in a 3-D geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Waters
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
BCL2 expression in CD105 positive neoangiogenic cells and tumor progression in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:805-14. [PMID: 22322190 PMCID: PMC3625836 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The angiogenic microenvironment has been known to be a component of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma since its initial characterization. We have shown that angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma endothelial cells produce vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA), and participate in lymphoma progression. In squamous cell carcinoma, endothelial BCL2 expression induces a crosstalk with tumor cells through VEGFA, a major mediator of tumoral angiogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed BCL2 and VEGFA in 30 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, using triple immunofluorescence to identify protein coexpression in well-characterized lymphoma cells and microenvironment neoangiogenic endothelial cells. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we assessed mRNA expression levels in laser-microdissected endothelial and lymphoma cells. In lymphoma cells, as in endothelial cells, BCL2 and VEGFA proteins were coexpressed. BCL2 was expressed only in neoangiogenic CD34(+)CD105(+) endothelial cells. In laser-microdissected cells, mRNA studies showed a significant relationship between BCL2 and VEGFA levels in CD34(+) endothelial cells, but not in CD3(+)CD10(+)lymphoma cells, or in CD34(+) endothelial cells from lymph node hyperplasia. Further study showed that, in AITL, BCL2 mRNA levels in CD34(+)CD105(+) neoangiogenic endothelial cells also correlated with microvessel density, International Prognostic Index, Ann Arbor stage, bone marrow involvement and elevated LDH. BCL2 expression by CD105(+) neoangiogenic endothelial cells is related to tumor progression in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Key Words
- adult
- aged
- aged, 80 and over
- antigens, cd
- analysis
- antigens, cd34
- case-control studies
- chi-square distribution
- disease progression
- disease-free survival
- endothelial cells
- chemistry
- immunology
- pathology
- female
- fluorescent antibody technique
- humans
- immunoblastic lymphadenopathy
- genetics
- metabolism
- mortality
- therapy
- kaplan-meier estimate
- laser capture microdissection
- lymph nodes
- blood supply
- lymphoma, t-cell
- male
- microvessels
- middle aged
- multivariate analysis
- neovascularization, pathologic
- paris
- proportional hazards models
- proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2
- rna, messenger
- real-time polymerase chain reaction
- receptors, cell surface
- risk assessment
- risk factors
- time factors
- treatment outcome
- tumor markers, biological
- tumor microenvironment
- vascular endothelial growth factor a
- angioimmunolbastic t-cell lyphoma, bcl2, cd105, endothelial cell, neoangiogenesis, vegf
Collapse
|
6
|
Krampe B, Fagan A, Gaora PÓ, Al-Rubeai M. Chemostat-based transcriptional analysis of growth rate change and BCL-2 over-expression in NS0 cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1603-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
7
|
Krampe B, Al-Rubeai M. Cell death in mammalian cell culture: molecular mechanisms and cell line engineering strategies. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:175-88. [PMID: 20502964 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamentally important problem in cell lines used by the biopharmaceutical industry. Environmental stress, which can result from nutrient depletion, by-product accumulation and chemical agents, activates through signalling cascades regulators that promote death. The best known key regulators of death process are the Bcl-2 family proteins which constitute a critical intracellular checkpoint of apoptosis cell death within a common death pathway. Engineering of several members of the anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 family genes in several cell types has extended the knowledge of their molecular function and interaction with other proteins, and their regulation of cell death. In this review, we describe the various modes of cell death and their death pathways at molecular and organelle level and discuss the relevance of the growing knowledge of anti-apoptotic engineering strategies to inhibit cell death and increase productivity in mammalian cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Krampe
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|