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Ioannou M, Simon MS, Borkent J, Wijkhuijs A, Berghmans R, Haarman BC, Drexhage HA. Higher T central and lower effector memory cells in bipolar disorder: A differentiation abnormality? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100764. [PMID: 38600952 PMCID: PMC11004065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the nature of T cell abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD). With the use of multicolor flow cytometry, we first quantified the composition of the different memory and pro-inflammatory immune subpopulations in samples of 58 patients with BD and compared them to 113 healthy controls. Second, to assess if cytomegalovirus infection was related to the resulted immune subpopulation compositions in the two groups, we measured cytomegalovirus-specific antibodies in serum. Thirdly, we assessed differences between the two groups in the serum levels of the immune cell differentiation factor interleukin-7. Compared to healthy controls, patients showed significantly higher T helper-17, T regulatory and T central memory cells (CD4+ and CD8+). Besides, patients showed significantly lower CD4+ T effector memory and CD4+ T effector memory re-expressing RA cells. Cytomegalovirus infection was not related to the observed abnormalities, with the exception of T helper-17 cells. This immune subpopulation was significantly higher only in patients seropositive to cytomegalovirus infection. Finally, interleukin-7 levels were significantly lower in BD compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, the aberrant levels of T memory cell populations in BD may suggest a T cell differentiation abnormality. The role of interleukin-7 in this putative abnormality should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalini Ioannou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria S. Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny Borkent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Wijkhuijs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam and University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raf Berghmans
- Advanced Practical Diagnostics BV, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Bartholomeus C.M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam and University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Hunt AL, Khan I, Wu AML, Makohon-Moore SC, Hood BL, Conrads KA, Abulez T, Ogata J, Mitchell D, Gist G, Oliver J, Wei D, Chung MA, Rahman S, Bateman NW, Zhang W, Conrads TP, Steeg PS. The murine metastatic microenvironment of experimental brain metastases of breast cancer differs by host age in vivo: a proteomic study. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:229-249. [PMID: 37917186 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer in young patients is known to exhibit more aggressive biological behavior and is associated with a less favorable prognosis than the same disease in older patients, owing in part to an increased incidence of brain metastases. The mechanistic explanations behind these findings remain poorly understood. We recently reported that young mice, in comparison to older mice, developed significantly greater brain metastases in four mouse models of triple-negative and luminal B breast cancer. Here we have performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to identify proteins potentially contributing to age-related disparities in the development of breast cancer brain metastases. Using a mouse hematogenous model of brain-tropic triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231BR), we harvested subpopulations of tumor metastases, the tumor-adjacent metastatic microenvironment, and uninvolved brain tissues via laser microdissection followed by quantitative proteomic analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize differentially abundant proteins potentially contributing to age-dependent rates of brain metastasis. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in signaling pathways, particularly in the metastatic microenvironment, modulating tumorigenesis, metabolic processes, inflammation, and neuronal signaling. Tenascin C (TNC) was significantly elevated in all laser microdissection (LMD) enriched compartments harvested from young mice relative to older hosts, which was validated and confirmed by immunoblot analysis of whole brain lysates. Additional in vitro studies including migration and wound-healing assays demonstrated TNC as a positive regulator of tumor cell migration. These results provide important new insights regarding microenvironmental factors, including TNC, as mechanisms contributing to the increased brain cancer metastatic phenotype observed in young breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Hunt
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Annandale, VA, 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex M L Wu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Zymeworks Inc, Vancouver, BC, V5T 1G4, Canada
| | - Sasha C Makohon-Moore
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Brian L Hood
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Tamara Abulez
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Jonathan Ogata
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Dave Mitchell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Glenn Gist
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Julie Oliver
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Debbie Wei
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Monika A Chung
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Samiur Rahman
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Surgery, The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Annandale, VA, 22042, USA.
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Recent Advances in the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of gp120-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101599. [PMID: 35626635 PMCID: PMC9139548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal degeneration and loss of synapses are often seen in different brain areas of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nevertheless, the underlying causes of the pathological alterations observed in these individuals are poorly comprehended, considering that HIV does not infect neurons. Experimental data have shown that viral proteins, including the envelope protein gp120, cause synaptic pathology followed by neuronal cell death. These neurotoxic effects on synapses could be the result of a variety of mechanisms that decrease synaptic plasticity. In this paper, we will briefly present new emerging concepts connected with the ability of gp120 to promote the degeneration of synapses by either directly damaging the axonal cytoskeleton and/or the indirect activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor death domain in dendrites.
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Pignataro G, Cataldi M, Taglialatela M. Neurological risks and benefits of cytokine-based treatments in coronavirus disease 2019: from preclinical to clinical evidence. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2149-2174. [PMID: 33512003 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency and hyperinflammation are responsible for the most frequent and life-threatening forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, cytokine-based treatments targeting immuno-inflammatory mechanisms are currently undergoing clinical scrutiny in COVID-19-affected patients. In addition, COVID-19 patients also exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations (neuro-COVID), which may also benefit from cytokine-based treatments. In fact, such drugs have shown some clinical efficacy also in neuroinflammatory diseases. On the other hand, anti-cytokine drugs are endowed with significant neurological risks, mainly attributable to their immunodepressant effects. Therefore, the aim of the present manuscript is to briefly describe the role of specific cytokines in neuroinflammation, to summarize the efficacy in preclinical models of neuroinflammatory diseases of drugs targeting these cytokines and to review the clinical data regarding the neurological effects of these drugs currently being investigated against COVID-19, in order to raise awareness about their potentially beneficial and/or detrimental neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Ceccarelli M, Rullo EV, Facciolà A, Madeddu G, Cacopardo B, Taibi R, D'Aleo F, Pinzone MR, Picerno I, di Rosa M, Visalli G, Condorelli F, Nunnari G, Pellicanò GF. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with human papillomavirus in people living with HIV: a systematic review. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17171-17180. [PMID: 29682214 PMCID: PMC5908315 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years we assisted to an increase in the mean age of People Living with HIV and their comorbidities. Especially, there was an increase in Human Papillomavirus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Despite their increasing incidence in HIV-positive people, mechanisms that lead to their development and progression are only partially understood. The aim of this review is to identify key data and factors about HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in HIV-seropositive patients. Systematic search and review of the relevant literature-peer-reviewed and grey-was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We included in our review only the 35 full-text articles we considered the most substantial. It is mandatory to improve our knowledge about the interactions existing between HPV and HIV, and about their actions on oral mucosa immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ceccarelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bruno Cacopardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Medical Oncology A, National Cancer Institute of Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aleo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marilia Rita Pinzone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isa Picerno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Condorelli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nunnari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of The Adult and The Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Aiello FB, Guszczynski T, Li W, Hixon JA, Jiang Q, Hodge DL, Massignan T, Di Lisio C, Merchant A, Procopio AD, Bonetto V, Durum SK. IL-7-induced phosphorylation of the adaptor Crk-like and other targets. Cell Signal 2018; 47:131-141. [PMID: 29581031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 is required for T cell differentiation and mature T cell homeostasis and promotes pro-B cell proliferation and survival. Tyrosine phosphorylation plays a central role in IL-7 signaling. We identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting and mass spectrometry sixteen tyrosine phosphorylated proteins from the IL-7-dependent cell line D1. IL-7 stimulation induced the phosphorylation of the proteins STI1, ATIC and hnRNPH, involved in pathways related to survival, proliferation and gene expression, respectively, and increased the phosphorylation of CrkL, a member of a family of adaptors including the highly homologous Crk isoforms CrkII and CrkI, important in multiple signaling pathways. We observed an increased phosphorylation of CrkL in murine pro-B cells and in murine and human T cells. In addition, IL-7 increased the association of CrkL with the transcription factor Stat5, essential for IL-7 pro-survival activity. The selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib. counteracted the IL-7 pro-survival effect in D1 cells and decreased CrkL phosphorylation. These data suggested that CrkL could play a pro-survival role in IL-7-mediated signaling. We observed that pro-B cells also expressed, in addition to CrkL, the Crk isoforms CrkII and CrkI and therefore utilized pro-B cells conditionally deficient in all three to evaluate the role of these proteins. The observation that the IL-7 pro-survival effect was reduced in Crk/CrkL conditionally-deficient pro-B cells further pointed to a pro-survival role of these adaptors. To further evaluate the role of these proteins, gene expression studies were performed in Crk/CrkL conditionally-deficient pro-B cells. IL-7 decreased the transcription of the receptor LAIR1, which inhibits B cell proliferation, in a Crk/CrkL-dependent manner, suggesting that the Crk family of proteins may promote pro-B cell proliferation. Our data contribute to the understanding of IL-7 signaling and suggest the involvement of Crk family proteins in pathways promoting survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca B Aiello
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Tad Guszczynski
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, FCRDC, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Wenqing Li
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Deborah L Hodge
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, FCRDC, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Tania Massignan
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche M. Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Anand Merchant
- Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Antonio D Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Medical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via Tronto 10, 60100 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bonetto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche M. Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milano, Italy.
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bldg 560, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Lei X, Cai S, Chen Y, Cui J, Wang Y, Li Z, Li Y. Down-regulation of interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) contributes to central nervous system demyelination. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28395-28407. [PMID: 28415697 PMCID: PMC5438658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) has been associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), though the mechanisms are not clear. Because myelin expression is highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals, zebrafish have become an ideal model for studying demyelination. We used a transgenic (Tg; mbp:nfsB-egfp) zebrafish line in which oligodendrocytes expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the larval stage to adulthood. Exposing adult transgenic zebrafish to metronidazole induced demyelination that resembled the morphological changes associated with the early stages of MS. The metronidazole-induced demyelination was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the first time. Microarray analysis revealed down-regulation of IL-7R during demyelination. Targeted knockdown of IL-7R demonstrated that IL-7R is essential for myelination in embryonic and larval zebrafish. Moreover, IL-7R down-regulation induced signaling via the JAK/STAT pathway leading to apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of IL-7R in demyelination, and provide a rationale for the development of IL-7R-based therapies for MS and other demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shijiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China
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Bao C, Wang B, Yang F, Chen L. Blockade of Interleukin-7 Receptor Shapes Macrophage Alternative Activation and Promotes Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2017; 371:518-527. [PMID: 29069618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are implicated in the pathological processes and functional recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Macrophage activation following inflammation depends on networks of interferons and cytokines. Recent evidence indicate that IL-7 signaling can influence the release of proinflammatory factors, however, its roles in modulating macrophage phenotype and function and whether it could affect the functional recovery of SCI are poorly understood. Here, we show that, in a murine SCI model, IL-7 is promptly and vastly induced in injured spinal cord, and that blockade of IL-7 signaling with anti-IL-7Rα mAb (A7R34) favors the generation of M2 phenotype macrophages by affecting the cytokine productions in T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells. Furthermore, IL-7 displays strong chemotactic property for macrophages and A7R34 treatment inhibits their infiltration into injured sites in vivo. More importantly, the A7R34 treatment promotes functional recovery after SCI, indicating its therapeutic effects on spinal cord repair. Hence, our study proposes a new therapeutic strategy to treat SCI by blocking IL-7 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Fubing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Hospital, China.
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9
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Dunham J, van Driel N, Eggen BJ, Paul C, 't Hart BA, Laman JD, Kap YS. Analysis of the cross-talk of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells with T cells in the marmoset. Clin Transl Immunology 2017; 6:e127. [PMID: 28243437 PMCID: PMC5311918 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known association of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a lymphocryptovirus (LCV), with multiple sclerosis, a clear pathogenic role for disease progression has not been established. The translationally relevant experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in marmoset monkeys revealed that LCV-infected B cells have a central pathogenic role in the activation of T cells that drive EAE progression. We hypothesized that LCV-infected B cells induce T-cell functions relevant for EAE progression. In the current study, we examined the ex vivo cross-talk between lymph node mononuclear cells (MNCs) from EAE marmosets and (semi-) autologous EBV-infected B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs). Results presented here demonstrate that infection with EBV B95-8 has a strong impact on gene expression profile of marmoset B cells, particularly those involved with antigen processing and presentation or co-stimulation to T cells. At the cellular level, we observed that MNC co-culture with B-LCLs induced decrease of CCR7 expression on T cells from EAE responder marmosets, but not in EAE monkeys without clinically evident disease. B-LCL interaction with T cells also resulted in significant loss of CD27 expression and reduced expression of IL-23R and CCR6, which coincided with enhanced IL-17A production. These results highlight the profound impact that EBV-infected B-LCL cells can have on second and third co-stimulatory signals involved in (autoreactive) T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Dunham
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, University Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki van Driel
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Jl Eggen
- Department of Neuroscience, University Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chaitali Paul
- Department of Neuroscience, University Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, University Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Groningen, University Medical Center , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda S Kap
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk, The Netherlands
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10
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Splicing Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines: At the Interface of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2073-100. [PMID: 26371053 PMCID: PMC4598789 DOI: 10.3390/biom5032073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing plays a key role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, allowing a single gene to encode multiple protein isoforms. As such, alternative splicing amplifies the coding capacity of the genome enormously, generates protein diversity, and alters protein function. More than 90% of human genes undergo alternative splicing, and alternative splicing is especially prevalent in the nervous and immune systems, tissues where cells need to react swiftly and adapt to changes in the environment through carefully regulated mechanisms of cell differentiation, migration, targeting, and activation. Given its prevalence and complexity, this highly regulated mode of gene expression is prone to be affected by disease. In the following review, we look at how alternative splicing of signaling molecules—cytokines and their receptors—changes in different pathological conditions, from chronic inflammation to neurologic disorders, providing means of functional interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Switches in alternative splicing patterns can be very dynamic and can produce signaling molecules with distinct or antagonistic functions and localization to different subcellular compartments. This newly discovered link expands our understanding of the biology of immune and neuroendocrine cells, and has the potential to open new windows of opportunity for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Estaquier J, Zaunders J, Laforge M. HIV integrase and the swan song of the CD4 T cells? Retrovirology 2013; 10:149. [PMID: 24321528 PMCID: PMC4029360 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell apoptosis represents one pathophysiological mechanism associated with AIDS. Herein, we discuss the recent report published by A. Cooper et al. in Nature (June 2013) regarding HIV viral DNA integration-mediated apoptosis.
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Nano-NRTIs demonstrate low neurotoxicity and high antiviral activity against HIV infection in the brain. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:177-85. [PMID: 23845925 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antiviral therapy using nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) is neurotoxic and has low efficiency in eradication of HIV-1 harbored in central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we reported that active 5'-triphosphates of NRTIs encapsulated in cationic nanogels (nano-NRTIs) suppress HIV-1 activity more efficiently than NRTIs and exhibit reduced mitochondrial toxicity [Vinogradov SV, Poluektova LY, Makarov E, Gerson T, Senanayake MT. Nano-NRTIs: efficient inhibitors of HIV type-1 in macrophages with a reduced mitochondrial toxicity. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2010; 21:1-14. Makarov E, Gerson T, Senanayake T, Poluektova LY, Vinogradov. Efficient suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Macrophages by Nano-NRTIs. Antiviral Res. 2010; 86(1):A38-9]. Here, we demonstrated low neurotoxicity and excellent antiviral activity of nano-NRTIs decorated with the peptide (AP) binding brain-specific apolipoprotein E receptor. Nano-NRTIs induced lower levels of apoptosis and formation of reactive oxygen species, a major cause of neuron death, than free NRTIs. Optimization of size, surface decoration with AP significantly increased brain accumulation of nano-NRTIs. The efficient CNS delivery of nano-NRTIs resulted in up to 10-fold suppression of retroviral activity and reduced virus-associated inflammation in humanized mouse model of HIV-1 infection in the brain. Our data provide proof of the advanced efficacy of nano-NRTIs as safer alternative of current antiviral drugs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of investigators demonstrated low neurotoxicity and excellent anti-HIV activity of nano-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors decorated with the peptide (AP) binding brain-specific apolipoprotein E receptor, providing proof of enhanced efficacy and a safer alternative compared with current antiviral drugs.
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Ashbaugh JJ, Brambilla R, Karmally SA, Cabello C, Malek TR, Bethea JR. IL7Rα contributes to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through altered T cell responses and nonhematopoietic cell lineages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4525-34. [PMID: 23530149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A mutation in the IL7Rα locus has been identified as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. IL7Rα has well documented roles in lymphocyte development and homeostasis, but its involvement in disease is largely understudied. In this study, we use the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS to show that a less severe form of the disease results when IL7Rα expression is largely restricted to thymic tissue in IL7RTg(IL7R-/-) mice. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, IL7RTg(IL7R-/-) mice exhibited reduced paralysis and myelin damage that correlated with dampened effector responses, namely decreased TNF production. Furthermore, treatment of diseased WT mice with neutralizing anti-IL7Rα Ab also resulted in significant improvement of EAE. In addition, chimeric mice were generated by bone marrow transplant to limit expression of IL7Rα to cells of either hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic origin. Mice lacking IL7Rα only on hematopoietic cells develop severe EAE, suggesting that IL7Rα expression in the nonhematopoietic compartment contributes to disease. Moreover, novel IL7Rα expression was identified on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes endogenous to the CNS. Chimeric mice that lack IL7Rα only on nonhematopoietic cells also develop severe EAE, which further supports the role of IL7Rα in T cell effector function. Conversely, mice that lack IL7Rα throughout both compartments are dramatically protected from disease. Taken together, these data indicate that multiple cell types use IL7Rα signaling in the development of EAE, and inhibition of this pathway should be considered as a new therapeutic avenue for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Ashbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Kan AA, de Jager W, de Wit M, Heijnen C, van Zuiden M, Ferrier C, van Rijen P, Gosselaar P, Hessel E, van Nieuwenhuizen O, de Graan PNE. Protein expression profiling of inflammatory mediators in human temporal lobe epilepsy reveals co-activation of multiple chemokines and cytokines. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:207. [PMID: 22935090 PMCID: PMC3489559 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic and often treatment-refractory brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures originating from the hippocampus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying mTLE remain largely unknown. Recent clinical and experimental evidence supports a role of various inflammatory mediators in mTLE. Here, we performed protein expression profiling of 40 inflammatory mediators in surgical resection material from mTLE patients with and without hippocampal sclerosis, and autopsy controls using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. In mTLE patients we identified 21 upregulated inflammatory mediators, including 10 cytokines and 7 chemokines. Many of these upregulated mediators have not previously been implicated in mTLE (for example, CCL22, IL-7 and IL-25). Comparing the three patient groups, two main hippocampal expression patterns could be distinguished, pattern I (for example, IL-10 and IL-25) showing increased expression in mTLE + HS patients compared to mTLE-HS and controls, and pattern II (for example, CCL4 and IL-7) showing increased expression in both mTLE groups compared to controls. Upregulation of a subset of inflammatory mediators (for example, IL-25 and IL-7) could not only be detected in the hippocampus of mTLE patients, but also in the neocortex. Principle component analysis was used to cluster the inflammatory mediators into several components. Follow-up analyses of the identified components revealed that the three patient groups could be discriminated based on their unique expression profiles. Immunocytochemistry showed that IL-25 IR (pattern I) and CCL4 IR (pattern II) were localized in astrocytes and microglia, whereas IL-25 IR was also detected in neurons. Our data shows co-activation of multiple inflammatory mediators in hippocampus and neocortex of mTLE patients, indicating activation of multiple pro- and anti-epileptogenic immune pathways in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Kan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina de Wit
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cobi Heijnen
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrill Ferrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Rijen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Gosselaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Hessel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno van Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre N E de Graan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Körner C, Tolksdorf F, Riesner K, Krämer B, Schulte D, Nattermann J, Rockstroh JK, Spengler U. Hepatitis C coinfection enhances sensitization of CD4(+) T-cells towards Fas-induced apoptosis in viraemic and HAART-controlled HIV-1-positive patients. Antivir Ther 2012; 16:1047-55. [PMID: 22024520 DOI: 10.3851/imp1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we identified increased rates of CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis in HCV-infected HIV-positive patients as a potential mechanism for enhanced mortality in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Since this effect might be attributed to changes in receptor-induced apoptosis, we studied expression and function of Fas ligand (FasL) and its death receptor Fas on CD4(+) T-cells in HIV/HCV coinfection. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we simultaneously analysed surface expression of Fas and FasL on CD4(+) T-cells and serum levels of soluble FasL in HCV/HIV-coinfected, HIV-monoinfected and HCV-monoinfected patients. Susceptibility to FasL-induced apoptosis was analysed by incubating isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with rhFasL followed by measuring CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis. RESULTS HIV and HCV monoinfection were associated with significantly enhanced surface expression of Fas. Highest Fas expression was detected in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and correlated with low CD4(+) T-cell counts. By contrast, elevated levels of soluble and cellular FasL were found only in patients with HIV infection, but not in patients with HCV infection. Importantly, enhanced Fas expression in HCV/HIV coinfection rendered CD4(+) T-cells more susceptible towards FasL-induced apoptosis. While effective HAART normalized expression and secretion of FasL in HIV-infected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, expression of Fas decreased only slightly and still remained significantly elevated as compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a synergistic mechanism in HIV/HCV coinfection between up-regulation of Fas expression on CD4(+) T-cells and HIV-induced elevated levels of cellular and soluble FasL. Together, both effects contribute to enhanced apoptosis of CD4(+) T-cells in HIV/HCV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Jiang W. Microbial Translocation and B Cell Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 8:44-51. [PMID: 23869197 PMCID: PMC3712352 DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2012.44.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gut mucosal barrier disrupted in HIV disease, resulting in increased systemic exposure to microbial products such as Lipo Polys Accharide (LPS). The association of enhanced microbial translocation and B cell dysfunction in HIV disease is not fully understood. High dose and short term exposure of microbial Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists were used as vaccine adjuvants, however, low dose and long term exposure of TLR agonists could be harmful. The characteristics of B cell dysfunction in HIV disease included B cell, especially memory B cell depletion, enhanced levels of autoimmune antibodies and impaired vaccine or antigen responsiveness. This review discusses and explores the possibility of the effect of microbial translocation on memory B cell depletion and impaired vaccine responses in HIV infection. By determining the mechanisms of B cell depletion and perturbations in HIV disease, it may be possible to design interventions that can improve immune responses to vaccines, reduce selected opportunistic infections and perhaps slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, Deaprtment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashly Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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From genes to function: the next challenge to understanding multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:408-17. [PMID: 19444306 DOI: 10.1038/nri2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is jointly determined by genetic and environmental factors, and progress has been made in defining some of these genetic associations, as well as their possible interactions with the environment. However, definitive proof for the involvement of specific genetic determinants in the disease will only come from studies that examine their functional roles in disease pathogenesis. New and combined approaches are needed to analyse the complexity of gene regulation and the functional contribution of each genetic determinant to disease susceptibility or pathophysiology. These studies should proceed in parallel with the use of genetically defined human populations to explore how both genetic and environmental factors affect the function of the pathways in individuals with and without disease, and how these determine the inherited risk of multiple sclerosis.
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Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-7 splice variants affect differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Genes Immun 2009; 11:11-20. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Singh AK, Jiang Y, Gupta S. Effects of chronic alcohol drinking on receptor-binding, internalization, and degradation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope protein gp120 in hepatocytes. Alcohol 2007; 41:591-606. [PMID: 17980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although alcohol drinking increases susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, possible mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol are not yet known. Since the HIV envelope protein gp120 plays a key role in progression of HIV infection, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity and degradation of gp120 in hepatocytes isolated from liver of alcohol-preferring rats drinking either 15% ethanol in water or pure water for 70 days. The hypothesis was that alcohol drinking augmented the toxicity, but suppressed degradation of gp120. Hepatocytes from water-drinking rats (C-cells) or ethanol-drinking rats (Et-cells) were treated with laptacystin, anti-CD4 antibodies, CCR5 antagonist, or mannose, followed by [(125)I]gp120 or native gp120. At predetermined intervals, control (C) and ethanol exposed (Et) cells were analyzed for toxicity and degradation of gp120. In C-cells, [(125)I]gp120 binding and internalization peaked within 5-45 min and remained elevated for up to 10h and then decreased gradually. In Et-cells, [(125)I]gp120 binding peaked comparably to C-cells, but the binding remained to the peak level throughout the experimental period. C-cells exhibited the lysosomal/ubiquitin-mediated degradation of intracellular gp120, resulting in released gp120 fragments into the incubation medium that suppressed gp120-CD4 binding, improved cell viability, and inhibited gp120-induced apoptosis. Ethanol drinking suppressed gp120 degradation in and release of gp120 fragments from hepatocytes. The incubation medium of Et-cells did not suppress gp120-CD4 binding or the gp120-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes. Thus, chronic alcohol drinking augmented the adverse effects of gp120 possibly by suppressing its degradation in hepatocytes. The present observation also suggests that a number of CCR5 or ubiquitin-based therapeutic drugs may not be effective in suppressing HIV infection in alcohol-drinking subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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Centlivre M, Sala M, Wain-Hobson S, Berkhout B. In HIV-1 pathogenesis the die is cast during primary infection. AIDS 2007; 21:1-11. [PMID: 17148962 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3280117f7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The chronic stage of HIV-1 infection has been extensively described as a slowly evolving phase, in which the virus induces T-cell death slightly faster than the human body is able to recover. In contrast, T-cell and viral replication dynamics during primary infection have been less well studied. Recent studies in the SIV-macaque model and in HIV-positive patients during the acute infection period have highlighted the massive and irreversible depletion of CD4 memory T cells in the mucosa, particularly in the gut. Hence, gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) plays a central role in the early stages of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Due to its particular cytokine expression pattern, GALT may favour the differential replication of certain HIV-1 subtypes during primary infection, particularly of subtype C. This could enhance the chance of a successful transmission. Moreover, these early events taking place in GALT during primary infection have major implications for therapy and vaccine design.
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Managlia EZ, Landay A, Al-Harthi L. Interleukin-7 induces HIV replication in primary naive T cells through a nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT)-dependent pathway. Virology 2006; 350:443-52. [PMID: 16542695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 02/08/2006] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-7 plays several roles critical to T cell maturation, survival, and homeostasis. Because of these functions, IL-7 is under investigation as an immune-modulator for therapeutic use in lymphopenic clinical conditions, including HIV. We reported that naive T cells, typically not permissive to HIV, can be productively infected when pre-treated with IL-7. We evaluated the mechanism by which IL-7-mediates this effect. IL-7 potently up-regulated the transcriptional factor NFAT, but had no effect on NFkappaB. Blocking NFAT activity using a number of reagents, such as Cyclosporin A, FK-506, or the NFAT-specific inhibitor known as VIVIT peptide, all markedly reduced IL-7-mediated induction of HIV replication in naive T cells. Additional neutralization of cytokines present in IL-7-treated cultures and/or those that have NFAT-binding sequences within their promotors indicated that IL-10, IL-4, and most significantly IFNgamma, all contribute to IL-7-induction of HIV productive replication in naive T cells. These data clarify the mechanism by which IL-7 can overcome the block to HIV productive infection in naive T cells, despite their quiescent cell status. These findings are relevant to the treatment of HIV disease and understanding HIV pathogenesis in the naive CD4+ T cell compartment, especially in light of the vigorous pursuit of IL-7 as an in vivo immune modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Z Managlia
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison Street, 614 Cohn, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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