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Wagman P, Karlsson L, Ekblad N, Håkansson C. Cognitive interviews on the Swedish occupational balance questionnaire. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2413144. [PMID: 39392448 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2413144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11) is a commonly used instrument for measuring self-rated occupational balance. It needs further development, and therefore an additional 11 tentative items have been developed. One aspect of this is studying the interpretations and reasoning of people responding to the items/instrument. AIM The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adults interpret and reason in relation to OBQ11 overall, the individual items in the instrument as well as the new tentative items. METHOD Cognitive interviews were conducted with eight participants varying in age, gender, living situation, education, native language, and self-reported disability. They were included using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling. The interviews were analysed using a content analysis with an inductive approach. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three main categories: 'Difficulties understanding the items' (with two subcategories), 'Structure of the instrument' (with four subcategories) and 'Missed perspectives in the instrument' (with four subcategories). CONCLUSIONS The participants considered the items and the instrument relevant for assessing occupational balance. However, the results also revealed the need for more clarifications and changed item order prior to introducing a potential new version of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wagman
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nina Ekblad
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Dhas BN, Alhadi SAAAA, Al That GMRD, Al Abdulla SSH. Psychometric properties of the Arabic Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-A). Ann Med 2024; 56:2346945. [PMID: 38677318 PMCID: PMC11057472 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2346945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational balance (OB) is a desirable outcome of rehabilitation because it is related to various health indices. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) is a self-report measure of occupational balance. AIMS/OBJECTIVES To examine the test-retest reliability, participant-level content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and convergent validity of an Arabic occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ11-A). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 103 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients, participant-level content validity using percentage of agreement in survey questions, construct validity using factor analysis, internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity by examining associations with quality-of-life. RESULTS Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values for the total OBQ11-A scores and individual items were greater than 0.7 between the test and retest. The majority of respondents endorsed the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the OBQ11-A. Cronbach's alpha for the OBQ11-A total score was 0.899. Nine of the 11 OBQ11-A items had factor loadings greater than 0.7. Moderate associations were found between the total OBQ11-A scores and physical health (n = 101; ρ = .52, p < .001), psychological health (n = 101; ρ = .49, p < .001), social relationships (n = 101; ρ = .36, p < .001), and environmental domains (n = 101; ρ = .57, p < .001) of the quality-of-life measure. CONCLUSIONS OBQ11-A demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties for research purposes.
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Friedman ZL, Banta C. A Call to Arms for Professional Sustainability and Practitioner's Mental Health. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:904-917. [PMID: 37282833 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2220127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite professional commitment to wellness, supporting and addressing clinician mental health and professional sustainability has not been historically prioritized or well-understood within the occupational therapy profession. This paper discusses how to build a mentally strong, resilient, sustainable current and future occupational therapy workforce at the personal and systemwide levels to prioritize practitioner mental health. Specific barriers to and support for practitioner occupational balance and mental health as well as systemwide professional sustainability are discussed highlighting a Model of the Interplay of Occupational Balance and Professional Sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava L Friedman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kean University College of Health Professions and Human Services, Hillside, NJ, USA
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Ortiz-Rubio A, Håkansson C, Rasmussen HP, Lexell EM. Occupational balance and stroke impact among community-dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older: a cross-sectional study. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:746-755. [PMID: 38711275 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational balance has been investigated in different populations but less in stroke survivors. Previous studies have focussed on occupational balance among stroke survivors of working age (15-64 years of age), showing they did not perceive they had occupational balance. There is, therefore, a lack of knowledge of how older stroke survivors perceive their occupational balance. The aims of this study were to describe occupational balance in community-dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older and to investigate if there were any associations between their perceived stroke impact and occupational balance. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed with 58 stroke survivors, with a median age of 75 years at stroke onset and a median time since stroke onset of 11 months. The participants were recruited from a local stroke register and answered questionnaires on occupational balance and stroke impact. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, correlations and logistic regression. RESULTS The participants had a median score of 29 (min 12 to max 33), indicating a very high occupational balance, a low stroke impact, and a good recovery (median 82.5; min 0 to max 100). An association between participation and occupational balance (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04-1.23) was found. CONCLUSION The stroke survivors perceived a low stroke impact and a high occupational balance. It is possible that older community-dwelling stroke survivors, of whom many have retired, juggle less occupations leaving them with more time to engage in those occupations they want to, leading to a better occupational balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Ortiz-Rubio
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hélène Pessah Rasmussen
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Månsson Lexell
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Barcheus IM, Ranner M, Månsson Lexell E, Jacobsson L, Larsson-Lund M. The Internet-Based Intervention Strategies for Empowering Activities in Everyday Life: Qualitative Study of Experiences of Clients With Stroke. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e56189. [PMID: 39146535 PMCID: PMC11362702 DOI: 10.2196/56189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to enhance access to and support for self-management of activities in everyday life after a stroke. Internet-based solutions have the potential to contribute to this development. Consequently, an internet-based intervention called Strategies for Empowering Activities in Everyday Life (SEE) was developed. The intervention aims to assist clients in developing management strategies that promote a healthy distribution and balanced engagement in various activities performed in different places and with other people. To further support the development and feasibility of this intervention, more knowledge is needed about clients' experiences during the intervention process. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore and describe how clients with stroke experienced the SEE intervention process and whether participation in SEE influenced their experience of everyday life. METHODS Overall, 9 clients with stroke who received SEE participated in the study-4 (44%) women and 5 (56%) men aged 37 to 73 years. Qualitative interviews about experiences with SEE were conducted twice during the intervention process with each participant. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory. RESULTS The participants' experiences with the intervention process of SEE formed the core category, conceptualized as The relevance of and readiness for entering a change process in activities of everyday life differ among clients, constituting of two main categories: (1) an eye-opener providing agency for a change process and (2) never beginning a change process in activities in everyday life. The results showed that the relevance of and readiness for SEE differed between the participants. The experiences of 78% (7/9) of the participants reflected that the intervention process provided them with an agency to drive their own change process for activities in everyday life to promote health. Overall, 22% (2/9) of the participants refrained from entering a change process during SEE as they did not recognize any need for changes in their activities. When SEE was relevant and adopted as expected, the participants described it as an eye-opener for how they can alter their health based on how they distribute and spend their time on various activities. CONCLUSIONS SEE has the potential to support clients' development of self-management and to take an active role in influencing their engagement in activities in everyday life and health. This study identified necessary improvements in the educational program for professionals to enhance delivery and strengthen the therapeutic mechanisms of SEE for future research. To effectively implement internet-based interventions such as SEE, it is crucial to identify clients who express a need for self-management in activities and are ready to invest the effort required to adopt a change process. Furthermore, it is indicated that participants' self-analysis of their everyday activities empowers them to adopt new self-management strategies, which can also benefit other interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Maria Barcheus
- Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation-Occupational Therapy, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ranner
- Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation-Occupational Therapy, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eva Månsson Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Disorders, and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund-Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Jacobsson
- Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation-Occupational Therapy, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson-Lund
- Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation-Occupational Therapy, Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Lindberg M, Larsson-Lund M, Berg Jansson A, Ranner M. Employer representatives' experiences of supporting employees with cognitive impairments in a digital work environment. Work 2024:WOR230690. [PMID: 38820057 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital work poses cognitive demands on all employees, but the impact is greater for employees with cognitive impairments. Digitalization also has significant implications for employer representatives as they are responsible for the work environment. However, knowledge is scarce concerning employer representatives' perspectives on identifying needs and support for employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital work environment. OBJECTIVE To describe employer representatives' experiences of work environment management with focus on employees with cognitive impairments working in a digital environment. METHODS Focus group methodology was used. Six employer representatives with work environment responsibilities participated. RESULTS One overall theme "Mastering the interconnected processes in a transformative digital work environment" as well as three themes "Facilitating good digital work conditions", "Identifying needs and difficulties in work tasks among employees' with cognitive impairments" and "Pursuing knowledge and collaborations to support employees with cognitive impairments" with subthemes were identified. The themes describe employer representatives' challenges and efforts to identify fluctuating needs in employees with cognitive impairments and, also, to organize and reduce cognitive demands in the work environment to support them. CONCLUSIONS Managing the challenges of an evolving digital work environment and matching individual work ability of employees with cognitive impairments in relation to cognitive demands is an ongoing process. The participants valued cooperation with employees with cognitive impairments but lacked support from expertise. The need to develop and implement a functioning support system for vocational rehabilitation to ensure a sustainable work in digital work environments is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lindberg
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson-Lund
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anna Berg Jansson
- Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Division of Humans and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ranner
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Leenders JMP, Geurts ACH, Steultjens EMJ, Packer TL, Cup EHC. Test-retest reliability of three life balance measures in people with neuromuscular disease: the activity card sort-NL, the activity calculator, and the occupational balance questionnaire. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2138-2144. [PMID: 37212794 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2213482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Life balance is a new and important concept in occupational therapy. New measurements are needed to assess and evaluate life balance and interventions aimed to achieve this concept. This article describes the test-retest reliability of three life balance measures: the Activity Calculator (AC), Activity Card Sort (ACS-NL(18-64)) and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-NL). METHOD Data collection took place among 50 participants with neuromuscular diseases: facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD, n = 25) or mitochondrial myopathy (MM, n = 25). The AC, the ACS-NL(18-64) and the OBQ11-NL were assessed twice with an interval of one week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC-agreement) were applied to examine test-retest reliability. RESULTS The ICC of the AC-average total day score was .95 (95% CI .91-.97), whereas the ICC of the weights allocated to each activity was 0.80 (95% CI .77-0.82). The ICC of the ACS-NL(18-64) percentage retained activities was 0.92 (95% CI 0.86 - 0.96) and the ICC of the importance score per activity was- .76 (95% CI . 0.68-0.89). The ICC of the OBQ11-NL total score was .76 (95% CI 0.62-0.86). CONCLUSION All three tools showed good to excellent test-retest reliability in a sample of patients with FSHD or MM, which is promising for its use in clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M P Leenders
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A C H Geurts
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E M J Steultjens
- School of Allied Health, HAN, University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T L Packer
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - E H C Cup
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Parsonage-Harrison J, Eklund M, Dawes H. A Delphi method investigation to prioritize activity-related determinants thought to affect mental health in adolescent populations. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38327246 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergent mental illness during adolescence affects daily functioning, causing disruption to daily activities, routines, and patterns. Multiple inter-related personal, social and environmental determinants influence the onset, nature and subsequent course of those difficulties. Research suggests a bi-directional relationship exists between mental health and activity choices. Activity-focused interventions such as occupational therapy may improve adolescent mental health related outcomes. In this study, we identify and select which activity-related determinants should be prioritized in the development of an occupation therapy-based intervention for adolescents with emerging mental health difficulties using expert consensus. METHOD A modified two-round Delphi survey method was conducted with occupational therapists and researchers to ascertain a consensus opinion on the prioritization of specific activity-related determinants that influence 16- to 17-year-olds'. RESULTS Eighty-nine determinants were identified and prioritized. Fourteen of these were personal activity-related determinants including 'types of activity' in which young people engage, the 'balance of activities' in which they engage, their 'over and under consumptions of activities', and their 'underdeveloped occupation-based coping skills'. The expert panel prioritized 'personal self-confidence', 'values', and 'perception of confidence' in relation to the activities adolescents do. CONCLUSIONS This study generated a detailed picture of the activity-related determinants that are important in adolescence, and aligns with the adolescent model of occupational choice. Our findings have potential to inform activity-related intervention development and policy. Further research is needed, particularly to understand young people's perspectives on these determinants and to investigate the determinants that would benefit from further empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Dawes
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Now Exeter University, Exeter, UK
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Brolin R, Tjörnstrand C, Friis M, Argentzell E, Bejerholm U, Eklund M, Brunt D. "It's not just the residents who need to be motivated for activity": a qualitative study of the perspectives of staff on providing activity support for people with psychiatric disabilities in supported housing in Sweden. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1322859. [PMID: 38250283 PMCID: PMC10797039 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1322859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The goals for staff in Supported Housing for people with psychiatric disabilities include helping to develop the residents' independence and self-confidence in activities. However, staff have expressed frustration about providing this type of support when motivating residents to engage in meaningful activities and also about the difficulty in finding suitable levels of independence within a housing setting with limitations. Objective The aim is to explore the views and experiences of housing staff in Supported Housing on how they can stimulate and support engagement in activities for people with psychiatric disabilities. Methods Twenty-six members of staff from 20 supported housing units in 10 municipalities in Sweden were interviewed in five focus groups. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and the transcribed material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Three main categories emerged from the analysis: Multi-faceted factors influencing the staff's provision of activity support, Staff's approach for supporting activities, and Staff's struggles to develop their work. Obstacles to participating in activities in the community were identified. Many contrasting factors were found, such as spontaneous or structured activities and individual or group activities, which affected the staff's ability to motivate to activity. Conclusion A broad approach encompassing in-house training including a focus on values, recruitment policies, staff supervision and interventions focusing on both residents and staff are ways to support staff in motivating residents toward being more active within Supported Housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Brolin
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Carina Tjörnstrand
- Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mette Friis
- Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Argentzell
- Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bejerholm
- Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mona Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences/Mental Health, Activity and Participation, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Brunt
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Morville AL, Wagman P, Håkansson C. A Rasch analysis of the Danish version of the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ11). Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2327356. [PMID: 38498981 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2327356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBQ11 was developed in a Swedish context. To evaluate occupational balance, accurate self-rating instruments in the native language are needed. AIM The aim was to investigate the measurement properties of the Danish version of OBQ11, using the Rasch analysis. METHOD Data for the analysis of the Danish version of OBQ11 (OBQ11-DK) was gathered online, and all full data records (n 366) were included in the analysis. RESULTS Three items showed non-significant marginal under- or overfit, suggesting a degree of misfit between the data and the Rasch model. Unidimensionality was not reached, though, since the proportion of persons with different estimates were more than 5% and thus the OBQ11-DK cannot be said to assess a person's perception of occupational balance. CONCLUSION The present version of the OBQ11-DK shows the need for further development and testing and is not tested for test/retest or in clinical samples. The results and small number of items may after modifications and further studies make it feasible to implement OBQ11-DK into settings where the measuring of occupational balance is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Le Morville
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Petra Wagman
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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Granholm Valmari E, Andersson J, Johansson A, Nygren U. Defining the complexities of an occupational pattern-A concept analysis and theoretical validation. Scand J Occup Ther 2024; 31:2362840. [PMID: 38889321 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2362840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of an occupational pattern in occupational therapy and occupational science has evolved with varying definitions, ranging from activity patterns to patterns of daily occupation. AIMS This study aimed to explore the concept of occupational pattern, develop an updated definition of the concept, and theoretically validate the concept's definition. METHOD Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used, where both theoretical frameworks and peer-reviewed scientific literature were searched and synthesized to clarify and define the concept. Furthermore, seven occupational therapists theoretically validated the concept. FINDINGS The analysis included forty-nine references from various research contexts and theoretical perspectives. The synthesis yielded a conceptualization of the concept of occupational pattern, outlining it into three overarching categories: 'content in an individual's occupational pattern', 'designing an occupational pattern', and 'balancing the occupational pattern'. IMPLICATIONS An updated operational definition of the multifaceted concept of an occupational pattern now exists, with practical implications for enhancing the education of occupational therapy students and guiding the utilization of the concept. Moreover, it holds significance for instrument development and outcome measurement in research; especially in lifestyle intervention studies within the field of occupational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulla Nygren
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Barcheus IM, Ranner M, Nyman A, Månsson Lexell E, Larsson-Lund M. Developing and testing the feasibility of a new internet-based intervention-A case study of people with stroke and occupational therapists. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296364. [PMID: 38153937 PMCID: PMC10754454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internet-based interventions are called for within rehabilitation to meet the limited access to support for self-management after stroke. Therefore, a new intervention program, "Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life" (SEE) was developed. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how clients with stroke and their occupational therapists experienced the SEE intervention process and whether SEE has the potential to promote an active everyday life. METHODS A qualitative descriptive case study was designed. Four people with stroke (two of each sex, mean age 66,5 years) and their two occupational therapists (one of each sex) were included. A mix of data collection methods as interviews, assessments, registration forms and fieldnotes was used to uncover the participants' experiences and potential changes. Data were analysed with pattern matching. FINDINGS The analysed data formed three categories: "Not being able to take on the internet-based intervention", "Being facilitated in the change process of everyday life through the internet-based intervention", and "Providing a new internet-based intervention is a transition from ordinary practice". These categories included two to four subcategories that reflected aspects of SEE feasibility and acceptability with a focus on content and delivery. CONCLUSION The first test of the intervention indicates that the content and delivery of SEE can be feasible and acceptable both for clients and occupational therapists. The findings suggest that SEE has the potential to support clients' self-reflections and their adoption of strategies that influence engagement in daily activities and satisfaction with life in various ways. Further research with large-scale studies is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Maria Barcheus
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ranner
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eva Månsson Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Medicine, Memory Clinic and Geriatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund-Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson-Lund
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Division of Health, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Haines AJ, Mackenzie L, Honey A, Middleton PG. Occupations and balance during the transition to motherhood with a lifetime chronic illness: A scoping review examining cystic fibrosis, asthma, and Type-1 diabetes. Aust Occup Ther J 2023; 70:730-744. [PMID: 37524324 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout the transition to motherhood, changes are experienced across a woman's physical, mental, social, and occupational self. Maternal chronic illness adds the complexity of increased healthcare needs and navigating a high-risk, medicalised pregnancy, birth, and post-natal period. Literature concerning motherhood transitions in chronic illness generally focusses on the mother's medical health and pregnancy outcomes; little is known about the impacts on women's occupations, balance, and quality of life. Understanding these issues may help support women in a more tailored and holistic way. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to gather, analyse, and synthesise existing empirical research on occupational engagement and occupational balance as they impact on wellbeing and quality of life in women with a lifetime chronic illness before and during pregnancy and in early motherhood. METHOD The review follows the nine-stage framework described in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (2020). Five databases were searched: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and OT Seeker. Data were extracted and examined via content analysis, described in narrative synthesis, summarised into a conceptual framework, and tabulated. FINDINGS A total of 8,655 papers were discovered on initial search. Following title and abstract screening, 220 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, and 46 papers were finally included. Analysis generated four major themes: The Disrupted Transition Journey; Adaptation, Compromise and Choice; Outcomes; and Drawing on What's Available. The themes were conceptualised into a framework to explain how women sought to balance motherhood and illness-related occupations. Adequate access to information, social support, expert care, and financial resources improved both quality of life and healthcare compliance. CONCLUSION Findings of this scoping review deepen the understanding of occupational balance during the transition to motherhood in the context of lifetime chronic illness. Healthcare providers and supportive family and friends can use this knowledge to adapt their approach to assisting women with chronic illness on the motherhood journey. These findings may also inform further inquiry into the scope of occupational therapy practice with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Jane Haines
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lynette Mackenzie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Honey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter G Middleton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Investigation and Treatment of Respiratory Infections in Children and Adults, Westmead Campus, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Uthede S, Nilsson I, Wagman P, Håkansson C, Farias L. Occupational balance in parents of pre-school children: Potential differences between mothers and fathers. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1199-1208. [PMID: 35254198 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2046154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of young children are a vulnerable group with an increased risk of stress-related health problems compared to adults without children. Low occupational balance has been identified as a risk factor for stress-related disorders. AIM The study aimed to describe occupational balance in parents of pre-school children and to explore potential differences between mothers and fathers. METHOD Data were collected by a web-based survey based on the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11). A total of 302 working parents (200 mothers and 102 fathers) with at least one child under seven years of age were included in the study. FINDINGS Mothers reported lower occupational balance than fathers with a median value of 10 for mothers and 12 for fathers (p = 0.029). Mothers rated significantly lower than fathers in three items; 'Balance between work, home, family, leisure, rest and sleep', 'Having sufficient time for doing obligatory occupations' and 'Balance between doing things for others and for oneself'. CONCLUSION The results indicate that caring for pre-school children may negatively impact both parents, impacting mothers' occupational balance to a greater degree. SIGNIFICANCE Occupational therapists' knowledge could be utilised to increase awareness of the importance of occupational balance within health services and improve mothers' occupational balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Uthede
- Ekerö Rehab Västra, Primärvårdsrehabilitering, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Nilsson
- Smärtrehabiliteringsmottagningen, Specialistrehabiliteringsenheten, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra Wagman
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisette Farias
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Jessen-Winge C, Kolind M, Lee K, Leth MB, Surrow S, Knürr DS, Christensen CS, Christensen JR. Occupational balance as a component in weight loss interventions. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1028-1036. [PMID: 37247198 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2023.2217544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity can limit occupational participation because of physical and mental barriers. Weight loss programmes emphasizing dietary and physical activity may lower body weight; however, mental barriers and sustainable weight loss seemed to be challenged. Weight loss influences daily patterns and structure of occupations and finding a balance in daily life during the weight loss process might improve sustainable weight loss. AIM To explore if and how health professionals conducting weight loss programmes in Danish municipalities address elements related to occupational balance in the daily life of citizens with obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty individual interviews with health professionals from Danish municipalities were conducted and analysed. RESULTS (1) Helping participants find the time and energy to lose weight, (2) Emphasizing small steps for sustainable changes and (3) Utilizing the citizen's life experience for direction. CONCLUSION Elements of occupational balance might be addressed by the participants, however values and meaningfulness regarding occupations seem to be missing. Integrating occupational balance in weight loss programmes could enable health professionals to understand and address sustainable weight loss. SIGNIFICANCE Occupational therapists may be ideally suited to support citizens with obesity to sustain weight loss by supporting a balanced life focussing on meaningfulness and values in occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jessen-Winge
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Institute of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Kolind
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - K Lee
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University College South, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - M B Leth
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Surrow
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D S Knürr
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C S Christensen
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J R Christensen
- User Perspectives and Community-based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Segev-Jacubovski O. Changes in Daily Occupations Patterns, Optimism, and Positive Affect During COVID-19 Lockdown. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:152-160. [PMID: 36987704 PMCID: PMC10064185 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231166260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 outbreak caused an initial 2-week lockdown throughout Israel. Purpose. To identify (1) changes in time-usage patterns of daily occupations during the first COVID-19 lockdown, by gender and employment status, and (2) correlations among optimism, positive affect, and daily occupations during the lockdown. Method. In a voluntary, anonymous, retrospective, online cross-sectional survey, 481 participants completed the Life Orientation Test, Positive Affect Questionnaire, and Occupational Questionnaire. Findings. During lockdown, participants spent more time in recreation, rest, and sleep regardless of their employment status, and more women than men lost their employment. Both before and during lockdown, women spent significantly higher percentage of time performing everyday tasks but reported less rest and sleep than men. Recreation was associated with positive affect. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic created a temporary occupational disruption. Although people devoted their time differently, the lockdown forced people to find ways to continue engaging in their occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Segev-Jacubovski
- Orit Segev-Jacubovski, Department of
Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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17
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Bourke-Taylor H, Leo M, Harris V, Tirlea L. Feasibility of Health Promoting Activity Coaching for Mothers of Children With Disabilities: Pilot Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:24128. [PMID: 37294680 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mothers of children with disabilities experience health disparity. Interventions targeting maternal mental health need to be developed. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the Healthy Mothers Healthy Families-Health Promoting Activities Coaching (HMHF-HPAC) intervention for mothers to improve participation in healthy activities and mental health and to evaluate outcome measures. DESIGN Nonrandomized controlled pilot feasibility study with one group who received HMHF-HPAC and a control group. SETTING Pediatric occupational therapy service; on site or telehealth. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-three mothers completed prequestionnaires; of those, 11 mothers participated in the intervention, and 5 did not (7 withdrew). INTERVENTION Eleven pediatric occupational therapists were trained to deliver six 10-min sessions of HMHF-HPAC to mothers, integrated into their child's therapy session or separately via telehealth. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mixed-design analysis of variance explored changes in scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Items and the Health Promoting Activities Scale. RESULTS The intervention group reported, on average, significant reductions in depressive symptoms and stress symptoms and significant increases in participation in health-promoting activity. No significant main effect of time was found for these variables in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The HMHF-HPAC program is a viable occupational therapy coaching intervention that can be embedded in existing services for families of children with disabilities. Future trials that evaluate the effectiveness of the HMHF-HPAC intervention for mothers of children with disabilities are warranted. What This Article Adds: This article provides support for the feasibility of appropriate and sensitive outcome measures and program content and delivery to implement the novel HMHF-HPAC intervention in further research. Mothers of children with disabilities benefited from integrated HMHF-HPAC delivered by pediatric occupational therapists within the family's existing services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bourke-Taylor
- Helen Bourke-Taylor, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Monica Leo
- Monica Leo, BAppScOT, is Research Assistant, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Harris
- Vanessa Harris, BOT (Hons), is Occupational Therapist, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Tirlea
- Laura Tirlea, PhD, is Lecturer in Applied Statistics, Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Ryan D, Naughton M, de Faoite M, Dowd T, Morrissey AM. An Occupation-Based Lifestyle Lecture Intervention as Part of Inpatient Addiction Recovery Treatment: Exploring Occupational Performance, Balance and Personal Recovery. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231165123. [PMID: 37020725 PMCID: PMC10068992 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231165123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Substance use disorders (SUDs) and addictive behaviours are growing problems which negatively impact health and wellbeing. Occupational therapy can support recovery by facilitating engagement in everyday activities that promote health. To date, the inclusion of occupational therapy in addiction recovery is limited and the evidence base for occupation-focused interventions is lacking. This study explores the impact of an occupational therapy-led intervention on self-reported occupational performance and occupational balance issues for people living with SUDs within an inpatient addiction service. Methodology A quantitative pre and post-test study was implemented. The Canadian Personal Recovery Outcome Measure (C-PROM) was the sole outcome measure. The C-PROM is a self-report measure which aims to measure personal views of recovery based on rating activity engagement. The cohort of participants were recruited from referrals into 2 inpatient addiction recovery treatment programmes using purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics were run, and a Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to analyse pre and post-test scoring. Results Sixteen participants (9 male and 7 female) completed the intervention and outcome measure. The majority of participants (31.3%, n = 5) were between 45 and 54 years old. 25% of the sample (n = 4) were in the 35 to 44 age bracket while 18.8% (n = 3) were aged 55 to 64. The majority of participants (68.8%, n = 11) reported substance misuse as their main healthcare concern. The mean score on the C-PROM was significantly higher after participants received the intervention when compared with baseline scoring. Conclusion Following engagement with an occupational therapist-led intervention participants reported increased engagement in activities and occupational performance. Participants also reported improved occupational balance and increased awareness of personal recovery needs. Further research is required to explore the effectiveness of this intervention in larger samples and to explore the transferability and sustainability of skills post discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Ryan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marie Naughton
- Department of Psychiatry, St Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Meabh de Faoite
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tara Dowd
- Department of Nursing, St Patrick’s Mental Health Services, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Morrissey
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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19
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St-Pierre MJ, Therriault PY, Faghihi U, Monthuy-Blanc J. Eating disorders: When food "Eats" time. Appetite 2023; 185:106509. [PMID: 36871602 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a physical or mental health issue, such as an eating disorder (ED), impacts daily activities, also known as occupations. For example, an overinvestment in body shape and weight undoubtedly can lead to an underinvestment in other, more meaningful occupations. To address ED-related perceptual disturbances, a detailed log of daily time use can pinpoint food-related occupational imbalances. This study aims to characterize the daily occupations associated with EDs. The first specific objective (SO.1) is to categorize and quantify the temporal organization of a typical day's occupations as self-reported by individuals with an ED. The second specific objective (SO.2) is to compare daily occupational time use among people with different ED types. This retrospective study based on time-use research principles was conducted by analyzing data from an anonymized secondary dataset (Loricorps's Databank). Data were collected between 2016 and 2020, from 106 participants, with descriptive analysis completed to determine the average daily time use for each occupation. A series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed to compare perceived time use in each occupation for participants with different types of EDs. The outcomes show a marked underinvestment in leisure categories compared to the general population. In addition, personal care and productivity can represent the blind dysfunctional occupations (SO.1). Moreover, compared to those with binge eating disorder (BED), individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) are significantly more invested in occupations that focus explicitly on perceptual disturbances, such as personal care (SO.2). The highlight of this study is the distinction between marked versus blind dysfunctional occupation, which offers specific avenues for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J St-Pierre
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada; Département d'ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - P-Y Therriault
- Département d'ergothérapie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - U Faghihi
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - J Monthuy-Blanc
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401 Rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC H1N 3M5, Canada
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20
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Paltrinieri S, Bressi B, Mazzini E, Fugazzaro S, Rondini E, Giorgi Rossi P, Costi S. Activities Carried Out during the First COVID-19 Lockdown by Italian Citizens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3906. [PMID: 36900917 PMCID: PMC10001561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has altered how citizens engage in activities. This study describes the new activities citizens engaged in during the first lockdown, factors that helped them cope with the confinement, the supports they used the most, and which supports they would have liked to receive. This cross-sectional study consists of an online survey made of 49 questions that was completed by the citizens of the province of Reggio Emilia (Italy) from 4 May until 15 June 2020. The outcomes of this study were explored by focusing on four of the survey questions. Of the 1826 citizens who responded, 84.2% had started new leisure activities. Males, participants who lived in the plain or foothills, and those who experienced nervousness engaged less in new activities, while those whose employment status changed, whose lifestyle worsened, or whose use of alcohol increased engaged in more activities. The support of family and friends, leisure activities, continuing to work, and an optimistic attitude were perceived to be of help. Grocery delivery and hotlines providing any type of information and mental health support were used frequently; a lack of health and social care services and of support in reconciling work with childcare was perceived. Findings may help institutions and policy makers to better support citizens in any future circumstances requiring prolonged confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paltrinieri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Public Health Sciences PhD Program, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bressi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzini
- Scientific Directorate Hospital Network, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Fugazzaro
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ermanno Rondini
- Lega Italiana Contro i Tumori-LILT Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Regional Center for Education in Health Promotion-Luoghi di Prevenzione, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefania Costi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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21
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Bahadır Z, Yaran M, Özkan E, Ekici G, Huri M, Akel S. Translation, Psychometric and Concept Analysis of the Occupational Balance-Questionnaire Based on a Turkish Population. Occup Ther Health Care 2023; 37:101-118. [PMID: 34866521 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2021.2010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Occupational balance is a crucial concept in occupational therapy, accepted as a key component of health and well-being. The Occupational Balance-Questionnaire (OB-Quest) is designed as a standardized instrument to assess occupational balance. This study investigated the validity and reliability of the OB-Quest Turkish, which consisted of translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and analysis psychometric properties phases. The factor structure of the OB-Quest indicated a good model fit. The criterion-related validity showed a positive correlation with Beck Depression Inventory and a negative correlation with the 12-item Short Form Survey. The OB-Quest-Turkish showed questionable internal consistency and an excellent correlation between test-retest.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2021.2010160 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bahadır
- Occupational Therapy, Atlas University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Yaran
- Occupational Therapy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Esma Özkan
- Occupational Therapy, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Ekici
- Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Huri
- Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semin Akel
- Occupational Therapy, İstanbul Kültür University, İstanbul, Turkey
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22
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Güney Yılmaz G, Avcı H, Akı E. A new tool to measure occupational balance: Adolescent Occupational Balance Scale (A-OBS). Scand J Occup Ther 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36514866 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of occupational balance in adolescents is not clear enough. AIM The current study aims at developing a valid and reliable scale to measure occupational balance in adolescents. METHOD We conducted online interviews with the participant adolescents via semi-structured interview forms. We applied the Davis technique twice to 10 expert panellists and the test form to 600 individuals. Two weeks later, we re-tested 153 of the participants. We then carried out item analysis to evaluate the internal consistency of the scale. We also conducted explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the construct validity of the scale. FINDINGS The content validity index of the scale was found to be 0.986. EFA showed that the scale consisting of 27 items had a six-factor structure explaining 56.7% of the total variance. Model fit indices about the structure created by factor combination technique in CFA were CMIN/df = 2.135; RMSEA = 0.06; GFI = 0.866; NFI = 0.81, CFI = 0.887, TLI = 0.868; IFI = 0.89. The analysis to test the reliability of the scale resulted in ICC: 0.993 and Cronbach's alpha: 0.997. Pre-test and post-test analyses showed very strong correlational coefficients (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION A-OBS is a valid and reliable scale consisting of 27 items and 4 sub-dimensions. It can be used in studies that will focus on occupational balance in healthy adolescents. It is the first occupational balance scale developed for adolescents in the occupational therapy literature. We recommend further studies to validate the scale and adapt it to different languages and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güleser Güney Yılmaz
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hanife Avcı
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Akı
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Harrison M, Forsyth K, Murray AL, Angarola R, Henderson S, Irvine Fitzpatrick L, Fisher G. Establishing the measurement properties of the Residential Environment Impact Scale (Version 4.0). Scand J Occup Ther 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36490204 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2143891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developed as an environment assessment informed by the Model of Human Occupation, the Residential Environment Impact Survey considered the physical, social and activity features of the environment, evaluating the impact of the environment on resident's quality of life. Clinicians reported that the Residential Environment Impact Survey was a useful tool; however, it had not been structured to be a measurement tool and did not have established psychometric properties. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study examines the psychometric properties of the restructured Residential Environment Impact Scale Version 4.0 (REIS), which measures the level of environment support provided to residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The REIS was completed across residential sites for people with complex mental health needs. A many facets Rasch analysis was conducted to establish the reliability and validity of the REIS. RESULTS The REIS demonstrated reasonable psychometric properties, with items demonstrating internal scale validity and scale items following an expected pattern of increasingly challenging environment support. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Initial evidence suggests that the REIS provides a valid and reliable measure of environment support, providing a detailed assessment of how physical, social and activity elements of the environment support or inhibit participation and can be applied across a range of living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Harrison
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kirsty Forsyth
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Aja Louise Murray
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland.,School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Rocco Angarola
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland.,Midlothian Health and Social Care Partnership, Dalkeith, Scotland
| | - Shona Henderson
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - Gail Fisher
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Peral-Gómez P, Espinosa-Sempere C, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Hurtado-Pomares M, Juárez-Leal I, Valera-Gran D, Sánchez-Pérez A. The Spanish version of Occupational Balance Questionnaire: psychometric properties and normative data in a representative sample of adults. Ann Med 2022; 54:3211-3218. [PMID: 36368922 PMCID: PMC9662058 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2145016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) is an instrument that assesses occupational balance (OB). It has been transculturality adapted and validated in different countries, showing adequate psychometric properties. To date, no general population-based cut-off points for OB have been developed. OBJECTIVE To assess the psychometric proprieties of the Spanish version OBQ (OBQ-E) and to estimate reference norms and the cut-off for OBQ-E in a representative sample of Spanish adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 797 adults were included in this validity study. Internal consistency, intra and test-retest reliability of OBQ-E were examined. To obtain the convergent validity and the divergent validity, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were used respectively, compared with OBQ-E. To determine extreme and moderate disturbed OB stratified by age, sex, and educational level were used the 5 and 15% percentiles of OBQ-E. RESULTS The OBQ-E showed good internal consistency (α-Cronbach = 0.87), intraclass reliability (ICC = 0.87), and test-retest reliability (rho = 0.83). Convergent (SLS) and divergent (HAD) validity were moderate (rho = 0.39 and rho = -0.46, respectively). The lowest extreme disturbed OB cut-off point in men (17.2) and in women (24) appeared at the primary education level, under 40 years of age (men) and 40-65 years of age (women). CONCLUSIONS The OBQ-E presents adequate psychometric properties, and its normative data can be used as a reference to assess and monitor the occupational balance in the general Spanish population.KEY MESSAGESThe 'Occupational Balance Questionnaire' (OBQ), stands out as a specific measure of the concept of Occupational Balance, considered as satisfaction with the number and variation of occupations in which the person participates.The OBQ is a short and simple instrument that can be a useful tool for use in population-based and epidemiological studies to monitor OB and explore the associated factors or implications of disturbed OB.The Spanish version of the OBQ (OBQ-E) seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess the perception of balance between occupations, related to health and well-being in the Spanish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Peral-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Sempere
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miriam Hurtado-Pomares
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iris Juárez-Leal
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Desireé Valera-Gran
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional (InTeO), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
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Ho ECM, Siu AMH. Evaluation of an occupation-based sleep program for people with Insomnia. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2022; 35:168-179. [DOI: 10.1177/15691861221136261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems are a health issue worldwide. Based on the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance model, we developed an occupation-based sleep programme to promote awareness of sleep hygiene factors, promote an environment conductive to sleep, and restructure participation in daytime activities with a focus on occupational balance. Method This study uses a non-equivalent group design to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupation-based sleep intervention among community-dwelling adults with insomnia, when compared with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group which focused on sleep hygiene, and relaxation. Results When compared with the TAU group ( n = 20), the intervention group ( n = 22) had significant improvement in sleep duration, occupational balance, and reduction in mood symptoms at both post treatment and 1-month follow up. Conclusion The results demonstrated that an occupation-based programme is an effective treatment for insomnia disorder and demonstrated the role which occupational therapy could play in primary health care service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eris C. M. Ho
- Occupational Therapy Department, Tai Po Hospital, Hospital Authority, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew M. H. Siu
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
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Austin SF, Hjorthøj C, Baagland H, Simonsen E, Dam J. Investigating personal and clinical recovery processes in people with first episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1102-1111. [PMID: 34825487 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by a range of symptoms such as distortions in reality, emotional abnormalities and deficits in cognition. Recovery from severe mental illness can be conceptualized in a number of ways. Clinical recovery has a focus on symptoms and functioning whilst personal recovery describes the process of developing new meaning and purpose in life beyond mental illness. OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study examined the relationship between clinical and personal recovery processes within a group of people with first episode psychosis (FEP) receiving early intervention treatment over a period of up to 2 years. METHODS The study sequentially recruited people with FEP that accepted into early intervention treatment. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 12 months and completion of treatment for clinical and personal recovery. RESULTS A total of 51 participants were recruited, completed treatment and assessments. Modest but significant correlations (r = 0.38-0.51) were found between personal recovery and certain aspects of clinical recovery (negative symptoms and functioning). Improvements in functioning (vocational and social activities) predicted both personal and clinical recovery whilst negative symptoms predicted attaining clinical recovery. Reductions in negative symptoms (global, apathy and anhedonia) during treatment were associated with moving towards personal recovery. Psychotic symptoms were not significantly associated with the attainment of clinical or personal recovery. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that clinical and personal recovery are interdependent and complementary processes. Mental health services may need implement interventions that simultaneously target clinical and personal recovery processes in order to meet the treatment needs of people with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Austin
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Dam
- Psychiatric Center North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
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Effects of Social Isolation Measures Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic on Occupational Balance, Participation, and Activities' Satisfaction in the Spanish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116497. [PMID: 35682080 PMCID: PMC9180883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused a lot of social and health chaos. Our main aim in this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupational balance in the Spanish population, one year post the beginning of the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. Data were collected among the Spanish population over 18 years of age by the Occupational Balance Questionnaire online survey; questions about satisfaction and performance of activities, and on the modification of routine and habits were asked. A total of 300 participants were included; 55.3% were female, with a mean age of 41.39 years. Significantly greater occupational imbalance was found in 1-year-post-confinement period of pandemic, as well as an increase in the difficulty of performance and a decrease in satisfaction with it. A greater number of the sample had modified their routines (p < 0.01), lost habits (p < 0.01), and did not resume habits (p < 0.01). In the analysis by age groups, differences were found in the variables related to habits and occupational balance. The social restriction measures negatively impacted occupational balance in the Spanish population. There was a decrease in occupational participation, increased difficulty in performance, decreased satisfaction in occupational performance, and modification of habits and routines.
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Röschel A, Wagner C, Dür M. Associations between occupational balance, subjective health, and well-being of informal caregivers of older persons based on a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 35596125 PMCID: PMC9123703 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Population ageing leads to a noticeable increase in demand for informal care. Informal caregivers experience high caregiver burden, such as restricted subjective health and well-being. Occupational balance is associated with subjective health and well-being. However, associations between occupational balance and subjective health and well-being of informal caregivers of older persons have not been investigated yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore associations between occupational balance and subjective health and well-being of informal caregivers of older persons. METHODS From September 2016 to July 2020, a cross-sectional multicenter study design was employed in Austria. Informal caregivers' occupational balance, subjective health, and well-being as well as comorbidity of persons to be cared for were assessed with seven self-reported questionnaires. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients rs were calculated to determine associations between occupational balance and subjective health and well-being of informal caregivers of older persons. RESULTS In total 118 informal caregivers, 102 (86%) female, and their persons to be cared for, 70 (59%) female, were considered for analyses. Median age was 58 years for informal caregivers and 81 years for persons to be cared for. Informal caregivers reported restrictions in occupational balance, subjective health, and well-being. Persons to be cared for showed comorbid health conditions. Significant associations between occupational balance and determinants of subjective health and well-being were identified (rs - 0.30 - 0.69; p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS As population ageing and the demand for informal care progress, efforts to support informal caregivers and to strengthen their occupational balance, subjective health and well-being are vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Röschel
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Mona Dür
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria.
- Duervation, Krems, Austria.
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Calvo-Paz M, Guevara-Ramírez J, Zapata-López JS, Realpe-Martinez DL. Equilibrio ocupacional durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 en docentes de terapia ocupacional de una institución universitaria. CADERNOS BRASILEIROS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao247832423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumen Introducción El confinamiento obligatorio en respuesta al Covid-19 obligó al cierre de institutos y universidades, haciendo que los docentes adaptarán sus estrategias de enseñanza a medios digitales, experimentando un incremento de la jornada laboral, mayor estrés, fatiga y dificultades para separar el trabajo de otras ocupaciones, lo cual compromete su salud física y mental. Objetivos Describir el equilibrio ocupacional de docentes de Terapia ocupacional de una institución universitaria de Cali-Colombia, durante el confinamiento por Covid-19, y establecer la relación con variables sociodemográficas y la presencia de sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión. Metodo Estudio observacional de corte transversal con 32 docentes de terapia ocupacional. La información se recopiló mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico, los cuestionarios OBQ-E, PHQ-9 y la escala GAD-7. Se realizaron tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes para variables cualitativas y las cuantitativas se presentaron en promedio y desviación estándar. El análisis bivariado se hizo mediante análisis de correspondencia múltiple, t-student, ANOVA y correlaciones de Pearson. Resultados El 75,0% de participantes eran mujeres. El promedio en el equilibrio ocupacional fue 36,5; el 31,3% manifestó síntomas de ansiedad y 43,8% de depresión. Conclusiones La mayoría de docentes eran mujeres, sexo que se relacionó con el cuidado de adultos mayores. Las puntuaciones en equilibrio ocupacional y la presencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión reflejan los ajustes que los docentes asumieron durante el confinamiento, en respuesta al aumento de las actividades diarias, la poca variedad entre ocupaciones que querían y que debían hacer y la satisfacción con el tiempo de descanso y sueño.
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Calvo-Paz M, Guevara-Ramírez J, Zapata-López JS, Realpe-Martinez DL. Occupational balance during Covid-19 lockdown among occupational therapy academics. CADERNOS BRASILEIROS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao247832422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The mandatory confinement in response to Covid-19 forced the closure of colleges and universities, leading professors to adapt their teaching strategies to digital media, These changes in teaching processes showed an increase in the workday, greater stress, fatigue, and difficulties in separating work from other occupations, which may compromise the physical and mental health of teachers. Objective To describe the occupational balance of occupational therapy teachers at a university in Cali-Colombia, during lockdown due to Covid-19, and to establish the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 occupational therapy professors. The information was collected using Google forms containing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the OBQ-E, PHQ-9 questionnaires, and the GAD-7 scale. Absolute frequency tables and percentages were made for qualitative variables, and quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was performed using t-student tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlations. Results 75.0% of participants were women. In occupational balance the average was 36.5; meanwhile, 31.3% manifested symptoms of anxiety and 43.8% of depression. Conclusions Most of the professors were women, gender that was related to the care of older adults. The scores in occupational balance and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms reflect the adjustments that the professors assumed during the confinement, in response to the increase in daily activities, the little variety between occupations that they wanted and had to do, and satisfaction with the job, rest and sleep time.
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Röschel A, Wagner C, Dür M. Examination of validity, reliability, and interpretability of a self-reported questionnaire on Occupational Balance in Informal Caregivers (OBI-Care) - A Rasch analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261815. [PMID: 34941966 PMCID: PMC8700023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Informal caregivers often experience a restriction in occupational balance. The self-reported questionnaire on Occupational Balance in Informal Caregivers (OBI-Care) is a measurement instrument to assess occupational balance in informal caregivers. Measurement properties of the German version of the OBI-Care had previously been assessed in parents of preterm infants exclusively. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the measurement properties of the questionnaire in a mixed population of informal caregivers. Methods A psychometric study was conducted, applying a multicenter cross-sectional design. Measurement properties (construct validity, internal consistency, and interpretability) of each subscale of the German version of the OBI-Care were examined. Construct validity was explored by assessing dimensionality, item fit and overall fit to the Rasch model, and threshold ordering. Internal consistency was examined with inter-item correlations, item-total correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, and person separation index. Interpretability was assessed by inspecting floor and ceiling effects. Results A total of 196 informal caregivers, 171 (87.2%) female and 25 (12.8%) male participated in this study. Mean age of participants was 52.27 (±12.6) years. Subscale 1 was multidimensional, subscale 2 and subscale 3 were unidimensional. All items demonstrated item fit and overall fit to the Rasch model and displayed ordered thresholds. Cronbach’s Alpha and person separation index values were excellent for each subscale. There was no evidence of ceiling or floor effects. Conclusions We identified satisfying construct validity, internal consistency, and interpretability. Thus, the findings of this study support the application of the German version of the OBI-Care to assess occupational balance in informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Röschel
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Christina Wagner
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Mona Dür
- Department of Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
- Duervation, Krems, Austria
- * E-mail: ,
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Larsson-Lund M, Månsson Lexell E, Nyman A. Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life (SEE 1.0): study protocol for a feasibility study of an Internet-based occupational therapy intervention for people with stroke. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:187. [PMID: 34656173 PMCID: PMC8520220 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rehabilitation after stroke seldom focuses on needs related to an active everyday life and the process of change that people must undergo to adapt to an altered capacity and life situation. In particular, occupational therapy in the late phase needs to support clients in adopting sustainable self-initiated management strategies to regain daily activities and an active everyday life. To improve access to rehabilitation, the use of digital solutions has been suggested. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the Internet-based occupational therapy intervention “Strategies for Empowering activities in Everyday life” (SEE, version 1.0). We will investigate the feasibility of the intervention process in terms of acceptability and adherence as well as the most suitable outcome measures to evaluate SEE and improve the knowledge about the potential changes and outcomes of SEE for clients with stroke. Methods This feasibility study is based on a pretest posttest design without a control group. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected from clients and staff concurrently embedded in a mixed-method design during the entire study. Discussion The project is a first test of a novel Internet-based occupational therapy intervention, and the research will contribute to the continued development and evaluation of the SEE programme. SEE can provide people with strategies in daily activities that can support them to live an active everyday life despite changed capacity and to improve access to rehabilitation interventions. Trial registration NCT04588116. Name of the registry: Strategies Empowering Activities in Everyday Life (SEE 1.0). A Web-based Occupational Therapy Intervention. URL of trial registry record. Date of registry: Trial first posted: October 19, 2020; first submitted: October 2, 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larsson-Lund
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Eva Månsson Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
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Tse T, Roberts E, Garvie J, Sutton E, Munro A. The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on occupational balance: A mixed method study of the experience of Australian occupational therapists. Aust Occup Ther J 2021; 69:89-97. [PMID: 34558096 PMCID: PMC8652564 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID‐19 has seen unprecedented changes to the daily occupational lives of citizens across the globe as a result social and physical restrictions. Frontline healthcare workers health and wellbeing have been impacted but what of occupational balance? The aim of this study was to investigate if there was a change in the occupational balance of occupational therapists working in a metropolitan hospital during a COVID‐19 lockdown. Methods All occupational therapists working in a metropolitan hospital were invited to participate in an online survey. Occupational Balance was measured using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire‐11 (OBQ11). Participants retrospectively rated their occupational balance before COVID‐19 restrictions were in place and again rated their current status during the restrictions. Participants were also asked to comment on strategies used to help them during the COVID‐19 restrictions. Results Forty‐two occupational therapists completed the survey. The mean total score prior to the COVID‐19 restrictions was 19.4 and during restrictions was 19.0 (Z = −0.4, p = 0.68). There was a significant decrease in having sufficient to do during the COVID‐19 restrictions (Z = −3.6, p < 0.001). Satisfaction with how time was spent in rest, recovery and sleep significantly increased during the restrictions (Z = −3.3, p = 0.001). Strategies used included engaging in valued activities, finding alternate ways of doing and showing gratitude. Conclusion Occupational balance of occupational therapists remained high and satisfaction in how time was spent improved during COVID‐19 restrictions. Occupational therapists implemented their own theoretical approach of adaptation to cope with the COVID‐19 restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tse
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ester Roberts
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo Garvie
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sutton
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Munro
- Department of Occupational Therapy, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Güney Yılmaz G, Zengin G, Temuçin K, Aygün D, Akı E. How the occupational balance of healthcare professionals changed in the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed design study. Aust Occup Ther J 2021; 68:520-534. [PMID: 34476823 PMCID: PMC8652546 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been possible for many people to make a gradual transition to normal life or routine activities, the same seems far off for healthcare professionals. The current study examines in depth how the occupational balance of healthcare professionals has changed in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The current study has a mixed design, which involves collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. In the first stage of the study, which is the quantitative one, Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T) was used to collect data, whereas the second stage of the study, which is the qualitative one, was designed to explore occupational balance and the related issues via using semi-structured interviews. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare parameters between the groups (working in active-passive contact with COVID patients). On the other hand, qualitative data were evaluated via consensual qualitative data analysis. RESULTS The level of occupational balance of healthcare professionals included in the study group was found to be significantly lower than the level of occupational balance of healthcare professionals included in the control group (P = .005). Although there was no clear problem in self-care activities of healthcare professionals, the balance between productivity and leisure time activities was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Occupational balance and leisure time use of healthcare professionals, especially those who have active contact with COVID patients, have been affected. A further investigation can be carried out according to gender, age, and other demographic qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güleser Güney Yılmaz
- Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Zengin
- Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Keziban Temuçin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Damla Aygün
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Akı
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Larsson Lund M, Månsson Lexell E, Nyman A. Optimising the development of sustainable internet-based occupational therapy interventions: Important key actions and perspectives to consider. Scand J Occup Ther 2021; 29:259-269. [PMID: 34280329 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1950206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By examining the health needs of the general population and utilising the potential of digitalisation as a driving force, new internet-based services need to be developed in occupational therapy. However, existing guidelines for the development of complex interventions provide scant information on how to develop internet-based interventions. AIM The aim of this paper is to share experiences and illustrate important key actions and new perspectives to consider during the innovation process of developing and designing an internet-based occupational therapy intervention. METHOD AND MATERIALS International guidelines for intervention development was reviewed to add important perspectives in the innovation process. RESULTS The illustration focuses on five key actions in the development phase to highlight new perspectives and questions important to consider when designing new internet-based occupational therapy interventions. CONCLUSION The new perspectives can complement existing guidelines to enhance the development of more effective and sustainable internet-based interventions. SIGNIFICANCE The illustration provided has potential to improve the sustainability in innovation processes of new internet-based occupational therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Larsson Lund
- Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eva Månsson Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund-Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anneli Nyman
- Department of Health, Learning and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire: An Instrument for Occupation-Based Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147506. [PMID: 34299957 PMCID: PMC8307131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Occupational balance (OB) may be a major determinant of health outcomes due to its role in bringing a sense of purpose in the occupations that are personally experienced as a process of getting health and wellness. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) is a reliable instrument for measuring OB, although it has not been adapted and validated in Spain so far; therefore, this study had a double aim: (1) to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original OBQ version into Spanish (OBQ-E); (2) to analyze the psychometric properties for its use in the Spanish population. Standard procedures were used for the cross-adaptation process and pilot testing was carried out using three different samples to extend the applicability of the OBQ-E. Validation measures of the final version of the OBQ-E were conducted in a sample of 219 participants. The OBQ-E showed that items and instructions were culturally appropriate and written clearly. Psychometric testing showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87; Guttman split-half coefficient = 0.85), good test–retest reliability (rs (Spearman rho) = 0.73), and acceptable convergent validity (overall status, rs = 0.37; Related Quality of Life, rs = 0.42; Satisfaction with Life Scale, rs = 0.54). The findings suggest that the OBQ-E may be a suitable instrument for assessing OB in the Spanish population; hence, it is a promising tool for epidemiological research that will significantly contribute to the understanding of OB as a health-related factor. Nevertheless, further investigation is also warranted to explore the potentiality of this instrument for clinical purposes.
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Reeck N. Betätigungsbalance von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie/Occupational balance of children and adolescents in the times of the Corona pandemic. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2021.1945203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Reeck
- Ergotherapeutin Master of Science, Hannover, Germany
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To-Miles F, Håkansson C, Wagman P, Backman CL. Exploring the associations among occupational balance and health of adults with and without inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:22-30. [PMID: 34121370 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational balance is a person's subjective perception of the amount and variation of their everyday activities. Evidence suggests an association between occupational balance and health. However, the impact of arthritis on occupational balance and its association with health is unclear. This exploratory study examined associations between occupational balance and measures of health, and between-group differences, in adults with and without inflammatory arthritis (IA). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, participants completed the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11), SF-36 Health Survey (Physical and Mental Component Scores) and provided demographic information. Telomere lengths were analyzed from dried blood spots. RESULTS 143 adults participated (67 with IA, 76 healthy comparison (HC) group). Occupational balance was higher in the HC group than the IA group (mean difference = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 5.9, p = 0.01), but this difference was not statistically significant when adjusted for physical health. The association between occupational balance and physical health was stronger in the IA group (R2 = .17, p = .001) than in the HC group (R2 = .05, p = .05). Occupational balance was associated with mental health (R2 = .26, p < .001) but not associated with telomere length (R2 = .02, p = .24). CONCLUSION Occupational balance is associated with mental health for all participants and associated with physical health and disease activity in participants with IA. Attention to assessment of and strategies for improving occupational balance in rehabilitation practice and arthritis self-management programs may contribute to sustaining physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora To-Miles
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Petra Wagman
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Catherine L Backman
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
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Rasch Analysis of the Norwegian Version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire in a Sample of Occupational Therapy Students. Occup Ther Int 2021; 2021:8863453. [PMID: 33976593 PMCID: PMC8088501 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8863453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire developed in Sweden was translated into Norwegian. No studies to date have examined the measurement properties of the Norwegian version of this questionnaire. Aim The study is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, the OBQ11-N. Methods Along with sociodemographic data, 180 occupational therapy students enrolled at two Norwegian universities completed the OBQ11-N as well as one question each related to health and quality of life and some sociodemographic variables. Rasch analysis was employed for examining rating scale functioning, item and person validity, dimensionality, and differential item functioning. Results Item categories were ordered, but there were potential gaps in the measurement of the construct. Person reliability was fair, whereas item reliability was low. Point biserial correlations were positive, indicating that all items contributed to the construct. Factor loadings were low for two items, and there were indices of a second underlying dimension and item redundancy. Many people were not aligned with the items, and some items functioned differently across various demographic variables. Conclusion and Significance. The OBQ11-N did not function as an adequate measure of occupational balance in a sample of students. Potentially, the detected measurement problems may be solved by adding more relevant items to a larger item pool, from which the best fitting items should be selected.
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Chemen S, Gopalla YN. Lived experiences of older adults living in the community during the COVID-19 lockdown - The case of mauritius. J Aging Stud 2021; 57:100932. [PMID: 34083001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adoption of strict social distancing and sanitary measures were inevitable in the attempt to thwart the spread of the Covid-19 virus. These measures, however, came at a cost for older adults who faced major mental health issues because of social isolation. The impact of social isolation remains well documented in the wake of the pandemic. This paper explored the lived experiences of older adults living in the community during the Covid-19 sanitary lockdown in the small-island state of Mauritius. As a small-island state with family structures that still skew towards extended or modified extended families, it was interesting to explore whether older adults would be reporting feelings of social isolation as was being reported elsewhere. This study utilized a qualitative approach using a lifeworld hermeneutical approach with 15 older adult participants, recruited through convenience and snowball sampling, in the community. Data were collected using a narrative approach supplemented by an interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from transcribed and translated data. Six themes were discovered: Fears of the virus and fear of deprivation; Reliving and recreating bonds; Active contribution to family life; Being and feeling valued within the family; Rediscovering family time and family moments; and Fear of going back to 'normal'. The study revealed positive experiences of the lockdown period characterised by an increase bonding in the family, deepening of familial bond, and increased value despite an initial apprehension of the lockdown. A renewed sense of purpose as well as deepening of bonds was reported by older adults. Some limitations in relation to data trustworthiness and respondents bias, however, could not be avoided since the study was carried out during sanitary lockdown period. The feelings of social isolation and depression reported by older adults who lived alone were not seen in this study, suggesting that the family structure may have a role to play in mitigating these effects. There would also be a need to explore similar small-island states or similar cultures where the effects of sanitary lockdowns may be different from current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambaladevi Chemen
- University of Mauritius, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Reduit, Mauritius.
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Rees EF, Ennals P, Fossey E. Implementing an Action Over Inertia Group Program in Community Residential Rehabilitation Services: Group Participant and Facilitator Perspectives. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:624803. [PMID: 33603690 PMCID: PMC7884341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.624803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A time-use focused intervention, Action Over Inertia (AOI) designed to address restricted activity patterns and support recovery, was adapted for use in Australian community residential mental health services. Method: Qualitative case study research explored the use of AOI groups across three Community Care Units from the perspectives of group participants with enduring mental illness and group facilitators. Fifteen interviews were conducted: five group participants were interviewed twice 4 weeks apart, and five group facilitators on completion of the group intervention. Interview data were analyzed thematically using constant comparative methods. Findings: Two overarching themes, "Making Change" and "Facilitating Change" were identified. Efforts to make change in their lives were supported by participants recognising the value of personally meaningful activities for well-being and of activity experiences that fostered hope and recovery, whereas a sense of "stuckness," time for activities and life events could disrupt "getting me going." For the facilitators, facilitating change involved recognizing inertia as a challenge; getting people going; and looking at how AOI intervention works to impact inertia. Conclusion: AOI in a group format supports participants to identify barriers to more active living; to appreciate how time-use and well-being interrelate; and to reframe and take steps to overcome inertia. Further research should evaluate AOI groups as a means of providing individualized support for activity re-engagement as part of recovery oriented mental health rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Rees
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital - North Western Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Priscilla Ennals
- Neami National, Preston, VIC, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Social Policy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Living With Disability Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational balance is a central concept in occupational therapy and is commonly defined as an individual's perception of having the right amount and variety of occupations in daily life. This individualistic and subjective nature of occupational balance brings with it certain challenges when applied in practice. The aim of this discussion paper is to highlight the challenges associated with the lone application of individualistic occupational balance in practice situations, and propose some way forward. METHODS The Meleis' Theory to Practice to Theory strategy was used. Practice-based vignettes were used as a point of departure to discuss these challenges. This was followed by theorising the importance of including the others' perceptions of a person's pattern of daily occupations. CONCLUSION Besides a goal of increasing a person's occupational balance in clinical practice, striving towards creating a suitable pattern of daily occupations from a community perspective also seems to be a relevant goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brightlin Nithis Dhas
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Occupational Therapy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Petra Wagman
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jonkoping, Sweden
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Honoré H, Pallesen H, Ellegård K, Nielsen JF. Mind the gap. How job task distributions of health professional developers constitute evidence-based practice. Work 2020; 68:223-233. [PMID: 33361626 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of clinical practice at a Danish neurorehabilitation centre was delegated to a group of health professional developers. Their job function lacked conceptual foundation, and it was unclear how their working tasks contributed to evidence-based practice. OBJECTIVE Conceptual clarification of the job function and pattern analysis of activity distributions for health professional developers. METHODS Health professional developers kept continuous time geographical diaries for two weeks. Meaningful categories were subtracted through content analysis. Patterns were analysed within activity distributions with regards to evidence-based practice. RESULTS A total of 213 diaries were collected from 21 health professional developers of three professions (physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses). Each participant reported 6-13 workdays (median 10 days). Eleven main categories of work tasks emerged with 42 subcategories. Overall, 7% of total time reported was spent on external knowledge, with minimal variation between professions and contractual time allocation. CONCLUSION Conceptual clarification of work tasks was established for health professional developers. Their work activity distributions contributed mainly to maintenance of existing level of professional knowledge rather than to implementation of new knowledge, which did not fulfil the intended responsibility for development of evidence-based practice. Educational competence boost and data-driven change of organisation structure was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Honoré
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic (HNURC), Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Pallesen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic (HNURC), Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Ellegård
- Department of Thematic Studies at Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic (HNURC), Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Vidaña-Moya L, Eklund M, Merchán-Baeza JA, Peral-Gómez P, Zango-Martín I, Hultqvist J. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Reliability of the Spanish Satisfaction with Daily Occupations-Occupational Balance (SDO-OB): An Evaluation Tool for People with Mental Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238906. [PMID: 33266259 PMCID: PMC7730273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupation can be defined as all activities that occupy a person's time. The Satisfaction with Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance instrument evaluates the perceived satisfaction with performance and the balance in time dedicated to different occupations. The main aim was to translate the original instrument to Spanish and examine and establish the psychometric properties. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study conducted in two stages: translation and cultural adaptation (forward translation, expert panel, back-translation, second expert panel and pre-testing and cognitive interviewing) and collecting data to evaluate psychometric properties (homogeneity, construct validity, known-groups validity, and floor/ceiling effects). One hundred participants took part in the study, adults with a diagnosis of a mental health disorder and adults without any known health problems. The Spanish version showed known-groups validity, acceptable internal consistency, and construct validity, although the relationships with some of the indicators of discriminant validity were somewhat higher than expected. The instrument shows promise as a useful screening tool for assessing activity level and satisfaction with daily occupations among a Spanish speaking population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vidaña-Moya
- Research Group GrEUIT., Escola Universitària d’Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa (EUIT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (L.V.-M.); (I.Z.-M.)
| | - Mona Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (M.E.); (J.H.)
| | - Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Science and Welfare, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVIC-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Paula Peral-Gómez
- Research Group InTeO, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03550 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Zango-Martín
- Research Group GrEUIT., Escola Universitària d’Infermeria i Teràpia Ocupacional de Terrassa (EUIT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; (L.V.-M.); (I.Z.-M.)
| | - Jenny Hultqvist
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (M.E.); (J.H.)
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Parsonage J, Naylor Lund K, Dawes H, Almoajil H, Eklund M. An exploration of occupational choices in adolescence: A constructivist grounded theory study. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 29:464-481. [PMID: 33164605 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1839965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period within the life course, for developing adult occupational competencies and health behaviours. Few studies have considered how 16-17 year olds choose activities and behaviours from an occupational perspective. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To explore how adolescents aged 16-17 years old make choices about their daily occupations to inform a theoretical model of occupational choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS About 27 secondary school students aged 16-17 years attended one of six focus groups. Transcripts were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory, informing the iterative development of a theoretical model of occupational choice. RESULTS Adolescent occupational choice occurred in response to experiencing needs, and was characterized by 'weighing up' and 'juggling' the following four key domains: 'Appraising values and priorities', 'Interacting with the situational context', 'Exploring skills and occupational repertoire' and 'Considering time factors'. A developing sense of responsibility and autonomy for occupational choices was described, leading to the development of the future occupational self. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE A theory illuminating how adolescents make choices was developed. The theory aligns with existing developmental literature and provides unique insights, from an occupational science perspective, on the conscious process by which adolescents make, develop and adapt choices about the occupations they do considering contextual and individual opportunities and constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Parsonage
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Helen Dawes
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Hajar Almoajil
- Centre for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences (MOReS), Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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González-Bernal JJ, Santamaría-Peláez M, González-Santos J, Rodríguez-Fernández P, León del Barco B, Soto-Cámara R. Relationship of Forced Social Distancing and Home Confinement Derived from the COVID-19 Pandemic with the Occupational Balance of the Spanish Population. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3606. [PMID: 33182379 PMCID: PMC7695251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrupt interruption in the performance of everyday occupations as a consequence of forced social distancing and home confinement, coupled with a lack of regulatory capacities and skills, can trigger harmful effects on people's health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the factors related to the occupational balance in the Spanish population during home confinement as a consequence of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 3261 subjects completed an online survey, which was disseminated through the mainstream social media platforms in Spain and included the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), sociodemographic variables, and factors related to COVID-19 infection. The mean age of the participants (81.69% women) was 40.53 years (SD ± 14.05). Sociodemographic variables were related to a greater occupational balance, and the multivariate analysis showed that age (β = 0.071; p = 0.001), the perception of having received enough information (β = 0.071; p ≤ 0.001), not telecommuting (β = -0.047; p = 0.022), and not being infected by COVID-19 (β = 0.055; p = 0.007) contributed to a better occupational balance. There were profiles of people less likely to suffer disturbances in occupational balance during home confinement, but more studies are needed to help understand and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's occupational and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirian Santamaría-Peláez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (P.R.-F.); (R.S.-C.)
| | - Josefa González-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (P.R.-F.); (R.S.-C.)
| | - Paula Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (P.R.-F.); (R.S.-C.)
| | - Benito León del Barco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Teacher Training College, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Raúl Soto-Cámara
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (J.J.G.-B.); (P.R.-F.); (R.S.-C.)
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Hansen AØ, Boll M, Skaarup L, Hansen T, Dür M, Stamm T, Kristensen HK. Danish translation and validation of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 29:380-394. [PMID: 33161804 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1842491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational balance is a key concept in occupational science and occupational therapy. However, it is not well operationalized and instruments to evaluate occupational balance are scarce. AIM To translate and validate a Danish version of the 10-item Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OB-Quest). MATERIAL AND METHODS Translation was conducted using the dual-panel approach. Thereafter, data from 262 healthy Danish students were analyzed regarding fit to the Rasch model. RESULTS The translation of the questionnaire to Danish required only minor cultural adaptations. Ninety percent of the participants were female. The mean age (±SD) was 26.10 (7.05) years. The reliability (person separation index) was questionable (0.63), and the scale showed multidimensionality. Two items (1 and 9) showed misfit to the Rasch model. Differential item function by gender was detected in one item (item 4). After deleting items 1 and 9 and splitting item 4 into two gender-specific items, the new 9-item scale showed good overall and individual item fit. However, reliability remained low (0.59) and some elements of the latent variable (occupational balance) were not sufficiently represented. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Further development and testing of the Danish OB-Quest is needed before implementation in clinical practice or research involving healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ørts Hansen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Boll
- Health Sciences Research Centre, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Skaarup
- Health Sciences Research Centre, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Hansen
- Faculty of health, Department of Occupational Therapy, University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Dür
- Department of Health Sciences, Master Degree Programme Applied Health Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Section for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanne Kaae Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Health Sciences Research Centre, UCL University College, Odense, Denmark
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Binesh M, Aghili R, Mehraban AH. Occupational balance in people with type-2 diabetes: A comparative cross-sectional study. Br J Occup Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022620963745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus may negatively impact individuals’ occupational balance. This study seeks to compare occupational balance in people with and without diabetes and also explore the biological and psychological factors associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. Method This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using simple non-probability sampling. Participants’ occupational balance was evaluated by the Life Balance Inventory. Blood samples were taken from those with diabetes and analyzed. Psychological distress was also evaluated in the people with diabetes using the Diabetes Distress Scale. Results A total of 160 individuals, including 80 people with diabetes and 80 people without diabetes, participated in this study. The mean occupational balance scores for people with and without diabetes were 2.56 and 2.61, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in occupational balance. Distress was the only significant factor related to occupational balance in people with diabetes ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Distress was the only bio-psychological factor associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. A higher level of distress is associated with lower occupational balance and also poor glycemic control in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Binesh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Aghili
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoon Hassani Mehraban
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tjörnstrand C, Eklund M, Bejerholm U, Argentzell E, Brunt D. A day in the life of people with severe mental illness living in supported housing. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:508. [PMID: 33059664 PMCID: PMC7559196 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness (SMI) living in supported housing (SH) struggle in everyday life and we currently lack a comprehensive body of knowledge concerning how the residents experience their day. This paper aimed to gain knowledge about how people with SMI describe a day in SH in Sweden, in particular the activities they most frequently engage in and how they experience what they do in or outside their home. Furthermore, it is important to gain knowledge of which activities motivate residents to leave the housing facility and to participate in the community. This new knowledge can help staff to encourage a recovery process among the residents. METHODS One hundred thirty-three people living in SH completed a time-use diary and a mixed-methods approach was applied, including calculations of what activity that was most frequently performed and a manifest content analysis addressing experiences of activity. RESULTS The residents had a low activity level and were often alone. Approximately one-half of the reported activities were performed in their own apartments, and generally unaccompanied. A quarter of the activities were performed in the common areas and a further quarter outside the SH. The most frequently performed activities were quiet and tranquil ones, e.g. listening to music and resting. Doing errands and group activities with staff and residents were the main activities that motivated leaving the facility. The participant experience of a day is presented in three categories: "Experiences of chosen and enforced togetherness and overcoming loneliness", "Environmental change and emotional balance can generate activity", and "Met and unmet needs for support, friendship and security". CONCLUSIONS The residents were generally satisfied with their quiet and tranquil lifestyle and appeared to demand little of life, which may relate to previous experiences of institutional life and can constitute a challenge for staff. The findings highlight experiences that can help to improve SH. Services need to support individually adjusted contextual stimuli and individualize the support to help residents find a good balance and motivate them to be active in and outside SH, which can support a recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Tjörnstrand
- Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, Lund University, Box 157, SE 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mona Eklund
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, Lund University, Box 157, SE 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bejerholm
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, Lund University, Box 157, SE 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Argentzell
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science, Lund University, Box 157, SE 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Brunt
- grid.8148.50000 0001 2174 3522Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
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Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process—Fourth Edition. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7412410010p1-7412410010p87. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.74s2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The fourth edition of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (hereinafter referred to as the OTPF–4), is an official document of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). Intended for occupational therapy practitioners and students, other health care professionals, educators, researchers, payers, policymakers, and consumers, the OTPF–4 presents a summary of interrelated constructs that describe occupational therapy practice.
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