Correlation between CAT polymorphism and susceptibility to DMAc-induced abnormal liver function: a case-control study of Chinese population

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Catalase (CAT) Level, CT Genotypes and the T Allele of the -262 C/T CAT Polymorphism

BACKGROUND

It is well known that oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that an insufficient antioxidant defense system composed of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and nonenzymatic molecules, is a key factor triggering oxidative damage in the progression of liver disease. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess whether the level of CAT and -262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter of CAT (rs1001179) are associated with NAFLD.

METHODS

In total, 281 adults (152/129 female/male, aged 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were included in the study. The patients were assigned to an NAFLD group (n = 139) or a group without NAFLD (n = 142) based on the results of an ultrasound, the Hepatic Steatosis Index, and the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). CAT levels were determined using an ELISA test, and genomic DNA was extracted via the standard phenol/chloroform-based method and genotyped via RFLP-PCR.

RESULTS

The CAT level was decreased in NAFLD patients (p < 0.001), and an ROC analysis revealed that a CAT level lower than 473.55 U/L significantly increases the risk of NAFLD. In turn, genotyping showed that the CT genotype and the T allele of -262 C/T CAT polymorphism elevate the risk of NAFLD. The diminished CAT level in the NAFLD group correlated with increased FLI, waist circumference and female gender.

CONCLUSION

The obtained results support observations that oxidative damage associated with NAFLD may be the result of a decreased CAT level as a part of the antioxidant defense system.

Clinical manifestation score and characterization of cytokines and lymphocytes of dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers

Occupational exposure to dimethylacetamide (DMAc) has been reported to cause toxic hepatitis. Sixty spandex workers were included in this study to research the clinical manifestations and expression of cytokines and lymphocytes in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis. Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione and Hugan tablets) were used to treat them. The manifestations including jaundice, asthenia, appetite, nausea, emesis, abdominal distension, yellow urine, and dizziness were scored. The percentages of patients rated as 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-12 points were 33.3%, 43.3%, 21.7%, and 1.7%, respectively, before treatment, and all patients showed 0-3 points after the treatment. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed diffuse intrahepatic hypodensity, intrahepatic calcification, signs of liver injury, and splenomegaly, which improved after therapy. Blood analysis showed that ALT, AST, TBIL, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, CD3⁺%, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ statistically decreased after drug treatment. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive linear correlations between ALT and TBIL, AST and TBIL, IL-10 and ATL, IL-10 and AST, IL-10 and TBIL, IFN-γ and IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and CD3⁺% and ALT. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphocytes in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis reflected an active immune state that decreased after treatment. IL-10 may inhibit the immune response in this disease, as a protective mechanism.

Association of polymorphisms in the catalase gene with the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES

The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Catalase (CAT) gene and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been reported in several case-control studies. However, their conclusions are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the association between CAT genetic variants and NIHL susceptibility.

METHODS

We searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of Science for eligible English and Chinese studies published up to September 26, 2021. Studies reporting primary data that assessed the association between CAT SNPs and NIHL susceptibility were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The odds ratio (OR), 95 % confidence interval (CI), and P value were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Publication bias was explored using funnel plots and Egger's test.

RESULTS

Our meta-analysis included six articles involving 1428 patients and 2162 healthy controls. For rs208679, a significant association was detected in the allele model (A vs. G: OR = 0.81 [95 % CI, 0.67-0.97], P = 0.02) and the dominant model (AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 0.78 [95 % CI, 0.62-0.98], P = 0.03), but not in the heterozygote model, homozygote model, or the recessive model. For rs769217, rs7943316, and rs769214, no significant association was found in any genetic model. No significant publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The rs208679 may be used in the Chinese population as a risk predictor for NIHL. While the rs769217, rs7943316, and rs769214 polymorphisms were not found to be associated with susceptibility to NIHL. Further studies with a larger population and higher quality are required to update the results.

Bioelectrochemical systems with a cathode of stainless-steel electrode for treatment of refractory wastewater: Influence of electrode material on system performance and microbial community

The large-scale application of the bioelectrochemical system (BES) is limited by the cost-effective electrode materials. In this study, five kinds of stainless-steel materials were used as the cathode of the BES coupled with anaerobic digestion (BES-AD) for the treatment of diluted N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) wastewater. Compared with a carbon-cloth cathode, BES-AD with a stainless-steel cathode had more engineering due to its low cost, although the operating efficiencies were slightly inferior. Stainless-steel mesh with a 100 µm aperture (SSM-100 μm) was the most cost-effective electrode and the implanted BES exhibited better COD removal efficiency, electrochemical performance and biodegradability. Analysis of microbial community revealed the synergetic effect between exoelectrogen and fermentative bacteria had been strengthened in the SSM-100 μm cathode biofilm. Function analysis of the microbial community based on PICRUSt predicted metagenomes revealed that the metabolic pathways of xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism in the SSM-100 μm cathode were stimulated.

8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) Cys326 Variant: Increased Risk for Worse Outcome of Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer after Multimodal Therapy

Despite excellent loco-regional control by multimodal treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, a substantial portion of patients succumb to this disease. As many treatment effects are mediated via reactive oxygen species (ROS), we evaluated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ROS-related genes on clinical outcome. Based on the literature, eight SNPs in seven ROS-related genes were assayed. Eligible patients (n = 287) diagnosed with UICC stage II/III rectal cancer were treated multimodally starting with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (N-RCT) according to the clinical trial protocols of CAO/ARO/AIO-94, CAO/ARO/AIO-04, TransValid-A, and TransValid-B. The median follow-up was 64.4 months. The Ser326Cys polymorphism in the human OGG1 gene affected clinical outcome, in particular cancer-specific survival (CSS). This effect was comparable in extent to the ypN status, an already established strong prognosticator for patient outcome. Homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the Cys326 variant (n = 105) encountered a significantly worse CSS (p = 0.0004 according to the log-rank test, p = 0.01 upon multiple testing adjustment). Cox regression elicited a hazard ratio for CSS of 3.64 (95% confidence interval 1.70-7.78) for patients harboring the Cys326 allele. In a multivariable analysis, the effect of Cys326 on CSS was preserved. We propose the genetic polymorphism Ser326Cys as a promising biomarker for outcome in rectal cancer.

Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes

BACKGROUND

Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exposure has been associated with toxic hepatitis, and no clinical treatment has been reported.

AIM

To investigate the clinical manifestations of DMAc-induced symptoms and how to rescue the functional loss due to occupational exposure.

DESIGN

Clinical observations of 60 spandex factory workers with the exposure to DMAc from January, 2017-19.

METHODS

Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine, glycyrrhizin compound, Hugan tablets and ornithine aspartate) were used to evaluate the therapeutic improvements in DMAc-exposed patients.

RESULTS

Our data found that 58.3% patients had no distinct clinical symptoms, but 41.7% patients felt fatigue, and 21.7% patients suffered abdominal discomfort and appetite loss, and 8.3% patients had yellow skin and sclera. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed that some patients have fatty livers, intrahepatic calcifications, hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall edema and abdominal effusions. Biochemical analysis showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001) and bilirubin (P < 0.01) statistically decreased after the drug treatment, but alkaline phosphatase (P >0.05) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P> 0.05) did not decrease. Twenty-nine out of the thirty-one patients' abnormal blood ammonia recovered. The risk factor of ALT on hospitalization time was significantly related (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The drugs above are sufficient to rescue functional loss in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis, in part via the regulations of ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and ammonia. Workers with the exposure to DMAc should receive specific drugs to maintain the health and prevent functional loss in the long term.

The effects of the genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes on susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma

Several lines of evidences have indicated that inflammation play an important role in the carcinogenesis. During the inflammatory processes, free radical species are produced from oxidative stress. In normal conditions, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants remove these products. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and catalase (CAT) are three important enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of MnSOD (SOD2), GPX-1, and CAT genetic polymorphisms on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) susceptibility. A total of 134 patients with PTC and 151 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this study. All samples were genotyped for SOD2 rs4880, GPX1 1050450, and CAT rs7943316 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequencies of the rs1050450, rs4880, and rs7943316 alleles and genotypes were not different between PTC patients and controls. However, the TC genotype of SOD2 rs4880 polymorphism was significantly higher in males compared to that in females in PTC patients (odds ratio [OR], 3.9 [95% CI, 1.5-11], p = .007). The rs4880 polymorphism was also associated with higher stages (III-IV) of PTC in dominant model. No significant correlation was found between GPX1-rs1050450 and CAT-rs7943316 polymorphisms and demographic, clinical, and pathological features of the disease. The SOD2 rs4880CT genotype was more frequent in males with PTC and patients with higher stages (III-IV) of disease (OR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.1-7.7], p = .04). However, no significant association was found between GPX1-rs1050450 and CAT-rs7943316 variants and PTC or its demographic, clinical, and pathological features.