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Abreu AP, Martins R, Nunes J. Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina ( Arthrospira) sp. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:955. [PMID: 37627840 PMCID: PMC10451540 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. account for over 90% of the global microalgal biomass production and represent one of the most promising aquiculture bioeconomy systems. These microorganisms have been widely recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic properties; therefore, a significant growth of their market is expected, especially in the nutraceutical, food, and beverage segments. However, recent advancements in biotechnology and environmental science have led to the emergence of new applications for these microorganisms. This paper aims to explore these innovative applications, while shedding light on their roles in sustainable development, health, and industry. From this state-of-the art review, it was possible to give an in-depth outlook on the environmental sustainability of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. For instance, there have been a variety of studies reported on the use of these two microorganisms for wastewater treatment and biofuel production, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. Moreover, in the health sector, the richness of these microalgae in photosynthetic pigments and bioactive compounds, along with their oxygen-releasing capacity, are being harnessed in the development of new drugs, wound-healing dressings, photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, tissue engineering, and anticancer treatments. Furthermore, in the industrial sector, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. are being used in the production of biopolymers, fuel cells, and photovoltaic technologies. These innovative applications might bring different outlets for microalgae valorization, enhancing their potential, since the microalgae sector presents issues such as the high production costs. Thus, further research is highly needed to fully explore their benefits and potential applications in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Abreu
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (R.M.); (J.N.)
- BLC3 Evolution Lda, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
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2
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Wang SM, Chuu JJ, Lee CK, Chang CY. Exploring the therapeutic efficacy of Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15406. [PMID: 37144207 PMCID: PMC10151262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders, the hallmarks of which include deposits of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) as well as intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) tangles. With disease progression, neuronal apoptosis combined with cerebral atrophy occurs, leading to cognitive impairment and long-term memory loss. Recently, Chlorella species have been identified as a functional food and are being explored for the prevention of various diseases widely studied to prevent or treat many neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, we for the first time investigated the neuroprotective effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa short-chain peptides (CPPs) i.e. <1 kDa, 1-3 kDa, 3-10 kDa, and >10 kDa on the in vitro and in vivo neuronal injury models. Our in vitro results showed that CPP with a molecular weight of 1-3 kDa and 3-10 kDa could elevate the survival rate of Aβ1-42 or l-Glutamic acid-injured N2A cells. These treatments also inhibited Aβ and tau NFTs in N2A cells and prevented progressive neuronal cellular damage by suppressing inflammatory cytokines such as PGE2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and NF-κB. Further, our in vivo Aβ1-42-induced AD mice model demonstrated that 1-3 kDa or 3-10 kDa CPP could improve spatial cognition and learning memory. We also observed a decreased cell loss ratio in CA1-CA3 hippocampal regions. Taken together, our findings imply that CPPs may exert their anti-AD impact through anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid activities via reducing APP and tau NFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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3
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Calabrone L, Carlini V, Noonan DM, Festa M, Ferrario C, Morelli D, Macis D, Fontana A, Pistelli L, Brunet C, Sansone C, Albini A. Skeletonema marinoi Extracts and Associated Carotenoid Fucoxanthin Downregulate Pro-Angiogenic Mediators on Prostate Cancer and Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071053. [PMID: 37048126 PMCID: PMC10093511 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of natural preventive molecules for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical use has recently increased. In this scenario, marine microorganisms represent an underestimated source of bioactive products endowed with beneficial effects on health that include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, differentiating, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenic activities. Here, we tested the potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic activities of an extract from the marine coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi Sarno and Zingone (Sm) on prostate cancer (PCa) and endothelial cells. We also tested one of the main carotenoids of the diatom, the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin (Fuco). Fuco from the literature is a potential candidate compound involved in chemopreventive activities. Sm extract and Fuco were able to inhibit PCa cell growth and hinder vascular network formation of endothelial cells. The reduced number of cells was partially due to growth inhibition and apoptosis. We studied the molecular targets by qPCR and membrane antibody arrays. Angiogenesis and inflammation molecules were modulated. In particular, Fuco downregulated the expression of Angiopoietin 2, CXCL5, TGFβ, IL6, STAT3, MMP1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 in both prostate and endothelial cells. Our study confirmed microalgae-derived drugs as potentially relevant sources of novel nutraceuticals, providing candidates for potential dietary or dietary supplement intervention in cancer prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Calabrone
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Debora Macis
- IRCCS Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (A.A.)
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Kumari A, Garima, Bharadvaja N. A comprehensive review on algal nutraceuticals as prospective therapeutic agent for different diseases. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 36643398 PMCID: PMC9834485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research in the food supplement sector provides insightful information regarding algae as a new-generation nutritional supplement and is also referred to as a superfood. Due to the diverse nutritional components, algae have documented numerous health benefits like fighting microbial diseases, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, algae-derived nutraceuticals account for a rapidly expanding market in the food supplements sector. The concept of algal prebiotics and their role in modulating gut microbiota have also been a chief contributor to this. This review evaluates the use of possible algal species and their specific bioactive compounds for the management of several chronic diseases. Proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, phenolics, and vitamins give an insight into the significance of algae in boosting the immune system and improving the body's nutritional makeup. In addition, phyco-compounds such as polysaccharides and polyphenols are also receiving a lot more interest in cosmeceutical applications for protecting skin from photodamage. The incorporation of algae in the diet for the management and prevention of chronic diseases like cancer, lung, and heart disease has been discussed in this review along with their action mechanism. This review provides a brief overview of several bioactive compounds present in micro and macroalgae and their therapeutic effect on lifestyle diseases, gastrointestinal diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Kumari
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Garima
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
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Tounsi L, Hentati F, Ben Hlima H, Barkallah M, Smaoui S, Fendri I, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S. Microalgae as feedstock for bioactive polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1238-1250. [PMID: 36067848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increase in industrial demand for new biosourced molecules (notably bioactive exopolysaccharides (EPS)), microalgae are gaining popularity because of their nutraceutical potential and benefits health. Such health effects are delivered by specific secondary metabolites, e.g., pigments, exopolysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and glycolipids. These are suitable for the subsequent uses in cosmetic, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, biofuels, biological waste treatment, animal feed and food fields. In this regard, a special focus has been given in this review to describe the various methods used for extraction and purification of polysaccharides. The second part of the review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of parameters affecting the microalgae growth and insights to maximize the metabolic output by understanding the intricacies of algal development and polysaccharides production. In the ultimate part, the health and nutraceutical claims associated with marine algal bioactive polysaccharides, explaining their noticeable potential for biotechnological applications, are summarized and comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Tounsi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Faiez Hentati
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (UR AFPA), USC 340, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour Km 6 B.P. 117, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Équipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Microalgae-derived polysaccharides: Potential building blocks for biomedical applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:150. [PMID: 35776270 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing concern about human health well-being has strongly boosted the search for natural alternatives that can be used in different fields, especially in biomedicine. This has put microalgae-based products in evidence since they contain many bioactive compounds, of which polysaccharides are attractive due to the diverse physicochemical properties and new or improved biological roles they play. Polysaccharides from microalgae, specially exopolysaccharides, are critically important for market purposes because they can be used as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycemic, antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antilipidemic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. Therefore, to obtain higher productivity and competitiveness of these naturally available compounds, the cultivation parameters and the extraction/purification processes must be better optimized in order to bring perspectives for the exploitation of products in commercial and clinical practice. In this sense, the objective of the present review is to elucidate the potential biomedical applications of microalgae-derived polysaccharides. A closer look is taken at the main polysaccharides produced by microalgae, methods of extraction, purification and structural determination, biological activities and their applications, and current status.
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7
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Zhou L, Li K, Duan X, Hill D, Barrow C, Dunshea F, Martin G, Suleria H. Bioactive compounds in microalgae and their potential health benefits. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Borjas Esqueda A, Gardarin C, Laroche C. Exploring the Diversity of Red Microalgae for Exopolysaccharide Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040246. [PMID: 35447919 PMCID: PMC9031348 DOI: 10.3390/md20040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae constitute a remarkable biological diversity but a limited number of them have been the object of study for their ability to produce exoplysaccharides (EPS). Among them, the red marine microalgae Porphyridium or Rhodella produce sulphated EPS, exhibiting some biological activities with potential interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. EPS from Porphyridium and Rhodella being relatively similar in their composition, it has long been considered that all the red microalgae produced similar EPS and no attention was paid to other red microalgae. The objective of our work was then to explore the diversity of red microalgae for the production of EPS, focusing in this first step on the screening of the strains for their ability to produce EPS and preliminary structural characterization. The study was conducted with 11 microalgae strains belonging to the proteorhodophytina subphylum. All microalgae were able to produce EPS, released in the culture medium (strains belonging to Porphyridiophyceae and Rhodellophyceae classes) or remaining bound to the cells (strains from Stylonematophyceae class). The analysis of monosaccharides composition was found significantly different, with for instance high levels of glucuronic acids in the EPS from C. japonica and N. cyanea, but also strong differences in the sulphation degrees of polymers (between 1.2 and 28.7% eq. SO4).
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Ferreira AS, Mendonça I, Póvoa I, Carvalho H, Correia A, Vilanova M, Silva TH, Coimbra MA, Nunes C. Impact of growth medium salinity on galactoxylan exopolysaccharides of Porphyridium purpureum. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Amato A, Terzo S, Marchesa P, Maffongelli A, Martorana M, Scoglio S, Mulè F. Spasmolytic Effects of Aphanizomenon Flos Aquae (AFA) Extract on the Human Colon Contractility. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103445. [PMID: 34684446 PMCID: PMC8539423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue-green algae Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA), rich in beneficial nutrients, exerts various beneficial effects, acting in different organs including the gut. Klamin® is an AFA extract particularly rich in β-PEA, a trace-amine considered a neuromodulator in the central nervous system. To date, it is not clear if β-PEA exerts a role in the enteric nervous system. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects induced by Klamin® on the human distal colon mechanical activity, to analyze the mechanism of action, and to verify a β-PEA involvement. The organ bath technique, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used. Klamin® reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the amplitude of the spontaneous contractions. EPPTB, a trace-amine receptor (TAAR1) antagonist, significantly antagonized the inhibitory effects of both Klamin® and exogenous β-PEA, suggesting a trace-amine involvement in the Klamin® effects. Accordingly, AphaMax®, an AFA extract containing lesser amount of β-PEA, failed to modify colon contractility. Moreover, the Klamin® effects were abolished by tetrodotoxin, a neural blocker, but not by L-NAME, a nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor. On the contrary methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, significantly antagonized the Klamin® effects, as well as the contractility reduction induced by 5-HT. The RT-PCR analysis revealed TAAR1 gene expression in the colon and the IHC experiments showed that 5-HT-positive neurons are co-expressed with TAAR1 positive neurons. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that Klamin® exerts spasmolytic effects in human colon contractility through β-PEA, that, by activating neural TAAR1, induce serotonin release from serotoninergic neurons of the myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-7506
| | - Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Pierenrico Marchesa
- U.O. Oncology Hospital, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Via Carmelo Lazzaro, 4, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Angela Maffongelli
- U.O. Oncology Hospital, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Via Carmelo Lazzaro, 4, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Martina Martorana
- U.O. Oncology Hospital, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Via Carmelo Lazzaro, 4, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
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Wu J, Gu X, Yang D, Xu S, Wang S, Chen X, Wang Z. Bioactive substances and potentiality of marine microalgae. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5279-5292. [PMID: 34532034 PMCID: PMC8441504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae is one of the most important components in the aquatic ecosystem, and they are increasingly used in food and medicine production for human consumption due to their rapid growth cycle and survival ability in the harsh environment. Now, the exploration of microalgae has been gradually deepening, mainly focused on the field of nutrition, medicine, and cosmetics. A great deal of studies has shown that microalgae have a variety of functions in regulating the body health and preventing disease, such as nitrogen fixation, antitumor, antivirus, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic. Furthermore, microalgae can synthesize various high-valued bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and pigments. In this paper, we have briefly reviewed the research progress of main bioactive components in microalgae, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments, and other nutrients included, as well as their present application situation. This paper can provide the guidance for research and development of industrial production of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinzhe Gu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danlu Yang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shannan Xu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & UtilizationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhouChina
- Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary EcosystemGuangzhouChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering
Guangdong LaboratoryGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Biological Science and TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Begum R, Howlader S, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Rafiquzzaman SM, Ashraf GM, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Antioxidant and Signal-Modulating Effects of Brown Seaweed-Derived Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9974890. [PMID: 34336128 PMCID: PMC8289617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological and therapeutic properties of seaweeds have already been well known. Several studies showed that among the various natural marine sources of antioxidants, seaweeds have become a potential source of antioxidants because of their bioactive compounds. Most of the metabolic diseases are caused by oxidative stress. It is very well known that antioxidants have a pivotal role in the treatment of those diseases. Recent researches have revealed the potential activity of seaweeds as complementary medicine, which have therapeutic properties for health and disease management. Among the seaweeds, brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) and their derived bioactive substances showed excellent antioxidant properties than other seaweeds. This review focuses on brown seaweeds and their derived major bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharide, polyphenol, carotenoid, and sterol antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms in the case of the oxidative stress-originated disease. Antioxidants have a potential role in the modification of stress-induced signaling pathways along with the activation of the oxidative defensive pathways. This review would help to provide the basis for further studies to researchers on the potential antioxidant role in the field of medical health care and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Howlader
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Centre (PGRC), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - S. M. Rafiquzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Carbone DA, Pellone P, Lubritto C, Ciniglia C. Evaluation of Microalgae Antiviral Activity and Their Bioactive Compounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:746. [PMID: 34202941 PMCID: PMC8234452 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last year, science has been focusing on the research of antivirally active compounds overall after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which caused a great amount of deaths and the downfall of the economy in 2020. Photosynthetic organisms such as microalgae are known to be a reservoir of bioactive secondary metabolites; this feature, coupled with the possibility of achieving very high biomass levels without excessive energetic expenses, make microalgae worthy of attention in the search for new molecules with antiviral effects. In this work, the antiviral effects of microalgae against some common human or animal viruses were considered, focusing our attention on some possible effects against SARS-CoV-2. We summed up the data from the literature on microalgae antiviral compounds, from the most common ones, such as lectins, polysaccharides and photosynthetic pigments, to the less known ones, such as unidentified proteins. We have discussed the effects of a microalgae-based genetic engineering approach against some viral diseases. We have illustrated the potential antiviral benefits of a diet enriched in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Allegra Carbone
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Paola Pellone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carmine Lubritto
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Complesso Universitario di Monte S, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciniglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (C.L.); (C.C.)
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14
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Unlocking the Health Potential of Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094383. [PMID: 33922258 PMCID: PMC8122763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known to produce a plethora of compounds derived from the primary and secondary metabolism. Different studies have shown that these compounds may have allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antipredator activities. In addition, in vitro and in vivo screenings have shown that several compounds have interesting bioactivities (such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial) for the possible prevention and treatment of human pathologies. Additionally, the enzymatic pathways responsible for the synthesis of these compounds, and the targets and mechanisms of their action have also been investigated for a few species. However, further research is necessary for their full exploitation and possible pharmaceutical and other industrial applications. Here, we review the current knowledge on the chemical characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action, and the enzymes involved in the synthesis of microalgal metabolites with potential benefits for human health.
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15
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Kiran BR, Venkata Mohan S. Microalgal Cell Biofactory-Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:836. [PMID: 33919450 PMCID: PMC8143517 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India;
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16
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Casas-Arrojo V, Decara J, de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo M, Pérez-Manríquez C, Abdala-Díaz RT. Immunomodulatory, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum. (S.F.Gray) Nägeli. Biomolecules 2021; 11:488. [PMID: 33805009 PMCID: PMC8063939 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium cruentum is a unicellular microalga that can synthesize and secrete to the culture medium-high amounts of polysaccharides. In this study, the immunomodulatory, cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharides (PcSPs) were determinate. The PcSPs were precipitated with 2% Cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate and ethanol and purified by dialysis. The extract was lyophilized for its characterization by Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of PcSPs were examined with assay 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and compared with that of the biomass, observing significant differences between the results obtained from the PcSPs and biomass. To determine their ability to induce cytokine production Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukina-6 (IL-6), the immunomodulatory activity of the PcSPs has been evaluated. In the mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7), PcSPs are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines but mainly of TNF-α. The cytotoxic capacity of PcSPs was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116), human leukemia (U-937 and HL-60), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (NCI-H460) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) cell lines. The IC50 value of 2311.20 µg mL-1, 1676.74 µg mL-1, 1089.63 µg mL-1, 5498.14 µg mL-1 and 2861.49 µg mL-1 respectively in the tumor lines and 5022.55 µg mL-1 in gingival fibroblasts were obtained. Our study suggested that PcSPs from P. cruentum have a moderate immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect. The results obtained indicate that the polysaccharides from P. cruentum are potent inducers of IL-6 cytokines and, most importantly, of TNF-α. PcSPs showed no evidence of antigenic activity or hypersensitivity when administered intraperitoneally in mice. Furthermore, the in vivo study revealed an improvement of local inflammatory response against stress in the peritoneum. These findings suggest that the PcSPs from P. cruentum might have potential as a valuable ingredient in nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Casas-Arrojo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Juan Decara
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María de los Ángeles Arrojo-Agudo
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
| | - Claudia Pérez-Manríquez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Facultad de Ciencias, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (V.C.-A.); (J.D.); (M.d.l.Á.A.-A.)
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17
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Ferdous UT, Yusof ZNB. Medicinal Prospects of Antioxidants From Algal Sources in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593116. [PMID: 33746748 PMCID: PMC7973026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though cancer therapeutics can successfully eradicate cancerous cells, the effectiveness of these medications is mostly restricted to several deleterious side effects. Therefore, to alleviate these side effects, antioxidant supplementation is often warranted, reducing reactive species levels and mitigating persistent oxidative damage. Thus, it can impede the growth of cancer cells while protecting the normal cells simultaneously. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics hinders further tumor development, prevents chemoresistance by improving the response to chemotherapy drugs, and enhances cancer patients' quality of life by alleviating side effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have been revealed the efficacy of using phytochemical and dietary antioxidants from different sources in treating chemo and radiation therapy-induced toxicities and enhancing treatment effectiveness. In this context, algae, both micro and macro, can be considered as alternative natural sources of antioxidants. Algae possess antioxidants from diverse groups, which can be exploited in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite having nutritional benefits, investigation and utilization of algal antioxidants are still in their infancy. This review article summarizes the prospective anticancer effect of twenty-three antioxidants from microalgae and their potential mechanism of action in cancer cells, as well as usage in cancer therapy. In addition, antioxidants from seaweeds, especially from edible species, are outlined, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Tamanna Ferdous
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Abidizadegan M, Peltomaa E, Blomster J. The Potential of Cryptophyte Algae in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:618836. [PMID: 33603668 PMCID: PMC7884888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae produce a variety of bioactive components that provide benefits to human and animal health. Cryptophytes are one of the major groups of microalgae, with more than 20 genera comprised of 200 species. Recently, cryptophytes have attracted scientific attention because of their characteristics and biotechnological potential. For example, they are rich in a number of chemical compounds, such as fatty acids, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins and polysaccharides, which are mainly used for food, medicine, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This paper provides a review of studies that assess protective algal compounds and introduce cryptophytes as a remarkable source of bioactive components that may be usable in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abidizadegan
- Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Elina Peltomaa
- Institute of Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaanika Blomster
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Gargouch N, Elleuch F, Karkouch I, Tabbene O, Pichon C, Gardarin C, Rihouey C, Picton L, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I, Laroche C. Potential of Exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium marinum to Contend with Bacterial Proliferation, Biofilm Formation, and Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33513982 PMCID: PMC7911520 DOI: 10.3390/md19020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Gargouch
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Ines Karkouch
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luc Picton
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Céline Laroche
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
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20
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Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects on Tumor Cells of Exopolysaccharides From Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butcher Grown Under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110534. [PMID: 33114784 PMCID: PMC7693365 DOI: 10.3390/md18110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae produce extracellular metabolites such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) with potentially beneficial biological applications to human health, especially antioxidant and antitumor properties, which can be increased with changes in crop trophic conditions. This study aimed to develop the autotrophic and heterotrophic culture of Tetraselmis suecica (Kylin) Butcher in order to increase EPS production and to characterize its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. The adaptation of autotrophic to heterotrophic culture was carried out by progressively reducing the photoperiod and adding glucose. EPS extraction and purification were performed. EPS were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant capacity of EPS was analyzed by the 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method, and the antitumor capacity was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, showing high activity on human leukemia, breast and lung cancer cell lines. Although total EPS showed no cytotoxicity, acidic EPS showed cytotoxicity over the gingival fibroblasts cell line. Heterotrophic culture has advantages over autotrophic, such as increasing EPS yield, higher antioxidant capacity of the EPS and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first probe that T. suecica EPS have cytotoxic effects on tumor cells; therefore, they could offer greater advantages as possible natural nutraceuticals for the pharmaceutical industry.
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21
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Amato A, Terzo S, Mulè F. Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120608. [PMID: 31801234 PMCID: PMC6943487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer's disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Terzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (S.T.); (F.M.)
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Li S, Ji L, Shi Q, Wu H, Fan J. Advances in the production of bioactive substances from marine unicellular microalgae Porphyridium spp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:122048. [PMID: 31455551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Porphyridium spp. are a group of unicellular marine microalgae belonging to the Rhodophyta, which evolved over one billion years and are a source of a variety of natural active components. They can naturally and efficiently accumulate phycobilin, sulfated polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and other bioactive substances. At present, numerous attempts have been made to explore the species Porphyridium spp., whereas mainly focused on cultivation methods, metabolism regulation and the function and application of bioactive products. There is a lack of systematic summary of the existing research conclusions. In this paper, we summarized the representative results related to culture and metabolism, analyzed and discussed the existing bottleneck restrictions for their large scale application, and proposed the potential industrial development and research direction in the future. This paper is expected to provide reference and thread for research and application of Porphyridium spp..
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resource Utilization, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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23
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Sajadimajd S, Momtaz S, Haratipour P, El-Senduny FF, Panah AI, Navabi J, Soheilikhah Z, Farzaei MH, Rahimi R. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cancer Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Algal Polysaccharides. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1210-1235. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190425155126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Algal polysaccharide and oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a
variety of therapeutic potentials and drug delivery applications. Algal polysaccharides contain sulfated sugar
monomers derived from seaweed including brown, red, and green microalgae. Here, in this review, the recent
progress of algal polysaccharides’ therapeutic applications as anticancer agents, as well as underlying cellular and
molecular mechanisms was investigated. Moreover, recent progress in the structural chemistry of important polysaccharides
with anticancer activities were illustrated.
Methods:
Electronic databases including “Scopus”, “PubMed”, and “Cochrane library” were searched using the
keywords “cancer”, or “tumor”, or “malignancy” in title/abstract, along with “algae”, or “algal” in the whole text
until July 2018. Only English language papers were included.
Results:
The most common polysaccharides involved in cancer management were sulfated polysaccharides, Fucoidans,
Carageenans, and Ulvan from different species of algae that have been recognized in vitro and in vivo.
The underlying anticancer mechanisms of algal polysaccharides included induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest,
modulation of transduction signaling pathways, suppression of migration and angiogenesis, as well as activation
of immune responses and antioxidant system. VEGF/VEGFR2, TGFR/Smad/Snail, TLR4/ROS/ER, CXCL12/
CXCR4, TGFR/Smad7/Smurf2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PBK/TOPK, and β-catenin/Wnt are among the main cellular
signaling pathways which have a key role in the preventive and therapeutic effects of algal polysaccharides
against oncogenesis.
Conclusion:
Algal polysaccharides play a crucial role in the management of cancer and may be considered the
next frontier in pharmaceutical research. Further well-designed clinical trials are mandatory to evaluate the efficacy
and safety of algal polysaccharides in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pouya Haratipour
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardous F. El-Senduny
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amin Iran Panah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Navabi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Soheilikhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416663361, Iran
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24
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Galasso C, Gentile A, Orefice I, Ianora A, Bruno A, Noonan DM, Sansone C, Albini A, Brunet C. Microalgal Derivatives as Potential Nutraceutical and Food Supplements for Human Health: A Focus on Cancer Prevention and Interception. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1226. [PMID: 31146462 PMCID: PMC6627306 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies are providing strong evidence on beneficial health effects from dietary measures, leading scientists to actively investigate which foods and which specific agents in the diet can prevent diseases. Public health officers and medical experts should collaborate toward the design of disease prevention diets for nutritional intervention. Functional foods are emerging as an instrument for dietary intervention in disease prevention. Functional food products are technologically developed ingredients with specific health benefits. Among promising sources of functional foods and chemopreventive diets of interest, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention, based on their richness in high-value products, including carotenoids, proteins, vitamins, essential amino acids, omega-rich oils and, in general, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. Beneficial effects of microalgae on human health and/or wellness could in the future be useful in preventing or delaying the onset of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. During the past decades, microalgal biomass was predominately used in the health food market, with more than 75% of the annual microalgal biomass production being employed for the manufacture of powders, tablets, capsules or pastilles. In this review, we report and discuss the present and future role of microalgae as marine sources of functional foods/beverages for human wellbeing, focusing on perspectives in chemoprevention. We dissected this topic by analyzing the different classes of microalgal compounds with health outputs (based on their potential chemoprevention activities), the biodiversity of microalgal species and how to improve their cultivation, exploring the perspective of sustainable food from the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Galasso
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gentile
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 211000 Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Adriana Albini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Chu WL, Phang SM. Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae and Their Potential Applications as Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals. GRAND CHALLENGES IN ALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25233-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Microalgae in modern cancer therapy: Current knowledge. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:42-50. [PMID: 30576933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an everyday medical concern which requires an appropriate treatment strategy. The malfunction of cell cycle is a well-established cause for cancer induction. Chemotherapy and radiation are the standard available therapeutic approach for cancer treatment; however severe side effects were reported in association to such treatments, for instance, the efficacy of patients' immune system is adversely affected in apart by radiation. These side effects may be minimized by providing novel remedial preparations. Complementary and alternative medicinal compounds, which were obtained from fresh or marine flora particularly micro and macro algae, were reported to its anti-cancerous activities. Several types of bioactive molecules are also present in microalgae, such as carotenoids, various forms of polysaccharides, vitamins, sterol, fibres, minerals…ect; the great unused biomass of microalgae and their excellent diversity of chemical constituents may introduce a major step in developing of anti-malignant drugs. Previously, such characteristic of microalgal bio-diversity was commercially exploited to make food supplements and gelling substances. However, recently, several investigations were designed to study the potential anti-carcinogenic effect of microalgal extracts, where they mostly concluded their ability to induce apoptotic cancer cell death via caspase dependent or independent pathways. In this review paper, we reported the various species of microalgae that possessed anti-tumor activity, the tumor cell lines altered through using microalgal extracts along with the levels of such extracts that reported to its inhibitor effect against cell cycle and proliferation.
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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030480. [PMID: 28335462 PMCID: PMC6155420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is geared towards the discovery of new compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and few or no side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This review focuses on the potentials of extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microalgal research has gained much attention recently due to its contribution to the production of renewable fuels and the ability of alga cells to produce several secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit several pharmacological activities and possess neuroprotective potential. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, protein misfolding and aggregation. The antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities as well as the inhibitory effects of some bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts on β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal death are discussed extensively. Phytochemical compounds from microalgae are used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and food supplements, and may possess neuroprotective potentials that are relevant to the management and/or treatment of AD.
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Production, extraction and characterization of microalgal and cyanobacterial exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1159-1179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Trabelsi L, Chaieb O, Mnari A, Abid-Essafi S, Aleya L. Partial characterization and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of the aqueous extracellular polysaccharides from the thermophilic microalgae Graesiella sp. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:210. [PMID: 27405739 PMCID: PMC4942953 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, Tunisian geothermal water has been used in bathing. Indeed, thermal baths "Hammam" were recommended in the treatment of different type of illnesses as, for instance, for relaxing joints and soothing. The ability of microalgae to sustain at the high temperature makes them potential producers of high value thermostable bio-products. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of the aqueous extracellular polysaccharides (AEPS) of the Tunisian thermophilic microalgae Graesiella sp. and to evaluate its physico-chemical characteristics. METHODS Different parameters were used to characterize the AEPS. The dry weight, volatile dry weight, elemental analysis, monosaccharide composition and IR-spectroscopy analysis. Carbohydrate, uronic acid, ester sulfate and protein concentrations were also determined using colorimetric assay. AEPS was analyzed for its antioxidant propriety by means of total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radicals scavenging assay, ferrous chelating ability and hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity. The antiproliferative activity of AEPS was evaluated for HepG2 and Caco-2 cells using the MTT assay. RESULTS The Graesiella sp. AEPS is found to be a hetero-sulfated-anionic polysaccharides that contain carbohydrate (52 %), uronic acids (23 %), ester sulfate (11 %) and protein (12 %). The carbohydrate fraction was formed by eight neutral sugars glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose and ribose. The FT-IR revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, amine and sulfate groups. AEPS showed high activity as reducing agent, high ferrous chelating capacity and caused a significant decrease in a concentration-dependent manner of hydroxyl radical. A moderate DPPH scavenging activity and a poor superoxide radical scavenging ability were also observed. AEPS treatment (from 0.01 to 2.5 mg/ml) caused also a clear decrease of cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values obtained in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were 1.06 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study evidenced that the Graesiella sp. AEPS exhibits antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The biological activities of this extract depend on its fine structural features. Further work will identify and purify the active polysaccharides to enhance our understanding of their complete structure and relationships with its function.
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMMB, de Morais RMSC. Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mezhoud N, Zili F, Bouzidi N, Helaoui F, Ammar J, Ouada HB. The effects of temperature and light intensity on growth, reproduction and EPS synthesis of a thermophilic strain related to the genus Graesiella. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2271-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gammone MA, Gemello E, Riccioni G, D'Orazio N. Marine bioactives and potential application in sports. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2357-82. [PMID: 24796298 PMCID: PMC4052294 DOI: 10.3390/md12052357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An enriched diet with antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and phenolic compounds, has always been suggested to improve oxidative stress, preventing related diseases. In this respect, marine natural product (MNP), such as COX inhibitors, marine steroids, molecules interfering with factors involved in the modulation of gene expression (such as NF-κB), macrolides, many antioxidant agents, thermogenic substances and even substances that could help the immune system and that result in the protection of cartilage, have been recently gaining attention. The marine world represents a reserve of bioactive ingredients, with considerable potential as functional food. Substances, such as chitin, chitosan, n-3 oils, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive peptides, can provide several health benefits, such as the reduction of cardiovascular diseases, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. In addition, new marine bioactive substances with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and thermogenic capacity may provide health benefits and performance improvement, especially in those who practice physical activity, because of their increased free radical and Reacting Oxygen Species (ROS) production during exercise, and, particularly, in athletes. The aim of this review is to examine the potential pharmacological properties and application of many marine bioactive substances in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alessandra Gammone
- Human and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Via Dei Vestini, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Gemello
- Human and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Via Dei Vestini, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy.
| | - Graziano Riccioni
- Human and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Via Dei Vestini, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy.
| | - Nicolantonio D'Orazio
- Human and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Via Dei Vestini, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy.
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Gardeva E, Toshkova R, Yossifova L, Minkova K, Gigova L. Cytotoxic and Apoptogenic Potential of Red Microalgal Polysaccharides. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Fedorov SN, Ermakova SP, Zvyagintseva TN, Stonik VA. Anticancer and cancer preventive properties of marine polysaccharides: some results and prospects. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4876-901. [PMID: 24317475 PMCID: PMC3877892 DOI: 10.3390/md11124876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many marine-derived polysaccharides and their analogues have been reported as showing anticancer and cancer preventive properties. These compounds demonstrate interesting activities and special modes of action, differing from each other in both structure and toxicity profile. Herein, literature data concerning anticancer and cancer preventive marine polysaccharides are reviewed. The structural diversity, the biological activities, and the molecular mechanisms of their action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Fedorov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais RMSC, de Morais AMMB. Health applications of bioactive compounds from marine microalgae. Life Sci 2013; 93:479-86. [PMID: 23994664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are very rich in several chemical compounds and, therefore, they may be used in several biological applications related with health benefits, among others. This review brings the research up-to-date on the bioactive compounds produced by marine unicellular algae, directly or indirectly related to human health. It covers and goes through the most studied applications of substances such as PUFA, sterols, proteins and enzymes, vitamins and pigments, in areas so diverse as human and animal nutrition, therapeutics, and aquaculture. The great potential of marine microalgae and the biocoumpounds they produce are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto. Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Bioactivity and applications of sulphated polysaccharides from marine microalgae. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:233-52. [PMID: 23344113 PMCID: PMC3564169 DOI: 10.3390/md11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae have been used for a long time as food for humans, such as Arthrospira (formerly, Spirulina), and for animals in aquaculture. The biomass of these microalgae and the compounds they produce have been shown to possess several biological applications with numerous health benefits. The present review puts up-to-date the research on the biological activities and applications of polysaccharides, active biocompounds synthesized by marine unicellular algae, which are, most of the times, released into the surrounding medium (exo- or extracellular polysaccharides, EPS). It goes through the most studied activities of sulphated polysaccharides (sPS) or their derivatives, but also highlights lesser known applications as hypolipidaemic or hypoglycaemic, or as biolubricant agents and drag-reducers. Therefore, the great potentials of sPS from marine microalgae to be used as nutraceuticals, therapeutic agents, cosmetics, or in other areas, such as engineering, are approached in this review.
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Li H, Li Z, Xiong S, Zhang H, Li N, Zhou S, Liu Y, Huang Z. Pilot-scale isolation of bioactive extracellular polymeric substances from cell-free media of mass microalgal cultures using tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arad S(M, Levy-Ontman O. Red microalgal cell-wall polysaccharides: biotechnological aspects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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