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Zhuang H, Fujikura Y, Ohkura N, Higo-Yamamoto S, Mishima T, Oishi K. A ketogenic diet containing medium-chain triglycerides reduces REM sleep duration without significant influence on mouse circadian phenotypes. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112852. [PMID: 37254426 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) affect the circadian rhythms of behavior and clock gene expression in experimental animals. However, these diets were designed to simulate a fasting state; thus, whether these effects are caused by diet-induced ketogenesis or persistent starvation is difficult to distinguish. The present study aimed to define the effects of a KD containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT-KD) that increase blood ketone levels without inducing carbohydrate starvation, on circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Mice were fed with a normal diet (CTRL) or MCT-KD for 2 weeks. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels were significantly increased up to 2 mM by the MCT-KD, whereas body weight gain and blood glucose levels were identical between the groups, suggesting that ketosis accumulated without carbohydrate starvation in the MCT-KD mice. Circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity and core body temperature were almost identical, although wheel-running was slightly reduced in the MCT-KD mice. The circadian expression of the core clock genes, Per1, Per2, Bmal1, and Dbp in the hypothalamus, heart, liver, epididymal adipose tissues, and skeletal muscle were almost identical between the CTRL and MCT-KD mice, whereas the amplitude of hepatic Per2 and adipose Per1 expression was increased in MCT-KD mice. The MCT-KD reduced the duration of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep without affecting the duration of non-REM sleep and the duration of wakefulness. These findings suggested that the impact of ketone bodies on circadian systems are limited, although they might reduce locomotor activity and REM sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotong Zhuang
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Fujikura
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Laboratory of Host Defense, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taiga Mishima
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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2
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Geng YJ, Smolensky M, Sum-Ping O, Hermida R, Castriotta RJ. Circadian rhythms of risk factors and management in atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular disease: Modern chronobiological perspectives of an ancient disease. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:33-62. [PMID: 35758140 PMCID: PMC10355310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2080557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that appears to have been as prevalent in ancient as in modern civilizations, is predisposing to life-threatening and life-ending cardiac and vascular complications, such as myocardial and cerebral infarctions. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves intima plaque buildup caused by vascular endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol deposition, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue accumulation. Hypertension is an independent and controllable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conversely, atherosclerosis hardens the arterial wall and raises arterial blood pressure. Many CVD patients experience both atherosclerosis and hypertension and are prescribed medications to concurrently mitigate the two disease conditions. A substantial number of publications document that many pathophysiological changes caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension occur in a manner dependent upon circadian clocks or clock gene products. This article reviews progress in the research of circadian regulation of vascular cell function, inflammation, hemostasis and atherothrombosis. In particular, it delineates the relationship of circadian organization with signal transduction and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as disturbance of the sleep/wake circadian rhythm, as exemplified by shift work, metabolic syndromes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as promoters and mechanisms of atherogenesis and risk for non-fatal and fatal CVD outcomes. This article additionally updates advances in the clinical management of key biological processes of atherosclerosis to optimally achieve suppression of atherogenesis through chronotherapeutic control of atherogenic/hypertensive pathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Geng
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Smolensky
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Sum-Ping
- The Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Hermida
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Telecommunication Technologies (atlanTTic), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Richard J. Castriotta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Williams PT. Quantile-specific heritability of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1, aka SERPINE1) and other hemostatic factors. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2559-2571. [PMID: 34273240 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1, aka SERPINE1) is a moderately heritable glycoprotein that regulates fibrin clot dissolution (fibrinolysis). OBJECTIVES Test whether the heritabilities (h2 ) of PAI-1 and other hemostatic factors are constant throughout their distribution or whether they are quantile-specific (i.e., a larger or smaller h2 depending on whether their concentrations are high or low). METHODS Quantile regression was applied to 5606 parent-offspring pairs and 5310 full siblings of the Framingham Heart Study. Quantile-specific heritability was estimated from the parent-offspring regression slope (βPO , h2 = 2βPO /(1+rspouse )) and the full-sib regression slope (βFS , h2 = {(1+8rspouse βFS )0.5 -1}/(2rspouse )). RESULTS Heritability (h2 ± SE) increased significantly with increasing percentiles of the offspring's age- and sex-adjusted PAI-1 distribution when estimated from βPO (plinear trend = 0.0001): 0.09 ± 0.02 at the 10th, 0.09 ± 0.02 at the 25th, 0.16 ± 0.02 at the 50th, 0.29 ± 0.04 at the 75th, and 0.26 ± 0.08 at the 90th percentile of the PAI-1 distribution, and when estimated from βFS (plinear trend = 6.5x10-7 ). There was no significant evidence for quantile-specific heritability for factor VII (plinear trend = 0.35), D-dimer (plinear trend = 0.08), tPA (plinear trend = 0.74), or von Willebrand factor (plinear trend = 0.79). CONCLUSION Higher mean plasma PAI-1 antigen concentrations tend to accentuate genetic effects (quantile-dependent expressivity), which is consistent with the greater reported differences in PAI-1 concentrations between rs1799889 SERPINE1 (4G/5G) genotypes in patients with osteonecrosis, meningococcal sepsis, obesity, prior myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome than in healthy controls. It is also consistent with the greater increases in PAI-1 concentrations in 4G-allele carriers than 5G/5G homozygotes following fibrinolytic treatment, low-salt intake, and high saturated fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Berkeley, CA, USA
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4
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Wang W, Duan X, Huang Z, Pan Q, Chen C, Guo L. The GH-IGF-1 Axis in Circadian Rhythm. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:742294. [PMID: 34566581 PMCID: PMC8458700 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.742294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have developed common behavioral and physiological adaptations to the influence of the day/night cycle. The CLOCK system forms an internal circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during light/dark input. The SCN may synchronize the growth hormone (GH) secretion rhythm with the dimming cycle through somatostatin neurons, and the change of the clock system may be related to the pulsatile release of GH. The GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and clock system may interact further on the metabolism through regulatory pathways in peripheral organs. We have summarized the current clinical and animal evidence on the interaction of clock systems with the GH-IGF-1 axis and discussed their effects on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Use of a Highly Antioxidant Diet in the Regulation of Adipose Tissue Secretion in Patients after the BIB Procedure. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051108. [PMID: 34067712 PMCID: PMC8156671 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global problem. The secretory activity of adipose tissue causes inflammation and disturbs metabolic parameters. Low-invasive bariatric procedures are an alternative to surgical treatment, especially in individuals who do not qualify for surgery or in whom conservative treatment does not bring the expected results. The diets designed for bariatric patients contained an increased proportion of bioflavonoids. The dietary components were carefully selected to provide anti-inflammatory effects. The experimental diets showed an antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 433–969 µM TE/100 g or 100 mL, reducing ability (FRAP) of 13–58 µM TE/100 g or 100 mL, and total polyphenol content of 80–250 mg catechins/100 g or 100 mL. Lower levels of adipocytokines were obtained in the blood of patients following the diet. The results of the present study showed the participation of some adipocytokines in the regulation of energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism, glucose level, blood pressure and inflammation. Diet therapy should yield positive results in the long term, with the possibility of using immune modulation in personalized therapy for metabolic syndrome.
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6
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Liu JA, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Disruptions of Circadian Rhythms and Thrombolytic Therapy During Ischemic Stroke Intervention. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675732. [PMID: 34177452 PMCID: PMC8222607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several endogenous and exogenous factors interact to influence stroke occurrence, in turn contributing to discernable daily distribution patterns in the frequency and severity of cerebrovascular events. Specifically, strokes that occur during the morning tend to be more severe and are associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure, increased hospital stay, and worse outcomes, including mortality, compared to strokes that occur later in the day. Furthermore, disrupted circadian rhythms are linked to higher risk for stroke and play a role in stroke outcome. In this review, we discuss the interrelation among core clock genes and several factors contributing to ischemic outcomes, sources of disrupted circadian rhythms, the implications of disrupted circadian rhythms in foundational stroke scientific literature, followed by a review of clinical implications. In addition to highlighting the distinct daily pattern of onset, several aspects of physiology including immune response, endothelial/vascular and blood brain barrier function, and fibrinolysis are under circadian clock regulation; disrupted core clock gene expression patterns can adversely affect these physiological processes, leading to a prothrombotic state. Lastly, we discuss how the timing of ischemic onset increases morning resistance to thrombolytic therapy and the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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7
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PAI-1, the Plasminogen System, and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197066. [PMID: 32993026 PMCID: PMC7582753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is a critical proteolytic system responsible for the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The master regulator of the plasminogen system, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), has been implicated for its role in exacerbating various disease states not only through the accumulation of ECM (i.e., fibrosis) but also its role in altering cell fate/behaviour. Examination of PAI-1 has extended through various tissues and cell-types with recent investigations showing its presence in skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the role of this protein has been implicated throughout the regeneration process, and in skeletal muscle pathologies (muscular dystrophy, diabetes, and aging-driven pathology). Needless to say, the complete function of this protein in skeletal muscle has yet to be fully elucidated. Given the importance of skeletal muscle in maintaining overall health and quality of life, it is critical to understand the alterations—particularly in PAI-1—that occur to negatively impact this organ. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of PAI-1 in skeletal muscle health and function. We aim to shed light on the relevance of this protein in skeletal muscle and propose potential therapeutic approaches to aid in the maintenance of skeletal muscle health.
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8
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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10
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Carmona P, Mendez N, Ili CG, Brebi P. The Role of Clock Genes in Fibrinolysis Regulation: Circadian Disturbance and Its Effect on Fibrinolytic Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32231582 PMCID: PMC7083126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is critical during the onset of fibrinolysis, a fundamental mechanism for fibrin degradation. Both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) trigger fibrinolysis, leading to proteolytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin and subsequently fibrin proteolysis. This system is regulated by several inhibitors; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the most studied, binds to and inactivates both tPA and uPA. Through the action of plasmin, this system regulates several physiological processes: embryogenesis, activation of inflammatory cells, cell proliferation and death, synaptic plasticity, wound healing, and others. The deregulated intervention of fibrinolysis in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been widely studied; findings of altered functioning have been reported in different chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), reinforcing its pleiotropic character and the importance of its physiology and regulation. The evidence indicates that fundamental elements of the fibrinolytic system, such as tPA and PAI-1, show a circadian rhythm in their plasmatic levels and their gene expression are regulated by circadian system elements, known as clock genes – Bmal, Clock, Cry-, and accessory clock genes such as Rev-Erb and Ror. The disturbance in the molecular machinery of the clock by exposure to light during the night alters the natural light/dark cycle and causes disruption of the circadian rhythm. Such exposure affects the synchronization and functioning of peripheral clocks responsible for the expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system. So, this circadian disturbance could be critical in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases where this system has been found to be deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carmen G Ili
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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11
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Carmona P, Pérez B, Trujillo C, Espinosa G, Miranda F, Mendez N, Torres-Farfan C, Richter HG, Vergara K, Brebi P, Sarmiento J. Long-Term Effects of Altered Photoperiod During Pregnancy on Liver Gene Expression of the Progeny. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1377. [PMID: 31824324 PMCID: PMC6883370 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between an adverse intrauterine environment and chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) like cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. An important risk factor for CVD is the deregulation of the fibrinolytic system particularly high levels of expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Pai-1). Chronic exposure to altered photoperiod disrupts the circadian organization of physiology in the pregnant female, known as gestational chronodisruption, and cause long-term effects on the adult offspring's circadian physiology. The Pai-1 expression is regulated by the molecular components of the circadian system, termed clock genes. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of chronic photoperiod shifts (CPS) during pregnancy on the expression of the clock genes and the fibrinolytic system in the liver of adult male offspring. Our results using an animal model demonstrated statistically significant differences at the transcriptional level in males gestated under CPS. At 90 days of postnatal age, the liver transcript levels of the clock gene Bmal1 were downregulated, whereas Rorα, Rorγ, Nfil3, and Pai-1 were upregulated. Our data indicate that CPS during pregnancy affects gene expression in the liver of male adult progeny, showing that alteration of the photoperiod in the mother's environment leads to persistent effects in the offspring. In conclusion, these results reveal for the first time the long-term effects of gestational chronodisruption on the transcriptional activity of one well-established risk factor associated with CVD in the adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Pérez
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fernando Miranda
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudia Torres-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hans G. Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Vergara
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Laboratorio de Cronoinmunología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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12
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Jiang Q, Liu H, Wang S, Wang J, Tang Y, He Z, Wu F, Huang Z, Cong X, Ding R, Liang C. Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation by upregulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:869-879. [PMID: 30124738 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between clock circadian regulator circadian locomotor output cycles kaput gene (CLOCK) and the forming of atherosclerotic plaques and its underlying mechanisms, mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and atherosclerosis (AS) mouse model were recruited for our study. The apoE gene knockout mouse was used as the model of AS and we accelerated the formation of unstable plaques through the combination of carotid artery ligation and high-fat (HF) diet administration (0.2% cholesterol, 20% fat). The mRNA and protein expressions of CLOCK in peripheral blood monouclear cells of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients or mouse AS model were detected by qPCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The number of adherent cells and atherosclerotic plaques was counted to assess the effects of CLOCK on the progression of ACS, and adherence-associated genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), and CCL-5. The results showed that CLOCK expression was significantly increased in both ACS patients and AS mouse model. The levels of CLOCK, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), perilipin 2 (ADFP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as well as the number of atherosclerotic plaques were elevated in the AS mouse model, as compared with the control group. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that CLOCK bound directly to the promoter of PAI-1 gene and CLOCK could positively regulate the expressions of LIF, ICAM-1, ADFP, NF-κB, and PAI-1. Reduction of CLOCK expression would decrease the expressions of VCAM-1, CCL-2, and CCL-5, and the number of adherent cells and atherosclerotic plaques, but these effects were neutralized when PAI-1 was simultaneously overexpressed in either mouse model or MAECs. Our results demonstrate that CLOCK overexpression triggers the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by directly upregulating PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyun Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehua Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Vani A, Schwartzbard A, Weintraub HS. Biomarkers as Surrogates for Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010166. [PMID: 30371246 PMCID: PMC6201466 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Vani
- Division of CardiologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
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Rebalka IA, Cao AW, Raleigh MJ, Henriksbo BD, Coleman SK, Schertzer JD, Hawke TJ. Statin Therapy Negatively Impacts Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Cutaneous Wound Repair in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1088. [PMID: 29311999 PMCID: PMC5742241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Those with diabetes invariably develop complications including cardiovascular disease (CVD). To reduce their CVD risk, diabetics are generally prescribed cholesterol-lowering 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (i.e., statins). Statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, but also reduce the synthesis of a number of mevalonate pathway intermediates, leading to several cholesterol-independent effects. One of the pleiotropic effects of statins is the reduction of the anti-fibrinolytic hormone plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We have previously demonstrated that a PAI-1 specific inhibitor alleviated diabetes-induced delays in skin and muscle repair. Here we tested if statin administration, through its pleiotropic effects on PAI-1, could improve skin and muscle repair in a diabetic rodent model. Six weeks after diabetes onset, adult male streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ), and WT mice were assigned to receive control chow or a diet enriched with 600 mg/kg Fluvastatin. Tibialis anterior muscles were injured via Cardiotoxin injection to induce skeletal muscle injury. Punch biopsies were administered on the dorsal scapular region to induce injury of skin. Twenty-four days after the onset of statin therapy (10 days post-injury), tissues were harvested and analyzed. PAI-1 levels were attenuated in statin-treated diabetic tissue when compared to control-treated tissue, however no differences were observed in non-diabetic tissue as a result of treatment. Muscle and skin repair were significantly attenuated in Fluvastatin-treated STZ-diabetic mice as demonstrated by larger wound areas, less mature granulation tissue, and an increased presence of smaller regenerating muscle fibers. Despite attenuating PAI-1 levels in diabetic tissue, Fluvastatin treatment impaired cutaneous healing and skeletal muscle repair in STZ-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew W Cao
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Raleigh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha K Coleman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Frendl I, Katko M, Galgoczi E, Boda J, Zsiros N, Nemeti Z, Bereczky Z, Hudak R, Kappelmayer J, Erdei A, Turchanyi B, Nagy EV. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1: A Possible Novel Biomarker of Late Pituitary Dysfunction after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:3238-3244. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Frendl
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Monika Katko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Galgoczi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Boda
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Noemi Zsiros
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Nemeti
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bereczky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renata Hudak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Janos Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Erdei
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bela Turchanyi
- Department of Trauma and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre V. Nagy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Svenningsen P, Hinrichs GR, Zachar R, Ydegaard R, Jensen BL. Physiology and pathophysiology of the plasminogen system in the kidney. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1415-1423. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Oishi K, Ohkura N, Yasumoto Y, Yamamoto S. Circadian fluctuations in circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are independent of feeding cycles in mice. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:254-259. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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19
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Kaji H. Adipose Tissue‐Derived Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor‐1 Function and Regulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1873-1896. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Palmieri O, Mazzoccoli G, Bossa F, Maglietta R, Palumbo O, Ancona N, Corritore G, Latiano T, Martino G, Rubino R, Biscaglia G, Scimeca D, Carella M, Annese V, Andriulli A, Latiano A. Systematic analysis of circadian genes using genome-wide cDNA microarrays in the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome. Chronobiol Int 2016; 32:903-16. [PMID: 26172092 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous analysis of the transcripts of thousands of genes by cDNA microarrays allows the identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in disease pathophysiology. The circadian clock circuitry controls essential cell processes and the functioning of organ systems, which are characterized by rhythmic variations with 24-hour periodicity. The derangement of these processes is involved in the basic mechanisms of inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. We evaluated by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis the transcriptome of endoscopic mucosal biopsies of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) focusing on the expression of circadian genes in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-nine IBD patients (15 with CD and 14 with UC) were enrolled and mucosal biopsies were sampled at either inflamed or adjacent non-inflamed areas of the colon. A total of 150 circadian genes involved in pathways controlling crucial cell processes and tissue functions were investigated. In CD specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 21 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. In UC specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 27 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. Among the core clock genes ARNTL2 and RORA were up-regulated, while CSNK2B, NPAS2, PER1 and PER3 were down-regulated in CD specimens. Conversely, ARNTL2, CRY1, CSNK1E, RORA and TIPIN were up-regulated, while NR1D2 and PER3 were down-regulated in UC. In conclusion, in CD and UC patients there are differences in the expression of circadian genes between normal and diseased intestinal mucosa. The deregulated genes evidenced by transcriptome analysis in the major IBDs may play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Gastroenterology and
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21
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Bidirectional Relationships and Disconnects between NAFLD and Features of the Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:367. [PMID: 26978356 PMCID: PMC4813227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a wide spectrum of liver disease from simple steatosis, to steatohepatitis, (both with and without liver fibrosis), cirrhosis and end-stage liver failure. NAFLD also increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and both HCC and end stage liver disease may markedly increase risk of liver-related mortality. NAFLD is increasing in prevalence and is presently the second most frequent indication for liver transplantation. As NAFLD is frequently associated with insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycaemia, NAFLD is often considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. There is growing evidence that this relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is bidirectional, in that NAFLD can predispose to metabolic syndrome features, which can in turn exacerbate NAFLD or increase the risk of its development in those without a pre-existing diagnosis. Although the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic syndrome is frequently bidirectional, recently there has been much interest in genotype/phenotype relationships where there is a disconnect between the liver disease and metabolic syndrome features. Such potential examples of genotypes that are associated with a dissociation between liver disease and metabolic syndrome are patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) (I148M) and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 protein (TM6SF2) (E167K) genotypes. This review will explore the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, and will also discuss recent insights from studies of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genotypes that may give insight into how and why metabolic syndrome features and liver disease are linked in NAFLD.
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22
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23
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Sakakibara H, Torii Yasuda M, Shimoi K. Effects of environmental and social stressors on biological rhythms. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kayoko Shimoi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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24
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Abstract
The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), respectively. Critically, circadian rhythms are evident in the function of all 3 cell types. In this review, we describe these oscillations, explore their mechanistic bases, and highlight their key implications. Since erythrocytes are anucleate, circadian rhythms in these cells testify to the existence of a nontranscriptional circadian clock. From a clinical perspective, leukocyte rhythms could underlie daily variation in the severity of allergic reactions, the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the body’s response to infection, while the rhythmic properties of thrombocytes may explain daily fluctuations in the incidence of heart attack and stroke. Consequently, the efficacy of treatments for these conditions is likely to depend on the timing of their administration. Last, we outline preliminary evidence that circadian disruption in the hematologic system could contribute to the deleterious effects of poor diet, shift work, and alcohol abuse on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pritchett
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Akhilesh B. Reddy
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
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25
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Rebalka IA, Raleigh MJ, D'Souza DM, Coleman SK, Rebalka AN, Hawke TJ. Inhibition of PAI-1 Via PAI-039 Improves Dermal Wound Closure in Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:2593-602. [PMID: 25754958 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes impairs the ability to heal cutaneous wounds, leading to hospitalization, amputations, and death. Patients with diabetes experience elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), regardless of their glycemic control. It has been demonstrated that PAI-1-deficient mice exhibit improved cutaneous wound healing, and that PAI-1 inhibition improves skeletal muscle repair in mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus, leading us to hypothesize that pharmacologically mediated reductions in PAI-1 using PAI-039 would normalize cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (STZ-diabetic) mice. To simulate the human condition of variations in wound care, wounds were aggravated or minimally handled postinjury. Following cutaneous injury, PAI-039 was orally administered twice daily for 10 days. Compared with nondiabetic mice, wounds in STZ-diabetic mice healed more slowly. Wound site aggravation exacerbated this deficit. PAI-1 inhibition had no effect on dermal collagen levels or wound bed size. PAI-039 treatment failed to improve angiogenesis in the wounds of STZ-diabetic mice and blunted angiogenesis in the wounds of nondiabetic mice. Importantly, PAI-039 treatment significantly improved epidermal cellular migration and wound re-epithelialization compared with vehicle-treated STZ-diabetic mice. These findings support the use of PAI-039 as a novel therapeutic agent to improve diabetic wound closure and demonstrate the primary mechanism of its action to be related to epidermal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena A Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Raleigh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna M D'Souza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha K Coleman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra N Rebalka
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas J Hawke
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Aoshima Y, Sakakibara H, Suzuki TA, Yamazaki S, Shimoi K. Nocturnal light exposure alters hepatic Pai-1 expression by stimulating the adrenal pathway in C3H mice. Exp Anim 2015; 63:331-8. [PMID: 25077763 PMCID: PMC4206737 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested the possibility that nocturnal light exposure affects many biological processes in rodents, especially the circadian rhythm, an endogenous oscillation of approximately 24 h. However, there is still insufficient information about the physiological effects of nocturnal light exposure. In this study, we examined the changes in gene expression and serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a major component of the fibrinolytic system that shows typical circadian rhythmicity, in C3H/He mice. Zeitgeber time (ZT) was assessed with reference to the onset of light period (ZT0). Exposure to fluorescent light (70 lux) for 1 h in the dark period (ZT14) caused a significant increase in hepatic Pai-1 gene expression at ZT16. Serum PAI-1 levels also tended to increase, albeit not significantly. Expression levels of the typical clock genes Bmal1, Clock, and Per1 were significantly increased at ZT21, ZT16, and ZT18, respectively. Exposure to nocturnal light significantly increased plasma adrenalin levels. The effects of nocturnal light exposure on Pai-1 expression disappeared in adrenalectomized mice, although the changes in clock genes were still apparent. In conclusion, our results suggest that nocturnal light exposure, even for 1 h, alters hepatic Pai-1 gene expression by stimulating the adrenal pathway. Adrenalin secreted from the adrenal gland may be an important signaling mediator of the change in Pai-1 expression in response to nocturnal light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Aoshima
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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27
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Newgard CB, Pessin JE. Recent progress in metabolic signaling pathways regulating aging and life span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69 Suppl 1:S21-7. [PMID: 24833582 PMCID: PMC4022126 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The NIH Summit, Advances in Geroscience: Impact on Health Span and Chronic Disease, discusses several aspects of cellular degeneration that underlie susceptibility to chronic aging-associated diseases, morbidity, and mortality. In particular, the session on Metabolism focuses on the interrelationship between signal transduction, intermediary metabolism, and metabolic products and byproducts that contribute to pathophysiologic phenotypes and detrimental effects that occur during the aging process, thus leading to susceptibility to disease. Although it is well established that many metabolic pathways (ie, oxidative phosphorylation, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake) decline with age, it often remains uncertain if these are a cause or consequence of the aging process. Moreover, the mechanisms accounting for the decline in metabolic function remain enigmatic. Several novel and unexpected concepts are emerging that will help to define the roles of altered metabolic control in the degenerative mechanisms of aging. This brief review summarizes several of the topics to be discussed in the metabolism of aging session (http://www.geron.org/About%20Us/nih-geroscience-summit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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28
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Mazzoccoli G, Vinciguerra M, Papa G, Piepoli A. Circadian clock circuitry in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4197-4207. [PMID: 24764658 PMCID: PMC3989956 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers. Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, DNA damage recognition and repair, and apoptosis. Cell, tissue, organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery. Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis, and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption, that is, alteration of bodily temporal organization, is a cancer risk factor, and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers. In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.
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29
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Kruithof EKO, Dunoyer-Geindre S. Human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:243-54. [PMID: 24718307 DOI: 10.1160/th13-06-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA ) plays an important role in the removal of intravascular fibrin deposits and has several physiological roles and pathological activities in the brain. Its production by many other cell types suggests that t-PA has additional functions outside the vascular and central nervous system. Activity of t-PA is regulated at the level of its gene transcription, its mRNA stability and translation, its storage and regulated release, its interaction with cofactors that enhance its activity, its inhibition by inhibitors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 or neuroserpin, and its removal by clearance receptors. Gene transcription of t-PA is modulated by a large number of hormones, growth factors, cytokines or drugs and t-PA gene responses may be tissue-specific. The aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on t-PA function and regulation of its pericellular activity, with an emphasis on regulation of its gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K O Kruithof
- Egbert K.O. Kruithof, Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of internal medicine, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, University Medical Center CMU 9094, 1 Rue Michel Servet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 3795493 or +41 22 3795567, E-mail:
| | - S Dunoyer-Geindre
- Sylvie Dunoyer-Geindre, Division of Angiology and Hemostasis, Department of internal medicine, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, University Medical Center CMU 9094, 1 Rue Michel Servet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Tel.: +41 22 3795493 or +41 22 3795567, E-mail:
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Tsang AH, Kolbe I, Seemann J, Oster H. Interaction of circadian and stress systems in the regulation of adipose physiology. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 19:103-15. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEndogenous circadian clocks facilitate the adaptation of physiology and behavior to recurring environmental changes brought about by the Earth’s rotation around its axis. Adipose tissues harbor intrinsic circadian oscillators based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops built from a set of clock genes that regulate important aspects of lipid metabolism and adipose endocrine function. These adipocyte clocks are reset via neuronal and endocrine pathways originating from a master circadian pacemaker residing in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. One important mediator of circadian output is the stress hormone cortisol, which, at the same time, is one of the major regulators of adipose physiology. In this review we summarize recent findings on the interaction between circadian and stress systems in the regulation of adipose physiology and discuss the implications of this crosstalk for the development of metabolic disorders associated with circadian disruption and/or chronic stress, for example in shift workers.
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The circadian clock and the hypoxic response pathway in kidney cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Chronic circadian clock disruption induces expression of the cardiovascular risk factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2013; 24:106-8. [PMID: 23249568 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32835bfdf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Links between shift work and increases in metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases have been documented in detail, although the underlying causes remain obscure. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a key regulator of fibrinolysis that is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. We examined the effect of experimental chronic circadian clock disruption on PAI-1 expression in mice. Mice were exposed to chronic phase shifts and fed with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Chronic phase shifts resulted in increased plasma PAI-1 level through inducing PAI-1 mRNA expression and decreasing tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA expression in the liver. Chronic circadian clock disruption might induce hypofibrinolysis and increase the risk of cardiovascular events by inducing the PAI-1 gene expression in obese individuals.
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The molecular clock regulates circadian transcription of tissue factor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:332-5. [PMID: 23291174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is involved in endotoxin-induced inflammation and mortality. We found that the circadian expression of TF mRNA, which peaked at the day to night transition (activity onset), was damped in the liver of Clock mutant mice. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses using embryonic fibroblasts derived from wild-type or Clock mutant mice showed that CLOCK is involved in transcription of the TF gene. Furthermore, the results of real-time luciferase reporter experiments revealed that the circadian expression of TF mRNA is regulated by clock molecules through a cell-autonomous mechanism via an E-box element located in the promoter region.
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Huang J, Sabater-Lleal M, Asselbergs FW, Tregouet D, Shin SY, Ding J, Baumert J, Oudot-Mellakh T, Folkersen L, Johnson AD, Smith NL, Williams SM, Ikram MA, Kleber ME, Becker DM, Truong V, Mychaleckyj JC, Tang W, Yang Q, Sennblad B, Moore JH, Williams FMK, Dehghan A, Silbernagel G, Schrijvers EMC, Smith S, Karakas M, Tofler GH, Silveira A, Navis GJ, Lohman K, Chen MH, Peters A, Goel A, Hopewell JC, Chambers JC, Saleheen D, Lundmark P, Psaty BM, Strawbridge RJ, Boehm BO, Carter AM, Meisinger C, Peden JF, Bis JC, McKnight B, Öhrvik J, Taylor K, Franzosi MG, Seedorf U, Collins R, Franco-Cereceda A, Syvänen AC, Goodall AH, Yanek LR, Cushman M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Folsom AR, Basu S, Matijevic N, van Gilst WH, Kooner JS, Hofman A, Danesh J, Clarke R, Meigs JB, Kathiresan S, Reilly MP, Klopp N, Harris TB, Winkelmann BR, Grant PJ, Hillege HL, Watkins H, Spector TD, Becker LC, Tracy RP, März W, Uitterlinden AG, Eriksson P, Cambien F, Morange PE, Koenig W, Soranzo N, van der Harst P, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ, Hamsten A. Genome-wide association study for circulating levels of PAI-1 provides novel insights into its regulation. Blood 2012; 120:4873-81. [PMID: 22990020 PMCID: PMC3520624 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-06-436188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify novel associations between genetic variants and circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration, and examined functional implications of variants and genes that were discovered. A discovery meta-analysis was performed in 19 599 subjects, followed by replication analysis of genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 796 independent samples. We further examined associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, assessed the functional significance of the SNPs for gene expression in human tissues, and conducted RNA-silencing experiments for one novel association. We confirmed the association of the 4G/5G proxy SNP rs2227631 in the promoter region of SERPINE1 (7q22.1) and discovered genome-wide significant associations at 3 additional loci: chromosome 7q22.1 close to SERPINE1 (rs6976053, discovery P = 3.4 × 10(-10)); chromosome 11p15.2 within ARNTL (rs6486122, discovery P = 3.0 × 10(-8)); and chromosome 3p25.2 within PPARG (rs11128603, discovery P = 2.9 × 10(-8)). Replication was achieved for the 7q22.1 and 11p15.2 loci. There was nominal association with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease at ARNTL (P < .05). Functional studies identified MUC3 as a candidate gene for the second association signal on 7q22.1. In summary, SNPs in SERPINE1 and ARNTL and an SNP associated with the expression of MUC3 were robustly associated with circulating levels of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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Eftedal I, Jørgensen A, Røsbjørgen R, Flatberg A, Brubakk AO. Early genetic responses in rat vascular tissue after simulated diving. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:1201-7. [PMID: 23132759 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diving causes a transient reduction of vascular function, but the mechanisms behind this are largely unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze genetic reactions that may be involved in acute changes of vascular function in divers. Rats were exposed to 709 kPa of hyperbaric air (149 kPa Po(2)) for 50 min followed by postdive monitoring of vascular bubble formation and full genome microarray analysis of the aorta from diving rats (n = 8) and unexposed controls (n = 9). Upregulation of 23 genes was observed 1 h after simulated diving. The differential gene expression was characteristic of cellular responses to oxidative stress, with functions of upregulated genes including activation and fine-tuning of stress-responsive transcription, cytokine/cytokine receptor signaling, molecular chaperoning, and coagulation. By qRT-PCR, we verified increased transcription of neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (Nr4a3), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Serpine1), cytokine TWEAK receptor FN14 (Tnfrsf12a), transcription factor class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 40 (Bhlhe40), and adrenomedullin (Adm). Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1 subunit HIF1-α was stabilized in the aorta 1 h after diving, and after 4 h there was a fivefold increase in total protein levels of the procoagulant plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1) in blood plasma from diving rats. The study did not have sufficient power for individual assessment of effects of hyperoxia and decompression-induced bubbles on postdive gene expression. However, differential gene expression in rats without venous bubbles was similar to that of all the diving rats, indicating that elevated Po(2) instigated the observed genetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Eftedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Xiao YH, Yang LF, Feng XC, Yang H, Ma TH. Tanshinones increase fibrinolysis through inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:436-8. [PMID: 22533728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mazzoccoli G, Pazienza V, Panza A, Valvano MR, Benegiamo G, Vinciguerra M, Andriulli A, Piepoli A. ARNTL2 and SERPINE1: potential biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:501-11. [PMID: 22198637 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cathepsin and plasmin may favor cancer cell invasion degrading extracellular matrix. Plasmin formation from plasminogen is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). ARNTL2 activates the promoters of the PAI-1 gene, officially called SERPINE1, driving the circadian variation in circulating PAI-1 levels. METHODS We evaluated ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression in 50 colorectal cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissue and in colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found up-regulation of ARNTL2 (P = 0.004) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.002) in tumor tissue. A statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 mRNA levels and vascular invasion (P < 0.0001), and between high SERPINE1 mRNA levels and microsatellite instability (MSI-H and MSI-L, P = 0.025). Sorting the subjects into quartile groups, a statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 expression and lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), between high SERPINE1 expression and grading (P < 0.001) and between high SERPINE1 expression and MSI H-L (P < 0.0001). In SW480 cells, a more proliferative model compared to CaCo2 cells, there were higher mRNA levels of ARNTL2 (P < 0.001) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression is increased in colorectal cancer and in a highly proliferative colon cancer cell line and is related to tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as a fibroproliferative or abnormal fibroblast activation-related disease. Deregulation of wound healing leads to hyperactivation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the wound area, the pathological manifestation of fibrosis. The accumulation of excessive levels of collagen in the ECM depends on two factors: an increased rate of collagen synthesis and or decreased rate of collagen degradation by cellular proteolytic activities. The urokinase/tissue type plasminogen activator (uPA/tPA) and plasmin play significant roles in the cellular proteolytic degradation of ECM proteins and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. The activities of uPA/tPA/plasmin and plasmin-dependent MMPs rely mostly on the activity of a potent inhibitor of uPA/tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Under normal physiologic conditions, PAI-1 controls the activities of uPA/tPA/plasmin/MMP proteolytic activities and thus maintains the tissue homeostasis. During wound healing, elevated levels of PAI-1 inhibit uPA/tPA/plasmin and plasmin-dependent MMP activities, and, thus, help expedite wound healing. In contrast to this scenario, under pathologic conditions, excessive PAI-1 contributes to excessive accumulation of collagen and other ECM protein in the wound area, and thus preserves scarring. While the level of PAI-1 is significantly elevated in fibrotic tissues, lack of PAI-1 protects different organs from fibrosis in response to injury-related profibrotic signals. Thus, PAI-1 is implicated in the pathology of fibrosis in different organs including the heart, lung, kidney, liver, and skin. Paradoxically, PAI-1 deficiency promotes spontaneous cardiac-selective fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the significance of PAI-1 in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Mazzoccoli G, Piepoli A, Carella M, Panza A, Pazienza V, Benegiamo G, Palumbo O, Ranieri E. Altered expression of the clock gene machinery in kidney cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 66:175-9. [PMID: 22436651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Kidney cancer is associated with alteration in the pathways regulated by von Hippel-Lindau protein and hypoxia inducible factor α. Tight interrelationships have been evidenced between hypoxia response pathways and circadian pathways. The dysregulation of the circadian clock circuitry is involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clock gene machinery in kidney cancer. METHODS mRNA expression levels of the clock genes ARNTL1, ARNTL2, CLOCK, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, TIMELESS, TIPIN and CSNK1E and of the clock controlled gene SERPINE1 were evaluated by DNA microarray assays and by qRT-PCR in primary tumor and matched nontumorous tissue collected from a cohort of 11 consecutive kidney cancer patients. RESULTS In kidney tumor tissue, we found down-regulation of PER2 (median=0.658, Q1-Q3=0.562-0.744, P<0.01), TIMELESS (median=0.705, Q1-Q3=0.299-1.330, P=0.04) and TIPIN (median=0.556, Q1-Q3=0.385-1.945, P=0.01), up-regulation of SERPINE1 (median=1.628, Q1-Q3=0.339-4.071, P=0.04), whereas the expression of ARNTL2 (median=0.605, Q1-Q3=0.318-1.738, P=0.74) and CSNK1E (median=0.927, Q1-Q3=0.612-2.321, P=0.33) did not differ. A statistically significant correlation was evidenced between mRNA levels of PER2 and CSNKIE (r=0.791, P<0.01), PER2 and TIPIN (r=0.729, P=0.01), PER2 and SERPINE1 (r=0.704, P=0.01), TIMELESS and TIPIN (r=0.605, P=0.04), TIMELESS and CSNKIE (r=0.637, P=0.03), TIPIN and CSNKIE (r=0.940, P<0.01). CONCLUSION In kidney cancer, the circadian clock circuitry is deregulated and the altered expression of the clock genes might be involved in disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Oishi K, Koyanagi S, Ohkura N. Circadian mRNA expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors is organ-dependently disrupted in aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:994-9. [PMID: 21963655 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of aging on the circadian gene expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in the mouse tissues, we examined temporal mRNA expression profiles of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), tissue factor (TF), and thrombomodulin (TM) genes together with circadian clock genes in the brains, hearts and livers of young (5weeks old) and aged (15months old) mice. Cardiac mRNA expression of β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), a molecular marker of cardiac hypertrophy, was obviously increased in the aged mice. Rhythmic expression of the clock genes mPer2 and BMAL1 in these organs was almost identical between young and aged mice, whereas that of PAI-1, TF and TM mRNAs and of clock-controlled genes such as DBP and Dec1 were damped to low levels in the livers of aged mice. Expression levels of tPA mRNA were significantly decreased and those of TF were significantly elevated throughout the day in the brain of aged mice. Expression levels of PAI-1 in the heart of aged mice were continuously elevated over 2-fold the peak levels of young mice throughout the day. However, day/night fluctuations in plasma PAI-1 levels were unaffected by aging. Aging tissue- and time-dependently affects the mRNA expression of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. Aging-dependent constitutive PAI-1 induction in the heart might be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that is independent of plasma PAI-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Sakakibara H, Romanowski CP, Jakubcakova V, Flachskamm C, Shimoi K, Kimura M. Feeble awake effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in mice. Behav Brain Res 2011; 220:354-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Togashi H. A clockwork liver: Time for liver injury and repair. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:1060-2. [PMID: 20977564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2010.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Togashi
- Yamagata University Health Administration Center, and Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Oishi K, Uchida D, Ohkura N, Horie S. PPARα deficiency augments a ketogenic diet-induced circadian PAI-1 expression possibly through PPARγ activation in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nader N, Chrousos GP, Kino T. Interactions of the circadian CLOCK system and the HPA axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:277-86. [PMID: 20106676 PMCID: PMC2862789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organisms have developed concurrent behavioral and physiological adaptations to the strong influence of day/night cycles, as well as to unforeseen, random stress stimuli. These circadian and stress-related responses are achieved by two highly conserved and interrelated regulatory networks, the circadian CLOCK and stress systems, which respectively consist of oscillating molecular pacemakers, the Clock/Bmal1 transcription factors, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its end-effector, the glucocorticoid receptor. These systems communicate with one another at different signaling levels and dysregulation of either system can lead to development of pathologic conditions. In this review, we summarize the mutual physiologic interactions between the circadian CLOCK system and the HPA axis, and discuss their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George P. Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author Address correspondence and requests for materials and reprints to: Tomoshige Kino, M.D., Ph.D., Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Clinical Research Center, Rm. 1-3140, 10 Center Drive MSC 1109, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA, hone: 301-496-6417, Fax: 301-402-0884,
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Auer J, Camoin L, Guillonneau F, Rigourd V, Chelbi ST, Leduc M, Laparre J, Mignot TM, Vaiman D. Serum profile in preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction revealed by iTRAQ technology. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1004-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders that continue to increase across the industrialized world. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to metabolic syndrome and recent evidence has emerged to suggest that alterations in circadian systems and sleep participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight studies at the intersection of clinical medicine and experimental genetics that pinpoint how perturbations of the internal clock system, and sleep, constitute risk factors for disorders including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and even inflammation. An exciting aspect of the field has been the integration of behavioral and physiological approaches, and the emerging insight into both neural and peripheral tissues in disease pathogenesis. Consideration of the cell and molecular links between disorders of circadian rhythms and sleep with metabolic syndrome has begun to open new opportunities for mechanism-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Maury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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