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Cao LQ, Xie Y, Fleishman JS, Liu X, Chen ZS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid metabolism: Novel targets and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217061. [PMID: 38876384 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasingly prevalent disease that is associated with high and continually rising mortality rates. Lipid metabolism holds a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HCC, in which abnormalities pertaining to the delicate balance of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage, predispose for the pathogenesis of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease precursor to HCC. If caught early enough, HCC treatment may be curative. In later stages, treatment is only halting the inevitable outcome of death, boldly prompting for novel drug discovery to provide a fighting chance for this patient population. In this review, we begin by providing a summary of current local and systemic treatments against HCC. From such we discuss hepatic lipid metabolism and highlight novel targets that are ripe for anti-cancer drug discovery. Lastly, we provide a targeted summary of current known risk factors for HCC pathogenesis, providing key insights that will be essential for rationalizing future development of anti-HCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Cao
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yuhao Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518034, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA.
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Lin XL, Zeng YL, Ning J, Cao Z, Bu LL, Liao WJ, Zhang ZM, Zhao TJ, Fu RG, Yang XF, Gong YZ, Lin LM, Cao DL, Zhang CP, Liao DF, Li YM, Zeng JG. Nicotinate-curcumin improves NASH by inhibiting the AKR1B10/ACCα-mediated triglyceride synthesis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:201. [PMID: 38937844 PMCID: PMC11210137 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent chronic liver condition. However, the potential therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of nicotinate-curcumin (NC) in the treatment of NASH remain uncertain. METHODS A rat model of NASH induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet was treated with nicotinate-curcumin (NC, 20, 40 mg·kg- 1), curcumin (Cur, 40 mg·kg- 1) and metformin (Met, 50 mg·kg- 1) for a duration of 4 weeks. The interaction between NASH, Cur and Aldo-Keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) was filter and analyzed using network pharmacology. The interaction of Cur, NC and AKR1B10 was analyzed using molecular docking techniques, and the binding energy of Cur and NC with AKR1B10 was compared. HepG2 cells were induced by Ox-LDL (25 µg·ml- 1, 24 h) in high glucose medium. NC (20µM, 40µM), Cur (40µM) Met (150µM) and epalrestat (Epa, 75µM) were administered individually. The activities of ALT, AST, ALP and the levels of LDL, HDL, TG, TC and FFA in serum were quantified using a chemiluminescence assay. Based on the changes in the above indicators, score according to NAS standards. The activities of Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA were measured using an ELISA assay. And the expression and cellular localization of AKR1B10 and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα) in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results of the animal experiments demonstrated that NASH rat model induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet exhibited pronounced dysfunction in liver function and lipid metabolism. Additionally, there was a significant increase in serum levels of FFA and TG, as well as elevated expression of AKR1B10 and ACCα, and heightened activity of Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA in liver tissue. The administration of NC showed to enhance liver function in rats with NASH, leading to reductions in ALT, AST and ALP levels, and decrease in blood lipid and significant inhibition of FFA and TG synthesis in the liver. Network pharmacological analysis identified AKR1B10 and ACCα as potential targets for NASH treatment. Molecular docking studies revealed that both Cur and NC are capable of binding to AKR1B10, with NC exhibiting a stronger binding energy to AKR1B10. Western blot analysis demonstrated an upregulation in the expression of AKR1B10 and ACCα in the liver tissue of NASH rats, accompanied by elevated Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA activity, and increased levels of FFA and TG. The results of the HepG2 cell experiments induced by Ox-LDL suggest that NC significantly inhibited the expression and co-localization of AKR1B10 and ACCα, while also reduced levels of TC and LDL-C and increased level of HDL-C. These effects are accompanied by a decrease in the activities of ACCα and Malonyl-CoA, and levels of FFA and TG. Furthermore, the impact of NC appears to be more pronounced compared to Cur. CONCLUSION NC could effectively treat NASH and improve liver function and lipid metabolism disorder. The mechanism of NC is related to the inhibition of AKR1B10/ACCα pathway and FFA/TG synthesis of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lian Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Hunan Laituofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinzhou New District, Ningxiang, 410604, Hunan, China
| | - Lan-Lan Bu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Tan-Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Geng Fu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Gong
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - De-Liang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Laituofu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinzhou New District, Ningxiang, 410604, Hunan, China
| | - Cai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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Vargas-Vargas MA, González-Montoya M, Torres-Isidro O, García-Berumen CI, Ortiz-Avila O, Calderón-Cortés E, Cortés-Rojo C. Assessing the impact of concurrent high-fructose and high-saturated fat diets on pediatric metabolic syndrome: A review. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:91478. [PMID: 38947987 PMCID: PMC11212767 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.91478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
High-saturated fat (HF) or high-fructose (HFr) consumption in children predispose them to metabolic syndrome (MetS). In rodent models of MetS, diets containing individually HF or HFr lead to a variable degree of MetS. Nevertheless, simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr have synergistic effects, worsening MetS outcomes. In children, the effects of HF or HFr intake usually have been addressed individually. Therefore, we have reviewed the outcomes of HF or HFr diets in children, and we compare them with the effects reported in rodents. In humans, HFr intake causes increased lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and insulin resistance. On the other hand, HF diets promote low grade-inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance. Despite the deleterious effects of simultaneous HF plus HFr intake on MetS development in rodents, there is little information about the combined effects of HF plus HFr intake in children. The aim of this review is to warn about this issue, as individually addressing the effects produced by HF or HFr may underestimate the severity of the outcomes of Western diet intake in the pediatric population. We consider that this is an alarming issue that needs to be assessed, as the simultaneous intake of HF plus HFr is common on fast food menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Marcela González-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Olin Torres-Isidro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Claudia Isabel García-Berumen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Omar Ortiz-Avila
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Calderón-Cortés
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Christian Cortés-Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico – Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico
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Shen J, Wu W, Wang K, Wu J, Liu B, Li C, Gong Z, Hong X, Fang H, Zhang X, Xu X. Chloroflexus aurantiacus acetyl-CoA carboxylase evolves fused biotin carboxylase and biotin carboxyl carrier protein to complete carboxylation activity. mBio 2024; 15:e0341423. [PMID: 38572988 PMCID: PMC11077971 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03414-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) convert acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, a key step in fatty acid biosynthesis and autotrophic carbon fixation pathways. Three functionally distinct components, biotin carboxylase (BC), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyltransferase (CT), are either separated or partially fused in different combinations, forming heteromeric ACCs. However, an ACC with fused BC-BCCP and separate CT has not been identified, leaving its catalytic mechanism unclear. Here, we identify two BC isoforms (BC1 and BC2) from Chloroflexus aurantiacus, a filamentous anoxygenic phototroph that employs 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) bi-cycle rather than Calvin cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation. We reveal that BC1 possesses fused BC and BCCP domains, where BCCP could be biotinylated by E. coli or C. aurantiacus BirA on Lys553 residue. Crystal structures of BC1 and BC2 at 3.2 Å and 3.0 Å resolutions, respectively, further reveal a tetramer of two BC1-BC homodimers, and a BC2 homodimer, all exhibiting similar BC architectures. The two BC1-BC homodimers are connected by an eight-stranded β-barrel of the partially resolved BCCP domain. Disruption of β-barrel results in dissociation of the tetramer into dimers in solution and decreased biotin carboxylase activity. Biotinylation of the BCCP domain further promotes BC1 and CTβ-CTα interactions to form an enzymatically active ACC, which converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in vitro and produces 3-HP via co-expression with a recombinant malonyl-CoA reductase in E. coli cells. This study revealed a heteromeric ACC that evolves fused BC-BCCP but separate CTα and CTβ to complete ACC activity.IMPORTANCEAcetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis and autotrophic carbon fixation pathways across a wide range of organisms, making them attractive targets for drug discovery against various infections and diseases. Although structural studies on homomeric ACCs, which consist of a single protein with three subunits, have revealed the "swing domain model" where the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) domain translocates between biotin carboxylase (BC) and carboxyltransferase (CT) active sites to facilitate the reaction, our understanding of the subunit composition and catalytic mechanism in heteromeric ACCs remains limited. Here, we identify a novel ACC from an ancient anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus, it evolves fused BC and BCCP domain, but separate CT components to form an enzymatically active ACC, which converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in vitro and produces 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HP) via co-expression with recombinant malonyl-CoA reductase in E. coli cells. These findings expand the diversity and molecular evolution of heteromeric ACCs and provide a structural basis for potential applications in 3-HP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangle Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Photosynthesis Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang R, Yan Q, Liu X, Wu J. Unraveling lipid metabolism reprogramming for overcoming drug resistance in melanoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116122. [PMID: 38467377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence is continuing to increase worldwide in the last decades. Traditional therapies for melanoma can easily cause drug resistance, thus the treatment of melanoma remains a challenge. Various studies have focused on reversing the drug resistance. As tumors grow and progress, cancer cells face a constantly changing microenvironment made up of different nutrients, metabolites, and cell types. Multiple studies have shown that metabolic reprogramming of cancer is not static, but a highly dynamic process. There is a growing interest in exploring the relationship between melanoma andmetabolic reprogramming, one of which may belipid metabolism. This review frames the recent research progresses on lipid metabolism in melanoma.In addition, we emphasize the dynamic ability of metabolism during tumorigenesis as a target for improving response to different therapies and for overcoming drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Fan Y, He J, Shi L, Zhang M, Chen Y, Xu L, Han N, Jiang Y. Identification of potential key lipid metabolism-related genes involved in tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by bioinformatics analysis. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02278-1. [PMID: 38691241 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidences indicate that abnormalities in tubular lipid metabolism play a crucial role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We aim to identify novel lipid metabolism-related genes associated with tubular injury in DKD by utilizing bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and DKD tubular tissue samples were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and then were intersected with lipid metabolism-related genes. Hub genes were further determined by combined weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. We performed enrichment analysis, immune analysis, clustering analysis, and constructed networks between hub genes and miRNAs, transcription factors and small molecule drugs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of hub genes. We validated the relationships between hub genes and DKD with external datasets and our own clinical samples. RESULTS There were 5 of 37 lipid metabolism-related DEGs identified as hub genes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that lipid metabolism-related DEGs were enriched in pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling and pyruvate metabolism. Hub genes had potential regulatory relationships with a variety of miRNAs, transcription factors and small molecule drugs, and had high diagnostic efficacy. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that 13 immune cells were altered in DKD, and hub genes exhibited significant correlations with a variety of immune cells. Through clustering analysis, DKD patients could be classified into 3 immune subtypes and 2 lipid metabolism subtypes, respectively. The tubular expression of hub genes in DKD was further verified by other external datasets, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that except ACACB, the other 4 hub genes (LPL, AHR, ME1 and ALOX5) exhibited the same results as the bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION Our study identified several key lipid metabolism-related genes (LPL, AHR, ME1 and ALOX5) that might be involved in tubular injury in DKD, which provide new insights and perspectives for exploring the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Lixin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuecheng Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Cai T, Xu X, Dong L, Liang S, Xin M, Wang T, Li T, Wang X, Zheng W, Wang C, Xu Z, Wang M, Song X, Li L, Li J, Sun W. Oroxin A from Oroxylum indicum improves disordered lipid metabolism by inhibiting SREBPs in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat diet-fed non-insulin-resistant rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29168. [PMID: 38617966 PMCID: PMC11015455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism disorders have become a major global public health issue. Due to the complexity of these diseases, additional research and drugs are needed. Oroxin A, the major component of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Bignoniaceae), can improve the lipid profiles of diabetic and insulin-resistant (IR) rats. Because insulin resistance is strongly correlated with lipid metabolism, improving insulin resistance may also constitute an effective strategy for improving lipid metabolism. Thus, additional research on the efficacy and mechanism of oroxin An under non-IR conditions is needed. Methods In this study, we established lipid metabolism disorder model rats by high-fat diet feeding and fatty HepG2 cell lines by treatment with oleic acid and evaluated the therapeutic effect and mechanism of oroxin A in vitro and in vivo through biochemical indicator analysis, pathological staining, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Results Oroxin A improved disordered lipid metabolism under non-IR conditions, improved the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, and enhanced the lipid-lowering action of atorvastatin. Additionally, oroxin A reduced the total triglyceride (TG) levels by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression and reducing the expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN) in vivo and in vitro. Oroxin A also reduced the total cholesterol (TC) levels by inhibiting SREBP2 expression and reducing HMGCR expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, oroxin A bound to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and increased AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusions Our results suggested that oroxin A may modulate the nuclear transcriptional activity of SREBPs by binding to LDLR proteins and increasing AMPK phosphorylation. Oroxin A may thus reduce lipid synthesis and could be used for the treatment and prevention of lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilong Zheng
- Institute of Biomass Resources, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317700, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
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Ali I, Wei DQ, Khan A, Feng Y, Waseem M, Hussain Z, Iqbal A, Ali SS, Mohammad A, Zheng J. Improving the substrate binding of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccB) from Streptomyces antibioticus through computational enzyme engineering. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:402-413. [PMID: 38287712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Malonyl-CoA serves as the main building block for the biosynthesis of many important polyketides, as well as fatty acid-derived compounds, such as biofuel. Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium gultamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have recently been engineered for the biosynthesis of such compounds. However, the developed processes and strains often have insufficient productivity. In the current study, we used enzyme-engineering approach to improve the binding of acetyl-CoA with ACC. We generated different mutations, and the impact was calculated, which reported that three mutations, that is, S343A, T347W, and S350W, significantly improve the substrate binding. Molecular docking investigation revealed an altered binding network compared to the wild type. In mutants, additional interactions stabilize the binding of the inner tail of acetyl-CoA. Using molecular simulation, the stability, compactness, hydrogen bonding, and protein motions were estimated, revealing different dynamic properties owned by the mutants only but not by the wild type. The findings were further validated by using the binding-free energy (BFE) method, which revealed these mutations as favorable substitutions. The total BFE was reported to be -52.66 ± 0.11 kcal/mol for the wild type, -55.87 ± 0.16 kcal/mol for the S343A mutant, -60.52 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for T347W mutant, and -59.64 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for the S350W mutant. This shows that the binding of the substrate is increased due to the induced mutations and strongly corroborates with the docking results. In sum, this study provides information regarding the essential hotspot residues for the substrate binding and can be used for application in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Yuanyuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Iqbal
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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9
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Dafre AL, Zahid S, Probst JJ, Currais A, Yu J, Schubert D, Maher P. CMS121: a novel approach to mitigate aging-related obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4980-4999. [PMID: 38517358 PMCID: PMC11006478 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulated by differences in genetic and environmental factors, laboratory mice often show progressive weight gain, eventually leading to obesity and metabolic dyshomeostasis. Since the geroneuroprotector CMS121 has a positive effect on energy metabolism in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, we investigated the potential of CMS121 to counteract the metabolic changes observed during the ageing process of wild type mice. METHODS Control or CMS121-containing diets were supplied ad libitum for 6 months, and mice were sacrificed at the age of 7 months. Blood, adipose tissue, and liver were analyzed for glucose, lipids, and protein markers of energy metabolism. RESULTS The CMS121 diet induced a 40% decrease in body weight gain and improved both glucose and lipid indexes. Lower levels of hepatic caspase 1, caspase 3, and NOX4 were observed with CMS121 indicating a lower liver inflammatory status. Adipose tissue from CMS121-treated mice showed increased levels of the transcription factors Nrf1 and TFAM, as well as markers of mitochondrial electron transport complexes, levels of GLUT4 and a higher resting metabolic rate. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated plasma concentrations of short chain acylcarnitines and butyrate metabolites in mice treated with CMS121. CONCLUSIONS The diminished de novo lipogenesis, which is associated with increased acetyl-CoA, acylcarnitine, and butyrate metabolite levels, could contribute to safeguarding not only the peripheral system but also the aging brain. By mimicking the effects of ketogenic diets, CMS121 holds promise for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, since these diets are hard to follow over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcir L. Dafre
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Atta ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jessica Jorge Probst
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- The Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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10
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Shen Q, Liu YJ, Qiu TT, Loon K S, Zhou D. Microplastic-induced NAFLD: Hepatoprotective effects of nanosized selenium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:115850. [PMID: 38290310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene microplastics (MPs) are persistent environmental pollutants commonly encountered in daily human life. Numerous studies have demonstrated their ability to induce liver damage, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid accumulation. However, limited information exists regarding preventive measures against this issue. In our study, we investigated the potential preventive role of selenium nanoparticles (YC-3-SeNPs) derived from Yak-derived Bacillus cereus, a novel nanobiomaterial known for its antioxidant properties and lipid metabolism regulation. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we identified key genes and metabolites associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabolism imbalance induced by MPs. Upregulated genes (Scd1, Fasn, Irs2, and Lpin) and elevated levels of arachidonic and palmitic acid accumulation were observed in MP-exposed mice, but not in those exposed to SeNPs. Further experiments confirmed that SeNPs significantly attenuated liver lipid accumulation and degeneration caused by MPs. Histological results and pathway screening validated our findings, revealing that MPs suppressed the Pparα pathway and Nrf2 pathway, whereas SeNPs activated both pathways. These findings suggest that MPs may contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while SeNPs hold promise as a future nanobio-product for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yun Jie Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Tian Tian Qiu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - San Loon K
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - DongHai Zhou
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.
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11
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Zhao S, Wang Q, Zhang X, Ma B, Shi Y, Yin Y, Kong W, Zhang W, Li J, Yang H. MARCH5-mediated downregulation of ACC2 promotes fatty acid oxidation and tumor progression in ovarian cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:464-476. [PMID: 38211832 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases (ACCs) are key rate-limiting enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism regulation by catalyzing the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Previously, most studies focused on the role of ACC1 in fatty acid metabolism in cancer, while the function of ACC2 remains largely uncharacterized in human cancers, especially in ovarian cancer (OC). Here, we show that ACC2 was significantly downregulated in cancerous tissue of OC, and the downregulation of ACC2 is closely associated with lager tumor size, metastases and worse prognosis in OC patients. Downregulation of ACC2 promoted proliferation and metastasis of OC both in vitro and in vivo by enhancing FAO. Notably, mitochondria-associated ubiquitin ligase (MARCH5) was identified to interact with and downregulate ACC2 by ubiquitination and degradation in OC. Moreover, ACC2 downregulation-enhanced FAO contributed to the progression of OC promoted by MARCH5. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that MARCH5-mediated downregulation of ACC2 promotes FAO and tumorigenesis in OC, suggesting MARCH5-ACC2 axis as a potent candidate for the treatment and prevention of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingqiang Wang
- General Department, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyi Ma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weina Kong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Wu K, Lin F. Lipid Metabolism as a Potential Target of Liver Cancer. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:327-346. [PMID: 38375401 PMCID: PMC10875169 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s450423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a severe malignant tumor with a profound impact on overall health, often accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis. Despite some advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, improving the prognosis of HCC remains a formidable challenge. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the onset, development, and progression of tumor cells. Existing research indicates the potential application of targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of HCC. This review aims to thoroughly explore the alterations in lipid metabolism in HCC, offering a detailed account of the potential advantages associated with innovative therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism. Targeting lipid metabolism holds promise for potentially enhancing the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangze Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feizhuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Wu W, Luo Z, Shen D, Lan T, Xiao Z, Liu M, Hu L, Sun T, Wang Y, Zhang JN, Zhang C, Wang P, Lu Y, Yang F, Li Q. IL-10 protects against OPC ferroptosis by regulating lipid reactive oxygen species levels post stroke. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102982. [PMID: 38070317 PMCID: PMC10755589 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially on lipids, induces massive cell death in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and causes severe neurologic deficits post stroke. While small compounds, such as deferoxamine, lipostatin-1, and ferrostatin-1, have been shown to be effective in reducing lipid ROS, the mechanisms by which endogenously protective molecules act against lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent cell death are still unclear, especially in OPCs, which are critical for maintaining white matter integrity and improving long-term outcomes after stroke. Here, using mouse primary OPC cultures, we demonstrate that interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine playing roles in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance, significantly reduced hemorrhage-induced lipid ROS accumulation and subsequent ferroptosis in OPCs. Mechanistically, IL-10 activated the IL-10R/STAT3 signaling pathway and upregulated the DLK1/AMPK/ACC axis. Subsequently, IL-10 reprogrammed lipid metabolism and reduced lipid ROS accumulation. In addition, in an autologous blood injection intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) mouse model, deficiency of the endogenous Il-10, specific knocking out Il10r or Dlk1 in OPCs, or administration of ACC inhibitor was associated with increased OPC cell death, demyelination, axonal sprouting, and the cognitive deficits during the chronic phase of ICH and vice versa. These data suggest that IL-10 protects against OPC loss and white matter injury by reducing lipid ROS, supporting further development of potential clinical applications to benefit patients with stroke and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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14
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Jayanti S, Vitek L, Verde CD, Llido JP, Sukowati C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38254662 PMCID: PMC10813662 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial physiological process of heme breakdown yields biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) as byproducts. BV, BR, and the enzymes involved in their production (the "yellow players-YP") are increasingly documented as endogenous modulators of human health. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin concentration has been correlated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory diseases, especially in the elderly. BR and BV per se have been demonstrated to protect against neurodegenerative diseases, in which heme oxygenase (HMOX), the main enzyme in the production of pigments, is almost always altered. HMOX upregulation has been interpreted as a tentative defense against the ongoing pathologic mechanisms. With the demonstration that multiple cells possess YP, their propensity to be modulated, and their broad spectrum of activity on multiple signaling pathways, the YP have assumed the role of an adjustable system that can promote health in adults. Based on that, there is an ongoing effort to induce their activity as a therapeutic option, and natural compounds are an attractive alternative to the goal, possibly requiring only minimal changes in the life style. We review the most recent evidence of the potential of natural compounds in targeting the YP in the context of the most common pathologic condition of adult and elderly life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - John Paul Llido
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
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15
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Ji X, Ma Q, Wang X, Ming H, Bao G, Fu M, Wei C. Digeda-4 decoction and its disassembled prescriptions improve dyslipidemia and apoptosis by regulating AMPK/SIRT1 pathway on tyloxapol-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116827. [PMID: 37348794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver and the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Digeda-4 decoction (DGD-4) is a commonly prescribed Mongolian herbal drug for treating acute and chronic liver injury and fatty liver. However, the mechanisms underlying the improvement of dislipidemia and liver injury via treatment with DGD-4 remain unclear. Disassembling a prescription is an effective approach to studying the effects and mechanisms underlying Mongolian medicine prescriptions. By disassembling a prescription, it is feasible to discover effective combinations of individual herbs to optimize a given prescription. Accordingly, we disassembled DGD-4 into two groups: the single Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym (LR) (DGD-1) and non-LR (DGD-3). AIM OF THIS STUDY To study whether DGD-4 and its disassembled prescriptions have protective effects against tyloxapol (TY)-induced NAFLD and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action and compatibility of prescriptions. MATERIAL AND METHODS NAFLD mice were developed by TY induction. Biochemical horizontal analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and liver histological staining were performed to explore the protective effects of DGD-4 and its disassembled prescriptions DGD-3 and DGD-1. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemical analyses and Western blotting to further explore the expression of target proteins. RESULTS DGD-4 and its disassembled prescriptions could inhibit TY-induced dislipidemia and liver injury. In addition, DGD-4 and its disassembled prescriptions increased the levels of p-AMPKα and p-ACC, but decreased the levels of SREBP1c, SCD-1, SREBP-2, and HMGCS1 proteins. The activation of lipid metabolic pathways SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPARα improved lipid accumulation in the liver. Moreover, DGD-4 could inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis and treat TY-induced liver injury by upregulating the Bcl-2 expression, downregulating the expression of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and positively regulating the imbalance of oxidative stress (OxS) markers (such as superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], malondialdehyde [MDA], and myeloperoxidase [MPO]). DGD-1 was superior to DGD-3 in regulating lipid synthesis-related proteins such as SREBP1c, SCD-1, SREBP-2, and HMGCS1. DGD-3 significantly affected the expression of lipid metabolic proteins SIRT1, PGC-1α, PPARα, apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and the regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. However, DGD-1 showed no regulatory effects on Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the protective effects of DGD-4 in the TY-induced NAFLD mice through a mechanism involving improvement of dyslipidemia and apoptosis by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Although the Monarch drug DGD-1 reduces lipid accumulation and DGD-3 inhibits apoptosis and protects the liver from injury, DGD-4 can be more effective overall as a therapy when compared to DGD-1 and DGD-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ji
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Hui Ming
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Guihua Bao
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
| | - Minghai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Chengxi Wei
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China.
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Liu D, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wan X, Yu H, Yan S. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a bioinformatic analysis. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:440-446. [PMID: 37534872 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the cis-expression Quantitative Trait Loci (cis-eQTL) and trans-eQTL of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in insulin resistance (IR) related pathways. METHODS The expression profile data for insulin sensitivity (IS) and IR in the adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Then, the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) methods were performed to identify the significant enrichment of potential Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways between IS and IR groups, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was carried out to identify the DEGs related to KEGG pathways. Finally, the cis-eQTLs and trans-eQTLs that can affect the expression of DEGs were screened from the eQTLGen database. RESULTS The GSEA and GSVA analysis indicated that the mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and T2DM had a strong correlation with the pathological process of T2DM. Furthermore, six genes (ACACA, GYS2, PCK1, PRKAR1A, SLC2A4, and VEGFA) were found to be significantly differentially expressed in IR-related pathways. Finally, we have identified a total of 1073 cis-eQTLs and 24 trans-eQTLs. CONCLUSIONS We screened out six genes that were significantly differentially expressed in IR-related pathways, including ACACA, GYS2, PCK1, PRKAR1A, SLC2A4, and VEGFA. Moreover, we discovered that these six genes were affected by 1073 cis-eQTLs and 24 trans-eQTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dana Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiqiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China -
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Zhou S, Chen M, Meng M, Ma N, Xie W, Shen X, Li Z, Chang G. Subclinical ketosis leads to lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating the expression of acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9892-9909. [PMID: 37690731 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is a metabolic disease that often occurs in dairy cows postpartum and is a result of disordered lipid metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is important for balancing cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) metabolism; however, its role in subclinical ketotic dairy cows is unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorders in subclinical ketotic cows through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the in vivo experiment, liver tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (CON, n = 6, β-hydroxybutyric acid [BHBA] concentration <1.0 mM) and subclinical ketotic cows (subclinical ketosis [SCK], n = 6, BHBA concentration = 1.2-3.0 mM) to explore the effect of ACAT2 on lipid metabolism disorders in SCK cows. For the in vitro experiment, bovine hepatocytes (BHEC) were used as the model. The effects of BHBA on ACAT2 and lipid metabolism were investigated via BHBA concentration gradient experiments. Subsequently, the relation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorder was explored by transfection with siRNA of ACAT2. Transcriptomics showed an upregulation of differentially expression genes during lipid metabolism and significantly lower ACAT2 mRNA levels in the SCK group. Compared with the CON group in vivo, the SCK group showed significantly higher expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and sterol regulator element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and significantly lower expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Moreover, the SCK group had a significantly higher liver TG content and significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol content. These results were indicative of TG and cholesterol metabolism disorders in the liver of dairy cows with SCK. Additionally, the SCK group showed an increased expression of perilipin-2 (PLIN2), decreased expression of apolipoprotein B, and decreased plasma concentration of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) by downregulating ACAT2, which indicated an accumulation of TG in liver. In vitro experiments showed that BHBA induced an increase in the TG content of BHEC, decreased content TC, increased expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c, and decreased expression of PPARα, CPT1A, SREBP2, and HMGCR. Additionally, BHBA increased the expression of PLIN2 in BHEC, decreased the expression and fluorescence intensity of ACAT2, and decreased the VLDL and LDL-C contents. Furthermore, silencing ACAT2 expression increased the TG content; decreased the TC, VLDL, and LDL-C contents; decreased the expression of HMGCR and SREBP2; and increased the expression of SREBP1c; but had no effect on the expression of PLIN2. These results suggest that ACAT2 downregulation in BHEC promotes TG accumulation and inhibits cholesterol synthesis, leading to TG and cholesterol metabolic disorders. In conclusion, ACAT2 downregulation in the SCK group inhibited cholesterol synthesis, increased TG synthesis, and reduced the contents of VLDL and LDL-C, eventually leading to disordered TG and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Chen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China; Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China.
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Xue Y, Gong Y, Li X, Peng F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Shi J, Savul IS, Xu Y, Chen Q, Han L, Mao S, Sun Z. Sex differences in paternal arsenic-induced intergenerational metabolic effects are mediated by estrogen. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:165. [PMID: 37691128 PMCID: PMC10493026 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interactions contribute to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition to affecting metabolic homeostasis directly, drugs and environmental chemicals can cause persistent alterations in metabolic portfolios across generations in a sex-specific manner. Here, we use inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a prototype drug and chemical to dissect such sex differences. METHODS After weaning, C57BL/6 WT male mice were treated with 250 ppb iAs in drinking water (iAsF0) or normal water (conF0) for 6 weeks and then bred with 15-week-old, non-exposed females for 3 days in cages with only normal water (without iAs), to generate iAsF1 or conF1 mice, respectively. F0 females and all F1 mice drank normal water without iAs all the time. RESULTS We find that exposure of male mice to 250 ppb iAs leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in F1 female offspring (iAsF1-F), with almost no change in blood lipid profiles. In contrast, F1 males (iAsF1-M) show lower liver and blood triglyceride levels than non-exposed control, with improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The liver of F1 offspring shows sex-specific transcriptomic changes, with hepatocyte-autonomous alternations of metabolic fluxes in line with the sex-specific phenotypes. The iAsF1-F mice show altered levels of circulating estrogen and follicle-stimulating hormone. Ovariectomy or liver-specific knockout of estrogen receptor α/β made F1 females resemble F1 males in their metabolic responses to paternal iAs exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that disrupted reproductive hormone secretion in alliance with hepatic estrogen signaling accounts for the sex-specific intergenerational effects of paternal iAs exposure, which shed light on the sex disparities in long-term gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fei Peng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guolian Ding
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junchao Shi
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ilma Saleh Savul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Human Genetics, and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyong Mao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Center for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Jin M, Yuan C, Duan S, Zeng B, Pan L. Downregulation of ACC expression suppresses cell viability and migration in the malignant progression of breast cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:445. [PMID: 37614434 PMCID: PMC10443050 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring new diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets is of great importance in breast cancer treatment. The present study investigated the effects of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression interference on the malignant progression of breast cancer cells. ACC expression was knocked down using a lentiviral vector and this was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were randomly allocated into the following groups: Normal breast cancer cells (control), breast cancer cells transduced with a negative control lentiviral vector and breast cancer cells transduced with an ACC knockdown lentiviral vector. Screening for stable transgenic strains was successful. Cell viability, apoptosis and migration were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and scratch test, respectively. The protein expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Bax were detected by western blotting. In addition, a nude mouse model of subcutaneous metastatic tumor was established using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and tumor volume was assessed. Furthermore, pathological condition and apoptosis were detected using hematoxylin and eosin, and TUNEL staining, respectively. The protein expression levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Bax were detected by western blotting. The in vitro experiments showed that knockdown of ACC expression significantly decreased the viability and migration, and increased the apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In vivo experiments revealed that ACC knockdown effectively reduced the tumor volume in nude mice, and promoted tumor cell apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ACC knockdown can reduce the protein expression levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and increase Bax expression. These findings suggested that downregulation of ACC expression may significantly reduce the malignant progression of breast cancer, and could be considered a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jin
- Department of Galactophore, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Yuan
- Department of Galactophore Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Duan
- Department of Galactophore Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P.R. China
| | - Lingjuan Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng, Jiangxi 331100, P.R. China
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Kim E, Ra K, Lee MS, Kim GA. Porcine Follicular Fluid-Derived Exosome: The Pivotal Material for Porcine Oocyte Maturation in Lipid Antioxidant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9807. [PMID: 37372955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined exosomes derived from porcine follicular fluid (FF), but few have reported their application in controlled experiments. The main concern in the field of embryology may be that controlled conditions, such as using a defined medium intermittently, cause poor results in mammalian oocyte maturation and embryo development. The first reason is the absence of the FF, which copes with the majority of the processes emerging in oocytes and embryos. Therefore, we added exosomes derived from porcine FF to the maturation medium of porcine oocytes. For morphological assessment, cumulus cell expansion and subsequent embryonic development were evaluated. Moreover, several stainings, such as glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), fatty acid, ATP, and mitochondrial activity, as well as evaluations of gene expression and protein analysis, were used for the functional verification of exosomes. When the oocytes were treated with exosomes, the lipid metabolism and cell survival of the oocytes were fully recovered, as well as morphological evaluations compared to the porcine FF-excluded defined medium. Therefore, controlled experiments may produce reliable data if the exosomes are treated with the desired amounts, and we suggest applying FF-derived exosomes to promote experimental data when performing controlled experiments in embryology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euihyun Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihae Ra
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Healthcare Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu 34824, Republic of Korea
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22
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Winarto J, Song DG, Pan CH. The Role of Fucoxanthin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098203. [PMID: 37175909 PMCID: PMC10179653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) has emerged as a leading cause of human deaths. It caused 1.32 million deaths in 2017, which affected men more than women by a two-to-one ratio. There are various causes of CLD, including obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, and viral infection. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of obesity-induced liver diseases, is the major cause, representing the cause of more than 50% of cases. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid mainly found in brown seaweed, exhibits various biological activities against NAFLD. Its role in NAFLD appears in several mechanisms, such as inducing thermogenesis in mitochondrial homeostasis, altering lipid metabolism, and promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. The corresponding altered signaling pathways are the β3-adorenarine receptor (β3Ad), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (AKT), SMAD2/3, and P13K/Akt pathways. Fucoxanthin also exhibits anti-fibrogenic activity that prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winarto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Microalgae Ask US Co., Ltd., Gangneung 25441, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Zhou X, Chen H, You L, Zhang T, Cheng M, Yao Y, Pan X, Yang X. Mulberry extract ameliorates T2DM-related symptoms via AMPK pathway in STZ-HFD-induced C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116475. [PMID: 37120060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is not only a tasty food but also a beneficial medicinal substance that has been historically used to treat diabetes, as recorded in Tang Ben Cao. Recent research on animal models has shown that the ethyl acetate extract of Morus alba L. fruits (EMF) has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. However, there is a lack of documentation on the specific mechanisms through which EMF exerts its hypoglycemic effects. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the impact of EMF on L6 cells and C57/BL6J mice and to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying its effects. The findings of this study can contribute to the existing evidence for the application of EMF as a therapeutic drug or dietary supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique was utilized to gather MS data. Masslynx 4.1 software in conjunction with the SciFinder database and other relevant references were used to analyze and identify the chemical composition of EMF. A series of in vitro investigations including MTT assay, glucose uptake assay and Western blot analysis were performed using an L6 cell model stably expressing IRAP-mOrange after EMF treatment. In vivo investigations were performed on a STZ-HFD co-induced T2DM mouse model, which included assessments of body composition, biochemical tests, histopathological analysis, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS MTT results revealed that EMF had no toxic effects on the cells at various concentrations. When EMF was administered to L6 cells, there was an increase in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation activity and a significant dose-dependent enhancement of glucose uptake by L6 myotubes. EMF treatment led to a marked increase in P-AMPK levels and GLUT4 expression in the cells, but these effects were reversed by an AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). In diabetic mice with STZ-HFD-induced diabetes, EMF treatment improved oral glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Furthermore, EMF supplementation significantly reduced insulin resistance (IR) in diabetic mice, as evaluated using a steady-state model of the insulin resistance index. Histopathological sections demonstrated that acute EMF treatment reduced hepatic steatosis, pancreatic damage, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Western blot analysis demonstrated that EMF treatment also reduced abnormally high PPARγ expression, elevated the level of p-AMPK and p-ACC, and augmented the abundance of GLUT4 in insulin-sensitive peripheral tissues. SUMMARY The results suggest that EMF may exert beneficial effects on T2DM through the AMPK/GLUT4 and AMPK/ACC pathways, as well as by regulating PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huijian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liangzhen You
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudi Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Wang J, Xiang Y, Fan M, Fang S, Hua Q. The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Tumor Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082385. [PMID: 37190313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, which is considered a hallmark of cancer, can maintain the homeostasis of the tumor environment and promote the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. For instance, increased glucose uptake and high glucose consumption, known as the "Warburg effect," play an essential part in tumor metabolic reprogramming. In addition, fatty acids are harnessed to satisfy the increased requirement for the phospholipid components of biological membranes and energy. Moreover, the anabolism/catabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, cystine, and serine, provides nitrogen donors for biosynthesis processes, development of the tumor inflammatory environment, and signal transduction. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been widely reported to be involved in various cellular biological activities. A potential role of UPS in the metabolic regulation of tumor cells has also been reported, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we review the role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination modification on major metabolic enzymes and important signaling pathways in tumor metabolism to inspire new strategies for the clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuandi Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shizhen Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Yu X, Ding X, Feng H, Bi Y, Li Y, Shan J, Bian H. Excessive exogenous cholesterol activating intestinal LXRα-ABCA1/G5/G8 signaling pathway can not reverse atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:51. [PMID: 37061692 PMCID: PMC10105390 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term excessive intake of exogenous cholesterol can lead to abnormally elevated blood lipid levels and induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the influence and relevance of exogenous cholesterol on plasma cholesterol components were still unclear, and the influence on intestinal lipid metabolism targets needs to be further explored. METHODS In vivo, the C57BL/6 + NF group and ApoE-/- + NF group mice were fed a normal specific pathogen-free (SPF) diet; the ApoE-/- + HF group mice were fed a high-cholesterol SPF diet. The plasma and jejunum tissue homogenate were obtained for non-targeted lipid metabolomics. The lipid droplets in tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope and oil red O staining. Jejunum tissue morphology was observed by HE staining. The kits were used to detect lipid content in plasma, tissues, intestinal contents, and cells. Western blot, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to observe the key target of lipid metabolism. In vitro, the final concentration of cholesterol was 100 μmol/L in Caco-cells. Oil red O staining, western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to observe the changes of lipid metabolism. Finally, the influence of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism was clarified by applying the LXRα inhibitor GSK2033 and siRNA targeting LXRα. RESULTS The aortic arch and intestinal villi of the two groups of ApoE-/- mice showed apparent lesions and lipid accumulation, and there were significant changes in a variety of lipids in the plasma and jejunum. Additionally, jejunum LXRα was markedly activated. High cholesterol can significantly activate LXRα in Caco-2 cells. After LXRα was inhibited, the protein level of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1/G5/G8 (ABCA1/G5/G8) decreased, and the quantity and volume of intracellular lipids soared. CONCLUSION In a high-cholesterol environment, the intestine promotes the excretion of cholesterol from the cell through the LXRα-ABCA1/G5/G8 pathway, reduces the intestinal intake of a variety of exogenous cholesterol, and reduces the risk of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunhui Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Huimin Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zhou T, Cao L, Du Y, Qin L, Lu Y, Zhang Q, He Y, Tan D. Gypenosides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by regulating lipid metabolism. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15225. [PMID: 37065701 PMCID: PMC10103699 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides (GP), extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, have been used to treat metabolic disorders, including lipid metabolism disorders and diabetes. Although recent studies have confirmed their beneficial effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the underlying therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we explored the protective mechanism of GP against NAFLD in mice and provided new insights into the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Male C57BL6/J mice were divided into three experimental groups: normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and GP groups. The mice were fed an HFD for 16 weeks to establish an NAFLD model and then treated with GP for 22 weeks. The transcriptome and proteome of the mice livers were profiled using RNA sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that GP decreased serum lipid levels, liver index, and liver fat accumulation in mice. Principal component and heatmap analyses indicated that GP significantly modulated the changes in the expression of genes associated with HFD-induced NAFLD. The 164 differentially expressed genes recovered using GP were enriched in fatty acid and steroid metabolism pathways. Further results showed that GP reduced fatty acid synthesis by downregulating the expression of Srebf1, Fasn, Acss2, Acly, Acaca, Fads1, and Elovl6; modulated glycerolipid metabolism by inducing the expression of Mgll; promoted fatty acid transportation and degradation by inducing the expression of Slc27a1, Cpt1a, and Ehhadh; and reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis by downregulating the expression of Tm7sf2, Ebp, Sc5d, Lss, Fdft1, Cyp51, Nsdhl, Pmvk, Mvd, Fdps, and Dhcr7. The proteomic data further indicated that GP decreased the protein expression levels of ACACA, ACLY, ACSS2, TM7SF2, EBP, FDFT1, NSDHL, PMVK, MVD, FDPS, and DHCR7 and increased those of MGLL, SLC27A1, and EHHADH. In conclusion, GP can regulate the key genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, providing initial evidence for the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of GP in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ligang Cao
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanliu Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianru Zhang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-technology for Dendrobium Nobile, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Shen Y, Wang X, Ni Z, Xu S, Qiu S, Zheng W, Zhang J. Identification of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha as a prognostic and targeted candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03137-1. [PMID: 36976490 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The de novo lipogenesis has been a longstanding observation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic value and carcinogenic roles of the enzyme Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA) in HCC remains unknown. METHODS The proteins with remarkable prognostic significance were screened out from The Cancer Proteome Atlas Portal (TCPA) database. Furthermore, the expression characteristics and prognostic value of ACACA were evaluated in multiple databases and the local HCC cohort. The loss-of-function assays were performed to uncover the potential roles of ACACA in steering malignant behaviors of HCC cells. The underlying mechanisms were conjectured by bioinformatics and validated in HCC cell lines. RESULTS ACACA was identified as a crucial factor of HCC prognosis. Bioinformatics analyses showed that HCC patients with higher expression of ACACA protein or mRNA levels had poor prognosis. Knockdown of ACACA remarkably crippled the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HCC cells and induced the cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, ACACA might facilitate the malignant phenotypes of HCC through aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, ACACA expression was associated with the dilute infiltration of immune cells including plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and cytotoxic cells by utilization of relevant database analysis. CONCLUSION ACACA could be a potential biomarker and molecular target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Ni
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shiyu Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Li WJ, Jiang YW, Cui ZY, Wu QC, Zhang F, Chen HW, Wang YL, Wang WK, Lv LK, Xiong FL, Liu YY, Aisikaer A, Li SL, Bo YK, Yang HJ. Dietary Guanidine Acetic Acid Addition Improved Carcass Quality with Less Back-Fat Thickness and Remarkably Increased Meat Protein Deposition in Rapid-Growing Lambs Fed Different Forage Types. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030641. [PMID: 36766172 PMCID: PMC9914891 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether guanidine acetic acid (GAA) yields a response in rapid-growing lambs depending on forage type. In this study, seventy-two small-tailed Han lambs (initial body weights = 12 ± 1.6 kg) were used in a 120-d feeding experiment after a 7-d adaptation period. A 2 × 3 factorial experimental feeding design was applied to the lambs, which were fed a total mixed ration with two forage types (OH: oaten hay; OHWS: oaten hay plus wheat silage) and three forms of additional GAA (GAA: 0 g/kg; UGAA: Uncoated GAA, 1 g/kg; CGAA: Coated GAA, 1 g/kg). The OH diet had a greater dry matter intake, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight than the OHWS diet. The GAA supplementation increased the final body weight, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area in the longissimus lumborum. Meanwhile, it decreased backfat thickness and serum triglycerides. Dietary GAA decreased the acidity of the meat and elevated the water-holding capacity in mutton. In addition, the crude protein content in mutton increased with GAA addition. Dietary GAA (UGAA or CGAA) might be an effective additive in lamb fed by different forage types, as it has potential to improve growth performance and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi-Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - He-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan-Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang-Kang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ailiyasi Aisikaer
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sheng-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Kun Bo
- Zhangjiakou Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-1188-8062
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Ren T, Liu F, Wang D, Li B, Jiang P, Li J, Li H, Chen C, Wu W, Jiao L. Rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectin from steamed ginseng ameliorates lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats via gut microbiota and AMPK pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115862. [PMID: 36283638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) has traditionally been used to treat diabetes. Polysaccharide is the main active component of ginseng, and has been proved to have hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects, but its mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the effect and the potential mechanism of rhamnogalacturonan-I enriched pectin (GPS-1) from steamed ginseng on lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS GPS-1 was prepared by water extraction, ion-exchange and gel chromatography. High-glucose/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin was used to establish T2DM rat models, and lipid levels in serum and liver were tested. 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect the changes of gut microbiota and metabolites. The protein and mRNA levels of lipid synthesis-related genes were detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in T2DM rats were alleviated after GPS-1 intervention. GPS-1 modulated the gut microbiota composition of T2DM rats, increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids, and promoted the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine. Further, GPS-1 activated AMP-activated protein kinases, phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthases in T2DM rats. CONCLUSIONS The regulation effects of GPS-1 on lipid metabolism in T2DM rats are related to the regulation of gut microbiota and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Furao Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Bo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Lili Jiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Khalifeh M, Santos RD, Oskuee RK, Badiee A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Sahebkar A. A novel regulatory facet for hypertriglyceridemia: The role of microRNAs in the regulation of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101197. [PMID: 36400247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the major leading global causes of death. Genetic and epidemiological studies strongly support the causal association between triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TAGRL) and atherogenesis, even in statin-treated patients. Recent genetic evidence has clarified that variants in several key genes implicated in TAGRL metabolism are strongly linked to the increased ASCVD risk. There are several triacylglycerol-lowering agents; however, new therapeutic options are in development, among which are miRNA-based therapeutic approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that negatively modulate gene expression through translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs, thereby reducing the levels of functional genes. MiRNAs play a crucial role in the development of hypertriglyceridemia as several miRNAs are dysregulated in both synthesis and clearance of TAGRL particles. MiRNA-based therapies in ASCVD have not yet been applied in human trials but are attractive. This review provides a concise overview of current interventions for hypertriglyceridemia and the development of novel miRNA and siRNA-based drugs. We summarize the miRNAs involved in the regulation of key genes in the TAGRLs synthesis pathway, which has gained attention as a novel target for therapeutic applications in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Centre, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu L, Yang H, Xu H, Yang R, Fen L, Jiang D, Xu L, Xing Y. Efficacy and safety of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32357. [PMID: 36550852 PMCID: PMC9771159 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological mechanism of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is closely related to abnormal lipid regulation in hepatocytes. Patients with NASH generally have a significant increase in de novo lipogenesis, which acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the first committed step. However, the treatment with ACC inhibitors remains controversial. Thus, our study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACC inhibitors for the treatment of NASH. METHODS We plan to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wan-fang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure to obtain literatures from January 2015 to January 2030 under the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and include randomized controlled trials containing intervention of ACC inhibitors for NASH. The proportion of patients with reduction in ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis will be accepted as the main outcome. RoB 2 will be used for the risk of bias, as well as Egger's test and funnel plot for reporting bias. We will adopt Review Manager 5.4.1 for data synthesis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression analysis and sensitivity analysis, and conduct trial sequential analysis and quality of evidence evaluation using trial sequential analysis 0.9.5.10 Beta software and GRADE Profiler 3.6.1 software respectively. RESULTS This systematic review will assess the proportion of patients with reduction of ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis, changes in hepatic steatosis, levels of liver enzymes and liver injury markers, metabolic parameters, safety and tolerability to measure the clinical benefits of ACC inhibitors for NASH. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this systematic review will achieve convincing evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACC inhibitors for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Fen
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dansheng Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linyi Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- * Correspondence: Yufeng Xing, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China (e-mail: )
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Chu Q, An J, Liu P, Song Y, Zhai X, Yang R, Niu J, Yang C, Li B. Repurposing a tricyclic antidepressant in tumor and metabolism disease treatment through fatty acid uptake inhibition. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213757. [PMID: 36520461 PMCID: PMC9757841 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid uptake is essential for cell physiological function, but detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we generated an acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC1/2) double-knockout cell line, which lacked fatty acid biosynthesis and survived on serum fatty acids and was used to screen for fatty acid uptake inhibitors. We identified a Food and Drug Administration-approved tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline, that potently blocked fatty acid uptake both in vitro and in vivo. We also characterized underlying mechanisms whereby nortriptyline provoked lysosomes to release protons and induce cell acidification to suppress macropinocytosis, which accounted for fatty acid endocytosis. Furthermore, nortriptyline alone or in combination with ND-646, a selective ACC1/2 inhibitor, significantly repressed tumor growth, lipogenesis, and hepatic steatosis in mice. Therefore, we show that cells actively take up fatty acids through macropinocytosis, and we provide a potential strategy suppressing tumor growth, lipogenesis, and hepatic steatosis through controlling the cellular level of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Cancer Cell Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China,Correspondence to Binghui Li:
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Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor, CP640186, Effectively Inhibited Dengue Virus (DENV) Infection via Regulating ACC Phosphorylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238583. [PMID: 36500675 PMCID: PMC9739643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease and is caused by the dengue virus (DENV). There is still a lack of efficient drugs against DENV infection, so it is urgent to develop new inhibitors for future clinical use. Our previous research indicated the role of VEGFR2/AMPK in regulating cellular metabolism during DENV infection, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is located downstream of AMPK and plays a crucial role in mediating cellular lipid synthesis; therefore, we speculated that an ACC inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent against DENV. Luckily, we found that CP640186, a reported noncompetitive ACC inhibitor, significantly inhibited DENV proliferation, and CP640186 clearly reduced DENV2 proliferation at an early stage with an EC50 of 0.50 μM. A mechanism study indicated that CP640186 inhibited ACC activation and destroyed the cellular lipid environment for viral proliferation. In the DENV2 infection mice model, oral CP640186 administration (10 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the mice survival rate after DENV2 infection. In summary, our research suggests that lipid synthesis plays an important role during DENV2 proliferation and indicates that CP640186 is a promising drug candidate against DNEV2 in the future.
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Xiahou Z, Han J. Effects of dehydroabietic acid on nontarget lipidomics and proteomics of HepG2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015240. [PMID: 36532744 PMCID: PMC9751438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies of the effects of dehydroabietic acid on the multiomics of HepG2 hepatoma carcinoma cells are currently lacking. In this study, the molecular mechanism of the influence of dehydroabietic acid on HepG2 cells was disclosed by studying lipidomics and proteomics. Correlations among multiomics conjoint analysis results were verified. Methods: First, proteomics analysis of HepG2 cells was carried out using dehydroabietic acid. Differentially expressed proteins were screened and analyzed. Pathway enrichment analyses of differential proteins were compared, and the molecular mechanism was disclosed. Second, lipidomics analysis of HepG2 cells was conducted using dehydroabietic acid. The influence of dehydroabietic acid on HepG2 cells was determined on the lipid molecular level. Finally, a conjoint analysis of data related to differentially expressed proteins of ferroptosis and differentially changing lipid molecules was implemented. Results: A total of 260 upregulated and 961 downregulated proteins were screened in the proteomics analysis. The top five significantly enriched pathways included ferroptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. In the lipidomics analysis, 30 significantly differential metabolites with upregulated and downregulated expression were identified, and differentially expressed lipids were mainly related to the metabolism of glyceryl phosphatide. According to the comprehensive multiomics analysis results, real-time quantitative PCR and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ACSL3 participated in cardiolipin metabolism. Conclusion: Dehydroabietic acid influences HepG2 cells through the above biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Xiahou
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Beijing Tcmages Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd., Beijing, China
- Beijing Kangrentang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Wang J, Wang L, Shi R, Chu C, Shi Z, Liu P, Li Y, Liu X, Liu Z. Alternate-day fasting prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and working memory impairment in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109146. [PMID: 36049672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternate-day fasting (ADF) regimen has been reported to alleviate obesity and insulin resistance. However, the effects of ADF on preventing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cognitive deficits are still elusive. In the present study, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6 mouse model was established. Mice were treated with a 4-week long ADF regimen and/or switching the diet to a standard diet. ADF reduced lipid accumulation, activated AMPK/ULK1 signaling, and suppressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. Also, ADF inhibited lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses in the white adipose tissue and down-regulated expressions of PPAR-γ and cytokines. Moreover, ADF improved the working memory and synaptic structure in the DIO mice and upregulated PSD-95 and BDNF in the hippocampus. ADF reduced oxidative stress and microglial over-activation in the CNS. These results suggest that ADF attenuates NAFLD development in the liver of DIO mice, which is related to the mediating effects of ADF on autophagy and energy metabolism. ADF also enhanced cognitive function, which could be partly explained by the down-regulated peripheral inflammatory responses. This study indicates that ADF could be a promising intervention for alleviating NAFLD development and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chuanqi Chu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiling Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pujie Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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Luo S, Zhou L, Jiang X, Xia Y, Huang L, Ling R, Tang S, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J. Asparagus cochinchinensis alleviates disturbances of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015005. [PMID: 36313282 PMCID: PMC9616603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus cochinchinensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has anti-inflammatory ability and effectively regulates the dysbiosis within the body. Obesity is usually characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation with aberrant gut microbiota. However, the role of Asparagus cochinchinensis against obesity remains unknown. Therefore, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model with or without aqueous extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis root (ACE) treatment was established herein to determine whether ACE alleviated obesity and its involved mechanisms. Our results showed that ACE administration significantly decreased the weight gain and relieved dyslipidemia induced by HFD Treatment of ACE also improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese animal model, and remarkably decreased inflammation and lipogenesis in the liver and adipose. Moreover, administration of ACE significantly reshaped the gut microbiota of obese mice. These findings together suggest that ACE has beneficial effect against HFD-induced obesity and will provide valuable insights for the therapeutic potential of ACE against obesity and may aid in strategy-making for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Luo
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lishuang Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run Ling
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixin Tang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Zou, ; Chengzhi Chen, ; Jingfu Qiu,
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Zou, ; Chengzhi Chen, ; Jingfu Qiu,
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Zou, ; Chengzhi Chen, ; Jingfu Qiu,
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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Yin X, Xu R, Song J, Ruze R, Chen Y, Wang C, Xu Q. Lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer: emerging roles and potential targets. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1234-1256. [PMID: 36107801 PMCID: PMC9759769 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious health issues in developed and developing countries, with a 5-year overall survival rate currently <9%. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to vague symptoms or lack of screening for early cancer detection. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, but treatment options are limited for advanced diseases, such as distant metastatic or locally progressive tumors. Although adjuvant chemotherapy has improved long-term outcomes in advanced cancer patients, its response rate is low. So, exploring other new treatments is urgent. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that lipid metabolism can support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Therefore, a better understanding of lipid metabolism networks may provide novel and promising strategies for early diagnosis, prognosis estimation, and targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we first enumerate and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we summarize preclinical studies and clinical trials with drugs targeting lipid metabolic systems in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for targeting lipid metabolism pathways through precision therapies in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
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Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4257359. [PMID: 36106333 PMCID: PMC9467784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4257359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is of high importance to occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. As evidenced by recent studies, pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, and Hippo) are critical to the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of esophageal cancer. In addition, the above pathways play a certain role in regulating esophageal cancer and act as potential therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, the function of lipid metabolism in controlling tumor cells and immune cells has aroused extensive attention. It has been reported that there are intricate interactions between lipid metabolism reprogramming between immune and esophageal cancer cells, whereas molecular mechanisms should be studied in depth. Immune cells have been commonly recognized as a vital player in the esophageal cancer microenvironment, having complex crosstalk with cancer cells. It is increasingly evidenced that the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, the latest findings in lipid metabolism reprogramming in TME are summarized, and the above findings are linked to esophageal cancer progression. Aberrant lipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are likely to serve as a novel strategy to treat esophageal cancer through lipid metabolism reprogramming.
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Jiang J, Meng S, Li L, Duan X, Xu H, Li S. Correlation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 with Th17 and Th1 cells, serving as a potential prognostic biomarker for acute ischemic stroke patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24607. [PMID: 36059084 PMCID: PMC9550961 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) regulates lipid homeostasis, T helper (Th) cell differentiation, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and neurological process, engaging in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathogenesis, while its clinical utility in AIS is unclear. Hence, this study intended to explore the correlation among blood ACC1, Th17, and Th1 cells, and ACC1’s potency as a prognostic biomarker for AIS management. Methods ACC1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 160 AIS patients and 30 controls were determined using RT‐qPCR; blood Th17 and Th1 cells in AIS patients were quantified by flow cytometry. Results ACC1 was increased in AIS patients compared with controls (median (interquartile range): 2.540 (1.753–3.548) vs. 0.980 (0.655–1.743), p < 0.001), which exhibited a good value to reflect AIS risk with the area under the curve of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.805–0.939). Moreover, ACC1 was positively linked with Th17 (r = 0.374, p < 0.001) and Th1 (r = 0.178, p = 0.024) cells in AIS patients. Additionally, ACC1 (r = 0.328, p < 0.001), Th17 (r = 0.272, p = 0.001), and Th1 cells (r = 0.195, p = 0.014) were positively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in AIS patients. ACC1 high vs. low (p = 0.038) and Th17 high vs. low (p = 0.026) were related to shortened recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in AIS patients, while Th1 cells (p = 0.179) were not correlated with RFS. Whereas ACC1 (p = 0.248), Th17 (p = 0.079), and Th1 cells (p = 0.130) were not linked with overall survival (OS) in AIS patients. Conclusion Circulating ACC1 overexpression correlates with increased Th17, Th1 cells, NIHSS score, and shortened RFS in AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shifeng Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xinfei Duan
- Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Haifa Xu
- Department of Emergency, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shurui Li
- Department of Deanery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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Wang M, Pang Y, Guo Y, Tian L, Liu Y, Shen C, Liu M, Meng Y, Cai Z, Wang Y, Zhao W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970601. [PMID: 36120335 PMCID: PMC9479190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, the pathological mechanisms contributing to DKD are multifactorial and poorly understood. Diabetes is characterized by metabolic disorders that can bring about a series of changes in energy metabolism. As the most energy-consuming organs secondary only to the heart, the kidneys must maintain energy homeostasis. Aberrations in energy metabolism can lead to cellular dysfunction or even death. Metabolic reprogramming, a shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and its side branches, is thought to play a critical role in the development and progression of DKD. This review focuses on the current knowledge about metabolic reprogramming and the role it plays in DKD development. The underlying etiologies, pathological damages in the involved cells, and potential molecular regulators of metabolic alterations are also discussed. Understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming in DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to end-stage renal disease.
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Zhao Z, Gong F, Duan L, Lv X, Wu H, Tang Y, Zhu H, Chen X. Somatostatin receptor ligands suppressed proliferation and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:174-188. [PMID: 35688794 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin and its analogues, known as somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), have been reported to attenuate weight gain in some clinical settings. However, their direct effects on preadipocytes are barely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of SRLs on preadipocytes and to further explore the potential mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, Oil Red O staining, triglyceride contents measurements, qPCR, and western blot were used to investigate the effects of SRLs on preadipocytes. We found that three SRLs (octreotide, TT232, and pasireotide) inhibited cell viability after 8-48 h but not 4 h. Further western blot results showed that they significantly suppressed activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Besides, lipid accumulation was also significantly inhibited by these SRLs. Moreover, mRNA levels of some critical adipogenic markers, including Pparg, Cebpa, Fasn, Fabp4, Acaca, and Lpl, were downregulated by the treatments of all these SRLs. Consistently, the protein expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS were also suppressed by SRLs. SRLs inhibit the proliferation and lipogenesis in preadipocytes. Their inhibitory effects on cell proliferation may be mediated by the downregulated PI3K/Akt pathway, and the suppressive actions on lipogenesis may be related to the decreased PPARγ and C/EBPα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.,Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Fengying Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Xiaorui Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Haijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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Li L, Meyer C, Zhou ZW, Elmezayen A, Westover K. Therapeutic Targeting the Allosteric Cysteinome of RAS and Kinase Families. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167626. [PMID: 35595166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric mechanisms are pervasive in nature, but human-designed allosteric perturbagens are rare. The history of KRASG12C inhibitor development suggests that covalent chemistry may be a key to expanding the armamentarium of allosteric inhibitors. In that effort, irreversible targeting of a cysteine converted a non-deal allosteric binding pocket and low affinity ligands into a tractable drugging strategy. Here we examine the feasibility of expanding this approach to other allosteric pockets of RAS and kinase family members, given that both protein families are regulators of vital cellular processes that are often dysregulated in cancer and other human diseases. Moreover, these heavily studied families are the subject of numerous drug development campaigns that have resulted, sometimes serendipitously, in the discovery of allosteric inhibitors. We consequently conducted a comprehensive search for cysteines, a commonly targeted amino acid for covalent drugs, using AlphaFold-generated structures of those families. This new analysis presents potential opportunities for allosteric targeting of validated and understudied drug targets, with an emphasis on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Li
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Cynthia Meyer
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Ammar Elmezayen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth Westover
- Departments of Biochemistry and Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA.
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Li RJ, Tian K, Li X, Gaikaiwari AR, Li Z. Engineering P450 Monooxygenases for Highly Regioselective and Active p-Hydroxylation of m-Alkylphenols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Kaiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Xirui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Anand Raghavendra Gaikaiwari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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Zhang Z, Ding B, He H, Wang J, Liu X, Guo J, Li P, Madigosky SR. The effect of bile salt diet supplementation on genes related to fat metabolism in yellow-feathered broilers. Vet World 2022; 15:911-918. [PMID: 35698512 PMCID: PMC9178600 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.911-918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: As a new feed additive, bile acid (BA) can promote the absorption and transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. In recent years, BAs have been widely used in animal feed to promote fat absorption. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of bile salt supplementation in the diet of yellow-feathered broilers on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4). Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty commercial male chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (with four replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate). They were fed diets supplemented with bile salts at 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg tylosin for 30 days. Changes in SREBF1, fatty acid transporter 4, FAS, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes in intestinal mucosa and liver of yellow-feathered broilers were determined using a quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Results: mRNA expression of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in the small intestine decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 3.5 and 4.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared with the control group on 7 days and 14 d. The mRNA expressions of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in liver tissue decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 4.5 and 5.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared to the control group on 7 days. The mRNA expression of SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 in the liver at 14 days and the small intestine on 21 days also decreased in chicks fed diets supplemented with 4.5 mg/kg bile salts (p<0.05) compared to the control group. When contrasted with the control group on day 21, the mRNA expression of SRWBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 detected in the liver was lower in chicks fed diets supplemented with bile salts (p<0.05). Conclusion: The dietary supplementation of bile salts at 4.5 mg/kg effectively regulates the expression of fat metabolism genes, such as SREBF1, FAS, ACC, and FATP4 mRNA. At this concentration, bile salts promote fat catabolism, inhibit fat synthesis, and play an essential role in improving the fat deposition of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Baoan Ding
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Hailian He
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jingge Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xiongjie Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Stephen R. Madigosky
- Department of Environmental Science and Biology, One University Place, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013, USA
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Li M, Zhao X, Xie J, Tong X, Shan J, Shi M, Wang G, Ye W, Liu Y, Unger BH, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Wu N, Xia XQ. Dietary Inclusion of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Mitigates Foodborne Enteritis in Zebrafish Through the Gut-Liver Immune Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831226. [PMID: 35464096 PMCID: PMC9019508 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To help prevent foodborne enteritis in aquaculture, several feed additives, such as herbal medicine, have been added to fish diets. Predictions of effective herb medicines for treating fish foodborne enteritis from key regulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in transcriptomic data can aid in the development of feed additives using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database. Seabuckthorn has been assessed as a promising candidate for treating grass carp soybean-induced enteritis (SBMIE). In the present study, the SBMIE zebrafish model was used to assess seabuckthorn’s therapeutic or preventative effects. The results showed that intestinal and hepatic inflammation was reduced when seabuckthorn was added, either pathologically (improved intestinal villi morphology, less oil-drops) or growth-related (body fat deposition). Moreover, seabuckthorn may block the intestinal p53 signaling pathway, while activating the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results also indicated a significant increase in OTU numbers and skewed overlapping with the fish meal group following the addition of seabuckthorn. Additionally, there were signs of altered gut microbiota taxa composition, particularly for reduced TM7, Sphingomonas, and Shigella, following the addition of seabuckthorn. Hindgut imaging of fluorescent immune cells in SBMIE larvae revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms at the cellular level. Seabuckthorn may significantly inhibit the inflammatory gathering of neutrophils, macrophages, and mature T cells, as well as cellular protrusions’ formation. On the other hand, in larvae, seabuckthorn inhibited the inflammatory aggregation of lck+ T cells but not immature lymphocytes, indicating that it affected intestinal adaptive immunity. Although seabuckthorn did not affect the distribution of intestinal CD4+ cells, the number of hepatic CD4+ cells were reduced in fish from the seabuckthorn supplementation group. Thus, the current data indicate that seabuckthorn may alleviate foodborne gut-liver symptoms by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and microbiota while simultaneously inhibiting hepatic adipose disposition, making it a potential additive for preventing fish foodborne gut-liver symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayuan Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Shan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Mijuan Shi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxin Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Yingyin Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Wu, ; Xiao-Qin Xia,
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Wu, ; Xiao-Qin Xia,
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Zhang FL, Hao Q, Zhang QS, Lv HY, Yang YL, Zhang Z, Zhou ZG. Influences of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract on the hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation response, intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and disease resistance of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:75-84. [PMID: 35240294 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on the common occurrence of liver steatosis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, disturbance of gut microbiota, and disease susceptibility in high-fat diet-fed channel catfish. Channel catfish fed three diets, including a high-fat diet (11% crude fat) and ELE-supplemented diets containing 1‰ or 2‰ ELE for 4 weeks. The results showed the contents of liver triacylglycerol of 1‰ and 2‰ ELE groups were reduced, and ELE treatments decreased the expression of lipogenesis related genes (srebp-1c, pparγ, and acc-1), and increased the expression of lipolysis related genes (pparα). In addition, the supplementation of ELE improved the inflammatory response of the liver and intestine. ELE could improve the destruction of intestinal morphology structure and increase the expression level of hif-1a and tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin2, Claudin15). 2‰ ELE significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of intestine by increasing the activity of SOD enzyme. Moreover, the supplement of ELE significantly increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Romboutsia (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of immune factor nf-κb had a significant decrease, and il-1β showed a tendency to decrease in the ELE supplement groups after pathogenic bacteria challenge. In conclusion, the ELE alleviated fatty liver disease and inflammation response, improved the oxidative capacity and physiological structure of intestine, and improved the structure of intestinal microbiota and disease resistance in HFD-fed channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Shuang Zhang
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Lv
- Beijing CENTRE Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Ali I, Khan A, Fa Z, Khan T, Wei DQ, Zheng J. Crystal structure of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccB) from Streptomyces antibioticus and insights into the substrate-binding through in silico mutagenesis and biophysical investigations. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105439. [PMID: 35344865 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is crucial for polyketides biosynthesis and acts as an essential metabolic checkpoint. It is also an attractive drug target against obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and diabetes. However, the lack of knowledge, particularly sequence-structure function relationship to narrate ligand-enzyme binding, has hindered the progress of ACC-specific therapeutics and unnatural "natural" polyketides. Structural characterization of such enzymes will boost the opportunity to understand the substrate binding, designing new inhibitors and information regarding the molecular rules which control the substrate specificity of ACCs. To understand the substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of AccB (Carboxyl-transferase, CT) from Streptomyces antibioticus with a resolution of 2.3 Å and molecular modeling approaches were employed to unveil the molecular mechanism of acetyl-CoA recognition and processing. The CT domain of S. antibioticus shares a similar structural organization with the previous structures and the two steps reaction was confirmed by enzymatic assay. Furthermore, to reveal the key hotspots required for the substrate recognition and processing, in silico mutagenesis validated only three key residues (V223, Q346, and Q514) that help in the fixation of the substrate. Moreover, we also presented atomic level knowledge on the mechanism of the substrate binding, which unveiled the terminal loop (500-514) function as an opening and closing switch and pushes the substrate inside the cavity for stable binding. A significant decline in the hydrogen bonding half-life was observed upon the alanine substitution. Consequently, the presented structural data highlighted the potential key interacting residues for substrate recognition and will also help to re-design ACCs active site for proficient substrate specificity to produce diverse polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhang Fa
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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49
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Wang Y, Yu W, Li S, Guo D, He J, Wang Y. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylases and Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836058. [PMID: 35359351 PMCID: PMC8963101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are enzymes that catalyze the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA. In mammals, ACC1 and ACC2 are two members of ACCs. ACC1 localizes in the cytosol and acts as the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway. ACC2 localizes on the outer membrane of mitochondria and produces malonyl-CoA to regulate the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) that involves in the β-oxidation of fatty acid. Fatty acid synthesis is central in a myriad of physiological and pathological conditions. ACC1 is the major member of ACCs in mammalian, mountains of documents record the roles of ACC1 in various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity. Besides, acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are cofactors in protein acetylation and malonylation, respectively, so that the manipulation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA by ACC1 can also markedly influence the profile of protein post-translational modifications, resulting in alternated biological processes in mammalian cells. In the review, we summarize our understandings of ACCs, including their structural features, regulatory mechanisms, and roles in diseases. ACC1 has emerged as a promising target for diseases treatment, so that the specific inhibitors of ACC1 for diseases treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yugang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yugang Wang,
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50
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Han Y, Liang C, Manthari RK, Yu Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Cao J. Distribution characteristics and regulation of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues of sheep grown in natural grazing environment. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13769. [PMID: 36127314 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The composition of amino acid and fatty acid has a vital function on meat quality and animal health. However, the underlying mechanism of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in sheep during different grazing periods is still unclear. In this study, a total of 12 sheep were employed in different grazing periods. Our results showed that the composition of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle and adipose tissues was significantly altered between dry grass (DG) period and green grass (GG) period. Changes in the activities of the metabolism-related enzymes including BCKD, BCAT2, ACC, SCD, HSL, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, and FABP4 were observed in muscle and adipose during different grazing periods. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of ACC, FAS, SCD, HSL, LPL, and DGAT1 in muscle and adipose tissue were changed markedly in different grazing periods. Furthermore, the expression levels of mTOR and β-catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα pathway-related proteins were predominantly altered in muscle and adipose among DG and GG. Taken together, all investigations simplified the process of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism disorders caused by different grazing periods, and the mTOR and β-catenin/PPARγ/C/EBPα play the essential role in this process, which provided an underlying mechanism of metabolism and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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