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Liu B, Zou M, Bao H, Xu X, Liu X, Zhang B, Yang Q, Li F. Mental health and meaning in life in Chinese military personnel: a cross-lagged analysis. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:426. [PMID: 39103874 PMCID: PMC11301852 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burgeoning field of research on the dual-factor model of mental health (DFM) has highlighted its significance, yet the applicability of the DFM in military personnel and its longitudinal relationships with different dimensions of meaning in life remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the applicability of the DFM for military personnel and to investigate longitudinal relationships between the dual factors of mental health (negative factor, positive factor) and the two dimensions of meaning in life (presence of meaning, search for meaning) in military personnel. METHODS In this study, data were collected in two waves (April and August 2023) from 227 Chinese military personnel. We constructed a dual-factor model with depression as the negative factor and subjective well-being as the positive factor, and we compared it with a single-factor model to determine if DFM could be applied to military personnel. We also constructed a cross-lagged model to investigate longitudinal relationships between depression, subjective well-being, presence of meaning, and search for meaning. RESULTS According to the findings, military personnel fit better with the DFM than with the single-factor model. Cross-lagged analysis results revealed that both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning negatively predicted depression and positively predicted subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS The DFM had good applicability among military personnel. Both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning could improve military mental health, suggesting that both dimensions of meaning in life may be potential targets for improving military mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingxuan Zou
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Public Health School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Hongxiang Bao
- Frontier Medical Service Training Brigade, Army Medical University, Hutubi, 831200, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Air Force Bureau of Trainee Pilot Selection (Nanjing Central Division), Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Psychology, NO. 986 Hospital of Air Force, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- 1st Group of the Sixth Regiment, First Training Base of Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Arslan G, Coşkun M. Coronavirus-Related Stressors, Resilient Mindset, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1633-1651. [PMID: 36377653 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak alarmingly threats the mental health and functioning of people globally. The present study aims to examine the moderated mediation role of resilient mindset and loneliness in the association of coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. We recruited 394 undergraduate students from a state university in Türkiye, ranging in age between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.76, SD = 3.88; 65% female). The main results revealed that resilient mindset mediated the relationship between coronavirus-related stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, loneliness moderated the mediating effect of resilient mindset in the coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms association. Taken together, these findings pointed out that the effects of the coronavirus stress on depressive symptoms can be captured better by underlying psychological mechanisms, namely resilient mindset and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammet Coşkun
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
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3
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Arslan G, Uzun K, Güven AZ, Gürsu O. Psychological flexibility, self-compassion, subjective well-being, and substance misuse in college students: a serial mediation model. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38923909 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2366981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Substance misuse is a pressing public health concern, especially among emerging adults, with implications for psychological health and overall well-being. This cross-sectional study investigates the mediating roles of self-compassion and subjective well-being in the relationship between psychological flexibility and substance misuse among Turkish college students. The study included 445 emerging adults enrolled at a state university in Türkiye. University participants were recruited via convenience sampling using snowball methods. Data were collected using self-report scales. The sample was 69% female (n = 307) and 31% male (n = 138) and ranged in age from 18 to 26 years (M = 20.85, SD = 1.35). In the study, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables and then the serial mediation model was tested. The findings have revealed that psychological flexibility significantly predicts substance misuse, subjective well-being, and self-compassion. Additionally, the study identifies self-compassion as a mediator in the relationship between psychological flexibility and subjective well-being. While self-compassion contributes significantly to well-being, it does not explain the impact of psychological flexibility on substance misuse. Furthermore, subjective well-being also appears to be a mediator in the relationship between psychological flexibility and substance misuse, emphasizing its potential significance in reducing the likelihood of resorting substance misuse. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the pivotal role of self-compassion and psychological flexibility in fostering well-being and preventing substance misuse in the college setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Orhan Gürsu
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Türkiye
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Currier JM, Bounds EM, Matsuo H, vanOyen Witvliet C, Abernethy AD, VanHarn K, Schnitker SA. Temporal associations between meaning in life, ultimate meaning struggles, and mental health outcomes in a spiritually integrated inpatient program. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1306-1322. [PMID: 38408189 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaning in life is a benchmark indicator of flourishing that can likely mitigate the severity of depression symptoms among persons seeking mental healthcare. However, patients contending with serious mental health difficulties often experience a painful void or absence of ultimate meaning in their lives that might hinder recovery. This two-wave longitudinal study examined temporal associations between perceived presence of meaning in life, struggles with ultimate meaning, flourishing, and depression symptoms among adults in a spiritually integrated inpatient treatment program. METHODS Of the 242 patients assessed at intake, 90% (N = 218; 40% Cisgender male; 57% Cisgender female; 3.0% nonbinary) completed validated measures of these meaning-related factors and mental health outcomes at discharge. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses revealed perceptions of meaning in life and ultimate meaning struggles were inversely linked with one another along with being associated with indices of positive and negative mental health in varying ways at the start and end of treatment. Drawing upon a two-wave cross-lagged panel design, longitudinal structural equation modeling analyses supported a Primary Meaning Model whereby having a subjective sense of meaning in life at intake was prospectively linked with lower levels of ultimate meaning struggles and greater flourishing at discharge. However, baseline levels of mental health outcomes were not predictive of the meaning-related factors in this sample. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the utility of assessing patients' perceived meaning in life and ultimate meaning struggles in spiritually integrated programs and for clinicians to be prepared to possibly address these meaning-related concerns in the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Currier
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Bounds
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Hiroki Matsuo
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Alexis D Abernethy
- Fuller Theological Seminary, Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Karl VanHarn
- Pine Rest Christian Mental Health Services, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah A Schnitker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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5
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Yan Y, Chen Y, Ou M, Gong Y, Yang R, Liu X, Xia W, Chen F, Zheng H, Xu X. The mediating role of meaning in life between experiential avoidance and death anxiety among cancer patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:663. [PMID: 38822257 PMCID: PMC11141075 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death anxiety is thought to cause a range of mental disorders among cancer patients, which may affect their mental health and even quality of life. This study sought to investigate experiential avoidance, meaning in life, and death anxiety among Chinese cancer patients and then explore the relationship between these 3 variables. METHODS A total of 300 cancer patients recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital participated in this study from October to December 2021. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. Correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediating effect analysis were used to analyze the relationship among experiential avoidance, meaning in life (including 2 dimensions: presence of meaning and search for meaning), and death anxiety. RESULTS A total of 315 questionnaires were distributed, and 300 valid questionnaires were returned, resulting in a valid response rate of 95.2%. Experiential avoidance (r = 0.552, p < 0.01) was moderately positively correlated with death anxiety. Presence of meaning (r = - 0.400, p < 0.01) was moderately negatively correlated with death anxiety, while search for meaning (r = - 0.151, p < 0.01) was weakly negatively correlated with death anxiety. Regression analysis showed that experiential avoidance (β = 0.464) and presence of meaning (β = -0.228) were predictors of death anxiety. Mediating effect analysis revealed that presence of meaning either completely or partially mediated the effect of experiential avoidance and death anxiety, and the indirect effect accounted for 14.52% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Overall, experiential avoidance predicts death anxiety in cancer patients, and meaning in life can mediate this effect. The results of this study provide a new path for studying the mechanism of death anxiety and suggest a more positive and promising strategy for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Yan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongyi Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meijun Ou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youwen Gong
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Renting Yang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanting Xia
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Furong Chen
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Zheng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghua Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/ Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Li Y, Wu D. Creativity and Well-Being Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38805664 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2354439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of creativity on well-being have been supported by many studies, but the mechanisms involved have not been fully studied. This study used the Creative Conceptual Behavioral Scale, the Well-Being Scale, and the Meaning of Life Questionnaire to survey 1124 college students, in order to explore the mechanism of creativity's influence on well-being from the perspective of meaning in life. The results showed that: (1) There was a bipartite positive correlation between creativity, well-being and meaning of life; and (2) meaning in life played a partial mediating role between creativity and well-being, that is to say, creativity not only directedly influenced well-being but also indirectedly influenced well-being through meaning in life. This study reveals the effect of creativity on well-being and its mechanism theoretically, which has certain practical reference value for the education of meaning in life for college students.
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Dong X, Chen M, Li J. Linking COVID-19 stress and Chinese nurses' life well-being: The influence of work-family conflict and work centrality. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30070. [PMID: 38726198 PMCID: PMC11078872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed enormous stress on health workers, exposing them to high levels of work-family conflict (WFC), which in turn affects their life well-being(LWB). To date, whether WFC is involved in the association between COVID-19 stress and the well-being of life has not been investigated. The purpose of this paper was to explore the connection between COVID-19 stress and LWB in Chinese nurses and to analyse the mediating role of WFC and the moderating effect of work centrality. The link between COVID-19 stress and LWB was examined by performing multiple regression analysis, common method bias analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis on data for 227 nurses.COVID-19 stress exerted a remarkable direct impact on nurses' LWB, and WFC mediated the link between COVID-19 stress and nurses' LWB. Work centrality moderated the link between COVID-19 stress and nurses' WFC. COVID-19 stress decreases nurses' LWB and increases their WFC, which also decreases their LWB. For nurses with higher work centrality, the connection of COVID-19 stress to work-family conflict was stronger. Hospital managers should focus on nurses' work-family balance and pay particular attention to the work-family balance of work-centered nurses to avoid compromising their LWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Dong
- China Cooperative Research Institute, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- School of Business Administration, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Customs and Public Economics, Shanghai Customs University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Shao M, Luo S, Qian H, Li X, Wei Z, Hong M, Wang J, Li X, Meng J. The relationship between autistic traits and the stress of social isolation: Development of an explanatory model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26082. [PMID: 38404812 PMCID: PMC10884416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social isolation can be particularly challenging for individuals with high autistic traits who struggle with social interactions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased isolation, exacerbating stress for those who may have difficulty in connecting with others. This study aimed to explore the relationship between autistic traits and stress associated with social isolation. Methods A sample of 1597 Chinese adults completed measures of autistic traits, the stress of social isolation, psychological inflexibility and core self-evaluation, during an epidemic prevention and control period of COVID-19 in Chongqing, China. Measures included the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Coronavirus Stress Measure, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Core Self-Evaluation Scale. Results Autistic traits were positively correlated with the stress of social isolation, which was mediated by the chain effect of core self-evaluation and psychological inflexibility. individuals with high autistic traits reported significantly higher stress than individuals with low autistic traits. Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, which limits causal inference. In addition, data were self-reported, which may cause methodological effects. Finally, this study was conducted during China's quarantine policy and external validation of the findings is required. Conclusions Autistic traits are positively associated with the stress of social isolation. Autistic traits affected core self-evaluation first, and psychological inflexibility subsequently, leading to the stress of social isolation. individuals with high autistic traits tended to experience higher levels of stress during pandemic quarantines. The findings provide useful evidence for developing interventions and implementing preventive measures to reduce stress in individuals with high autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shao
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Luo
- Student Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Qian
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Basic Teaching Department, Shandong Water Conservancy Vocational College, Shandong, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Hong
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Ameden WC, Tricomi E, Heintzelman SJ. The role of planfulness for well-being, stress, and goal disruption during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1224451. [PMID: 38390411 PMCID: PMC10881737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1224451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Planfulness refers to an individual's tendency to be future oriented, mentally flexible, and cognitively strategic when engaging with goals, and has been shown to predict goal completion. We investigated the relationships among planfulness, goal disruption, stress, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as a unique setback context. We measured these constructs using the planfulness scale, an ad-hoc survey item probing goal disruption in the pandemic, the perceived stress scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, respectively. Participants were university students (N = 174; mean age 23.03, SD: 4.37; 77% female). Higher planfulness predicted lower goal-disruption, lower stress, and higher well-being during the pandemic, extending its benefits beyond the goal domain. High levels of planfulness did not protect against goal disruption among those participants in which the self-reported personal impact of the pandemic was highest. Differences in goal disruption across levels of planfulness were constrained to lower reported pandemic impact. However, the differences in psychological well-being and stress by levels of planfulness were retained even when self-reported perceptions of personal pandemic impact were high. More planful students maintained lower stress and higher psychological well-being than their less planful peers across levels of adversity. These findings suggest that even in extremely difficult contexts in which planfulness does not protect against goal disruption, it still confers personal benefits in terms of psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Ameden
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Tricomi
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, United States
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10
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Çağış ZG, Öztekin GG, Aziz IA, Chirico F, Rizzo A, Yıldırım M. Meaning in Life and Loneliness as Mediators between COVID-19 Anxiety and Life Satisfaction in the Post-Pandemic among the General Population in Turkey: A Serial Mediation Model. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2214-2225. [PMID: 37887157 PMCID: PMC10606174 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global society, leading to negative well-being and mental health outcomes. However, little is known about how COVID-19-related anxiety affects life satisfaction through psychological factors. This study examined the mediating roles of meaning in life and loneliness in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction in 333 Turkish general population (59.2% females; Mage = 33.9 ± 7.8). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 anxiety, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and loneliness. The results showed that COVID-19 anxiety predicted meaning in life, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Meaning in life predicted loneliness and life satisfaction, while loneliness predicted life satisfaction. Serial mediation analysis revealed that COVID-19 anxiety predicts life satisfaction through meaning in life and loneliness, even after controlling for age and gender. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction, with implications for future research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Güney Çağış
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, 33110 Mersin, Turkey;
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Fırat Mahallesi Yeni Üniversite Caddesi No: 2 AE/1, 04100 Merkez/Ağrı, Turkey;
| | - Gülçin Güler Öztekin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Fırat Mahallesi Yeni Üniversite Caddesi No: 2 AE/1, 04100 Merkez/Ağrı, Turkey;
| | - Izaddin Ahmad Aziz
- Special Education Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44002, Iraq;
- English Department, College of Education, Bayan University, Erbil 44002, Iraq
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, 00184 Milan, Italy
| | - Amelia Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Fırat Mahallesi Yeni Üniversite Caddesi No: 2 AE/1, 04100 Merkez/Ağrı, Turkey;
- Graduate Studies and Research, Lebanese American University, Beirut 13-5053, Lebanon
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11
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Butaney B, Hoover EB, Coplan B, Bernard K. Impact of COVID-19 on student perceived stress, life satisfaction, and psychological flexibility: examination of gender differences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37773729 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2258411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify stress management practices and examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being among male and female physician assistant (PA) students. Participants: Participants included 1,239 students from nine PA programs who matriculated pre-pandemic, acute pandemic, or post-acute pandemic. Methods: Measures included questions about stress management practices and validated instruments assessing perceived stress, life satisfaction, and psychological flexibility. Data were analyzed for differences based on year and gender. Results: Exercise (91.6%), yoga (54.6%), meditation (34.3%), and journaling (32.5%) were commonly reported stress reduction practices. Newly matriculated PA students adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic differently based on gender. Pre-pandemic, men and women reported similar levels of perceived stress and psychological flexibility, but female students reported higher life satisfaction. Post-acute pandemic, however, female students reported higher perceived stress and lower psychological flexibility. Conclusions: Wellness resources may be strengthened by approaches that account for differences based on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupin Butaney
- Clinical Psychology Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Eve B Hoover
- Physician Assistant Program, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bettie Coplan
- Physician Assistant Program, Northern Arizona University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kari Bernard
- Alaska Native Medical Center in Anchorage, Alaska, USA
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12
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Kaya A, Mukba G, Özok Hİ. A Person-Centered Approach to Emotional Security: Latent Profile Analysis of the Dark Triad and Psychological Symptoms. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231203561. [PMID: 37738659 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231203561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined emotional security utilizing a person-centered approach. Therefore, in the present study, we conceptualized a multidimensional construct that includes psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) and the dark triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). Applying latent profile analysis (LPA) allows the exploration of the interaction of emotional security with the dark triad traits and psychological symptoms in the sample at the level of sub-classes. Depression, stress, anxiety, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were determined as profile indicators. Moreover, satisfaction with life and the psychological well-being of the sub-classes were predicted. Data were gathered from 558 participants (418 females, %74.9) with an average age of 22.44 years). LPA indicated four distinct profiles: 'High emotional security and low psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (22%), 'Low emotional security and high psychological symptoms, dark triad traits' (5%), 'Low emotional security and moderate dark triad traits' (28%), 'Moderate emotional security, psychological symptoms, and dark triad traits' (45%). Mixture modeling approach-based research provides a complementary view of the previous psychopathology literature. The findings could help practitioners target at-risk university students with low emotional security, low psychological well-being, and low life satisfaction and design programs to aid them in alleviating the psychological symptoms and the dark triad traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Kaya
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Gamze Mukba
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Özok
- Department of Mesurament and Assessment, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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13
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Jones EE, Reed M, Meyer AH, Gaab J, Ooi YP. Stress, mental health and sociocultural adjustment in third culture kids: exploring the mediating roles of resilience and family functioning. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1093046. [PMID: 37645063 PMCID: PMC10461105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This cross-sectional study explores the contributions of personal and contextual factors in the adjustment process of a sample of internationally mobile children and adolescents having relocated to Switzerland. Based on evolutionary developmental theories and recommendations by Research Domain Criteria and The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology theoretical frameworks, we hypothesized and tested a heuristic model of TCK adjustment, aiming to identify prevention and treatment targets tailored for our sampled population. Methods We assessed the relationships in the hypothesized models, particularly how perceived and acculturative stress influence TCK adjustment and whether the relationship between the predictors of TCK stress and the outcomes of TCK adjustment are mediated by resilience and family functioning. A total of 143 participants aged 7-17, having relocated internationally with their working parent(s), recruited in local and international schools in Switzerland, were included in this study. Data were collected using an online survey after we collected consent. We assessed factors of adjustment using validated questionnaires: perceived stress and acculturative stress and the potential mediating roles of family functioning and resilience. We measured the outcome of adjustment through mental health difficulties and sociocultural adjustment. We used path analysis to test the model. Results Results highlight the contributions of perceived stress and acculturative stress to TCK mental health and sociocultural adjustment. We also we found a mediation effect for resilience in the relationship between perceived stress and mental health. Family functioning was not a significant mediator in any relationship that we assessed. Discussion We discuss implications for future research, promoting TCK adjustment and preventative psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Gaab
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yoon P. Ooi
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Arslan G. Dysfunctional parenting and emotional problems and substance misuse: Enhancing psychological flexibility in college students. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37466377 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2237930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between dysfunctional parenting (i.e., dysfunctional parent modes) and emotional problems and substance misuse among Turkish college students. Participants were 466 undergraduate students (69% female) aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 21.46, SD = 3.31) from a public university in Turkey. The majority of participants in the study reported never or infrequent use of tobacco, alcohol, and prescription drugs, with daily or almost daily use reported by less than a quarter of the sample for each substance. Results showed that higher levels of dysfunctional parent modes were associated with increased emotional problems and substance misuse. Moreover, psychological flexibility mediated the relationship between dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems, as well as both mediated and moderated the relationship between dysfunctional parent modes and substance misuse. Results from the study also showed that people in the at-risk group for substance misuse reported higher levels of dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems, as well as lower levels of psychological flexibility than the typical group. These results suggest that psychological flexibility may play a significant role in the link between dysfunctional parent modes and emotional problems and substance misuse among Turkish college students. Future research should investigate whether interventions targeting psychological flexibility could be effective in reducing emotional problems and substance misuse among students with dysfunctional parent modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Kruger JM, De Klerk JJ. A pathway to greater meaning in life and well-being for senior executives beset by anti-meaning. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187913. [PMID: 37533714 PMCID: PMC10390789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although work is a significant source of meaning for most people, the role of senior executive generates different meaning and well-being complexities than those experienced or faced by general employees. This study explored how meaning and anti-meaning components affect senior executives' experiences of meaning in life and well-being. The findings enabled devising a pathway to enhance senior executives' net experiences of meaning in life and well-being. Methods A cross-sectional, semi-structured interview study design was used to gather rich qualitative data. Eight participants from southern and eastern Africa, who had held the position of chief executive officer or managing director for at least five years, were interviewed. Results The findings demonstrated that senior executives' work roles provide a significant source of meaning. However, the roles are accompanied by unavoidable anti-meanings, which are likely to generate additional anti-meanings if not tempered sufficiently, thus reducing the net meaning experienced. Discussion From the findings, a practical pathway was devised to assist top executives to deal with the bipolar relationship between meaning and anti-meaning. Consulting and counseling practitioners can utilize the pathway to guide, support, and counsel senior executives towards improved meaning, temper anti-meaning and improve well-being.
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Sun RW, Lau EYY, Cheung SH, Chan CK. Meaning in Life, Social Axioms, and Emotional Outcomes during the First Outbreak of COVID-19 in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6224. [PMID: 37444072 PMCID: PMC10341675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Social unrest, coupled with the outbreak of COVID-19, was a double-hit for Hong Kong in early 2020. Those stressful societal situations not only trigger negative emotions, such as anxiety and/or depression, but also consolidate a person's belief towards oneself (i.e., meaning in life) and society (i.e., social axioms). The study included 2031 participants from the Formation and Transformation of Beliefs in Chinese (FTBC) project dataset. The data were collected in Hong Kong from February 2020 to March 2020 (double-hit). Path analysis and multiple regression were used to examine the mediating and moderating effects of the presence subscale (P) of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) on the relations between social axioms and negative emotions. Results showed that low MLQ-P mediated the associations between cynicism and negative emotions and between low religiosity and negative emotions and moderated the relation between social cynicism and emotional outcomes. Exploratory analyses showed that MLQ-Search (S) mediated the relations between reward for application and negative emotions, between social complexity and negative emotions, and between fate control and negative emotions, and moderated the relation between religiosity and stress. As far as we know, this study reported the first evidence of the role of meaning in life in explaining and modifying the associations between social axioms and mood states. The presence of and search for meaning in life seem to work differently with respect to the relations between social axioms and negative emotions, with important implications for understanding the dynamics of social and personal beliefs in affecting mental health in times of large-scale public crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Wei Sun
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong;
| | | | - Sing-Hang Cheung
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Chi-Keung Chan
- School of Arts and Humanities, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong;
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17
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Zhao F, Cui Z, Zhao X, Liu W. Did COVID-19 affect rural households' subjective well-being? A social survey from rural China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 92:103736. [PMID: 37197331 PMCID: PMC10168195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Improving rural households' subjective well-being is an important element of economic and social revitalization in the post-epidemic period. Based on the survey data obtained from rural households in Hubei Province, the center of the outbreak in China, and its surrounding areas, this paper explores the impact mechanisms of the COVID-19 epidemic on subjective well-being from both economic and sociological perspectives with the help of structural equation modeling. The results show that COVID-19 significantly influenced rural households' subjective well-being in China. Furthermore, COVID-19 indirectly affected their subjective well-being by influencing optimism. The negative impact is moderated by government intervention and income resilience. Therefore, strengthening the emergency management capacity of local governments and encouraging the diversification of rural households' income sources are important strategies to effectively resolve epidemic shocks and improve the level of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Zhuo Cui
- School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
- School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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18
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Sun Y, Zeng H, Ye Z, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Liu N, Wu H, Bian X. Social isolation, psychological distress and resilience of Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37036071 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been 3 years since the first appearance of COVID-19 in China. During this time, social isolation was widely used as an important method to fight it. However, this measure had many negative effects on the mental health of college students. To better understand this issue, this study aims to explore the impact of social isolation and COVID-19-related stress on psychological distress among Chinese college students. Additionally, resilience has been evaluated as a key component of stress resistance in this situation. Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used in this study. A total of 388 Chinese college students participated in the survey via the Internet. Two groups (isolated group vs. non-isolated group) were divided according to whether they have been isolated from their classmates and families. Data analysis adopts t-test, F test and mediate effect analysis by SPSS21.0. (1) All factors, except resilience, were found to have lower scores in the isolated group; (2) significant correlations were found between all factors; (3) resilience partially mitigated the impact of COVID-19 stress on psychological symptoms. Social isolation has been found to be a significant factor contributing to negative psychological distress in Chinese college students. The COVID-19-related stress may increase the likelihood of psychological suffering among isolated group. Resilience can help reduce the negative effects of COVID-19 stress on college students. Therefore, providing appropriate psychological support tailored to different isolation situations is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueYi Sun
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HanJin Zeng
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Zhuang Ye
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HuangYueYing Yang
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - YeXiao Liu
- Psychiatry Department, Zhangjiagang Fourth People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, P.R.China
| | - ShuYue Zhu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HaiYing Wu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - XiaoHua Bian
- School of Educational Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, P.R.China
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19
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Arslan G. Mediating effect of fear and externality of happiness in the association between psychological maltreatment and psychological well-being. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:707-718. [PMID: 34293976 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1950783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether psychological maltreatment predicts young adults' psychological well-being through fear of happiness and externality of happiness. The current study included 490 young adults from a public university in an urban city in Turkey. Participants were 36% male, and they ranged in age from 18 to 39 years (M= 21.77, SD = 2.40). Findings from the study revealed that psychological maltreatment had a significant predictive effect on psychological well-being, fear of happiness, and externality of happiness. Further, fear of happiness and externality of happiness mediated the impact of psychological maltreatment on psychological well-being. These findings indicate that fear and externality of happiness are important sources that can help to explain the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and psychological well-being among young adults. Therefore, there is a need to design a more comprehensive prevention and intervention approach for improving people's psychological well-being in the context of psychological maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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20
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Fang S, Ding D. The relationship between stressful life events and school engagement for junior high school students in China: A serial mediation model. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/01430343231155621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between stressful life events (SLE) and school engagement and to determine if there are some likely mediating variables between them. A sample of 1517 Chinese junior high school students (51.5% female) completed the adolescent self-rating life events checklist (ASLEC), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-student (UWES-s), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and positive psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ). The model was calculated using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. The serial mediator model revealed a significant negative effect of SLE on school engagement through psychological flexibility and psychological capital (effect = −.08, 95% CI [−.10, −.06]). There was also a direct mediating effect through psychological capital (effect = −.17, 95% CI [−.21, −.13]). The results of the present study may help to clarify mechanisms that might explain the association between SLE and school engagement. Future research on improving school engagement should consider the critical roles of psychological flexibility and psychological capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghu Fang
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Dongyan Ding
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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21
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de Klerk JJ. Searching for meaning in a disruptive world – Constructing a lexicon of the meanings of meaning. SA JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4102/sajip.v49i0.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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22
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Gundogan S. The Relationship of COVID-19 Student Stress with School Burnout, Depression and Subjective Well-Being: Adaptation of the COVID-19 Student Stress Scale into Turkish. THE ASIA-PACIFIC EDUCATION RESEARCHER 2023; 32. [PMCID: PMC8760107 DOI: 10.1007/s40299-021-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused psychological problems in all age groups since it emerged from the first day. One of the most important groups has been affected negatively during the COVID-19 pandemic process are university students. One of the negative situations caused by the pandemic process in university students is student stress caused by COVID-19. To assess stress situations in Italian culture, the COVID-19 student stress scale (CSS-S) has been developed. In this context, the aim of this study was to adapt the CSS-S into Turkish. Another aim of the study was to investigate the direct and indirect relationships of COVID-19 student stress with school burnout, depression and subjective well-being. The participants of the study were 485 Turkish university students. The values obtained with the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the factor structure of CSS-S is satisfying (χ2/df = 2.99, AGFI = .95, TLI = .93, CFI = .96, IFI = .96, REMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Moreover, it was found that school burnout has a mediating role in the relationship between COVID-19 student stress and depression and subjective well-being (χstructure of CSS-S is satisfying/df = 2.41, AGFI = .87, TLI = .91, CFI = .91, IFI = .91, REMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05). These findings imply that psychosocial intervention studies to reduce COVID-19 student stress can reduce students' school burnout and depression. It also implies that these psychosocial intervention studies can have a positive impact on students' subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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23
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Chiesi F, Marunic G, Tagliaferro C, Lau C. The psychometric properties and gender invariance of the Italian version of the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (I-PVDQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:321. [PMID: 36581890 PMCID: PMC9797899 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire (PVDQ) measures beliefs associated with personal susceptibility to infectious diseases and behaviors or perceptions in the presence of potential risk of pathogen transmission. Given the onset of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 global pandemic, otherwise known as the COVID-19 pandemic, the construct being measured may function differently based on affective, behavioral, and cognitive changes along with the need to change norms and lifestyles in a global context. The present study aims to test the psychometric properties and the gender invariance of the Italian adaptation of the PVDQ to confirm that the scale can be used with Italian-speaking people, and that it functions effectively during a pandemic. METHODS A total of 509 participants filled out an online questionnaire including the Italian version of the I-PVDQ (I-PVDQ) and several measures of psychological constructs. Reliability and factor analyses (single and multigroup) were conducted. Bayesian correlation tests and Bayesian independent sample t-tests were used to assess the validity of I-PVDQ. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the I-PVDQ, and factor loadings loaded appropriately onto perceived infectability (PI) and germ aversion (GA). In terms of invariance, the scale showed configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across genders. Decisive evidence in favor of correlation with the measure of COVID-19 related fears for both PI and GA was found. There was strong evidence for observed correlations with COVID-19 related constructs such as intolerance to uncertainty, psychological inflexibility, resilience, stress, and anxiety. Women showed higher GA than men, while there were no gender differences in PI. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that the I-PVDQ confirms the psychometric properties of the original version and that can be used to detect PVD when it is affected by environmental circumstances since its functioning is preserved during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Salvi 12-Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
| | - Georgia Marunic
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Via San Salvi 12-Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Chloe Lau
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cheng K, Liao J. Coping with Coronavirus Pandemic: Risk Perception Predicts Life Optimism. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 24:351-371. [PMID: 36406048 PMCID: PMC9647752 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern worldwide, how can optimism be maintained during an outbreak of a collective pandemic? We propose that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of a pandemic. In Study 1 (N = 599), through a large-scale cross-sectional design, we showed the indirect effect of risk perception on optimism through perceived control and negative affect with structural equation modeling. In Study 2 (N = 191), we manipulated perceived risk of the pandemic and determined that experiencing a high-risk pandemic psychologically led to decreased optimism. Finally, through Study 3 (N = 186) and Study 4 (N = 217), we revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism can be extended to overall subjective well-being and confirmed the indirect effects via perceived control and negative affect. These findings indicate that risk perception can make a difference in one's life optimism during a high-risk pandemic. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect are notable intermediary variables. Measures that strengthen publicity and transparency regarding recovery rates should be taken to help reduce public perceptions of risk and promote an optimistic life attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jiangqun Liao
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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25
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Avsec A, Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Kocjan GZ, Kavčič T. Coping styles mediate the association between psychological inflexibility and psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A crucial role of meaning-centered coping. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022; 26:201-209. [PMID: 36247215 PMCID: PMC9536873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
People's psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly affected by their psychological inflexibility. One possible mechanism explaining the association between psychological inflexibility and psychological functioning concerns coping styles. While avoidance and approach coping styles were previously found to mediate this association, the mediating role of meaning-centered coping has not yet been explored. However, meaning-centered coping it is likely to be crucial in circumstances as uncertain as those at the onset of the COVID -19 pandemic. This study explored the mediating role of the three coping styles in the relationship of psychological inflexibility with ill-being and well-being. Slovenian adults (N = 1365) aged 18-81 years provided self-reports on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the PERMA Profiler, the Brief COPE Inventory, and the Meaning-Centered Coping Scale. In the context of the highly stressful beginning of the pandemic, psychological inflexibility contributed to higher ill-being and lower well-being directly and through increased use of avoidance coping, decreased use of meaning-centered coping, and, to a lesser extent, decreased use of approach coping. Avoidance coping predicted higher levels of ill-being, suggesting a maladaptive effect of this coping strategy. Approach coping positively but weakly predicted well-being, indicating a diminished value of this coping style in low-controllable circumstances of the pandemic. Finally, meaning-centered coping appeared to be the most beneficial in such circumstances, as it was associated with both lower levels of ill-being and higher levels of well-being. This finding suggests that meaning-centered coping should be studied as a stand-alone strategy, rather than as a combination of specific approach coping strategies. Consistent with previous research, this study demonstrates the importance of psychological inflexibility in effectively adapting to and actively coping with aversive situations. Furthermore, the results suggest that seeking or making meaning is vital, at least in a context characterized by low levels of control and high levels of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Avsec
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Gaja Zager Kocjan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kavčič
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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SATICI SA, OKUR S. Investigating the link between psychological maltreatment, shyness, hope, and wellbeing. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zarowsky Z, Rashid T. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-36. [PMID: 36196257 PMCID: PMC9523176 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense of community, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zarowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Cervigni M, Gallegos M, Martino P, Calandra M, Rey Anacona CA, López-Calle C, Moreta-Herrera R, Chacón-Andrade ER, Lobos-Rivera ME, del Carpio P, Quintero Y, Robles E, Panza Lombardo M, Gamarra Recalde O, Buschiazzo Figares A, White M, Burgos-Videla C. Cross-national measurement invariance of the Purpose in Life Test in seven Latin American countries. Front Psychol 2022; 13:974133. [PMID: 36186323 PMCID: PMC9524452 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Purpose in Life Test (PIL) is a measure of purpose in life widely used in many cultures and countries; however, cross-cultural assessments are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PIL in the general population of seven Latin American countries (Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay). A total of 4306 people participated, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, where Uruguay has the highest mean age (M = 41.8; SD = 16.6 years); while Ecuador has the lowest mean age (M = 24.6; SD = 7.8 years). Furthermore, in each country, there is a higher proportion of women (>60%) than men (<40%). Using Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the factorial structure does not show evidence of invariance among the included countries. However, based on the Multi-Group Factor Analysis Alignment, there is evidence that a three-dimensional structure of the PIL (Meaning of existence, Freedom to make meaning in daily life and Will to find meaning in the face of future challenges) is the same in the participating countries. Results based on item response theory indicate that most PIL items can significantly differentiate responses according to the level of life purpose. In addition, people with low life purpose will tend to choose the lower response alternatives on the PIL; while people with higher life purpose will choose higher response alternatives. The findings indicate that the PIL has the potential to increase knowledge about how people conceive and experience their purpose in life in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicología, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Pablo Martino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuel Calandra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Edgardo René Chacón-Andrade
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Erika Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Macerlo Panza Lombardo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Este, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Michael White
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Educación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Hasani F. Mindfulness and psychological well-being in adolescents: the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2022; 9:22. [PMID: 36059027 PMCID: PMC9441221 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-022-00192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is a critical period of growth. Mental health during adolescence is one of the most important determinants of mental health in adulthood. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being of adolescents considering the mediating role of self-compassion, emotional dysregulation and cognitive flexibility. METHODS The method of this research is cross-sectional. The research population was adolescents (elementary, first and second high school) in Zanjan, Iran in 2021, whose approximate number was 14,000. Data through adolescent mindfulness questionnaires (Brown, West, Loverich, and Biegel, 2011), short form of psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff and Keyes, 1995), short form of self-compassion scale (Raes et al., 2011), difficulty in Emotion regulation (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) and cognitive flexibility (Dennis and Vander Wal, 2010) were collected. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS-26 and lisrel-10.2 software. RESULTS According the results, in addition to the fact that mindfulness is directly and positively related to psychological well-being (p < 0.05), it is also indirectly through self-compassion and Cognitive flexibility has a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being and also mindfulness has an indirect, negative and significant relationship with psychological well-being through emotional dysregulation (p < 0.05). The results supported the goodness of model fit and confirmation of hypotheses. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is recommended that practitioners provide the basis for promoting psychological well-being through mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, self-compassion and cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fereshteh Hasani
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Cervigni M, Gallegos M, Martino P, Calandra M, Anacona CAR, López-Calle C, Moreta-Herrera R, Chacón-Andrade ER, Lobos-Rivera ME, del Carpio P, Quintero Y, Robles E, Lombardo MP, Recalde OG, Figares AB, White M, Videla CB, Carbajal-León C. Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the purpose in life test - Short form (PIL-SF) in seven Latin American countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35915774 PMCID: PMC9331043 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to test the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PIL-SF in a sample of people from seven Latin American countries. Additionally, the characteristics of the PIL-SF items were evaluated and to assess the relationship between purpose in life, as measured by the PIL-SF, and fear of COVID-19. A total of 4306 people from seven Latin American countries participated in the study. The results indicated that the PIL-SF is invariant in the seven participating countries and, therefore, there is evidence that the items reflect the purpose of life in the same way in all countries. This allows comparisons of purpose in life between countries that are free of bias, reflecting the true differences in how countries respond to items. From IRT, the discrimination parameters are adequate and indicate that the items cover a wide range of the purpose in life construct. The difficulty parameters are adequate and increase monotonically. This indicates that people would need a higher level of purpose in life to respond to the higher response categories. Thus, the PIL-SF items would be useful in determining people with a relatively high degree of purpose in life. Identifying people with different levels of purpose in life would allow them to be part of intervention programs, either to support those with low levels or to maintain and reinforce their purpose in life. The evidence of cross-country measurement invariance of the PIL-SF provides a measure to be used in cross-cultural studies about the meaning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Martino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel Calandra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Edgardo René Chacón-Andrade
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Erika Robles
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Michael White
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Educación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Carmen Burgos Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
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Pellerin N, Raufaste E, Corman M, Teissedre F, Dambrun M. Psychological resources and flexibility predict resilient mental health trajectories during the French covid-19 lockdown. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10674. [PMID: 35739290 PMCID: PMC9219392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of lockdowns and the Covid-19 pandemic situation have negatively impacted mental health (anxiety, depression). However, little is known about individual differences in the longitudinal reactions to lockdown. We designed a longitudinal study (a) to identify the various trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population during and after lockdown; (b) to determine which positive psychological resources prevent individuals from falling into groups with the most severe trajectories; (c) to test the mediating role of psychological flexibility. We collected and analysed longitudinal data on a sample of French participants (N = 1399, Mage = 43.4; SDage = 12; 87.8% women) during the end of the first lockdown. Participants were asked to report their psychological resources and (in)flexibility at baseline and symptoms of anxiety and depression at each measurment occasion (five weekly observations from 17 March to 11 May 2020, including baseline). Using growth mixture modelling, seven dynamic profiles of symptoms were identified: four for depression and three for anxiety. Resilience emerged as the most frequent trajectory. Wisdom, optimism, hope, self-efficacy and peaceful disengagement significantly prevented individuals from belonging to the symptomatic groups. Moreover, psychological flexibility emerged as a significant mediator of these effects. This study highlights the importance of cultivating protective factors and psychological flexibility to prevent mental health damage during potentially traumatic events (PTE) and to favour resilience trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pellerin
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Raufaste
- CLLE, CNRS UMR 5263, Universite Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures (UT2J), 5 Allees A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Maya Corman
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Michael Dambrun
- LAPSCO, CNRS UMR 6024, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Yu J. Research on the Intervention and Prevention of College Students' Mental Health Crisis From the Perspective of Ideological and Physical Education. Front Public Health 2022; 10:905905. [PMID: 35812494 PMCID: PMC9257002 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.905905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study has aimed to understand the intervention and prevention of the mental health crisis of college students. For this purpose, this study has checked the effect of trust in wellbeing information on preventive behavior and mental wellbeing. The target population taken for this study is the students of colleges situated in Mainland in China. The data was collected from the 458 students of the college. Smart PLS has been employed on the data to get the results using partial least square structural equation modeling. For this purpose, the data were analyzed in two stages, i.e., measurement model stage and the structural model stage. Results of this study have revealed that trust in wellbeing information plays a significant and positive role in setting preventive behavior and the mental wellbeing of students. Further, it has also been revealed that preventive behavior also plays a significant and positive role in mental wellbeing. Additionally, preventive behavior has been found as an important mediating variable among the relationship of trust in wellbeing information and mental wellbeing. Moreover, family support is crucial by positively moderating the relationship between preventive behavior and mental wellbeing. Many practical implications have been found among which the foremost is that the education institutes must undertake those efforts that aim to ensure the fairness in the information spread regarding the mental wellbeing during seminars, workshops and administration should play a positive role responsible for strengthening the mental health of students by managing ideas, improving student education management, innovating management techniques and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- College of Sports and Leisure, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Mohideen F, Heintzelman SJ. Routines and Meaning in Life: Does Activity Content or Context Matter? PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2022:1461672221085797. [PMID: 35473466 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221085797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
People feel that their lives are more meaningful while engaging in behaviors more closely aligned with their routines. Does the behavioral content of these routines and the contextual factors surrounding their enactment matter for this relationship? In two experience sampling studies (N = 93, 1,512 episodes; N = 97, 1,629 episodes), we test whether the relationship between routines and meaning in life (MIL) depends on the content of the activities. We found that the degree to which one's current activity is a routine positively related to momentary MIL beyond other meaningful features (e.g., relationships, goals, prosociality) of that activity. We conducted Study 2 in the context of mass routine disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found even stronger relationships between routine enactment and concurrent MIL in this context which held controlling for factors, including perceived chaos, mood, and anxiety. These findings suggest that routines uniquely relate to MIL, beyond the meaningfulness of their content and across contexts.
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Schnell T, Krampe H. Meaningfulness protects from and crisis of meaning exacerbates general mental distress longitudinally. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:285. [PMID: 35448989 PMCID: PMC9023037 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic are diverse, and both mental distress and existential crises can arise. The identification of protective and exacerbating factors and their progress over time is therefore highly relevant. The current study examined longitudinal protective effects of meaningfulness and exacerbating effects of crisis of meaning on general mental distress. METHODS N = 431 participants from Germany and Austria (mean age: 42 years) completed an online survey in both April/May (T1) and July/August 2020 (T2). After determining temporal stability or changes in meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and general mental distress (PHQ-4), we examined whether (i) meaningfulness and (ii) crisis of meaning, measured at T1, incrementally predicted PHQ-4 at T2, beyond baseline levels of PHQ-4. We further tested (iii) a within-subject mediation of temporal changes in PHQ-4 by changes in crisis of meaning. RESULTS Meaningfulness prospectively predicted lower PHQ-4, and crisis of meaning predicted higher PHQ-4. From the first wave of the pandemic until a slowdown three months later, meaningfulness was stable, and crisis of meaning and PHQ-4 decreased. Changes in crisis of meaning mediated the changes in PHQ-4. CONCLUSIONS Meaningfulness appears to have a protective, and crisis of meaning an exacerbating effect on psychological distress, as shown here for the time of the first pandemic wave until three months later. Attention to existential experiences of meaningfulness and loss of meaning thus proves relevant to the clinical and public health context. Measures that support meaningfulness will help coping with crises of meaning, which in turn supports overcoming general mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Schnell
- Psychology of Religion and Existential Psychology, Social Sciences, MF Specialized University, Gydas vei 4, 0363, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Psychology, Existential Psychology Lab, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Ditton E, Knott B, Hodyl N, Horton G, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Assessing the Efficacy of an Individualized Psychological Flexibility Skills Training Intervention App for Medical Student Burnout and Well-being: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e32992. [PMID: 35119378 PMCID: PMC8857701 DOI: 10.2196/32992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical student burnout is a prevalent problem with adverse long-term outcomes. Incorporating psychological resource-building interventions into comprehensive burnout prevention approaches during medical training is an identified priority among educators. These interventions could reduce burnout risk by buffering students against nonmodifiable career stressors. However, there is a need for rigorous investigation into optimal intervention targets and methods. Psychological flexibility (PF) is an adaptive behavioral skill set that has demonstrated relationships with medical student burnout and well-being. More broadly, there is evidence that PF mediates burnout and well-being outcomes and may be a protective factor. Efficacy studies assessing the benefits of interventions targeting PF among medical students are needed. Research also supports the need to establish optimal methods for increasing intervention efficacy in the context of individual differences in burnout and PF by using individualized approaches. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess whether an app-delivered PF intervention (Acceptance and Commitment Training) reduces burnout and improves well-being among medical students. We will examine whether changes in burnout and well-being are mediated by changes in PF. The potential benefits of an individualized version of the app versus those of a nonindividualized version will also be evaluated. METHODS In this 3-arm, parallel, randomized controlled study, a sample of medical students will be randomly allocated to 1 of 3 intervention arms (individualized, nonindividualized, and waiting list) by using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Participants in the individualized and nonindividualized intervention arms will have 5 weeks to access the app, which includes a PF concepts training session (stage 1) and access to short PF skill activities on demand (stage 2). Stage 2 will be either individualized to meet participants' identified PF training needs at each log-in or nonindividualized. RESULTS Burnout, well-being, and PF will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Quantitative analyses will include descriptive and inferential statistics. We hypothesize that the Acceptance and Commitment Training intervention app will be effective in improving burnout and well-being and that changes in these outcomes will be mediated by changes in PF. We further hypothesize that participants in the individualized intervention group will demonstrate greater improvements in burnout and well-being outcomes than those in the nonindividualized group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study could guide the development of burnout prevention and well-being initiatives for medical students. Identifying PF as a mediating process would provide support for the delivery of preventive intervention programs that train individuals to strengthen this psychological resource before burnout symptoms emerge. This would be an important step in addressing and potentially offsetting the significant costs of burnout among medical students and physicians. Demonstrating the superiority of an individualized version of the app over a nonindividualized version would have implications for enhancing intervention precision and efficacy by using scalable interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12621000911897; https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12621000911897.aspx. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/32992.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ditton
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Nicolette Hodyl
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Graeme Horton
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Frederick Rohan Walker
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Psychological Flexibility, Coronavirus Anxiety, Humor and Social Media Addiction During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2022; 44:220-242. [PMID: 35125562 PMCID: PMC8796603 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-021-09461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychological flexibility is associated with psychological health and affected by various factors. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of coronavirus anxiety, humor and social media addiction on psychological flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Variables were measured with online self-report surveys and data were gathered from December 2020 to January 2021 in Turkey. The sample consisted of 376 people (295 female, M = 29.88, SD = 11.05). The relationships between the variables were tested with path analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM). According to results, the constructed model showed that COVID-19 anxiety significantly and directly increased social media addiction (β = .17, p < .01), decreased coping humor (β = -.11, p < .05) and decreased psychological flexibility indirectly through social media addictions (β = -.08, p < .01). Humor coping significantly and directly increased psychological flexibility (β = .25, p < .01), and social media addiction significantly and directly decreased psychological flexibility (β = -.31, p < .01). Findings indicated that psychological flexibility is influenced by coronavirus anxiety, social media addiction and humor coping. Supporting humor coping and reducing anxiety and problematic social media use would be helpful to enhance psychological flexibility of individuals during the pandemic.
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M, Zangeneh M, Ak İ. Benefits of Positive Psychology-Based Story Reading on Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2022; 15:781-793. [PMID: 35013685 PMCID: PMC8731136 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-021-09891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of complete mental health in school context has recently begun to attract a lot of attention. Positive psychology interventions are often associated with improvement in mental health outcomes, but few studies have examined whether story reading is an intervention that is linked with indicators of complete mental health. This study investigated the effects of story reading interventions on both positive and negative indicators of mental health over time for a group of Turkish grade 10 high school students (n = 53). These included 33 students in a story reading group and 20 in a control group for comparison. The results showed that story reading led to improvement in students' mindfulness, optimism, happiness, and positive emotions, and also caused reduction in depression, anxiety, pessimism, and other negative emotions over a 5-week period, with a small to large effect sizes. The obtained results are discussed in the context of their implications for potential psychological interventions in high school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - İsmail Ak
- Isparta Provincial Directorate of National Education, Isparta, Turkey
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Kılınç M, Arslan G, Çakar FS, Yıldırım M. Psychological maltreatment, coping flexibility, and death obsession during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-mediation analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35013658 PMCID: PMC8731192 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent psychological studies have reported that child maltreatment is a common issue during the COVID-19 pandemic, with negative factor leading to greater risk of occurrence of mental health problems. However, the relationship between psychological maltreatment and psychological factors is complex. Understanding the factors, which may help to provide interventions, is a critical step for mental health providers. This study aims to examine the relationships between psychological maltreatment, coping flexibility, coronavirus anxiety, coronavirus stress, and death distress. We collected data from 394 Turkish young adults (76% male: average age 21.36 ± 2.57 years) during the outbreak of COVID-19. The results of multi-mediation analysis showed that psychological maltreatment was positively related to the death obsession. More importantly, this relationship could be explained through the mediated effects of coping flexibility, coronavirus anxiety, and coronavirus stress. This study highlights the non-negligible role of psychological maltreatment in affecting death obsession and the role of coping flexibility in explaining the psychological influence of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Meulenbroeks R, van Joolingen WR. Students' self-reported well-being under corona measures, lessons for the future. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08733. [PMID: 35071809 PMCID: PMC8761700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As education was forced to go fully online in early 2020 as a consequence of the imposed lockdowns, concerns were raised related to student well-being. This study examines student well-being at the science faculty of a large urban university in the Netherlands within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory, a sub-theory of Self-Determination Theory. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining the results of an online student survey with 16 Likert-scale questions as well as two open ended questions (2228 participants, corresponding to a response rate of 32%) with a student focus group interview. The Likert-scale questions were subjected to factor analyses and reveal problems with well-being in four areas: study, personal worries, personal well-being, and societal worries. The analyses of the answers to the open ended questions as well as the focus group data show that students are positive on the autonomy offered by the inherent flexibility of online education, e.g., as a consequence of reduced travel time. However, the psychological needs of competence and relatedness are seriously undermined during times of lockdown, mainly because of poorer student-teacher interaction, lack of structure, loneliness, and helplessness. Students state that they need more support in these areas, for example by on-campus meetings whenever possible, psychological support, improvements in online education, online social events, adequate communication, and leniency in the interpretation of regulations and deadlines. Implications are discussed.
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Sharif Nia H, Gorgulu O, Naghavi N, Robles-Bello MA, Sánchez-Teruel D, Khoshnavay Fomani F, She L, Rahmatpour P, Allen KA, Arslan G, Pahlevan Sharif S. Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, and Financial Distress in Determining Depression: The Mediating Role of Impact of Event During COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:754831. [PMID: 34777060 PMCID: PMC8581494 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.754831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between spiritual well-being, social support, and financial distress with depressive symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A path analysis was used to analyze data collected from 1,156 Iranian participants via an online survey. The results showed that spiritual well-being and social support were negatively related to depressive symptoms and financial distress. The impact of COVID-19 events showed negative associations with depressive symptoms. In addition, the link between spiritual well-being and financial distress with depressive symptoms was partially mediated by the impact of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ozkan Gorgulu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Information, Faculty of Medicine, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Navaz Naghavi
- Taylor's Business School, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - María Auxiliadora Robles-Bello
- Area of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Teruel
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Long She
- Faculty of Business and Law, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pardis Rahmatpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, The Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Agrawal S, Krishna SM. Communication Apprehension and Psychological Well-Being of Students in Online Learning. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:145. [PMID: 34821606 PMCID: PMC8614880 DOI: 10.3390/bs11110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic has modified how education, learning, and technology interact with one another inside universities. The usage of technology for instructional purposes raises the question of whether learning that happens in an online environment is as effective as traditional classroom models. Within this context, this study explores the psychological well-being of students during the COVID-19 pandemic, using an online cross-sectional survey. Data were collected from 246 university students currently studying at a private university in India. Hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modelling were used to study the mediating effects between communication apprehension, perceived learning, and psychological well-being under the moderating effects of intention to use social media and psychological stress. Results show that higher intentions to use social media alleviated the negative effects of communication apprehension on perceived learning. Interestingly, it was also found that perceived learning had a significant positive relationship with psychological well-being when students experienced higher levels of psychological stress (eustress). Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the transactional theory of stress and coping, we attempt to integrate the findings related to these theories, which can be considered distinct to previous studies. Implications, limitations, and future directions for research and practice have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Agrawal
- Department of Information Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
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Todorova I, Albers L, Aronson N, Baban A, Benyamini Y, Cipolletta S, del Rio Carral M, Dimitrova E, Dudley C, Guzzardo M, Hammoud R, Fadil Azim DH, Hilverda F, Huang Q, John L, Kaneva M, Khan S, Kostova Z, Kotzeva T, Fathima M, Anto MM, Michoud C, Awal Miah MA, Mohr J, Morgan K, Nastase ES, Neter E, Panayotova Y, Patel H, Pillai D, Polidoro Lima M, Qin DB, Salewski C, Sankar KA, Shao S, Suresh J, Todorova R, Tomaino SCM, Vollmann M, Winter D, Xie M, Xuan Ning S, Zlatarska A. "What I thought was so important isn't really that important": international perspectives on making meaning during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:830-857. [PMID: 34650834 PMCID: PMC8510597 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1981909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the physical and mental health of people everywhere. The aim of the study is to understand how people living in 15 countries around the globe experience an unexpected crisis which threatens their health and that of loved ones, and how they make meaning of this disruption in their narratives. METHODS Data were collected through an anonymous online survey during May-September 2020, which was during or just after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the country. The questionnaire included demographic and three open-ended questions as prompts for stories about experiences during the initial months of the pandemic. The text was analyzed through inductive thematic content analysis and quantified for full sample description, demographic and subsequently international comparisons. RESULTS The final qualitative dataset included stories from n = 1685 respondents. The sample was 73.6% women and 26.4% men. The mean age of participants was 39.55 years (SD = 14.71). The identified four groups of overarching themes were: The presence and absence of others; Rediscovering oneself; The meaning of daily life; Rethinking societal and environmental values. We discuss the prevalence of each theme for the sample as a whole and differences by demographic groups. The most prevalent theme referred to disruptions in interpersonal contacts, made meaningful by the increased appreciation of the value of relationships, present in (45.6%) of stories. It was more prevalent in the stories of women compared to men (χ² = 24.88, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS The paper provides a detailed overview of the methodology, the main themes identified inductively in the stories and differences according to select demographic variables. We identify several major ways of making meaning of the pandemic. The pandemic has impacted many aspects of people's lives which give it meaning, no matter where they live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Todorova
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Aronson
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yael Benyamini
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabrina Cipolletta
- Department of General Psychology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria del Rio Carral
- Research Center for Psychology of Health, Aging and Sport Examination (PHASE), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elitsa Dimitrova
- Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Claire Dudley
- Department of Psychology, St. Lawrence University Canton, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Guzzardo
- Department of Human Development and Women's Studies, California State University, East Bay, CA, USA
| | - Razan Hammoud
- Department of General Psychology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Darlina Hani Fadil Azim
- Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons School of Medicine (PURCSI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Femke Hilverda
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Huang
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Liji John
- Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Thrissur, India
| | - Michaela Kaneva
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjida Khan
- Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zlatina Kostova
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tatyana Kotzeva
- Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M.A. Fathima
- Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Thrissur, India
| | - Milu Maria Anto
- Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Thrissur, India
| | - Chloé Michoud
- Research Center for Psychology of Health, Aging and Sport Examination (PHASE), Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Mohr
- Fakultät für Psychologie, Fernuniversität, Hagen, Germany
| | - Karen Morgan
- School of Health Psychology, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Hemali Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhanya Pillai
- Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons School of Medicine (PURCSI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manuela Polidoro Lima
- Hospital da Liga Norte Riograndense Against Cancer in Natal, and INSA Institute Prepares - CESAC, Natal, Brazil
| | - Desiree Baolian Qin
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - K. Anu Sankar
- Department of Psychology, Prajyoti Niketan College, Thrissur, India
| | - Sabrina Shao
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeevanisha Suresh
- Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons School of Medicine (PURCSI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ralitsa Todorova
- Department of Psychology, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Manja Vollmann
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Winter
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sam Xuan Ning
- Perdana University Royal College of Surgeons School of Medicine (PURCSI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Perceived risk, Positive Youth-Parent Relationships, and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents: Initial Development of the Meaningful School Questionnaire. CHILD INDICATORS RESEARCH 2021; 14:1911-1929. [PMID: 34400981 PMCID: PMC8358253 DOI: 10.1007/s12187-021-09841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This novel paper aimed to develop the Meaningful School Questionnaire (MSQ) to assess meaning in life in school context and examined whether meaningful school serves as a moderator on the links between the coronavirus risk, youth-parent relationships, and internalizing problems. Participants included 383 adolescents (38.4% male; Mean = 14.23 ± 2.04). Factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution: purpose-enjoyment and responsible understanding. Meaningful school moderated the mediating effect of positive youth-parent relations on the association between coronavirus risk and internalizing problems. Findings suggest that students with greater life meaning exhibit more internalizing problems when coronavirus risk is high and positive youth-parent relationships is low. This evidence supports that life meaning is key to foster the psychological health of young people during the pandemic. Thus, meaning-based intervention strategies could be developed to improve youths' sense of life meaning and purpose in the school context, which in turn enhance their resilience to foster their mental health and flourishing. These programs could facilitate youths to cope with stressful experiences such as the coronavirus pandemic by promoting their protective and promotive resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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44
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Waters L, Allen KA, Arslan G. Stress-Related Growth in Adolescents Returning to School After COVID-19 School Closure. Front Psychol 2021; 12:643443. [PMID: 34093323 PMCID: PMC8174561 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.643443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The move to remote learning during COVID-19 has impacted billions of students. While research shows that school closure, and the pandemic more generally, has led to student distress, the possibility that these disruptions can also prompt growth in is a worthwhile question to investigate. The current study examined stress-related growth (SRG) in a sample of students returning to campus after a period of COVID-19 remote learning (n = 404, age = 13-18). The degree to which well-being skills were taught at school (i.e., positive education) before the COVID-19 outbreak and student levels of SRG upon returning to campus was tested via structural equation modeling. Positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and strengths use in students were examined as mediators. The model provided a good fit [χ 2 = 5.37, df = 3, p = 0.146, RMSEA = 0.044 (90% CI = 0.00-0.10), SRMR = 0.012, CFI = 99, TLI = 0.99] with 56% of the variance in SRG explained. Positive education explained 15% of the variance in cognitive reappraisal, 7% in emotional processing, and 16% in student strengths use during remote learning. The results are discussed using a positive education paradigm with implications for teaching well-being skills at school to foster growth through adversity and assist in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Waters
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. A Longitudinal Examination of the Association Between Meaning in Life, Resilience, and Mental Well-Being in Times of Coronavirus Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645597. [PMID: 33995201 PMCID: PMC8113805 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease possesses an important threat to people's health and well-being. The purpose of the present study is to longitudinally examine whether meaning in life before the pandemic increases resilience and mental well-being during the coronavirus pandemic. The sample of the study comprised 172 young adults (72% women) in a public university in an urban city of Turkey. Participants ranged in age between 18 and 40 years (M = 20.87, SD = 3.92). Mediation analyses were performed to examine the impacts of meaning in life on the outcomes across the two waves of data. Findings from these analyses revealed that meaning in life before the pandemic had a significant predictive effect on resilience and mental well-being of young adults during the coronavirus disease. Resilience also mediated the impacts of meaning in life on mental well-being indicators at the second time. These results suggest the importance of meaning-based preventions and interventions designed to build up resilience experiences for improving psychological health and well-being during a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.,International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M, Leung MM. Mediating Effect of Personal Meaning in the Prediction of Life Satisfaction and Mental Health Problems Based on Coronavirus Suffering. Front Psychol 2021; 12:638379. [PMID: 33796048 PMCID: PMC8008149 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research Problem: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a multi-faceted crisis worldwide. Researchers and health authorities in various parts of the world echoed the dire condition of the public's mental health. This study sought to examine the mediating effect of personal meaning on the association between coronavirus (COVID-19)-related suffering, mental health problems, and life satisfaction. Participants included 231 adults (mean age = 46.65 ± 13.98; 68% female) and completed measures of suffering related to COVID-19, meaning, life satisfaction, and mental health problems online. Results: Findings from mediation analysis showed that suffering had significant associations with personal meaning, mental health, and well-being. Furthermore, personal meaning was significantly associated with adults' mental health and well-being and mediated the negative effect of suffering on mental health and well-being. Discussion: Overall, results from this study indicate that personal meaning is an important promotive factor that may help to understand the negative effect of coronavirus-related suffering on mental health and well-being amid the public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Ağri İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms: a study of moderated mediation model. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1882273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, BurdurMehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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48
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Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 19:2423-2439. [PMID: 32837425 PMCID: PMC7272108 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is currently a global health threat attributed to negatively affecting the mental health and well-being of people globally. The purpose of the present study is to examine the mediating role of optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility in the relationship of coronavirus stress with psychological problems among Turkish adults. The sample of the study included 451 adults (55% women). Participants mainly consisted of young adults with a mean age of 23.30 years, ranging from 18 to 65 years (SD = 6.97). A mediation model indicated that coronavirus stress had a significant predictive effect on optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological problems. Further, optimism-pessimism and psychological inflexibility mediated the effect of coronavirus stress on psychological problems in adults. Lastly, optimism-pessimism predicted the psychological problems of adults through psychological inflexibility. These results elucidate our understanding of the role of mediators in coronavirus stress and psychological health problems. The findings are useful in terms of providing evidence for tailoring interventions and implementing preventative approaches to mitigate the psychopathological consequences of COVID-19. Based on the present findings, the potential utility of acceptance and commitment therapy is discussed within the context of COVID-19.
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