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Ward-Smith C, Sorsdahl K, van der Westhuizen C. An investigation into symptoms of depression and anxiety and emotion regulation among older adolescents from low-income settings in South Africa. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 132:152476. [PMID: 38552349 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health conditions (MHC) among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa, are estimated to be high. Adaptive emotion regulation (ER) skills can protect against MHC among adolescents. In South Africa, there is limited adolescent mental health prevalence data as well as little understanding of the associations between MHC and ER among adolescents. This study aimed to address these gaps by describing the psychosocial characteristics of older South African adolescents from low-income settings as well as investigating associations between depression and anxiety symptoms and ER. METHODS We selected 12 schools in collaboration with two NGOs. Learners aged 15-18-years were recruited to complete a tablet-based survey. ER, depression, anxiety, and other psychosocial measures were included. Two multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, other psychosocial factors, and ER. RESULTS Of the 733 participants from 12 Western Cape schools, 417 (56.90%) screened at risk for clinically significant anxiety symptoms, 423 (57.70%) participants for depression symptoms, 229 (31.40%) participants for PTSD symptoms and 263 (35.90%) for risky alcohol use. Depression and anxiety scores were found to be significantly positively correlated with ER difficulties and adolescents struggled most with identifying and utilizing adaptive ER strategies. The adjusted linear regression model reported that female gender, clinically significant depressive, anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms and risky-alcohol use were all significantly associated with poorer ER scores, while self-esteem was significantly associated with better ER scores. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the South African adolescent mental health literature and to the research gap on the links between depression and anxiety and ER. Future research should consider further exploration of the relationships between psychosocial factors and ER to inform the urgent development and testing of appropriate adolescent interventions in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ward-Smith
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - K Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C van der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Sánchez-Castro JC, Pilz González L, Arias-Murcia SE, Mahecha-Bermeo VA, Stock C, Heinrichs K. Mental health among adolescents exposed to social inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1342361. [PMID: 38660361 PMCID: PMC11041031 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean grow up in a context of social inequality, which diminishes their well-being and leads to impaired emotional-cognitive development. To understand the problem, it is important to synthesize the available research about it. This study aims to explore the knowledge about adolescents' mental health in Latin America and the Caribbean exposed to social inequality. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted encompassing a search in five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS) in June 2022. Articles of various typologies were included without time limit. After two rounds of screening, relevant data were manually extracted and synthesized into self-constructed themes using thematic analysis. Results Out of 8,825 retrieved records, 42 papers were included in the final review, with a predominance of quantitative approaches. The synthesis revealed two main analytical themes: (a) defining social inequality, wherein intersecting inequalities produce discrimination and determine conditions for social vulnerability; (b) social inequality and mental health, which highlights the association between socio-structural difficulties and emotional problems, amplifying vulnerability to mental ill health and poor mental health care. Conclusion The scientific evidence reveals that social inequality is related to impaired well-being and mental ill health on the one hand and a lack of access to mental health care on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Carolina Sánchez-Castro
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Pilz González
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Heinrichs
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Relvas AP, Lacomba-Trejo L, Portugal A, Chiarolanza C, Major S, Rosa C, Sotero L, Randall AK. YES, WE COPE: Dyadic Coping as a Mediator Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Emotional Representation of COVID-19. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1-11. [PMID: 37363748 PMCID: PMC10156576 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about social changes that have impacted the functioning and dynamics of couples in a romantic relationship, arising from the overwhelming amount of added stress they have endured. Specifically, the divorce rate in Portugal has increased after lockdown, which underscores the adverse consequences of COVID-19 on couples. A lower quality of the couple's relationship may worsen the emotional representation of COVID-19; however, the literature suggests that perceived partner dyadic coping responses have a great influence on adverse events. The aim of the present study was to assess the mediating role of partner coping in the association between relationship quality and emotional representation of COVID-19. We also sought to observe whether the length of the relationship moderates this association. Methods Participants (N = 528) were adults living in Portugal (84.7% female) currently in a romantic relationship with their current partner for at least 1 year. Online data collection. Results We found that relationship quality predicted COVID-19 emotional representation, but this association was fully mediated by total dyadic coping. This association was especially significant in couples with a shorter length of time in the relationship. Conclusions We point out the importance of dyadic coping as a protective factor against emotional distress to cope with the ongoing stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These data suggest the need for relationship education programs that promote positive coping between partners. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10379-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Relvas
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21. 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alda Portugal
- Center of Social Studies, University of Coimbra, 3000-115 Coimbra & Department of Psychology, University of Madeira, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Claudia Chiarolanza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, Rome, 00185 Italy
| | - Sofia Major
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of the Azores, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rosa
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana Sotero
- Present Address: Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra & Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-115 Portugal
| | - Ashley K. Randall
- Honors Faculty, Senior Global Futures Scientist Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, 446 Payne Hall Tempe, Arizona, 85281 AZ USA
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Lee L, Abdalhamid SAA, Aslan M, Limani B, Brown D. Classroom-Based Power Exchanges That Disrupt Teaching and Learning Spaces to What Extent Could Middle Eastern High School Students Manage Their Challenging Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10720537.2022.2082605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Lee
- Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | | | - Mehmet Aslan
- Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Blerim Limani
- Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Daniel Brown
- Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
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Duby Z, Bunce B, Fowler C, Bergh K, Jonas K, Dietrich JJ, Govindasamy D, Kuo C, Mathews C. Intersections between COVID-19 and socio-economic mental health stressors in the lives of South African adolescent girls and young women. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:23. [PMID: 35346316 PMCID: PMC8959551 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contexts where poverty and mental health stressors already interact to negatively impact the most vulnerable populations, COVID-19 is likely to have worsened these impacts. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa already faced intersecting mental health stressors and vulnerabilities. It is critical to understand how additional challenges brought on by COVID-19 have intersected with existing vulnerabilities and mental health risks AGYW faced, particularly given the intersections between psychological distress and increased risk behaviours that impact sexual and reproductive health. We aimed to examine socio-economic and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on South African AGYW in order to understand how additional challenges brought on by COVID-19 have intersected with existing challenges, compounding AGYW vulnerabilities. METHODS Using qualitative and quantitative methods, framed by the syndemic theory, we examined the intersections between mental health and the COVID-19 epidemic amongst AGYW in six districts of South Africa characterised by high rates of HIV, teenage pregnancy and socio-economic hardship. Between November 2020 and March 2021 we conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey with 515 AGYW, and in-depth interviews with 50 AGYW, aged 15 to 24 years. RESULTS Our findings reveal how COVID-19 restrictions led to increased experiences of stress and anxiety. Poor mental health was compounded by strained family relationships, increased fear of domestic violence, household unemployment, economic stress and food insecurity. Respondents described feelings of boredom, frustration, isolation, loneliness, fear and hopelessness. However, despite the multitude of challenges, some AGYW articulated emotional resilience, describing ways in which they coped and retained hope. CONCLUSION Various psycho-social risk factors already disproportionally affect the mental health of AGYW in these communities; the COVID-19 pandemic intersects with these pre-existing social and environmental factors. Understanding strategies AGYW have used to positively cope with the uncertainty of COVID-19 amongst an array of pre-existing mental health stressors, is key in informing efforts to respond to their needs. Multisectoral interventions are needed to address the drivers of poor mental health among AGYW, and bolster healthy coping mechanisms; interventions seeking to mitigate the mental health impacts on this vulnerable population need to be responsive to the unpredictable pandemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Duby
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brittany Bunce
- Institute for Global Sustainable Development, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chantal Fowler
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Bergh
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Jonas
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janan Janine Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU) and African Social Sciences Unit of Research and Evaluation (ASSURE), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Darshini Govindasamy
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caroline Kuo
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA
| | - Catherine Mathews
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Rodríguez-Rubio P, Lacomba-Trejo L, Valero-Moreno S, Montoya-Castilla I, Pérez-Marín M. 10Vida: A Mental and Physical Health Intervention for Chronically Ill Adolescents and Their Caregivers in the Hospital Setting: An Open Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063162. [PMID: 35328851 PMCID: PMC8953533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Suffering from a chronic disease (CD) in adolescence can significantly impact the emotional health of adolescents and their families. MHealth can be a useful tool for these groups. However, few intervention programmes include the family system. The aim is to design an intervention programme (10Vida) for a paediatric population with a CD, and their families, to improve their adaptation to the disease. The study is a quasi-experimental repeated measures design in a open study, where the patients themselves, and their families, are their own control group. Participants will receive an intervention of seven individual sessions: five sessions with each patient, and two sessions with their caregivers. In the case of the patients, the aim is to improve their emotional state, their self-esteem, and their emotional competencies, reducing their perceived threat of illness. Furthermore, in the case of the caregivers, the aim is to improve their emotional state and reduce their burden. Indirectly, working with caregivers and those being cared for will improve family ties. The pilot study will involve 25 to 30 chronically ill adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years and their primary caregivers. Following the results, the necessary modifications will be included, and the programme will be offered to adolescents and their families who are willing to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rodríguez-Rubio
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (L.L.-T.); (I.M.-C.)
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (L.L.-T.); (I.M.-C.)
| | - Selene Valero-Moreno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Inmaculada Montoya-Castilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (L.L.-T.); (I.M.-C.)
| | - Marián Pérez-Marín
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (P.R.-R.); (L.L.-T.); (I.M.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963983392
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Pakhomova TE, Dietrich JJ, Closson K, Smit J, Hornschuh S, Smith P, Beksinska M, Ndung'u T, Brockman M, Gray G, Kaida A. Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and Anxiety Are Associated With Higher Perceived Stress Among Both Young Men and Women in Soweto and Durban, South Africa. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:638116. [PMID: 36304031 PMCID: PMC9580652 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.638116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Psychological stress is an important determinant of health, including for mental well-being and sexual health. However, little is known about the prevalence and psychosocial and sexual health correlates of perceived stress among young people in South Africa, where elevated life-stressors are an important driver of health inequities. This study examines the association between intimate partner violence (IPV), psychosocial and sexual health, and perceived stress, by gender, among South African adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using baseline survey data from AYAZAZI, a cohort study enrolling youth (16–24 years) from Durban and Soweto, we used the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to measure the degree to which an individual perceives their life situations as unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded. Possible scores range between 0 and 40; higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Crude and adjusted gender-stratified linear regression models examined associations between sexual health factors, experiences (young women) and perpetration (young men) of IPV, anxiety (APA 3-item Scale, ≥2 = probable anxiety), and depression (10-item CES-D Scale, ≥10 = probable depression) and perceived stress. Multivariable models adjusted for age, income, sexual orientation, and financial dependents. Results: Of the 425 AYAZAZI participants, 60% were young women. At baseline, 71.5% were students//learners and 77.2% earned ≤ ZAR1600 per month (~$100 USD). The PSS-10 had moderate reliability (α = 0.70 for young women, 0.64 for young men). Young women reported significantly higher mean PSS scores than young men [18.3 (6.3) vs. 16.4 (6.0)]. In adjusted linear regression models, among young women experiences of IPV (β = 4.33; 95% CI: 1.9, 6.8), probable depression (β = 6.63; 95% CI: 5.2, 8.1), and probable anxiety (β = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.6, 6.8) were significantly associated with higher PSS scores. Among young men, ever perpetrating IPV (β = 2.95; 95% CI: 0.3, 5.6), probable depression (β = 6; 95% CI: 4.3, 7.6), and probable anxiety (β = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.1, 5.8) were significantly associated with higher perceived stress. Conclusion: We found that probable depression, anxiety, perpetration of IPV among young men, and experiences of IPV among young women, were associated with higher perceived stress. Critical efforts are needed to address the gendered stressors of young men and women and implement services to address mental health within violence prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janan Janine Dietrich
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kalysha Closson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenni Smit
- Maternal Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Hornschuh
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patricia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mags Beksinska
- Maternal Adolescent and Child Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Glenda Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Office of the President, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Angela Kaida
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Duby Z, McClinton Appollis T, Jonas K, Maruping K, Dietrich J, LoVette A, Kuo C, Vanleeuw L, Mathews C. "As a Young Pregnant Girl… The Challenges You Face": Exploring the Intersection Between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health Amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:344-353. [PMID: 32683636 PMCID: PMC7368608 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In South Africa, adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are at risk of poor mental health, HIV infection and early pregnancy. Poor mental health in AGYW is associated with increased sexual risk behaviours, and impeded HIV testing and care. Using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, we explored subjective experiences of mental health and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) amongst 237 AGYW aged 15-24 years in five South African districts. Respondents shared narratives of stress, emotional isolation, feelings of depression, and suicidal ideation, interconnected with HIV, pregnancy and violence in relationships. Findings show that AGYW in South Africa face a range of mental health stressors and lack sufficient support, which intersect with SRH challenges to heighten their vulnerability. Framed within the syndemic theory, our findings suggest that South African AGYW's vulnerability towards early pregnancy, HIV infection and poor mental health are bidirectional and interconnected. Considering the overlaps and interactions between mental health and SRH amongst AGYW, it is critical that mental health components are integrated into SRH interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Duby
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tracy McClinton Appollis
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kim Jonas
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kealeboga Maruping
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janan Dietrich
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ashleigh LoVette
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caroline Kuo
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lieve Vanleeuw
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Mathews
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parow Valley, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dufford AJ, Kim P, Evans GW. The impact of childhood poverty on brain health: Emerging evidence from neuroimaging across the lifespan. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 150:77-105. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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