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Do T, Vaculciakova S, Kluska K, Peris-Díaz MD, Priborsky J, Guran R, Krężel A, Adam V, Zitka O. Antioxidant-related enzymes and peptides as biomarkers of metallic nanoparticles (eco)toxicity in the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142988. [PMID: 39103097 PMCID: PMC11422181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased awareness of the impact of human activities on the environment has emerged in recent decades. One significant global environmental and human health issue is the development of materials that could potentially have negative effects. These materials can accumulate in the environment, infiltrate organisms, and move up the food chain, causing toxic effects at various levels. Therefore, it is crucial to assess materials comprising nano-scale particles due to the rapid expansion of nanotechnology. The aquatic environment, particularly vulnerable to waste pollution, demands attention. This review provides an overview of the behavior and fate of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment. It focuses on recent studies investigating the toxicity of different metallic NPs on aquatic organisms, with a specific emphasis on thiol-biomarkers of oxidative stress such as glutathione, thiol- and related-enzymes, and metallothionein. Additionally, the selection of suitable measurement methods for monitoring thiol-biomarkers in NPs' ecotoxicity assessments is discussed. The review also describes the analytical techniques employed for determining levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Do
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Vaculciakova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Kluska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Manuel David Peris-Díaz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Priborsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Guran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Zitka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Liu H, Chi R, Xu J, Guo J, Guo Z, Zhang X, Hou L, Zheng Z, Lu F, Xu T, Sun K, Guo F. DMT1-mediated iron overload accelerates cartilage degeneration in Hemophilic Arthropathy through the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167058. [PMID: 38331112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess iron contributes to Hemophilic Arthropathy (HA) development. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) delivers iron into the cytoplasm, thus regulating iron homeostasis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether DMT1-mediated iron homeostasis is involved in bleeding-induced cartilage degeneration and the molecular mechanisms underlying iron overload-induced chondrocyte damage. METHODS This study established an in vivo HA model by puncturing knee joints of coagulation factor VIII gene knockout mice with a needle, and mimicked iron overload conditions in vitro by treatment of Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). RESULTS We demonstrated that blood exposure caused iron overload and cartilage degeneration, as well as elevated expression of DMT1. Furthermore, DMT1 silencing alleviated blood-induced iron overload and cartilage degeneration. In hemophilic mice, articular cartilage degeneration was also suppressed by intro-articularly injection of DMT1 adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9). Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated the association between iron overload and cGAS-STING pathway. Further, iron overload triggered mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway activation, which could be effectively mitigated by DMT1 silencing. Additionally, we discovered that RU.521, a potent Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) inhibitor, successfully suppressed the downward cascades of cGAS-STING, thereby protecting against chondrocyte damage. CONCLUSION Taken together, DMT1-mediated iron overload promotes chondrocyte damage and murine HA development, and targeted DMT1 may provide therapeutic and preventive approaches in HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruimin Chi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Liangcai Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zehang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Wang X, He W, Wu X, Song X, Yang X, Zhang G, Niu P, Chen T. Exposure to volatile organic compounds is a risk factor for diabetes: A cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139424. [PMID: 37419158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more studies showed that environmental chemicals were associated with the development of diabetes. However, the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on diabetes remained uncertain and needed to be studied. This cross-sectional study examined whether exposure to low levels of VOCs was associated with diabetes, insulin resistance (TyG index) and glucose-related indicators (FPG,HbA1c, insulin) in the general population by using the NHANES dataset (2013-2014 and 2015-2016). We analyzed the association between urinary VOC metabolism (mVOCs) and these indicators in 1409 adults by multiple linear regression models or logistic regression models, further Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were performed for mixture exposure analysis. The results showed positive associations between multiple mVOCs and diabetes, TyG index, FPG, HbA1c and insulin, respectively. Among them, HPMMA concentration in urine was significantly positively correlated with diabetes and related indicators (TyG index, FPG and HbA1c), and the concentration of CEMA was significantly positively correlated with insulin. The positive association of mVOCs with diabetes and its related indicators was more significant in the female group and in the 40-59 years group. Thus, our study suggested that exposure to VOCs affected insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis, further affecting diabetes levels, which had important public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Gaoman Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Ali N, Xavier J, Engur M, Pv M, Bernardino de la Serna J. The impact of e-cigarette exposure on different organ systems: A review of recent evidence and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131828. [PMID: 37320902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is rapidly increasing worldwide and is promoted as a smoking cessation tool. The impact of traditional cigs on human health has been well-defined in both animal and human studies. In contrast, little is known about the adverse effects of e-cigs exposure on human health. This review summarizes the impact of e-cigs exposure on different organ systems based on the rapidly expanding recent evidence from experimental and human studies. A number of growing studies have shown the adverse effects of e-cigs exposure on various organ systems. The summarized data in this review indicate that while e-cigs use causes less adverse effects on different organs compared to traditional cigs, its long-term exposure may lead to serious health effects. Data on short-term organ effects are limited and there is no sufficient evidence on long-term organ effects. Moreover, the adverse effects of secondhand and third hand e-cigs vapour exposure have not been thoroughly investigated in previous studies. Although some studies demonstrated e-cigs used as a smoking cessation tool, there is a lack of strong evidence to support it. While some researchers suggested e-cigs as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking, their long-term exposure health effects remain largely unknown. Therefore, more epidemiological and prospective studies including mechanistic studies are needed to address the potential adverse health effects of e-cigs to draw a firm conclusion about their safe use. A wide variation in e-cigs products and the lack of standardized testing methods are the major barriers to evaluating the existing data. Specific regulatory guidelines for both e-cigs components and the manufacturing process may be effective to protect consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshad Ali
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Joseph Xavier
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
| | - Melih Engur
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohanan Pv
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
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Wang B, Liu W, Yu L, Ye Z, Cheng M, Qiu W, Zhou M, Ma J, Wang X, Yang M, Song J, Chen W. Acrolein Exposure Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Urban Adult Population-Based Cohort Study with Repeated Measures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7162-7173. [PMID: 37098180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is an identified high-priority hazardous air pollutant ubiquitous in daily life and associated with cardiometabolic risk that attracts worldwide attention. However, the etiology role of acrolein exposure in glucose dyshomeostasis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. This repeated-measurement prospective cohort study included 3522 urban adults. Urine/blood samples were repeatedly collected for determinations of acrolein metabolites (N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-l-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine; acrolein exposure biomarkers), glucose homeostasis, and T2D at baseline and a three-year follow-up. We found that each 3-fold increment in acrolein metabolites was cross-sectionally associated with 5.91-6.52% decrement in homeostasis model assessment-insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and 0.07-0.14 mmol/L, 4.02-4.57, 5.91-6.52, 19-20, 18-19, and 23-31% increments in fasting glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FPI), HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), risks of prevalent IR, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and T2D, respectively; longitudinally, participants with sustained-high acrolein metabolite levels had increased risks of incident IR, IFG, and T2D by 63-80, 87-99, and 120-154%, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, biomarkers of heme oxygenase-1 activity (exhaled carbon monoxide), lipid peroxidation (8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α), protein carbonylation (protein carbonyls), and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine) mediated 5.00-38.96% of these associations. Our study revealed that acrolein exposure may impair glucose homeostasis and increase T2D risk via mediating mechanisms of heme oxygenase-1 activation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Tellez CS, Grimes MJ, Juri DE, Do K, Willink R, Dye WW, Wu G, Picchi MA, Belinsky SA. Flavored E-cigarette product aerosols induce transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Lung Cancer 2023; 179:107180. [PMID: 36989612 PMCID: PMC10159902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES E-cigarettes are the most commonly used nicotine containing products among youth. In vitro studies support the potential for e-cigarettes to cause cellular stress in vivo; however, there have been no studies to address whether exposure to e-liquid aerosols can induce cell transformation, a process strongly associated with pre-malignancy. We examined whether weekly exposure of human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines to e-cigarette aerosols would induce transformation and concomitant changes in gene expression and promoter hypermethylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An aerosol delivery system exposed three HBEC lines to unflavored e-liquid with 1.2% nicotine, 3 flavored products with nicotine, or the Kentucky reference cigarette once a week for 12 weeks. Colony formation in soft agar, RNA-sequencing, and the EPIC Beadchip were used to evaluate transformation, genome-wide expression and methylation changes. RESULTS Jamestown e-liquid aerosol induced transformation of HBEC2 and HBEC26, while unflavored and Blue Pucker transformed HBEC26. Cigarette smoke aerosol transformed HBEC4 and HBEC26 at efficiencies up to 3-fold greater than e-liquids. Transformed clones exhibited extensive reprogramming of the transcriptome with common and distinct gene expression changes observed between the cigarette and e-liquids. Transformation by e-liquids induced alterations in canonical pathways implicated in lung cancer that included axonal guidance and NRF2. Gene methylation, while prominent in cigarette-induced transformed clones, also affected hundreds of genes in HBEC2 transformed by Jamestown. Many genes with altered expression or epigenetic-mediated silencing were also affected in lung tumors from smokers. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that exposure to e-liquid aerosols can induce a pre-malignant phenotype in lung epithelial cells. While the Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of flavored cartridge-based electric cigarettes, consumers switched to using flavored products through other devices. Our findings clearly support expanding studies to evaluate transformation potency for the major categories of e-liquid flavors to better inform risk from these complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S. Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Marcie J. Grimes
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Daniel E. Juri
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Randy Willink
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Wendy W. Dye
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Maria A. Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Steven A. Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
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Impact of sub-acute acrolein inhalation on the molecular regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in rat lung. Toxicol Lett 2023; 378:19-30. [PMID: 36806656 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, mitochondria are recognized as key players in the pathogenesis of a variety of smoking-associated lung diseases. Acrolein, a component of cigarette smoke, is a known driver of biological mechanisms underlying smoking-induced respiratory toxicity. The impact of sub-acute acrolein inhalation in vivo on key processes controlling mitochondrial homeostasis in cells of the airways however is unknown. In this study, we investigated the activity/abundance of a myriad of molecules critically involved in mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial quality control processes (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats that were sub-acutely exposed to filtered air or 3 ppm acrolein by whole-body inhalation (5 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Acrolein exposure induced a general inflammatory response in the lung as gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of Icam1 and Cinc1 (p < 0.1; p < 0.05). Acrolein significantly decreased enzyme activity of hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (p < 0.01), and decreased Pdk4 transcript levels (p < 0.05), suggestive of acrolein-induced changes in metabolic processes. Investigation of constituents of the mitochondrial biogenesis pathways and mitophagy machinery revealed no pronounced alterations. In conclusion, sub-acute inhalation of acrolein did not affect the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and quality control, which is in contrast to more profound changes after acute exposure in other studies.
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Scharf P, Rizzetto F, Xavier LF, Farsky SHP. Xenobiotics Delivered by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: Potential Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on the Pathogenesis of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10293. [PMID: 36142207 PMCID: PMC9498982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized as sustained damage to the renal parenchyma, leading to impaired renal functions and gradually progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) are underlying diseases of CKD. Genetic background, lifestyle, and xenobiotic exposures can favor CKD onset and trigger its underlying diseases. Cigarette smoking (CS) is a known modified risk factor for CKD. Compounds from tobacco combustion act through multi-mediated mechanisms that impair renal function. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) consumption, such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco devices, is growing worldwide. ENDS release mainly nicotine, humectants, and flavorings, which generate several byproducts when heated, including volatile organic compounds and ultrafine particles. The toxicity assessment of these products is emerging in human and experimental studies, but data are yet incipient to achieve truthful conclusions about their safety. To build up the knowledge about the effect of currently employed ENDS on the pathogenesis of CKD, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ENDS xenobiotic on DM, AH, and kidney functions were reviewed. Unraveling the toxic mechanisms of action and endpoints of ENDS exposures will contribute to the risk assessment and implementation of proper health and regulatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
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Wang B, Yu L, Liu W, Yang M, Fan L, Zhou M, Ma J, Wang X, Nie X, Cheng M, Qiu W, Ye Z, Song J, Chen W. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function alteration: Assessing the potential roles of oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium injury in a general adult population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107401. [PMID: 35850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a significant high priority hazardous air pollutant with pulmonary toxicity and the leading cause of most noncancer adverse respiratory effects among air toxics that draws great attention. Whether and how acrolein exposure impacts pulmonary function remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To assess the association of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function and the underlying roles of oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium integrity. METHODS Among 3,279 Chinese adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort, associations of urinary acrolein metabolites (N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, CEMA; N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, 3HPMA) as credible biomarkers of acrolein exposure with pulmonary function were analyzed by linear mixed models. Joint effects of biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine), inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP), and pulmonary epithelium integrity (Club cell secretory protein, CC16) with acrolein metabolites on pulmonary function and the mediating roles of these biomarkers were assessed. Besides, a subgroup (N = 138) was randomly recruited from the cohort to assess the stabilities of acrolein metabolites and their longitudinal associations with pulmonary function change in three years. RESULTS Significant inverse dose-response relationships between acrolein metabolites and pulmonary function were found. Each 10-fold increment in CEMA, 3HPMA, or ΣUACLM (CEMA + 3HPMA) was cross-sectionally related to a 68.56-, 40.98-, or 46.02-ml reduction in FVC and a 61.54-, 43.10-, or 50.14-ml reduction in FEV1, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acrolein metabolites with fair to excellent stabilities were found to be longitudinally associated with pulmonary function decline in three years. Joint effects of acrolein metabolites with 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, CRP, and CC16 on pulmonary function were identified. CRP significantly mediated 5.97% and 5.51% of CEMA-associated FVC and FEV1 reductions, respectively. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine significantly mediated 6.78%, 6.88%, and 7.61% of CEMA-, 3HPMA-, and ΣUACLM-associated FVC reductions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Acrolein exposure of general adults was cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to pulmonary function decline, which was aggravated and/or partly mediated by oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and pulmonary epithelium injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiuque Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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10
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Rietjens IMCM, Michael A, Bolt HM, Siméon B, Andrea H, Nils H, Christine K, Angela M, Gloria P, Daniel R, Natalie T, Gerhard E. The role of endogenous versus exogenous sources in the exposome of putative genotoxins and consequences for risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1297-1352. [PMID: 35249149 PMCID: PMC9013691 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The "totality" of the human exposure is conceived to encompass life-associated endogenous and exogenous aggregate exposures. Process-related contaminants (PRCs) are not only formed in foods by heat processing, but also occur endogenously in the organism as physiological components of energy metabolism, potentially also generated by the human microbiome. To arrive at a comprehensive risk assessment, it is necessary to understand the contribution of in vivo background occurrence as compared to the ingestion from exogenous sources. Hence, this review provides an overview of the knowledge on the contribution of endogenous exposure to the overall exposure to putative genotoxic food contaminants, namely ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acrylamide, acrolein, α,β-unsaturated alkenals, glycation compounds, N-nitroso compounds, ethylene oxide, furans, 2- and 3-MCPD, and glycidyl esters. The evidence discussed herein allows to conclude that endogenous formation of some contaminants appears to contribute substantially to the exposome. This is of critical importance for risk assessment in the cases where endogenous exposure is suspected to outweigh the exogenous one (e.g. formaldehyde and acrolein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Arand Michael
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hermann M Bolt
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Hartwig Andrea
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hinrichsen Nils
- Food Oils and Fats Research, ADM Hamburg AG, Research, Seehafenstraße 24, 21079, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kalisch Christine
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Mally Angela
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Pellegrino Gloria
- Scientific Affairs and Research, Luigi Lavazza SpA, Strada Settimo, 410, 10156, Turin, Italy
| | - Ribera Daniel
- Regulatory and Scientific Affairs EMEA, Cargill R&D, Havenstraat 84, 1800, Vivoorde, Belgium
| | - Thatcher Natalie
- Food Safety, Mondelez International, Bournville Lane, Birmingham, B30 2LU, UK
| | - Eisenbrand Gerhard
- Department of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Redding MC, Pan JH, Kim YJ, Batish M, Trabulsi J, Lee JH, Kim JK. Apiaceous vegetables protect against acrolein-induced pulmonary injuries through modulating hepatic detoxification and inflammation in C57BL/6 male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108939. [PMID: 35016997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein (Acr) is a reactive aldehyde in the environment. Acr causes oxidative stress and a cascade of catalytic events and has, thereby, been associated with increased risk of pulmonary diseases. Whether apiaceous vegetables (API) consumption can prevent Acr-induced pulmonary toxicity has not yet been explored hence, we investigated the effects of API on Acr-induced pulmonary damages in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were assigned into either negative control [NEG group; American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G diet only], positive control (POS group; AIN-93G+Acr) or API intervention group (API group; AIN-93G+21% API+Acr). After 1 week of dietary intervention, the POS and API mice were exposed to Acr (10 µmol/kg body weight/day) for 5 days. During the exposure period, assigned diets remained the same. Prominent indicators lung of toxicity of POS mice were found, including mucus accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and hemorrhage, all of which were ameliorated by the API. Serum and lung inflammation markers, such as a tumor necrosis factor alpha were also increased by Acr while reduced by API. In the liver, API upregulated expression of glutathione S-transferases, which enhanced the metabolism of Acr into water-soluble 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid for excretion. This is consistent with observed reductions in serum Acr-protein adducts. Taken together, our results suggest that API may provide protection against Acr-induced pulmonary damages and inflammation via enhancement of the hepatic detoxification of Acr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersady C Redding
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Jillian Trabulsi
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea.
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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12
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Tellez CS, Juri DE, Phillips LM, Do K, Thomas CL, Willink R, Dye WW, Wu G, Zhou Y, Irshad H, Kishida S, Kiyono T, Belinsky SA. Comparative Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Cigarette, Cigarillo, and Shisha Tobacco Products in Epithelial and Cardiac Cells. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:67-82. [PMID: 34390580 PMCID: PMC8557423 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology studies link cigarillos and shisha tobacco (delivered through a hookah waterpipe) to increased risk for cardiopulmonary diseases. Here we performed a comparative chemical constituent analysis between 3 cigarettes, 3 cigarillos, and 8 shisha tobacco products. The potency for genotoxicity and oxidative stress of each product's generated total particulate matter (TPM) was also assessed using immortalized oral, lung, and cardiac cell lines to represent target tissues. Levels of the carcinogenic carbonyl formaldehyde were 32- to 95-fold greater, while acrolein was similar across the shisha aerosols generated by charcoal heating compared to cigarettes and cigarillos. Electric-mediated aerosol generation dramatically increased acrolein to levels exceeding those in cigarettes and cigarillos by up to 43-fold. Equivalent cytotoxic-mediated cell death and dose response for genotoxicity through induction of mutagenicity and DNA strand breaks was seen between cigarettes and cigarillos, while minimal to no effect was observed with shisha tobacco products. In contrast, increased potency of TPM from cigarillos compared to cigarettes for inducing oxidative stress via reactive oxygen radicals and lipid peroxidation across cell lines was evident, while positivity was seen for shisha tobacco products albeit at much lower levels. Together, these studies provide new insight into the potential harmful effects of cigarillos for causing tobacco-associated diseases. The high level of carbonyls in shisha products, that in turn is impacted by the heating mechanism, reside largely in the gas phase which will distribute throughout the respiratory tract and systemic circulation to likely increase genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel E Juri
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Loryn M Phillips
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cindy L Thomas
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Randy Willink
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wendy W Dye
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Hammad Irshad
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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13
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Maxwell KD, Chuang J, Chaudhry M, Nie Y, Bai F, Sodhi K, Liu J, Shapiro JI. The potential role of Na-K-ATPase and its signaling in the development of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F234-F242. [PMID: 33356956 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00244.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prominent diseases affecting our population today. According to the Factsheet published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it effects approximately 15% of the total population in the United States in some way, shape, or form. Within the myriad of symptomatology associated with CKD, one of the most prevalent factors in terms of affecting quality of life is anemia. Anemia of CKD cannot be completely attributed to one mechanism or cause, but rather has a multifactorial origin in the pathophysiology of CKD. While briefly summarizing well-documented risk factors, this review, as a hypothesis, aims to explore the possible role of Na-K-ATPase and its signaling function [especially recent identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplification function] in the interwoven mechanisms of development of the anemia of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Maxwell
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Justin Chuang
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Muhammad Chaudhry
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Fang Bai
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Komal Sodhi
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.,Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Biomsedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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14
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Zhang S, Chen H, Zhang J, Li J, Hou H, Hu Q. The multiplex interactions and molecular mechanism on genotoxicity induced by formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures on human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105943. [PMID: 32659531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are common air pollutants with carcinogenicity. Genotoxicity of single aldehyde has been studied well, but the combined genotoxicity is rarely known. Here, we evaluated the combined genotoxicity of formaldehyde and acrolein on BEAS-2B cells in terms of DNA strands breakage, chromosome damage and gene mutation below subcytotoxic concentrations covering smoking-related concentrations. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanism was investigated further based on oxidative stress, DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), cell cycle and DNA damage-repair pathway. Co-exposure to formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures showed significantly synergistic interaction on DNA strands breakage and chromosome damage in a concentration/time-dependent manner, while antagonism was shown on the late genotoxic endpoints (e.g. cytoplasmic block micronucleus (CBMN) and HPRT gene mutation). Moreover, formaldehyde synergistically potentiated acrolein-induced S-phase arrest, inhibition of DNA repair and up-regulation of genes related to cell stress, which conversely strengtherned mixture-induced DNA/chromosome damage and finally resulted in antagonism on late genotoxic events. Additionally, formaldehyde-induced DNA damage mainly resulted from the direct covalent bonding (e.g. DPCs), while acrolein-induced DNA damage mainly generated from oxidative damage (e.g. oxidative stress), which dominated the synergistic DNA strand breakage induced by mixtures. Summarily, aldehyde mixtures (formaldehyde and acrolein) induced multiplex combined genotoxicity on BEAS-2B cells even at smoking-related concentrations, which was dependent on genotoxic endpoints and closely related to that formaldehyde potentiated acrolein-induced cell stress, S-phase arrest and inhibition of DNA repair. So prolonged exposure to aldehyde mixtures may have a more serious risk to respiratory system in animal and human than the expectation based on the toxicity of single aldehyde even at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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15
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Kühbacher U, Duxin JP. How to fix DNA-protein crosslinks. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 94:102924. [PMID: 32683310 PMCID: PMC7511601 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that act on DNA, or are in close proximity to it, can become inadvertently crosslinked to DNA and form highly toxic lesions, known as DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). DPCs are generated by different chemotherapeutics, environmental or endogenous sources of crosslinking agents, or by lesions on DNA that stall the catalytic cycle of certain DNA processing enzymes. These bulky adducts impair processes on DNA such as DNA replication or transcription, and therefore pose a serious threat to genome integrity. The large diversity of DPCs suggests that there is more than one canonical mechanism to repair them. Indeed, many different enzymes have been shown to act on DPCs by either processing the protein, the DNA or the crosslink itself. In addition, the cell cycle stage or cell type are likely to dictate pathway choice. In recent years, a detailed understanding of DPC repair during S phase has started to emerge. Here, we review the current knowledge on the mechanisms of replication-coupled DPC repair, and describe and also speculate on possible pathways that remove DPCs outside of S phase. Moreover, we highlight a recent paradigm shifting finding that indicates that DPCs are not always detrimental, but can also play a protective role, preserving the genome from more deleterious forms of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Kühbacher
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julien P Duxin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Wang L, Liu X, Chen L, Liu D, Yu T, Bai R, Yan L, Zhou J. Harmful chemicals of heat not burn product and its induced oxidative stress of macrophages at air-liquid interface: Comparison with ultra-light cigarette. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Bein K, Birru RL, Wells H, Larkin TP, Cantrell PS, Fagerburg MV, Zeng X, Leikauf GD. Albumin Protects Lung Cells against Acrolein Cytotoxicity and Acrolein-Adducted Albumin Increases Heme Oxygenase 1 Transcripts. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1969-1979. [PMID: 32530271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is an abundant protein in the lung lining fluid that forms an interface between lung epithelial cells and the external environment. In the lung, albumin can be targeted for adduction by inhaled acrolein. Acrolein, an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, reacts with biomolecules via Michael addition at the β-carbon or Schiff base formation at the carbonyl carbon. To gain insight into acrolein's mode of action, we investigated in vitro albumin-acrolein reactivity and the consequence of albumin adduction by acrolein on cytotoxicity and transcript changes in NCI-H441 and human airway epithelial cells (HAEC). Albumin protected NCI-H441 cells from acrolein toxicity. In addition, albumin inhibited acrolein-induced increase of transcripts associated with cellular stress response, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and antioxidant response, heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in HAEC cells. Acrolein-adducted albumin itself increased HMOX1 transcripts but not ATF3 transcripts. The HMOX1 transcript increase was inhibited by hydralazine, a carbonyl scavenger, suggesting that the carbonyl group of acrolein-adducted albumin mediated HMOX1 transcript increase. In acutely exposed C57BL/6J mice, bronchoalveolar lavage protein carbonylation increased. Acrolein-adducted albumin Cys34 was identified by nLC-MS/MS. These findings indicate that adduction of albumin by acrolein confers a cytoprotective function by scavenging free acrolein, decreasing a cellular stress response, and inducing an antioxidant gene response. Further, these results suggest that β-carbon reactivity may be required for acrolein's cytotoxicity and ATF3 transcript increase, and the carbonyl group of acrolein-adducted albumin can induce HMOX1 transcript increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiflai Bein
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Rahel L Birru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Heather Wells
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Theodore P Larkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Pamela S Cantrell
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Matthew V Fagerburg
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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18
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Anti-inflammatory Effect of AZD6244 on Acrolein-Induced Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:88-95. [PMID: 31786775 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, high levels of acrolein (a highly reactive α, β-unsaturated aldehyde) and acrolein adducts are detected in the brain of patients with CNS neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord injury. Our previous study supports this notion by showing acrolein as a neurotoxin in a Parkinsonian animal model. In the present study, the effect of AZD6244 (an ATP non-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor) on acrolein-induced neuroinflammation was investigated using BV-2 cells and primary cultured microglia. Our immunostaining study showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS, an inflammation inducer as a positive control) increased co-localized immunoreactivities of phosphorylated ERK and ED-1 (a biomarker of activated microglia) in the treated BV-2 cells. Similar elevation in co-localized immunoreactivities of phosphorylated ERK and ED-1 was detected in the acrolein-treated BV-2 cells. Furthermore, Western blot assay showed increases in phosphorylated ERK in BV-2 cells subjected to LPS (1 μg/mL) or acrolein (30 μM); these increases were blocked by AZD6244 (10 μM). At the same time, AZD6244 attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and cyclooxygenase-II (COX II, a pro-inflammatory enzyme). Consistently, AZD6244 reduced acrolein-induced elevations in COX-II mRNA and COX-II protein expression. In addition, AZD6244 inhibited acrolein-induced increases in activated caspase 1 (a biomarker of inflammasome activation) and heme oxygenase-1 (a redox-regulated chaperone protein) in BV-2 cells. Using a transwell migration assay, AZD6244 attenuated acrolein (5 μM)-induced migration of BV-2 cells and primary cultured microglia. In conclusion, our study shows that acrolein is capable of inducing neuroinflammation which involved ERK activation in microglia. Furthermore, AZD6244 is capable of inhibiting acrolein-induced neuroinflammation. Our study suggests that ERK inhibition may be a neuroprotective target against acrolein-induced neuroinflammation in the CNS neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wang T, Liu J, Tsou H, Liu T, Wang H. Identification of acrolein metabolites in human buccal cells, blood, and urine after consumption of commercial fried food. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1668-1676. [PMID: 31139379 PMCID: PMC6526626 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Acrolein is a highly electrophilic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde and is associated with human diseases. It is formed by Maillard reaction during food processing and could be detected in the emissions of overheated cooking oils. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through consumption of such prepared food. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted three human studies that healthy subjects (21-30 years) were served fried foods including fried chicken and French fries from three commercial fast food restaurants. Acrolein-related metabolites including urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA), serum acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-FDP), and buccal acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) along with GSH levels in serum or buccal cells were investigated for different times after consumption. CONCLUSION Urinary 3-HPMA levels were increased after 2-hr consumption of fried food with an elimination half-life of 10 hr. In addition, increased Acr-dG adducts in oral cavity were inversely correlated to buccal glutathione (GSH) levels after consumption. However, there was no significant change in systemic GSH levels or Acr-FDP adducts in serum. These results indicate that exposure of acrolein from consuming fried food affects local oral cavity homeostasis. This may provide a possible link between intake of fried food and increased risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse‐Wen Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jin‐Hui Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Han‐Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tsung‐Yun Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk AssessmentNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Tsui Wang
- Department of PharmacologyNational Yang‐Ming UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of studies have suggested that acrolein-induced lung injury and pulmonary diseases are associated with the depletion of antioxidants and the production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species may exert protective effects against acrolein-induced apoptosis. Because hesperetin, a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have an antioxidant activity, we investigated the effect of hesperitin against acrolein-induced apoptosis of lung cells. METHODS We evaluated the protective role of hesperetin in acrolein-induced lung injury using Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and mice. RESULTS Upon exposure of LLC cells and mice to acrolein, hesperetin ameliorated the lung inbjury through attenuation of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION In the present report, we demonstrate that hesperetin exhibits a protective effect against acrolein-induced apoptosis of lung cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our study provides a useful model to investigate the potential application of hesperetin for the prevention of lung diseases associated with acrolein toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Park
- a School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group , Kyungpook National University , Taegu , Korea.,b Department of Food and Biotechnology , Korea University , Sejong , Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Ku
- a School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group , Kyungpook National University , Taegu , Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- a School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group , Kyungpook National University , Taegu , Korea
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21
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Zhang S, Chen H, Wang A, Liu Y, Hou H, Hu Q. Combined effects of co-exposure to formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:25306-25314. [PMID: 29946839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
FA (formaldehyde) and ACR (acrolein) are common pollutants in environment, which often occur together in air. So, adverse health effects may not only result from their individual toxicity but also from the combined toxicity. While often studied alone, combination effects of these pollutants are inconclusive. Here, we examined the combined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of FA and ACR on A549 cells based on CCK-8 assay, comet assay, and cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay. FA and ACR mixtures showed significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity even at NOECs (no observed effect concentrations). Moreover, FA and ACR administrated jointly at doses from NOECs to sub-cytotoxic concentrations demonstrated significant interactions in cytotoxicity, DNA strand breaks, and chromosome damage. Co-exposure to FA and ACR significantly showed a lower responses on DNA strand break and chromosome damage than those expected for additivity, while an opposite result was obtained on cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results indicated that there was significant interactions on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity for FA and ACR, and prolonged exposure to mixtures of FA and ACR below sub-cytotoxic concentrations can produce a serious threat in human's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - An Wang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.
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Acrolein preferentially damages nucleolus eliciting ribosomal stress and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80450-80464. [PMID: 27741518 PMCID: PMC5348333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrolein (Acr) is a potent cytotoxic and DNA damaging agent which is ubiquitous in the environment and abundant in tobacco smoke. Acr is also an active cytotoxic metabolite of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. The mechanisms via which Acr exerts its anti-cancer activity and cytotoxicity are not clear. In this study, we found that Acr induces cytotoxicity and cell death in human cancer cells with different activities of p53. Acr preferentially binds nucleolar ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to form Acr-deoxyguanosine adducts, and induces oxidative damage to both rDNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Acr triggers ribosomal stress responses, inhibits rRNA synthesis, reduces RNA polymerase I binding to the promoter of rRNA gene, disrupts nucleolar integrity, and impairs ribosome biogenesis and polysome formation. Acr causes an increase in MDM2 levels and phosphorylation of MDM2 in A549 and HeLa cells which are p53 active and p53 inactive, respectively. It enhances the binding of ribosomal protein RPL11 to MDM2 and reduces the binding of p53 and E2F-1 to MDM2 resulting in stabilization/activation of p53 in A549 cells and degradation of E2F-1 in A549 and HeLa cells. We propose that Acr induces ribosomal stress which leads to activation of MDM2 and RPL11-MDM2 binding, consequently, activates p53 and enhances E2F-1 degradation, and that taken together these two processes induce apoptosis and cell death.
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Acrolein acts as a neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat: involvement of α-synuclein aggregation and programmed cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45741. [PMID: 28401906 PMCID: PMC5388849 DOI: 10.1038/srep45741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies report significant increases in acrolein (an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde) in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, acrolein-induced neurotoxicity in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was investigated by local infusion of acrolein (15, 50, 150 nmoles/0.5 μl) in the SN of Sprague-Dawley rats. Acrolein-induced neurodegeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was delineated by reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine transporter levels and TH-positive neurons in the infused SN as well as in striatal dopamine content. At the same time, apomorphine-induced turning behavior was evident in rats subjected to a unilateral infusion of acrolein in SN. Acrolein was pro-oxidative by increasing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and heme oxygenase-1 levels. Furthermore, acrolein conjugated with proteins at lysine residue and induced α-synuclein aggregation in the infused SN. Acrolein was pro-inflammatory by activating astrocytes and microglia. In addition, acrolein activated caspase 1 in the infused SN, suggesting acrolein-induced inflammasome formation. The neurotoxic mechanisms underlying acrolein-induced neurotoxicity involved programmed cell death, including apoptosis and necroptosis. Compared with well-known Parkinsonian neurotoxins, including 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and rotenone which do not exist in the SN of PD patients, our in vivo study shows that acrolein acts as a Parkinsonian neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat brain.
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Brettle M, Patel S, Fath T. Tropomyosins in the healthy and diseased nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:311-323. [PMID: 27298153 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is dependent on a plethora of actin-associated proteins in all eukaryotic cells. The family of tropomyosins plays a key role in controlling the function of several of these actin-associated proteins and their access to actin filaments. In order to understand the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in highly dynamic subcellular compartments of neurons such as growth cones of developing neurons and the synaptic compartment of mature neurons, it is pivotal to decipher the functional role of tropomyosins in the nervous system. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding and recent findings on the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by tropomyosins and potential implication that this has for the dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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26
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McElroy CS, Day BJ. Antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 100:1-11. [PMID: 26476351 PMCID: PMC4744107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuing horrors of military conflicts and terrorism often involve the use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Many CWA and TIC exposures are difficult to treat due to the danger they pose to first responders and their rapid onset that can produce death shortly after exposure. While the specific mechanism(s) of toxicity of these agents are diverse, many are associated either directly or indirectly with increased oxidative stress in affected tissues. This has led to the exploration of various antioxidants as potential medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC exposures. Studies have been performed across a wide array of agents, model organisms, exposure systems, and antioxidants, looking at an almost equally diverse set of endpoints. Attempts at treating CWAs/TICs with antioxidants have met with mixed results, ranging from no effect to nearly complete protection. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the literature in each category for evidence of oxidative stress and antioxidant efficacy against CWAs and TICs. While there is great disparity in the data concerning methods, models, and remedies, the outlook on antioxidants as medical countermeasures for CWA/TIC management appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McElroy
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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27
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Hughes R, Qian BZ, Rowan C, Muthana M, Keklikoglou I, Olson OC, Tazzyman S, Danson S, Addison C, Clemons M, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Joyce JA, De Palma M, Pollard JW, Lewis CE. Perivascular M2 Macrophages Stimulate Tumor Relapse after Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3479-91. [PMID: 26269531 PMCID: PMC5024531 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor relapse after chemotherapy-induced regression is a major clinical problem, because it often involves inoperable metastatic disease. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are known to limit the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy in preclinical models of cancer. Here, we report that an alternatively activated (M2) subpopulation of TAMs (MRC1(+)TIE2(Hi)CXCR4(Hi)) accumulate around blood vessels in tumors after chemotherapy, where they promote tumor revascularization and relapse, in part, via VEGF-A release. A similar perivascular, M2-related TAM subset was present in human breast carcinomas and bone metastases after chemotherapy. Although a small proportion of M2 TAMs were also present in hypoxic tumor areas, when we genetically ablated their ability to respond to hypoxia via hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2, tumor relapse was unaffected. TAMs were the predominant cells expressing immunoreactive CXCR4 in chemotherapy-treated mouse tumors, with the highest levels expressed by MRC1(+) TAMs clustering around the tumor vasculature. Furthermore, the primary CXCR4 ligand, CXCL12, was upregulated in these perivascular sites after chemotherapy, where it was selectively chemotactic for MRC1(+) TAMs. Interestingly, HMOX-1, a marker of oxidative stress, was also upregulated in perivascular areas after chemotherapy. This enzyme generates carbon monoxide from the breakdown of heme, a gas known to upregulate CXCL12. Finally, pharmacologic blockade of CXCR4 selectively reduced M2-related TAMs after chemotherapy, especially those in direct contact with blood vessels, thereby reducing tumor revascularization and regrowth. Our studies rationalize a strategy to leverage chemotherapeutic efficacy by selectively targeting this perivascular, relapse-promoting M2-related TAM cell population.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Chemokine CXCL12/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tamoxifen/administration & dosage
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Hughes
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Rowan
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Munitta Muthana
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Keklikoglou
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oakley C Olson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Simon Tazzyman
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Danson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Clemons
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Johanna A Joyce
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Claire E Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Fang L, Neutzner A, Turtschi S, Flammer J, Mozaffarieh M. The effect of Ginkgo biloba and Nifedipine on DNA breaks in circulating leukocytes of glaucoma patients. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2015.1043994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Golla U, Bandi G, Tomar RS. Molecular Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Allyl Alcohol (Acrolein) in Budding Yeast. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1246-64. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Goutham Bandi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Raghuvir S. Tomar
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology,
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal-462023, India
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30
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Jang JH, Bruse S, Huneidi S, Schrader RM, Monick MM, Lin Y, Carter AB, Klingelhutz AJ, Nyunoya T. Acrolein-exposed normal human lung fibroblasts in vitro: cellular senescence, enhanced telomere erosion, and degradation of Werner's syndrome protein. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:955-62. [PMID: 24747221 PMCID: PMC4154210 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental hazard to human health. Acrolein has been reported to activate the DNA damage response and induce apoptosis. However, little is known about the effects of acrolein on cellular senescence. OBJECTIVES We examined whether acrolein induces cellular senescence in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). METHODS We cultured NHLF in the presence or absence of acrolein and determined the effects of acrolein on cell proliferative capacity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, the known senescence-inducing pathways (e.g., p53, p21), and telomere length. RESULTS We found that acrolein induced cellular senescence by increasing both p53 and p21. The knockdown of p53 mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated acrolein-induced cellular senescence. Acrolein decreased Werner's syndrome protein (WRN), a member of the RecQ helicase family involved in DNA repair and telomere maintenance. Acrolein-induced down-regulation of WRN protein was rescued by p53 knockdown or proteasome inhibition. Finally, we found that acrolein accelerated p53-mediated telomere shortening. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that acrolein induces p53-mediated cellular senescence accompanied by enhanced telomere attrition and WRN protein down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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31
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Tanel A, Pallepati P, Bettaieb A, Morin P, Averill-Bates DA. Acrolein activates cell survival and apoptotic death responses involving the endoplasmic reticulum in A549 lung cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:827-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Guth S, Habermeyer M, Baum M, Steinberg P, Lampen A, Eisenbrand G. Thermally induced process-related contaminants: the example of acrolein and the comparison with acrylamide: opinion of the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2269-82. [PMID: 23970446 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated aliphatic carbonyl compounds are naturally widespread in food, but are also formed during the thermal treatment of food. This applies, for example, to the genotoxic carcinogen acrylamide (AA), but also to acrolein (AC), the simplest α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. First observations indicate that human exposure to AC may be higher than the exposure to AA. The DFG Senate Commission on Food Safety therefore compared data on AC and AA available in the scientific literature, evaluating current knowledge on formation, occurrence, exposure, metabolism, biological effects, toxicity, and carcinogenicity and defined knowledge gaps as well as research needs in an opinion on November 19, 2012, in German. The English version was agreed on April 17, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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33
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Nag D, Ghosh M, Mukherjee A. Antimutagenic and genoprotective effects of Saraca asoca bark extract. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:696-703. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713483200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Traditionally herbal formulations have been used effectively for the management of disorders that are now being accepted worldwide. Saraca asoca bark extract (SAE) finds use in traditional herbal medicine. In the present study, SAE were studied for their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antigenotoxic properties. Methods: SAE were evaluated for antimutagenic property in Salmonella strains (TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102), in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9). The SAE was also studied for antigenotoxic property against cyclophosphamide (CP) in Swiss albino male mice in vivo. The extract was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The study reveals antimutagenic property of the bark extract in Salmonella strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9). The study reports antigenotoxic property of the bark extract against CP in vivo. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species assay on the bark extract revealed antioxidant property. HPLC revealed the presence of two peaks corresponding to gallic acid and (−)-epicatechin, respectively. Conclusion: The study clearly reveals the antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Nag
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anita Mukherjee
- Cell Biology and Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Abraham K, Andres S, Palavinskas R, Berg K, Appel KE, Lampen A. Toxicology and risk assessment of acrolein in food. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1277-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Alvarez-González I, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Sánchez-García VY. Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice on the genotoxic damage induced by ifosfamide in mouse. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:369-373. [PMID: 20878358 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of grapefruit juice (GJ) has been associated with various activities potentially beneficial for human health, including protection against the DNA damage produced by various compounds. In the present report, we evaluated the capability of this juice to inhibit the rate of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by the antineoplastic alkylating agent ifosfamide (IF). We tested the effect of administering 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of GJ in mouse and obtained the following results: a) with the high dose, a reduction of 72% in the rate of SCE induced by IF; b) a mean reduction of 65.3% in the rate of MNPE compared with the damage induced by IF at 48 h post-administration; c) no modification induced by GJ either on the cellular proliferation kinetics or in the mitotic index; and d) neither induction of bone marrow cytotoxicity by GJ nor a protective effect of the juice against the cytotoxicity induced by IF. These data showed a significant inhibitory effect of GJ against the chromosome damage induced by the tested agent; they also suggest the relevance of carrying out studies to clarify the involved mechanism of action as well as to determine the cancer chemopreventive capacity of the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Alvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N., Av. Wilfredo Massieu s/n. Unidad Profesional A. Lopez Mateos, Zacatenco Col. Lindavista, Mexico City, CP 07738, Mexico
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Mohammad MK, Almasri IM, Tawaha K, Issa A, Al-Nadaf A, Hudaib M, Alkhatib HS, Abu-Gharbieh E, Bustanji Y. Antioxidant, antihyperuricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Hyoscyamus reticulatus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:1376-1383. [PMID: 20738177 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.483521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme in the pathophysiological homeostasis of hyperuricemia. It catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, the reaction involves the formation of free radical intermediates and superoxide byproducts. OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant, antihyperuricemic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potentials of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. (Solanaceae) extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant potency was measured using the ABTS•+ scavenging capacity system, which includes Trolox as a standard. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the extract was quantitated in vitro by measuring the decline in the catalytic rate of xanthine oxidase following incubations with the plant extracts and using xanthine as a substrate. The hypouricemic potential of the extract was evaluated using an in vivo model for hyperuricemia. We tested three different doses of the extract and allopurinol was used as standard antihyperuricemic positive control. RESULTS H. reticulatus aqueous extract exhibited significant antioxidant scavenging properties (533.26 μmol TE/g dry extract weight) and inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity (IC₅₀ 12.8 μg/mL). Furthermore, oral administration of the aqueous extract significantly reduced serum urate levels in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice in a dose-dependent manner. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the aqueous extract of H. reticulatus aerial parts might have great potential as an antioxidant and a hypouricemic agent. Our lab is currently identifying the active compounds in the extract to which the biological activities could be attributed.
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Mozaffarieh M, Konieczka K, Hauenstein D, Schoetzau A, Flammer J. Half a pack of cigarettes a day more than doubles DNA breaks in circulating leukocytes. Tob Induc Dis 2010; 8:14. [PMID: 21083877 PMCID: PMC2996352 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-8-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms by which smoking induces damage is not known for all diseases. One mechanism believed to play a role is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress leads to cellular damage including DNA damage, particularly DNA breaks. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that smokers have increased DNA breaks in their circulating leukocytes. Methods A comparative quantification of single-stranded DNA breaks was performed by comet assay analysis in the circulating leukocytes of ten healthy smokers (average smoking rate: half a pack a day, range: 9-12 cigarettes a day) and ten age and sex matched healthy non-smokers. DNA breaks lead to smaller pieces of DNA, which migrate out of the nucleus forming a tail during gel-electrophoresis. Damage of an individual cell was quantified by the parameters tail moment and olive moment. Results Smoking had a clear effect on both study parameters (tail and olive moment). Smokers had more than double the amount of ss-DNA breaks in their circulating leukocytes than non-smokers [tail moment: 0·75 AU [smokers] compared to 0·2 AU [non-smokers]; olive moment: 0·85 AU [smokers] compared to 0·3 AU [non-smokers]; both p < 0·001]. Conclusion Smoking half a pack a day interferes with DNA integrity. One potential explanation for the enhanced DNA breaks in smokers is oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneli Mozaffarieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Mittlere Strasse 91, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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Serpeloni JM, Grotto D, Mercadante AZ, de Lourdes Pires Bianchi M, Antunes LMG. Lutein improves antioxidant defense in vivo and protects against DNA damage and chromosome instability induced by cisplatin. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:811-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu XY, Yang ZH, Pan XJ, Zhu MX, Xie JP. Gene expression profile and cytotoxicity of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to crotonaldehyde. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197:113-22. [PMID: 20471460 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Crotonaldehyde is an environment pollutant and lipid peroxidation product. Crotonaldehyde produces adverse effects to humans and serves as a risk factor for human pulmonary diseases. Like acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal, crotonaldehyde seems likely to alter many cell signaling cascades, including inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional responses of normal human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to crotonaldehyde. Using microarrays technology, the global changes in transcriptional level were analyzed. Prior to RNA extraction, cells were exposed to crotonaldehyde at 40 or 80 microM for 3 or 6h. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to validate microarray data and cell cycle arrest was determined. The commonly differentially regulated genes in many biological processes were dysregulated including inflammatory responses, exogenous metabolism, cell cycle, heat shock responses, and antioxidant responses. Results in the present study screen out the important roles of HMOX1 in regulating other signaling cascades and ALDH1A3 in detoxifying exogenous toxicants. Collectively, our study demonstrated that crotonaldehyde altered gene expression profile in the genome-wide transcriptional level in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. And many of them represented potential mechanisms of crotonaldehyde causing cytotoxicity and tissue injury in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Liu XY, Zhu MX, Xie JP. Mutagenicity of acrolein and acrolein-induced DNA adducts. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:36-44. [PMID: 20158384 DOI: 10.3109/15376510903530845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein mutagenicity relies on DNA adduct formation. Reaction of acrolein with deoxyguanosine generates alpha-hydroxy-1, N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (alpha-HOPdG) and gamma-hydroxy-1, N(2)-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine (gamma-HOPdG) adducts. These two DNA adducts behave differently in mutagenicity. gamma-HOPdG is the major DNA adduct and it can lead to interstrand DNA-DNA and DNA-peptide/protein cross-links, which may induce strong mutagenicity; however, gamma-HOPdG can be repaired by some DNA polymerases complex and lessen its mutagenic effects. alpha-HOPdG is formed much less than gamma-HOPdG, but difficult to be repaired, which contributes to accumulation in vivo. Results of acrolein mutagenicity studies haven't been confirmed, which is mainly due to the conflicting mutagenicity data of the major acrolein adduct (gamma-HOPdG). The minor alpha-HOPdG is mutagenic in both in vitro and in vivo test systems. The role of alpha-HOPdG in acrolein mutagenicity needs further investigation. The inconsistent result of acrolein mutagenicity can be attributed, at least partially, to a variety of acrolein-DNA adducts formation and their repair in diverse detection systems. Recent results of detection of acrolein-DNA adduct in human lung tissues and analysis of P53 mutation spectra in acrolein-treated cells may shed some light on mechanisms of acrolein mutagenicity. These aspects are covered in this mini review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-yu Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China
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Srujana K, Begum SS, Rao KN, Devi GS, Jyothy A, Prasad MH. Application of the comet assay for assessment of oxidative DNA damage in circulating lymphocytes of Tetralogy of Fallot patients. Mutat Res 2010; 688:62-5. [PMID: 20227426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a common and severe cyanotic congenital heart defect characterized by frequent episodes of hypoxia due to cyanosis. The hypoxia of cyanotic heart disease results in a down-regulation of antioxidant defenses, making cells vulnerable to oxidant damage, which subsequently leads to the single strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage. Quantification of DNA damage was performed in circulating lymphocytes of Tetralogy of Fallot patients (n=63) and healthy controls (n=65). The damage of DNA was assessed by alkaline comet assay in lymphocytes isolated from all children followed by silver staining. The DNA migrates out of the nucleus forming a tail, which represents the extent of DNA damage in individual cells. TOF patients exerted a higher percent of comet tails, which are indicative of DNA damage, when compared to control children (p<0.001). The mean comet tail length was significantly higher in TOF patients (2.57+/-0.29) when compared with healthy controls (1.28+/-0.32). The results showed that hypoxia is associated with an increase in the level of oxidants and a simultaneous decrease in the level of antioxidants in patients. Hence, the present study concludes unequivocally that hypoxia causes oxidative DNA damage in TOF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kola Srujana
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad 500016, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Roy J, Pallepati P, Bettaieb A, Tanel A, Averill-Bates DA. Acrolein induces a cellular stress response and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:154-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Minko IG, Kozekov ID, Harris TM, Rizzo CJ, Lloyd RS, Stone MP. Chemistry and biology of DNA containing 1,N(2)-deoxyguanosine adducts of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:759-78. [PMID: 19397281 PMCID: PMC2685875 DOI: 10.1021/tx9000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and trans-4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are products of endogenous lipid peroxidation, arising as a consequence of oxidative stress. The addition of enals to dG involves Michael addition of the N2-amine to give N2-(3-oxopropyl)-dG adducts, followed by reversible cyclization of N1 with the aldehyde, yielding 1,N2-dG exocyclic products. The 1,N2-dG exocyclic adducts from acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 4-HNE exist in human and rodent DNA. The enal-induced 1,N2-dG lesions are repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway in both Escherichia coli and mammalian cells. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing structurally defined 1,N2-dG adducts of acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and 4-HNE were synthesized via a postsynthetic modification strategy. Site-specific mutagenesis of enal adducts has been carried out in E. coli and various mammalian cells. In all cases, the predominant mutations observed are G→T transversions, but these adducts are not strongly miscoding. When placed into duplex DNA opposite dC, the 1,N2-dG exocyclic lesions undergo ring opening to the corresponding N2-(3-oxopropyl)-dG derivatives. Significantly, this places a reactive aldehyde in the minor groove of DNA, and the adducted base possesses a modestly perturbed Watson−Crick face. Replication bypass studies in vitro indicate that DNA synthesis past the ring-opened lesions can be catalyzed by pol η, pol ι, and pol κ. It also can be accomplished by a combination of Rev1 and pol ζ acting sequentially. However, efficient nucleotide insertion opposite the 1,N2-dG ring-closed adducts can be carried out only by pol ι and Rev1, two DNA polymerases that do not rely on the Watson−Crick pairing to recognize the template base. The N2-(3-oxopropyl)-dG adducts can undergo further chemistry, forming interstrand DNA cross-links in the 5′-CpG-3′ sequence, intrastrand DNA cross-links, or DNA−protein conjugates. NMR and mass spectrometric analyses indicate that the DNA interstand cross-links contain a mixture of carbinolamine and Schiff base, with the carbinolamine forms of the linkages predominating in duplex DNA. The reduced derivatives of the enal-mediated N2-dG:N2-dG interstrand cross-links can be processed in mammalian cells by a mechanism not requiring homologous recombination. Mutations are rarely generated during processing of these cross-links. In contrast, the reduced acrolein-mediated N2-dG peptide conjugates can be more mutagenic than the corresponding monoadduct. DNA polymerases of the DinB family, pol IV in E. coli and pol κ in human, are implicated in error-free bypass of model acrolein-mediated N2-dG secondary adducts, the interstrand cross-links, and the peptide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Minko
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Thompson CM, Quinn CA, Hergenrother PJ. Total Synthesis and Cytoprotective Properties of Dykellic Acid. J Med Chem 2008; 52:117-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801169s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Catherine A. Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Haberzettl P, Vladykovskaya E, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in acrolein-induced endothelial activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 234:14-24. [PMID: 18951912 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and an endogenous product of lipid peroxidation. It is also generated during the metabolism of several drugs and amino acids. In this study, we examined the effects of acrolein on endothelial cells. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 2 to 10 microM acrolein led to an increase in the phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha within 10 to 30 min of exposure. This was followed by alternate splicing of XBP-1 mRNA and an increase in the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone genes Grp78 and Herp. Within 2-4 h of treatment, acrolein also increased the abundance and the nuclear transport of the transcription factors ATF3, AFT4, and CHOP. Acrolein-induced increase in ATF3 was prevented by treating the cells with the chemical chaperone - phenylbutyric acid (PBA). Treatment with acrolein increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. The increase in JNK phosphorylation was prevented by PBA. Acrolein treatment led to activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and an increase in TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, but not MCP-1, mRNA. Increased expression of cytokine genes and NF-kappaB activation were not observed in cells treated with PBA. These findings suggest that exposure to acrolein induces ER stress and triggers the unfolded protein response and that NF-kappaB activation and stimulation of cytokine production by acrolein could be attributed, in part, to ER stress. Chemical chaperones of protein-folding may be useful in treating toxicological and pathological states associated with excessive acrolein exposure or production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Haberzettl
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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