1
|
Molina ÓS, Aranda AT, Chimes FG. The Biodiversity of Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Brazil: New Distribution Records and Updated Checklist. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:647-668. [PMID: 38656589 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Currently, according to the most recent Simuliidae World Inventory, there are 97 valid species of blackflies recorded in Brazil, some of which act as vectors for zoonoses such as human onchocerciasis and mansonellosis in the northern and central-western regions of the country. Meanwhile, other species can cause serious socioeconomic problems due to the nuisance of female bites. Therefore, accurate knowledge of their distribution is crucial for the development and implementation of successful preventive strategies. With this aim, this study reviewed and updated the geographical distribution of the blackfly fauna throughout the Brazilian states. The data were compiled from three main sources: geographic information of material deposited at the Simuliidae Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CSIOC-IOC), a comprehensive review of scientific literature, and online biodiversity databases. We present a total of 71 new distribution records of 38 different Simuliidae species for 24 Brazilian states. Neither of these sets of records has been included in the Simuliidae World Inventory. Consequently, an updated Brazilian Simuliidae checklist, comprising a total of 98 valid species, is presented, highlighting these new distribution records. We also discuss six dubious records for the country and the implications of this updated data for the Simuliidae species richness of Brazil, its states, and biomes. This information is essential for future studies in the taxonomy, systematics, and biogeography of this family in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Sánchez Molina
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC/Fiocruz, Integrated Laboratory of Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, Medical and Forensic Entomology, LSOEMF/IOC-Fiocruz), Blackfly Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute - CSIOC/Fiocruz, National Reference in Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, and Mansonellosis, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Arion Tulio Aranda
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC/Fiocruz, Integrated Laboratory of Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, Medical and Forensic Entomology, LSOEMF/IOC-Fiocruz), Blackfly Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute - CSIOC/Fiocruz, National Reference in Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, and Mansonellosis, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Gama Chimes
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute - IOC/Fiocruz, Integrated Laboratory of Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, Medical and Forensic Entomology, LSOEMF/IOC-Fiocruz), Blackfly Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute - CSIOC/Fiocruz, National Reference in Blackflies, Onchocerciasis, and Mansonellosis, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li R, Li X, Yang R, Farooq M, Tian Z, Xu Y, Shao N, Liu S, Xiao W. Bioassessment of Macroinvertebrate Communities Influenced by Gradients of Human Activities. INSECTS 2024; 15:131. [PMID: 38392550 PMCID: PMC10889158 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the impact of anthropogenic land use changes on the macroinvertebrate community structure in the streams of the Cangshan Mountains. Through field collections of macroinvertebrates, measurement of water environments, and delineation of riparian zone land use in eight streams, we analyzed the relationship between land use types, stream water environments, and macroinvertebrate diversities. The results demonstrate urban land use type and water temperature are the key environmental factors driving the differences in macroinvertebrate communities up-, mid-, and downstream. The disturbed streams had lower aquatic biodiversity than those in their natural state, showing a decrease in disturbance-sensitive aquatic insect taxa and a more similar community structure. In the natural woodland area, species distributions may be constrained by watershed segmentation and present more complex community characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Xianfu Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Ronglong Yang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaning Xu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Shuoran Liu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali 671003, China
- The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
- Yunling Black-and-White Snub-Nosed Monkey Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province, Dali 671003, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Li C, Shao H. Comparative Study of Potential Habitats for Simulium qinghaiense (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Huangshui River Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: An Analysis Using Four Ecological Niche Models and Optimized Approaches. INSECTS 2024; 15:81. [PMID: 38392501 PMCID: PMC10889266 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Huangshui River, a vital tributary in the upper reaches of the Yellow River within the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is home to the endemic black fly species S. qinghaiense. In this study, we conducted a systematic survey of the distribution of the species in the Huangshui River basin, revealing its predominant presence along the river's main stem. Based on four ecological niche models-MaxEnt with parameter optimization; GARP; BIOCLIM; and DOMAIN-we conduct a comparative analysis; evaluating the accuracy of AUC and Kappa values. Our findings indicate that optimizing parameters significantly improves the MaxEnt model's predictive accuracy by reducing complexity and overfitting. Furthermore, all four models exhibit higher accuracy compared to a random model, with MaxEnt demonstrating the highest AUC and Kappa values (0.9756 and 0.8118, respectively), showcasing significant superiority over the other models (p < 0.05). Evaluation of predictions from the four models elucidates that potential areas of S. qinghaiense in the Huangshui River basin are primarily concentrated in the central and southern areas, with precipitation exerting a predominant influence. Building upon these results, we utilized the MaxEnt model to forecast changes in suitable areas and distribution centers during the Last Interglacial (LIG), Mid-Holocene (MH), and future periods under three climate scenarios. The results indicate significantly smaller suitable areas during LIG and MH compared to the present, with the center of distribution shifting southeastward from the Qilian Mountains to the central part of the basin. In the future, suitable areas under different climate scenarios are expected to contract, with the center of distribution shifting southeastward. These findings provide important theoretical references for monitoring, early warning, and control measures for S. qinghaiense in the region, contributing to ecological health assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Qinghai, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chuanji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Qinghai, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Hainan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hew YX, Ya’cob Z, Adler PH, Chen CD, Lau KW, Sofian-Azirun M, Muhammad-Rasul AH, Putt QY, Izwan-Anas N, Hadi UK, Suana IW, Takaoka H, Low VL. DNA barcoding of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:248. [PMID: 37480109 PMCID: PMC10362752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA barcoding is a valuable taxonomic tool for rapid and accurate species identification and cryptic species discovery in black flies. Indonesia has 143 nominal species of black flies, but information on their biological aspects, including vectorial capacity and biting habits, remains underreported, in part because of identification problems. The current study represents the first comprehensive DNA barcoding of Indonesian black flies using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. METHODS Genomic DNA of Indonesian black fly samples were extracted and sequenced, producing 86 COI sequences in total. Two hundred four COI sequences, including 118 GenBank sequences, were analysed. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees were constructed and species delimitation analyses, including ASAP, GMYC and single PTP, were performed to determine whether the species of Indonesian black flies could be delineated. Intra- and interspecific genetic distances were also calculated and the efficacy of COI sequences for species identification was tested. RESULTS The DNA barcodes successfully distinguished most morphologically distinct species (> 80% of sampled taxa). Nonetheless, high maximum intraspecific distances (3.32-13.94%) in 11 species suggested cryptic diversity. Notably, populations of the common taxa Simulium (Gomphostilbia) cheongi, S. (Gomphostilbia) sheilae, S. (Nevermannia) feuerborni and S. (Simulium) tani in the islands of Indonesia were genetically distinct from those on the Southeast Asian mainland (Malaysia and Thailand). Integrated morphological, cytogenetic and nuclear DNA studies are warranted to clarify the taxonomic status of these more complex taxa. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that COI barcoding is a promising taxonomic tool for Indonesian black flies. The DNA barcodes will aid in correct identification and genetic study of Indonesian black flies, which will be helpful in the control and management of potential vector species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin Hew
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya’cob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter H. Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Koon Weng Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Qi Yan Putt
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Izwan-Anas
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Upik Kesumawati Hadi
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I. Wayan Suana
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Mataram (UNRAM), Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lourdes EY, Ya'cob Z, Low VL, Izwan-Anas N, Mansor MS, Dawood MM, Takaoka H, Adler PH. Natural infections and distributions of parasitic mermithids (Nematoda: Mermithidae) infecting larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in tropical streams of Malaysia. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106386. [PMID: 35248580 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mermithids are parasites of black flies that cause host mortality along with physical and behavioural changes in infected hosts. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the distribution of mermithids infecting black fly larvae and the factors that influence these distributions in Asia, including Malaysia. A total of 13,116 mid- to late-instar black fly larvae belonging to 42 species were collected from 138 streams across East and West Malaysia and screened for the presence of mermithid parasites. Overall, 121 mermithids were obtained from 107 (0.82%) larvae of nine (21.4%) black fly species. The average number of mermithids per black fly host was 1.10 ± 0.04 (SE), ranging from one to three mermithids per host. Mermithid infection was highest in Simulium trangense, with a frequency of occurrence of 6.5%, followed by S. cheongi (5.8%) and S. angulistylum complex (2.9%). Infection was lowest in S. brevipar and S. tahanense, with a frequency of occurrence of 0.7% each. Regression analysis indicated that mermithid infections in larval black flies were significantly associated with cooler and shallower streams with more canopy cover, dense riparian vegetation, high dissolved oxygen, and lower conductivity and complete pH. Forward logistic regression further indicated that infections in S. cheongi were associated with shaded, cooler, slightly acidic streams with higher conductivity and dissolved oxygen. These findings suggest that mermithid infections in larval black flies in Malaysia are not randomly distributed and are influenced by the breeding habitat of their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Y Lourdes
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Izwan-Anas
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Saiful Mansor
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahadimenakbar M Dawood
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lefèvre T, Sauvion N, Almeida RP, Fournet F, Alout H. The ecological significance of arthropod vectors of plant, animal, and human pathogens. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:404-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Spatial and temporal distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Pampa biome streams, Brazil. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Sohlström EH, Archer LC, Gallo B, Jochum M, Kordas RL, Rall BC, Rosenbaum B, O'Gorman EJ. Thermal acclimation increases the stability of a predator-prey interaction in warmer environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3765-3778. [PMID: 34009702 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming over the next century is likely to alter the energy demands of consumers and thus the strengths of their interactions with their resources. The subsequent cascading effects on population biomasses could have profound effects on food web stability. One key mechanism by which organisms can cope with a changing environment is phenotypic plasticity, such as acclimation to warmer conditions through reversible changes in their physiology. Here, we measured metabolic rates and functional responses in laboratory experiments for a widespread predator-prey pair of freshwater invertebrates, sampled from across a natural stream temperature gradient in Iceland (4-18℃). This enabled us to parameterize a Rosenzweig-MacArthur population dynamical model to study the effect of thermal acclimation on the persistence of the predator-prey pairs in response to warming. Acclimation to higher temperatures either had neutral effects or reduced the thermal sensitivity of both metabolic and feeding rates for the predator, increasing its energetic efficiency. This resulted in greater stability of population dynamics, as acclimation to higher temperatures increased the biomass of both predator and prey populations with warming. These findings indicate that phenotypic plasticity can act as a buffer against the impacts of environmental warming. As a consequence, predator-prey interactions between ectotherms may be less sensitive to future warming than previously expected, but this requires further investigation across a broader range of interacting species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra H Sohlström
- EcoNetLab (Theory in Biodiversity Science), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Louise C Archer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruno Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Malte Jochum
- Experimental interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Björn C Rall
- EcoNetLab (Theory in Biodiversity Science), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- EcoNetLab (Theory in Biodiversity Science), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Izwan-Anas N, Ya'cob Z, Low VL, Lourdes EY, Ramli R, Bolongan G, Takaoka H. Simulium (Gomphostilbia) aziruni: First record of a black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) attracted to a human in Malaysia. Acta Trop 2021; 218:105904. [PMID: 33775626 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most female black flies in the genus Simulium are blood-sucking flies and they can cause various parasitic diseases in human and animal. A total of 94 species of black flies have been reported in Malaysia, however, their biting behavior and role as vector of infectious agents remain understudied. To fill in this knowledge gap, we attempted to survey adult black flies from field populations in Peninsular Malaysia. In a survey carried out in 2017 at Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu, three females were caught while attracted and landed on human skin. Further morphological and molecular analyses showed that the specimens were identical to Simulium (Gomphostilbia) aziruni Takaoka, Hashim & Chen of the Simulium gombakense species-group. This is the first report on a black fly species attracted to human in Malaysia which serves as a steppingstone towards in-depth studies for black flies in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Izwan-Anas
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Emmanuel Y Lourdes
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Ramli
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gilmoore Bolongan
- Department of Wildlife and Nature Parks Peninsular Malaysia (PERHILITAN), KM 10, Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56100, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Docile T, Figueiró R, Molina O, Gil-Azevedo L, Nessimian J. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the Black Fly Communities (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Tropical Streams. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:269-281. [PMID: 33566320 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) Berliner, 1911 is widely used in the biological control of black fly and mosquito populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bti on the black fly communities in streams in the Atlantic Forest domain. The study was carried out in eight streams of Serra do Mar, in the municipality of Ubatuba, São Paulo. Some parts of the streams in this locality have received applications of Bti fortnightly for more than 25 years by the sanitary agency of the region. In each stream, two sections were sampled, with and without application of Bti (June 2015 and 2016). Black flies were collected and identified to the species level in the laboratory with 1382 larvae being identified, distributed in six species. Of this total, 73% of the individuals were found in sections where Bti was not applied. There was a difference in the abundance of simulids between the sections with and without Bti application, being more abundant in the latter. We measured the head capsule of individuals of the most abundant species, Simulium pertinax Kollar 1832, using a stereoscopic microscope with millimeter lens. These measurements demonstrated that there was a difference between the sections regarding the age structure of Simuliidae populations. In the sections without Bti application, there was a higher proportion of larvae in the last instar, while in the Bti-treated sections, smaller instars were predominant, possibly due to constant recolonization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Docile
- Lab de Entomologia, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia da Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Lab de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Centro Univ Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Lab de Educação Profissional em Vigilância em Saúde da Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (LAVSA/EPSJV/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ronaldo Figueiró
- Lab de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Centro Univ Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Univ de Volta Redonda (UniFOA), Volta Redonda, Brazil
- Univ Castelo Branco (UCB), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oscar Molina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Lab de Simulídeos e Oncocercose, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Depto de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gil-Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Depto de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Nessimian
- Lab de Entomologia, Depto de Zoologia, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia da Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia do Museu Nacional, Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carneiro VCDS, Lucena LBD, Figueiró R, Victório CP. Larvicidal activity of plants from Myrtaceae against Aedes aegypti L. and Simulium pertinax Kollar (Diptera). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 54:e00922020. [PMID: 33338107 PMCID: PMC7747825 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0092-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Despite their widespread usage, synthetic insecticides and larvicides are
harmful for controlling disease-causing mosquitoes owing to the development
of resistance. The leaves of Eugenia astringens,
Myrrhinium atropurpureum, and Neomitranthes
obscura were collected from Marambaia and Grumari restingas.
The safety and larvicidal efficacy of their extracts were tested against
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti L. and Simulium
(Chirostilbia) pertinax Kollar. METHODS: The dry leaves were subjected to static maceration extraction using 90%
methanol. A. aegypti and S. pertinax
larvae were exposed to 7.5, 12.5, and 25.0 µL/mL of the extracts (n= 30).
The larvicidal activity after 24 h and 48 h, and the mortality, were
determined. The median lethal concentration (CL50) was estimated
by a Finney's probit model. RESULTS: M. atropurpureum and E. astringens
extracts exhibited the strongest larvicidal effects against A.
aegypti. M. atropurpureum extracts (25 µL/mL)
caused mortalities of over 50% and 100% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively
(CL50 = 11.10 and 9.68 ppm, respectively). E.
astringens extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of 50% and
63.33% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. High concentrations of N.
obscura extracts induced a maximum mortality of 46.66% in
A. aegypti larvae after 48 h (CL50= 25 ppm).
The larvae of S. pertinax showed 100% mortality following
exposure to all the plant extracts at all the tested concentrations after 24
h. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts of M. atropurpuerum exhibited the strongest
larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. The larvae of
S. pertinax were sensitive to all the extracts at all
the tested concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Cristine de Souza Carneiro
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Programa de Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luana Braz de Lucena
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Programa de Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Figueiró
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Programa de Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Castelo Branco, Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Pimentel Victório
- Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Programa de Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tomás G, Zamora-Muñoz C, Martín-Vivaldi M, Barón MD, Ruiz-Castellano C, Soler JJ. Effects of Chemical and Auditory Cues of Hoopoes (Upupa epops) in Repellence and Attraction of Blood-Feeding Flies. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.579667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
13
|
Crespo-Pérez V, Kazakou E, Roubik DW, Cárdenas RE. The importance of insects on land and in water: a tropical view. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 40:31-38. [PMID: 32563991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical insects are astonishingly diverse and abundant yet receive only marginal scientific attention. In natural tropical settings, insects are involved in regulating and supporting ecosystem services including seed dispersal, pollination, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, herbivory, food webs and water quality, which in turn help fulfill UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Current and future global changes that affect insect diversity and distribution could disrupt key ecosystem services and impose important threats on ecosystems and human well-being. A significant increase in our knowledge of tropical insect roles in ecosystem processes is thus vital to ensure sustainable development on a rapidly changing planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Crespo-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Museo de Zoología QCAZ I, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado: 17-01-2184 Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Elena Kazakou
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David W Roubik
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Rafael E Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Museo de Zoología QCAZ I, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado: 17-01-2184 Quito, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chakarov N, Kampen H, Wiegmann A, Werner D, Bensch S. Blood parasites in vectors reveal a united blackfly community in the upper canopy. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:309. [PMID: 32539849 PMCID: PMC7296761 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The behaviour of blood-sucking arthropods is a crucial determinant of blood protozoan distribution and hence of host-parasite coevolution, but it is very challenging to study in the wild. The molecular identification of parasite lineages in vectors can be a useful key to understand the behaviour and transmission patterns realised by these vectors. Methods In this study, we collected blackflies around nests of three raptor species in the upper forest canopy in central Europe and examined the presence of vertebrate DNA and haemosporidian parasites in them. We molecularly analysed 156 blackfly individuals, their vertebrate blood meals, and the haemosporidian parasite lineages they carried. Results We identified nine species of Simulium blackflies, largely belonging to the subgenera Nevermannia and Eusimulium. Only 1% of the collected specimens was visibly engorged, and only 4% contained remains of host DNA. However, in 29% of the blackflies Leucocytozoon lineages were identified, which is evidence of a previous blood meal on an avian host. Based on the known vertebrate hosts of the recorded Leucocytozoon lineages, we can infer that large and/or abundant birds, such as thrushes, crows, pigeons, birds of prey, owls and tits are the main targets of ornithophilic blackflies in the canopy. Blackfly species contained similar proportions of host group-specific parasite lineages and thus do not appear to be associated with particular host groups. Conclusions The Leucocytozoon clade infecting thrushes, crows, and pigeons present in most represented blackfly species suggests a lack of association between hosts and blackflies, which can increase the probability of host switches of blood parasites. However, the composition of the simuliid species differed between nests of common buzzards, goshawks and red kites. This segregation can be explained by coinciding habitat preferences between host and vector, and may lead to the fast speciation of Leucocytozoon parasites. Thus, subtle ecological preferences and lack of host preference of vectors in the canopy may enable both parasite diversification and host switches, and enforce a habitat-dependent evolution of avian malaria parasites and related haemosporidia.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayden Chakarov
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anja Wiegmann
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Doreen Werner
- Research Area 2 'Land Use and Governance', Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pavitra SP, Low VL, Tan TK, Lim YAL, Ya'cob Z. Temporal variation in diversity and community structure of preimaginal blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in a tropical forest reserve in Malaysia. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105275. [PMID: 31747545 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are ecologically and medically important insects but they have been understudied in Malaysia. Accordingly, a study on the temporal variation in diversity and community structure of preimaginal blackflies was conducted for the first time in Malaysia. A total of 865 preimaginal blackflies were collected in 120 samplings from five streams across three monsoon seasons from February 2018 until January 2019. Ten species were recorded and most frequently collected species were Simulium cheongi, Simulium vanluni and Simulium jeffreyi. Relatively common species were Simulium roslihashimi, Simulium tani complex and Simulium trangense. No significant changes of rainfall was observed between three monsoon seasons as well as the seasons with species and physiochemical parameters except acidity (pH) (P < 0.01). Species relative abundance was varied between seasons, as high value of Shannon index (H) was found in northeast monsoon and lowest in the southwest monsoon. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all stream variables revealed two PCs that accounted for 61.4% of the total variance of physicochemical characteristics. Regression analysis revealed that species richness was positively and significantly associated with wider, deeper, faster, low conductivity and larger streambed particle with less canopy cover. Forward logistic regression analysis on three frequently collected species (>20%) indicated that S. vanluni and S. jeffreyi were commonly associated with wider, deeper and fast-flowing streams with low conductivity and larger streambed particle. In contrast, S. cheongi was associated with smaller, slower and small streambed particle. This first extensive bimonthly study has uncovered the species community structure as well as the changes of stream physicochemical parameters over time although they were not greatly and significantly influenced by the monsoon seasons. Species distribution, richness and abundance, however, were highly determined by the stream width, depth and velocity, therefore, were vital in shaping diversity and community structure of preimaginal blackflies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tiong Kai Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ruczyński I, Hałat Z, Zegarek M, Borowik T, Dechmann DKN. Camera transects as a method to monitor high temporal and spatial ephemerality of flying nocturnal insects. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Hałat
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Marcin Zegarek
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Tomasz Borowik
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior Radolfzell Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Archer LC, Sohlström EH, Gallo B, Jochum M, Woodward G, Kordas RL, Rall BC, O'Gorman EJ. Consistent temperature dependence of functional response parameters and their use in predicting population abundance. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1670-1683. [PMID: 31283002 PMCID: PMC6899737 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is one of the greatest threats to the persistence of populations: increased metabolic demands should strengthen pairwise species interactions, which could destabilize food webs at the higher organizational levels. Quantifying the temperature dependence of consumer-resource interactions is thus essential for predicting ecological responses to warming. We explored feeding interactions between different predator-prey pairs in controlled-temperature chambers and in a system of naturally heated streams. We found consistent temperature dependence of attack rates across experimental settings, though the magnitude and activation energy of attack rate were specific to each predator, which varied in mobility and foraging mode. We used these parameters along with metabolic rate measurements to estimate energetic efficiency and population abundance with warming. Energetic efficiency accurately estimated field abundance of a mobile predator that struggled to meet its metabolic demands, but was a poor predictor for a sedentary predator that operated well below its energetic limits. Temperature effects on population abundance may thus be strongly dependent on whether organisms are regulated by their own energy intake or interspecific interactions. Given the widespread use of functional response parameters in ecological modelling, reconciling outcomes from laboratory and field studies increases the confidence and precision with which we can predict warming impacts on natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Archer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Esra H Sohlström
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Malte Jochum
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Guy Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca L Kordas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Björn C Rall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cuadrado LA, Moncada LI, Pinilla GA, Larrañaga A, Sotelo AI, Adler PH. Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Assemblages of High Andean Rivers Respond to Environmental and Pollution Gradients. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:815-825. [PMID: 31120508 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simuliid larvae are common inhabitants of mountain rivers throughout the world, where they can serve as ecological indicators. Black flies were sampled during three seasons in four rivers in the upper basin of the Bogotá River in the Colombian Andes, and physical, chemical, and hydrological data were recorded. Multivariate methods were used to determine the relationships between the presence and abundance of simuliid species and environmental characteristics. Fourteen species were found: eight in the genus Gigantodax (Enderlein, Diptera, Simuliidae) and six in the genus Simulium (Latreille, Diptera, Simuliidae). Dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, redox potential, chemical oxygen demand, and nutrients contributed to an explanation of species distributions. Species in clean waters and in more polluted waters had narrow niches; those in low to moderately polluted waters had broader niches. Species in the lower reaches of the watercourses had greater turnover, perhaps because the most sensitive species had disappeared and been replaced by more tolerant species. Thus, simuliids can be used as predictors of environmental characteristics of Andean rivers and can be useful in the evaluation and management of these watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz A Cuadrado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ligia I Moncada
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel A Pinilla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Laboratory of Stream Ecology, Department of Vegetal Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aura I Sotelo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adler PH, Barzen J, Gray E, Lacy A, Urbanek RP, Converse SJ. The dilemma of pest suppression in the conservation of endangered species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:788-796. [PMID: 30520153 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the conservation of endangered species, suppression of a population of one native species to benefit another poses challenges. Examples include predator control and nest parasite reduction. Less obvious is the control of blood-feeding arthropods. We conducted a case study of the effect of native black flies (Simulium spp.) on reintroduced Whooping Cranes (Grus americana). Our intent was to provide a science-driven approach for determining the effects of blood-feeding arthropods on endangered vertebrates and identifying optimal management actions for managers faced with competing objectives. A multiyear experiment demonstrated that black flies reduce nest success in cranes by driving incubating birds off their nests. We used a decision-analytic approach to develop creative management alternatives and evaluate trade-offs among competing objectives. We identified 4 management objectives: establish a self-sustaining crane population, improve crane well-being, maintain native black flies as functional components of the ecosystem, and minimize costs. We next identified potential management alternatives: do nothing, suppress black flies, force crane renesting to occur after the activity period of black flies, relocate releases of cranes, suppress black flies and relocate releases, or force crane renesting and relocate releases. We then developed predictions on constructed scales of 0 (worst-performing alternative) to 1 (best-performing alternative) to indicate how alternative actions performed in terms of management objectives. The optimal action depended on the relative importance of each objective to a decision maker. Only relocating releases was a dominated alternative, indicating that it was not optimal regardless of the relative importance of objectives. A rational decision maker could choose any other management alternative we considered. Recognizing that decisions involve trade-offs that must be weighed by decision makers is crucial to identifying alternatives that best balance multiple management objectives. Given uncertainty about the population dynamics of blood-feeding arthropods, an adaptive management approach could offer substantial benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, 130 McGinty Court, Clemson, SC, 29634, U.S.A
| | - Jeb Barzen
- International Crane Foundation, E-11376 Shady Lane Road, Baraboo, WI, 53913, U.S.A
- Current address: Private Lands Conservation LLC, S-12213 Round River Trail, Spring Green, WI, 53588, U.S.A
| | - Elmer Gray
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 413 Biological Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, U.S.A
| | - Anne Lacy
- International Crane Foundation, E-11376 Shady Lane Road, Baraboo, WI, 53913, U.S.A
| | - Richard P Urbanek
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Necedah National Wildlife Refuge, N11385 Headquarters Road, Necedah, WI, 54646, U.S.A
| | - Sarah J Converse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ecological and Societal Services of Aquatic Diptera. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10030070. [PMID: 30875770 PMCID: PMC6468872 DOI: 10.3390/insects10030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
More than any other group of macro-organisms, true flies (Diptera) dominate the freshwater environment. Nearly one-third of all flies—roughly 46,000 species—have some developmental connection with an aquatic environment. Their abundance, ubiquity, and diversity of adaptations to the aquatic environment position them as major drivers of ecosystem processes and as sources of products and bioinspiration for the benefit of human society. Larval flies are well represented as ecosystem engineers and keystone species that alter the abiotic and biotic environments through activities such as burrowing, grazing, suspension feeding, and predation. The enormous populations sometimes achieved by aquatic flies can provide the sole or major dietary component for other organisms. Harnessing the services of aquatic Diptera for human benefit depends on the ingenuity of the scientific community. Aquatic flies have played a role as indicators of water quality from the earliest years of bioassessment. They serve as indicators of historical and future ecological and climate change. As predators and herbivores, they can serve as biological control agents. The association of flies with animal carcasses in aquatic environments provides an additional set of tools for forensic science. The extremophilic attributes of numerous species of Diptera offer solutions for human adaptation to harsh terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. The potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications of the symbiotic microbial community in extremophilic Diptera are better explored than are those of dipteran chemistry. Many flies provide valuable ecological and human services as aquatic immatures, but are also pests and vectors of disease agents as terrestrial adults. The scientific community, thus, is challenged with balancing the benefits and costs of aquatic Diptera, while maintaining sustainable populations as more species face extinction.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kupryianchyk D, Giesler R, Bidleman TF, Liljelind P, Lau DCP, Sponseller RA, Andersson PL. Industrial and natural compounds in filter-feeding black fly larvae and water in 3 tundra streams. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:3011-3017. [PMID: 30183099 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, novel flame retardants, and naturally occurring bromoanisoles in water and filter-feeding black fly (Simuliidae) larvae in 3 tundra streams in northern Sweden. The results demonstrate that black fly larvae accumulate a wide range of organic contaminants and can be used as bioindicators of water pollution in Arctic streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3011-3017. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reiner Giesler
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Per Liljelind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Danny Chun Pong Lau
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ryan A Sponseller
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ruiz-Arrondo I, Hernández-Triana LM, Ignjatović-Ćupina A, Nikolova N, Garza-Hernández JA, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Oteo JA, Fooks AR, Lucientes Curdi J. DNA barcoding of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) as a tool for species identification and detection of hidden diversity in the eastern regions of Spain. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:463. [PMID: 30103795 PMCID: PMC6090827 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blackflies have negative impact on public and animal health due to the haematophagous habit of females. In recent times, in some regions in Spain, blackfly outbreaks are becoming more and more frequent, threatening the public health. However, there is still a paucity of data concerning the Spanish blackfly fauna. Correct identification of species is of paramount importance in order to provide correct information on species distribution, biology and behaviour, so that control measures could be implemented appropriately. Methods Blackflies specimens (larvae, pupae, reared adults and biting females) were collected in the period 2015–2017 in and near rivers and streams from different regions in Spain. A modified Hotshot technique was used for the DNA extraction and the cox1 DNA barcoding region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 was sequenced from the specimens collected. Results In total, we collected 239 specimens representing 22 species. Of these, six species are new records for the Aragón region: P. tomosvaryi, S. bertrandi, S. galloprovinciale, S. lineatum, S. rubzovianum and S. xanthinum. Cox1 DNA barcode sequences for 21 species were recovered, including four species of the genus Prosimulium and 17 species of the genus Simulium [Boophthora (1 species), Eusimulium (1 species), Nevermannia (4 species), Simulium (s.s.) (6 species), Trichodagmia (1 species) and Wilhelmia (4 species)]. For the first time the complete DNA barcodes for five species (P. tomosvaryi, S. carthusiense, S. brevidens, S. monticola and S. sergenti) were registered. Most of the specimens belonging to the same recognized species were clustered together in the neighbour-joining tree, except for S. argyreatum, S. monticola and S. variegatum. The overall genetic distance in the dataset was 0.14%. The average of the intraspecific genetic divergence within the different taxa was 1.47% (0.05–3.96%). In contrast, the interspecific divergence varied between 2.50–22.0%. Conclusions In this study we assessed the use of the cox1 DNA barcoding region for the identification of species of blackflies in Spain. Our results showed that combining DNA barcoding with morphology enhanced our taxonomic rationale in identifying the blackflies in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3046-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. .,Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - José A Oteo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Javier Lucientes Curdi
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gomard Y, Cornuault J, Licciardi S, Lagadec E, Belqat B, Dsouli N, Mavingui P, Tortosa P. Evidence of multiple colonizations as a driver of black fly diversification in an oceanic island. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202015. [PMID: 30096163 PMCID: PMC6086440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
True oceanic islands typically host reduced species diversity together with high levels of endemism, which make these environmental set-ups ideal for the exploration of species diversification drivers. In the present study, we used black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Reunion Island as a model to highlight the main drivers of insect species diversification in this young and remote volcanic island located in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Using local and regional (Comoros and Seychelles archipelagos) samples as well as specimens from continental Africa, we tested the likelihood of two distinct scenarios, i.e. multiple colonizations vs. in-situ diversification. For this, posterior odds were used to test whether species from Reunion did form a monophyletic group and we estimated divergence times between species. Three out of the four previously described Reunion black fly species could be sampled, namely Simulium ruficorne, Simulium borbonense and Simulium triplex. The phylogenies based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers showed that S. ruficorne and S. borbonense are the most closely related species. Interestingly, we report a probable mitochondrial introgression between these two species although they diverged almost six million years ago. Finally, we showed that the three Reunion species did not form a monophyletic group, and, combined with the molecular datation, the results indicated that Reunion black fly diversity resulted from multiple colonization events. Thus, multiple colonizations, rather than in-situ diversification, are likely responsible for an important part of black fly diversity found on this young Darwinian island.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Josselin Cornuault
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico, RJB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Séverine Licciardi
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public Cyclotron Reunion Océan Indien (GIP CYROI), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Boutaïna Belqat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Najla Dsouli
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies émergentes dans l’Océan Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5557, Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France; INRA, UMR1418, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mantilla JS, Moncada LI, Matta NE, Adler PH. Distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) along an elevational gradient in the Andes Mountains of Colombia during the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Acta Trop 2018; 183:162-172. [PMID: 29621533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Vector ecology is a key factor in understanding the transmission of disease agents, with each species having an optimal range of environmental requirements. Scarce data, however, are available for how interactions of local and broad-scale climate phenomena, such as seasonality and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), affect simuliids. We, therefore, conducted an exploratory study to examine distribution patterns of species of Simuliidae along an elevational gradient of the Otún River in the Colombian Andes, encompassing four ecoregions. Larval and pupal simuliids were sampled at 52 sites ranging from 1800 to 4750 m above sea level in dry and wet seasons and during the La Niña phase (2011-2012) and the El Niño phase (2015-2016) of the ENSO; physicochemical measurements were taken during the El Niño phase. Twenty-seven species in two genera (Gigantodax and Simulium) were collected. Species richness and occurrence in each ecoregion were influenced by elevation, seasonality, and primarily the warm El Niño and cool La Niña phases of the ENSO. The degree of change differed among ecoregions and was related to physicochemical factors, mainly with stream discharge. Some putative simuliid vectors of Leucocytozoon, such as G. misitu and S. muiscorum, markedly changed in distribution and occurrence, potentially influencing parasite transmission.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sankarappan A, Mani K, Sundaram D, Chelliah B, Muthukalingan K. Hierarchical dynamics influence the distribution of immature black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Acta Trop 2018; 177:105-115. [PMID: 29017875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult black flies (Simuliidae) are medically important insects and they are the sole vector of Onchocerca volvulus. Immature black flies are major components of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams and play a vital role in nutrient dynamics. In this study, we examined effect of hierarchical dynamics (spatio-temporal pattern) on the distribution of immature black flies in South Indian streams. The sampling was done in streams of Western Ghats, South India. A total of 16 species belong to two subgenera: Simulium (10 species) and Gowmphostilbia (6 species) of Simulium were observed. Alpha diversity indices were analyzed, which indicate the abundance and species richness between sampling sites. Non-parametric analysis recognized the key environmental variables including latitude and stream order. Subsequently, the monsoon influences the larval assemblages and its association was high in leaf litter as revealed through statistical analyses. Although the members of the immature black fly assemblage with different environmental factors, they are very closely related to spatial and temporal organization and secondarily with other factors prevailing in streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbalagan Sankarappan
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Melur, 625106, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kannan Mani
- Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Melur, 625106, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinakaran Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, The Madura College, Madurai, 625011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Krishnan Muthukalingan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hernández-Triana LM, Montes De Oca F, Prosser SW, Hebert PD, Gregory TR, McMurtrie S. DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome 2017; 60:348-357. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies in the austral region was assessed. Twenty-eight morphospecies were analyzed: eight of the genus Austrosimulium (four species in the subgenus Austrosimulium s. str., three species in the subgenus Novaustrosimulium, and one species unassigned to subgenus), two of the genus Cnesia, eight of Gigantodax, three of Paracnephia, one of Paraustrosimulium, and six of Simulium (subgenera Morops, Nevermannia, and Pternaspatha). The neighbour-joining tree derived from the DNA barcode sequences grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0% to 1.8%, while higher divergences (2%–4.2%) in certain species suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. simile revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic diversity. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens identified as C. dissimilis, C. nr. pussilla, and C. ornata might be conspecific, suggesting possible synonymy. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework would provide an effective approach for the identification of black flies in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Montes De Oca
- Program of Applied Studies for the Conservation of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Fagnano 244, CP 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Sean W.J. Prosser
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D.N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T. Ryan Gregory
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiang H, Zhang Y, Richardson JS. Importance of Riparian Zone: Effects of Resource Availability at Land-water Interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/remc-2016-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRiparian zone provides a variety of resources to organisms, including availability of water and subsidies. Water availability in riparian areas influences species distribution and trophic interaction of terrestrial food webs. Cross-ecosystem subsidies as resource flux of additional energy, nutrients, and materials benefit riparian populations and communities (e.g. plants, spiders, lizards, birds and mammals). However, aquatic ecosystems and riparian zones are prone to anthropogenic disturbances, which change water availability and affect the flux dynamics of cross-system subsidies. Yet, we still lack sufficient empirical studies assessing impacts of disturbances of land use, climate change and invasive species individually and interactively on aquatic and riparian ecosystems through influencing subsidy resource availability. In filling this knowledge gap, we can make more effective efforts to protect and conserve riparian habitats and biodiversity, and maintain riparian ecosystem functioning and services.
Collapse
|
28
|
Colorado-Garzón FA, Adler PH, García LF, Muñoz de Hoyos P, Bueno ML, Matta NE. Estimating Diversity of Black Flies in theSimulium ignescensandSimulium tunjaComplexes in Colombia: Chromosomal Rearrangements as the Core of Integrative Taxonomy. J Hered 2016; 108:12-24. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Ya’cob Z, Takaoka H, Pramual P, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M. Breeding habitat preference of preimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Acta Trop 2016; 153:57-63. [PMID: 26476394 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the breeding habitat preference of black flies, a comprehensive black fly survey was conducted for the first time in Peninsular Malaysia. Preimaginal black flies (pupae and larvae) were collected manually from 180 stream points encompassing northern, southern, central and east coast of the Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 47 black fly species were recorded in this study. The predominant species were Simulium trangense (36.7%) and Simulium angulistylum (33.3%). Relatively common species were Simulium cheongi (29.4%), Simulium tani (25.6%), Simulium nobile (16.2%), Simulium sheilae (14.5%) and Simulium bishopi (10.6%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all stream variables revealed four PCs that accounted for 69.3% of the total intersite variance. Regression analysis revealed that high species richness is associated with larger, deeper, faster and higher discharge streams with larger streambed particles, more riparian vegetation and low pH (F=22.7, d.f.=1, 173; P<0.001). Relationship between species occurrence of seven common species (present in >10% of the sampling sites) was assessed. Forward logistic regression analysis indicated that four species were significantly related to the stream variables. S. nobile and S. tani prefer large, fast flowing streams with higher pH, large streambed particles and riparian trees. S. bishopi was commonly found at high elevation with cooler stream, low conductivity, higher conductivity and more riparian trees. In contrast, S. sheilae was negatively correlated with PC-2, thus, this species commonly found at low elevation, warmer stream with low conductivity and less riparian trees. The results of this study are consistent with previous studies from other geographic regions, which indicated that both physical and chemical stream conditions are the key factors for black fly ecology.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pramual P, Thaijarern J, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Hadi UK, Takaoka H. Cytogenetic and Molecular Evidence of Additional Cryptic Diversity in High Elevation Black fly Simulium feuerborni (Diptera: Simuliidae) Populations in Southeast Asia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:829-836. [PMID: 26336220 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Simulium feuerborni Edwards is geographically widespread in Southeast Asia. Previous cytogenetic study in Thailand revealed that this species is a species complex composed of two cytoforms (A and B). In this study, we cytologically examined specimens obtained from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia, and Puncak, Java, Indonesia. The results revealed two additional cytoforms (C and D) of S. feuerborni. Specimens from Malaysia represent cytoform C, differentiated from other cytoforms by a fixed chromosome inversion on the long arm of chromosome III (IIIL-5). High frequencies of the B chromosome (33-83%) were also observed in this cytoform. Specimens from Indonesia represent the cytoform D. This cytoform is differentiated from others by a fixed chromosome inversion difference on the long arm of chromosome II (IIL-4). Mitochondrial DNA sequences support genetic differentiation among cytoforms A, B, and C. The pairwise F(ST) values among these cytoforms were highly significantly consistent with the divergent lineages of the cytoforms in a median-joining haplotype network. However, a lack of the sympatric populations prevented us from testing the species status of the cytoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand. Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand. Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Jiraporn Thaijarern
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Upik Kesumawati Hadi
- Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia. Jl Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Al-Shaer L, Pierce AK, Larson D, Hancock R. Notes on facultative predation in Prosimulium larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in alpine and subalpine streams in Colorado. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2015; 31:113-116. [PMID: 25843187 DOI: 10.2987/14-6460.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that black fly larvae employ filter feeding as their primary mode of nutrient intake, other forms of food acquisition, such as predation, may be more prevalent than previously realized. It has been suggested that environments where particulate matter is low, such as high-elevation seasonal streams, may drive predatory behavior in black fly larvae. Relatively little is known about the frequency at which larvae prey on other organisms or if predation may be obligate in some species. In order to supplement the idea that larval black fly predation may be a common method of feeding under certain conditions, a preliminary survey of predation by Prosimulium larvae was conducted in order to assess predation frequency at high-elevation sites (> 3,200 m) in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Larvae were sampled from alpine and subalpine locations, and their gut content analysis revealed evidence of facultative predation and possible cannibalism. Evidence of predation was observed in all but 1 Prosimulium species collected. Predation frequency was highest in the North Fork Snake River headwater location, a small tributary stream of the Snake River in central Colorado. This survey suggests that further inquiry into predatory behavior of black fly larvae should be conducted to determine the mechanisms, behavior, and ecological impact of this understudied feeding strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Al-Shaer
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Coupling Biological and Physical Processes: The Ecological Significance of River Channel Hydraulics and Fluvial Dynamics. RIVERS – PHYSICAL, FLUVIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17719-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
33
|
Sriphirom P, Sopaladawan PN, Wongpakam K, Pramual P. Molecular phylogeny of black flies in the Simulium tuberosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) species group in Thailand. Genome 2014; 57:45-55. [PMID: 24564215 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black flies are medically and ecologically significant insects. They are also interesting from an evolutionary standpoint regarding the role of chromosomal change and ecological adaptation. In this study, molecular genetic markers based on multiple gene sequences were used to assess genetic diversity and to infer phylogenetic relationships for a group of cytologically highly diverse black flies of the Simulium tuberosum species group in Thailand. Ecological affinities of the species were also investigated. High levels of genetic diversity were found in cytological species complexes, S. tani and S. doipuiense, and also in S. rufibasis, which was cytologically nearly monomorphic. The results highlight the necessity of integrating multilevel markers for fully understanding black fly biodiversity. Phylogenetic relationships based on multiple gene sequences were consistent with an existing dendrogram inferred from cytological and morphological data. Simulium tani is the most distinctive taxa among the members of the S. tubersosum species group in Thailand based on its divergent morphological characters. Molecular data supported the monophyletic status of S. tani, S. weji, and S. yuphae, but S. doipuiense and S. rufibasis were polyphyletic, most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting and inadequate phylogenetic signals. Ecological analyses revealed that members of the S. tuberosum species group have clearly different ecological niches. The results thus supported previous views of the importance of ecology in black fly evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paradee Sriphirom
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernández-Triana LM, Prosser SW, Rodríguez-Perez MA, Chaverri LG, Hebert PDN, Gregory TR. Recovery of DNA barcodes from blackfly museum specimens (Diptera: Simuliidae) using primer sets that target a variety of sequence lengths. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 14:508-18. [PMID: 24299419 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of various primers for the purpose of DNA barcoding old, pinned museum specimens of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). We analysed 271 pinned specimens representing two genera and at least 36 species. Due to the age of our material, we targeted overlapping DNA fragments ranging in size from 94 to 407 bp. We were able to recover valid sequences from 215 specimens, of which 18% had 500- to 658-bp barcodes, 36% had 201- to 499-bp barcodes and 46% had 65- to 200-bp barcodes. Our study demonstrates the importance of choosing suitable primers when dealing with older specimens and shows that even very short sequences can be diagnostically informative provided that an appropriate gene region is used. Our study also highlights the lack of knowledge surrounding blackfly taxonomy, and we briefly discuss the need for further phylogenetic studies in this socioeconomically important family of insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Hernández-Triana
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Papanicolaou A, Woo A, Brei B, Ma D, Masedunskas A, Gray E, Xiao GG, Cho S, Brockhouse C. Novel aquatic silk genes Simulium (Psilozia) vittatum (Zett) Diptera: Simuliidae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:1181-1188. [PMID: 24446544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The silks of arthropods have an elementary role in the natural history of the organisms that spin them, yet they are coded by rapidly evolving genes leading some authors to speculate that silk proteins are non-homologous proteins co-opted multiple times independently for similar functions. However, some general structural patterns are emerging. In this work we identified three major silk gland proteins using a combined biochemical, proteomic, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic approach. Biochemical characterization determined that they were phosphorylated with multiple isoforms and potentially differential phosphorylation. Structural characterization showed that their structure was more similar to silk proteins from distantly related aquatic Trichopteran species than more closely related terrestrial or aquatic Diptera. Overall, our approach is easily transferable to any non-model species and if used across a larger number of aquatic species, we will be able to better understand the processes involved in linking the secondary structure of silk proteins with their function between in an organisms and its habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexie Papanicolaou
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Black Mountain Labs, GPO 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Angelica Woo
- Biology Department, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Brianna Brei
- Biology Department, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Danjun Ma
- Entomology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrius Masedunskas
- Biology Department, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Elmer Gray
- Entomology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Genomics and Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Soochin Cho
- Biology Department, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
| | - Charles Brockhouse
- Biology Department, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pramual P, Adler PH. DNA barcoding of tropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 14:262-71. [PMID: 24112561 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ecological and medical importance of black flies drives the need for rapid and reliable identification of these minute, structurally uniform insects. We assessed the efficiency of DNA barcoding for species identification of tropical black flies. A total of 351 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences were obtained from 41 species in six subgenera of the genus Simulium in Thailand. Despite high intraspecific genetic divergence (mean = 2.00%, maximum = 9.27%), DNA barcodes provided 96% correct identification. Barcodes also differentiated cytoforms of selected species complexes, albeit with varying levels of success. Perfect differentiation was achieved for two cytoforms of Simulium feuerborni, and 91% correct identification was obtained for the Simulium angulistylum complex. Low success (33%), however, was obtained for the Simulium siamense complex. The differential efficiency of DNA barcodes to discriminate cytoforms was attributed to different levels of genetic structure and demographic histories of the taxa. DNA barcode trees were largely congruent with phylogenies based on previous molecular, chromosomal and morphological analyses, but revealed inconsistencies that will require further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jonsson M, Strasevicius D, Malmqvist B. Influences of river regulation and environmental variables on upland bird assemblages in northern Sweden. Ecol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-012-0974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
38
|
Tang X, Adler PH, Vogel H, Ping L. Gender-specific bacterial composition of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 80:659-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Tang
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Jena; Germany
| | - Peter H. Adler
- Entomology Program; Clemson University; Clemson; SC; USA
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology; Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Jena; Germany
| | - Liyan Ping
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Jena; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Swanson DA, Adler PH, Malmqvist B. Spatial stratification of host-seeking Diptera in boreal forests of northern Europe. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 26:56-62. [PMID: 21592156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The stratification of haematophagous Diptera was assessed in two boreal forests in northern Sweden by placing traps baited with carbon dioxide at 1.5 m, 5.0 m and 10.0 m above the ground. More than 40 000 specimens were captured, including 617 biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), 4029 mosquitoes (Culicidae) and 36 092 black flies (Simuliidae). Catches at the various trap heights reflected the general vertical distribution of the preferred hosts, with mammalophilic flies predominating (68.6%) in catches at 1.5 m and ornithophilic flies (42.4%) in catches at 10.0 m; however, most flies that use host birds at ground level were caught in the lowest traps (e.g. 85.1% of Simulium annulus were collected at 1.5 m). Within-species variation in vertical patterns between forests suggests plasticity in responses to environmental factors such as vegetative structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Swanson
- Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, U.S.A.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pepinelli M. Checklist de Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032011000500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nesse artigo é fornecida uma lista de espécies de Simuliidae do Estado de São Paulo. Até o momento 52 espécies estão registradas para o estado, o que representa mais de 50% de todas as espécies de borrachudos conhecidas para o Brasil. São discutidos aspectos da riqueza de espécies no Estado de São Paulo e em diferentes regiões brasileiras.
Collapse
|
41
|
Pramual P, Wongpakam K, Adler PH. Cryptic biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships revealed by DNA barcoding of Oriental black flies in the subgenus Gomphostilbia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome 2011; 54:1-9. [PMID: 21217800 DOI: 10.1139/g10-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the medical, economic, and ecological importance of black flies relies on correct identification of species. However, traditional taxonomy of black flies is impeded by a high degree of morphological uniformity, especially the presence of cryptic biodiversity, historically recognized by details of chromosomal banding patterns. We assess the utility of DNA barcoding, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, for identifying 13 species of Oriental black flies in the subgenus Gomphostilbia. Samples of larvae fixed in Carnoy's solution were used to gather molecular and chromosomal data from the same individual. We found that larvae refrigerated in Carnoy's fixative for as long as 11 years can be used for DNA study. Levels of intraspecific genetic divergence, based on the Kimura-2 parameter, range from 0% to 9.28%, with a mean of 2.75%, whereas interspecific genetic divergence ranges from 0.34% to 16.05%. Values of intraspecific and interspecific genetic divergence overlap in seven species owing to incomplete lineage sorting and imperfect taxonomy, implying that DNA barcoding to identify these species will be ambiguous. Despite a low level of success, we found that DNA barcoding is useful in revealing cryptic biodiversity, potentially facilitating traditional taxonomy. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that species groups currently recognized on morphological criteria are not monophyletic, suggesting a need to reevaluate the classification of the subgenus Gomphostilbia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Mahasarakham University, Thailand.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meissner K, Juntunen A, Malmqvist B, Muotka T. Predator—Prey Interactions in a Variable Environment: Responses of a Caddis Larva and Its Blackfly Prey to Variations in Stream Flow. ANN ZOOL FENN 2009. [DOI: 10.5735/086.046.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
43
|
Karell P, Pietiäinen H, Siitari H, Pihlaja T, Kontiainen P, Brommer JE. Parental allocation of additional food to own health and offspring growth in a variable environment. CAN J ZOOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Life-history theory predicts increased investment in current reproduction when future reproduction is uncertain and a more balanced investment in current and future reproduction when prospects for both are good. The outcome of the balance in parental allocation depends on which life-history component maximizes the fitness benefits. In our study system, a 3-year vole cycle generates good prospects of current and future reproduction for Ural owls ( Strix uralensis Pallas, 1771) in increase vole phases and uncertain prospects in decrease vole phases. We supplementary-fed Ural owls during the nestling period in 2002 (an increase phase) and 2003 (a decrease phase), and measured offspring growth, parental effort, and physiological health by monitoring haematocrit, leucocyte profiles, intra- and inter-celluar blood parasites, and (in 2003) humoral antibody responsiveness. Food supplementation reduced parental feeding rate in both years, but improved a female parent’s health only in 2002 (an increase phase) and had no effects on males in either year. Nevertheless, supplementary-fed offspring reached higher asymptotic mass and fledged earlier in both years. Furthermore, early fledging reduced offspring exposure to blood-sucking black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the nest. We discuss how parental allocation of resources to current and future reproduction may vary under variable food conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Karell
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Pietiäinen
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heli Siitari
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuomo Pihlaja
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Kontiainen
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jon E. Brommer
- Bird Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Evolutionary Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tomás G, Merino S, Martínez-de la Puente J, Moreno J, Morales J, Lobato E. Determinants of abundance and effects of blood-sucking flying insects in the nest of a hole-nesting bird. Oecologia 2008; 156:305-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Hellgren O, Bensch S, Malmqvist B. Bird hosts, blood parasites and their vectors--associations uncovered by molecular analyses of blackfly blood meals. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1605-13. [PMID: 18266623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The level of host specificity of blood-sucking invertebrates may have both ecological and evolutionary implications for the parasites they are transmitting. We used blood meals from wild-caught blackflies for molecular identification of parasites and hosts to examine patterns of host specificity and how these may affect the transmission of avian blood parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon. We found that five different species of ornithophilic blackflies preferred different species of birds when taking their blood meals. Of the blackflies that contained avian blood meals, 62% were infected with Leucocytozoon parasites, consisting of 15 different parasite lineages. For the blackfly species, there was a significant association between the host width (measured as the genetic differentiation between the used hosts) and the genetic similarity of the parasites in their blood meals. The absence of similar parasite in blood meals from blackflies with different host preferences is interpreted as a result of the vector-host associations. The observed associations between blackfly species and host species are therefore likely to hinder parasites to be transmitted between different host-groups, resulting in ecologically driven associations between certain parasite lineages and hosts species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Hellgren
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tomás G, Merino S, Martínez-De La Puente J, Moreno J, Morales J, Lobato E. A simple trapping method to estimate abundances of blood-sucking flying insects in avian nests. Anim Behav 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
47
|
Wotton RS. Do benthic biologists pay enough attention to aggregates formed in the water column of streams and rivers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[1:dbbpea]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
48
|
Fingerut JT, Hart DD, McNair JN. Silk filaments enhance the settlement of stream insect larvae. Oecologia 2006; 150:202-12. [PMID: 16927103 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many aquatic organisms need to settle in suitable benthic habitats while being transported via water currents. Such settlement is especially challenging for organisms that encounter complex benthic topography and lack the ability to move easily from the water column to the bed (e.g., via swimming). We conducted flume studies to examine whether the settlement of drifting stream insects is facilitated by adhesive filaments that extend from their bodies. Using a new tripwire visualization technique, we found that neonatal black flies (Simulium tribulatum) drifted with silk threads averaging six times their body length. These threads allowed larvae to contact or snag the bed from a greater height than would be possible through direct body-to-bed contact alone, and instantly arrested their downstream movement. Thus, silk increased their probability of settlement. We then performed an experiment to examine how settlement varied with bed topography and velocity. We tested whether settlement rate differed between a flat bed and an irregular bed that mimicked key aspects of their natural cobble-bed habitat. Velocities were similar for both bed treatments. Settlement on the irregular bed was 40 times greater than on the flat bed due to silk use. Settlement rate also exhibited a marginally significant decline with increasingly velocity on the flat bed, but not on the irregular bed. Silk threads should greatly increase the settlement rate of these nonswimming larvae on coarse-grained stream beds. Thus, silk snagging can potentially reduce the downstream distance that individuals are transported during a drift event, although the effects of silk on other phases of larval dispersal may differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Fingerut
- Patrick Center for Environmental Research, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Minhas MS, Brockhouse CL, Adler PH. The Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Fauna of Prince Edward Island, Canada. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2005. [DOI: 10.1656/1092-6194(2005)012[0067:tbfdsf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|