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Lücke AJ, Wrzus C, Gerstorf D, Kunzmann U, Katzorreck M, Hoppmann C, Schilling OK. Bidirectional Links of Daily Sleep Quality and Duration With Pain and Self-rated Health in Older Adults' Daily Lives. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1887-1896. [PMID: 36124664 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and health perceptions, such as self-ratings of pain and health are closely linked. However, the temporal ordering of such associations is not well understood, and it remains unclear whether sleep quality and sleep duration show similar or differential associations with health perceptions. METHODS We used ecological momentary assessment data from 123 young-old (66-69 years, 47% women) and 47 old-old adults (84-90 years, 60% women). Across 7 consecutive days, participants reported their sleep quality and sleep duration each morning and rated their momentary pain and health 6 times per day. We applied dynamic structural equation models to examine bidirectional links of morning reports of sleep quality and duration with daily levels of self-rated pain and health. RESULTS In line with the hypotheses, results showed that when participants reported better sleep quality than what is typical for them, they reported less pain and better self-rated health on the day that followed. Longer sleep duration was not linked with subsequent pain or self-rated health. On days when people rated their health as better than usual, they reported better sleep quality but not longer sleep duration the following night. These associations were not moderated by age, gender, or chronic pain. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that in old age, sleep quality is more relevant for health perceptions than sleep duration. Associations between sleep quality and self-rated health seem to be bidirectional; daily pain was linked to prior but not subsequent sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Lücke
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Kunzmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Hoppmann
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oliver K Schilling
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Imamatsu Y, Oe N, Ito E, Iwata Y, Arimoto A, Kobayashi K, Tadaka E. Subjective Well-Being and Related Factors among Independent, Healthy, Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2211. [PMID: 37570451 PMCID: PMC10418987 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Subjective well-being (SWB) is internationally recognized as an important health-related factor for most age groups and is particularly influential for life quality and expectancy in independent, healthy, community-dwelling older adults. However, the physical function and community participation correlates of SWB in independent living older adults in super-aging societies and other influencing factors remain underexplored. (2) Methods: A total of 926 independent, healthy, community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and above registered in Yokohama, Japan, were included. Respondents' mean age was 78.1 years (standard deviation = 6.7), and 74.0% were women. The dependent variable was SWB. The independent variables were respondents' demographic characteristics, physical factors (visual, hearing, and cognitive functions, and mobility), and community and social factors (participation in community groups, social networks, and community commitment. (3) Results: The mean (standard deviation) WHO-5 score was 16.3 (5.1). Significant factors associated with WHO-5 score were visual function (odds ratio [OR]: 0.708; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.352-0.690), hearing function (OR: 0.615; CI: 0.431-0.878), community groups (OR: 1.310; CI: 1.003-1.059), community commitments (OR: 1.180; CI: 1.132-1.231), and social networks (OR: 1.525; CI: 1.142-2.037) adjusted for the effects of demographic factors. (4) Conclusions: These findings are important because factors associated with SWB are likely to contribute to individual well-being and longevity and to developing a healthy super-aged society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imamatsu
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Nanami Oe
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, K12-N5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (N.O.)
| | - Eriko Ito
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Yuka Iwata
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Azusa Arimoto
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Kisaki Kobayashi
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, K12-N5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (N.O.)
| | - Etsuko Tadaka
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, K12-N5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (N.O.)
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3
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Mohd Yusoff MF, Lim KH, Saminathan TA, Rodzlan Hasani WS, Robert Lourdes TG, Ghazali SM, Abd Hamid HA, Ab Majid NL, Mat Rifin H, Miaw Yn JL. The pattern in prevalence and sociodemographic factors
of smoking in Malaysia, 2011–2019: Findings from national
surveys. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:84. [PMID: 36249344 PMCID: PMC9521184 DOI: 10.18332/tid/152410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide, with Malaysia no exception. Through the Ministry of Health and other ministries in the government of Malaysia, numerous anti-smoking measures have been introduced to prevent and control smoking in the country. Continuous monitoring of smoking prevalence in the community is essential in order to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-smoking policies. This study aims to update the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in the past decade in Malaysia. METHODS The study utilized data from three national household surveys in Malaysia, namely the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011, the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 and the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019. These surveys adopted a multistage stratified sampling design that represents the population in Malaysia. Smoking status was determined based on the GATS protocol and definitions. Complex sample design estimates and complex multivariable logistic regression were used in the analysis. RESULTS A total of 4250, 21410 and 11111 respondents aged ≥15 years participated in GATS 2011, NHMS 2015 and NHMS 2019, respectively, with a response rate between 85% and 87%. The prevalence of smoking was 23.1% (95% CI: 21.2–25.2) in 2011, 22.8% (95% CI: 21.9–23.8) in 2015 and 21.3% (95% CI: 19.9–22.8) in 2019. The prevalence was consistently higher in males (40.5–43.9%), adults aged 25–44 years (25.4–29.0%), Malay (22.6–24.7%), other ethnicities (30.0–35.0%), and the self-employed (33.7–44.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of smoking was higher in males, in younger and middle age groups, Malays, and those with lower education level. CONCLUSIONS There were slight changes in the sociodemographic factors of smoking in the past decade in Malaysia. Stern measures and more aggressive strategies are needed to address all the risk factors in controlling smoking behavior in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuang Hock Lim
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sumarni Mohd Ghazali
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Liana Ab Majid
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Halizah Mat Rifin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jane Ling Miaw Yn
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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4
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Nordgren L, von Heideken Wågert P, Söderlund A, Elvén M. The Mediating Role of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours on the Association between Perceived Stress and Self-Rated Health in People with Non-Communicable Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12071. [PMID: 36231373 PMCID: PMC9564635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perceived stress can affect people's lifestyle behaviours and self-rated health. A balanced, healthy lifestyle can alleviate experiences of stress. For clinicians to use evidence-based and theory-based knowledge in health dialogues with people with non-communicable diseases, and in order to develop more effective behavioural counselling, more knowledge is needed. Hence, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of sedentary behaviour, daily physical activity, physical exercise, and dietary habits on the association between perceived stress and self-rated health in people with or without one to four self-reported non-communicable diseases (myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, diabetes). The study used a cross-sectional design. Responses from in total 10,583 individuals were collected in 2016 and 2019 by a self-report questionnaire. A series of simple and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effects of healthy lifestyle behaviours on the association between perceived stress and self-rated health. The results show that the investigated healthy lifestyle behaviours partly mediated the association between perceived stress and self-rated health in people with no diagnosis, and in people with one or two diagnoses. It can be concluded that healthy lifestyle behaviours could probably be targeted in relation to the number of noncommunicable diseases that the individuals have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Nordgren
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, 631 88 Eskilstuna, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anne Söderlund
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Maria Elvén
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden
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5
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Moreno-Agostino D, de la Torre-Luque A, da Silva-Sauer L, Smith BW, Fernández-Calvo B. The age-invariant role of resilience resources in emotional symptomatology. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1226-1233. [PMID: 33896284 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1913472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Objectives 1) To study the relationship between resilience resources (both social and individual) and emotional symptomatology (depression and anxiety symptoms), taking into account the potential indirect effects through perceived stress; 2) to investigate whether this network of relationships varies in different age groups. METHOD A sample of 718 Brazilians completed self-reports on perceived stress, depressive and anxious symptomatology, social support and individual resilience. The sample comprised two age groups: a sample of adults aged 60 or older (n = 361; 38.78% men; Mage = 67.32 years, SDage = 5.76, range = 60-86), and a sample of younger adults (n = 357; 29.41% men; Mage = 41.37 years, SDage = 7.23, range = 18-59). Multigroup multiple indicator, multiple cause (MIMIC) modelling was used to test for the direct and indirect effects of resilience resources on emotional symptom development, considering the age groups. RESULTS The relationship between individual resilience resources and depressive or anxiety symptomatology was found to take place exclusively through stressfulness appraisal. On the other hand, social resilience resources showed a direct and indirect effect on emotional symptoms. This pattern of relationships was found to be invariant across age groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both individual and social resilience resources are negatively related to both depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults regardless of age, thus opening the way to future research analysing how interventions may build resilience resources to minimise the influence of stressful and traumatic events across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Moreno-Agostino
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Bruce W Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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de la Torre-Luque A, Viera-Campos A, Bilderbeck AC, Carreras MT, Vivancos J, Diaz-Caneja CM, Aghajani M, Saris IMJ, Raslescu A, Malik A, Clark J, Penninx BWJH, van der Wee N, Rossum IWV, Sommer B, Marston H, Dawson GR, Kas MJ, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Arango C. Relationships between social withdrawal and facial emotion recognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110463. [PMID: 34718073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion recognition constitutes a pivotal process of social cognition. It involves decoding social cues (e.g., facial expressions) to maximise social adjustment. Current theoretical models posit the relationship between social withdrawal factors (social disengagement, lack of social interactions and loneliness) and emotion decoding. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of social withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropsychiatric conditions associated with social dysfunction. METHODS A sample of 156 participants was recruited: schizophrenia patients (SZ; n = 53), Alzheimer's disease patients (AD; n = 46), and two age-matched control groups (SZc, n = 29; ADc, n = 28). All participants provided self-report measures of loneliness and social functioning, and completed a facial emotion detection task. RESULTS Neuropsychiatric patients (both groups) showed poorer performance in detecting both positive and negative emotions compared with their healthy counterparts (p < .01). Social withdrawal was associated with higher accuracy in negative emotion detection, across all groups. Additionally, neuropsychiatric patients with higher social withdrawal showed lower positive emotion misclassification. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help to detail the similarities and differences in social function and facial emotion recognition in two disorders rarely studied in parallel, AD and SZ. Transdiagnostic patterns in these results suggest that social withdrawal is associated with heightened sensitivity to negative emotion expressions, potentially reflecting hypervigilance to social threat. Across the neuropsychiatric groups specifically, this hypervigilance associated with social withdrawal extended to positive emotion expressions, an emotional-cognitive bias that may impact social functioning in people with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | - Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Spain
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja M J Saris
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; La Princesa University Hospital, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest Research & Innovation, The Netherlands; Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Spain
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7
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Positive effects on activities of daily living one year after receiving comprehensive geriatric assessment - results from the randomised controlled study CGA-Swed. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:180. [PMID: 35240988 PMCID: PMC8892729 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today's acute hospital care is poorly adapted to the complex needs of frail older people. This exposes them to avoidable risks, such as loss of functional capacities, leading to unnecessary health and social care needs. Being frail and in need of acute hospital care often leads to higher dependence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), especially if one's needs are not acknowledged. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is one way to meet frail older people's complex needs. The study's aim was to investigate the effects on frail older people's ADL 12 months after receiving CGA. METHODS This is a two-armed randomised controlled intervention study. Participants were frail older people (75+) who sought the emergency department and needed admission to a medical ward. The intervention was CGA performed at a geriatric management unit during the hospital stay. The CGA included comprehensive assessment of medical, functional, psychological, social, and environmental status as well as treatment, rehabilitation, discharge planning, and follow-up. Multidisciplinary teamwork and a person-centred approach were used. The control was care at an ordinary medical hospital ward. The primary outcome was change in dependence in ADL from 2 weeks before admission to the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS At admission, 155 people participated (77 in the control, 78 in the intervention). At the 12-month follow-up, 78 participated (40 in the control, 38 in the intervention). Attrition was mainly due to mortality. Four participants in the control (5.2%) and twelve in the intervention group (15.4%) had improved in their ADL 1 year after discharge (OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.02-10.79). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital CGA performed at a geriatric management unit improves frail older people's ADL. Being less dependent in ADL increases frail older people's ability to remain in their own housing, which is important for both the individual and society. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02773914 . Retrospectively registered 16 May 2016.
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Pan Y, Aierken A, Ding X, Chen Y, Li Y. Socioeconomic Status Association With Dependency From Objective and Subjective Assessments: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898686. [PMID: 35845452 PMCID: PMC9276981 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on dependency is still complex and not fully clear. The purposes of this study are to assess the association between SES and dependency personality disorder (DPD) using both objective and subjective assessments. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 27 locations in China among 1,276 general residents aged 60 years and above through a complex multistage sampling design. Data were collected using a questionnaire by well-trained investigators through face-to-face interviews. The DPD was assessed using a standardized Chinese version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II scale. Objective SES was assessed by the combination of education levels, individual income, preretirement occupation, and medical insurance. Subjective SES was measured using the MacArthur Scale. The logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between objective SES and DPD. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare the mean of DPD scores in different levels of SES. RESULTS The results of the chi-squared test showed that the levels of objective SES were associated with DPD, depression, social resources, and region. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant negative association between the levels of objective SES and DPD. The odds ratio was 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-3.18) after adjusting for important confounding factors. The analysis of covariance showed differences in the mean of DPD scores among different groups defined by different levels of SES. CONCLUSION The levels of SES were negatively associated with DPD, and subjective SES had a stronger association with DPD than objective SES. The effect of subjective SES on DPD is possibly associated with the perception of position in the social hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiYang Pan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ayizuhere Aierken
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiWen Ding
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Whitehead BR, Blaxton JM. Daily associations among aging perceptions, perceived health, and perceived stress in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2255-2264. [PMID: 33356476 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1855625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Daily perceived stress is a key indicator of well-being across adulthood, but particularly for those experiencing age-linked challenges. Understanding how day-level factors most salient to the aging process are associated with daily stress levels can further elucidate the mechanisms involved. Here, we investigate two such age-salient factors-daily perceived health and day-level aging perceptions-on daily perceived stress in later life, with a particular interest in the potential role of aging perceptions as an emotion-focused coping resource. METHOD 127 older adults (mean age 79) completed daily surveys reporting aging perceptions, perceived health, and perceived stress for 14 days, along with a global questionnaire. Multilevel models assessed the between-person and within-person influences of both daily aging perceptions and daily perceived health on day-level perceived stress. RESULTS Key findings: (a) days of worse perceived health are also days of higher perceived stress; (b) days of more negative aging perceptions are days of higher perceived stress; (c) these individual effects maintain significance when the other is controlled, and (d) these effects interact, so that perceived health is more strongly associated with perceived stress on days when aging perceptions are below a person's mean. CONCLUSION The moderating effect identifies aging perceptions as a potentially important resource for emotion-focused coping in later life, particularly for older adults experiencing stress associated with poorer perceived health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda R Whitehead
- Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica M Blaxton
- Psychology, Metropolitan State University, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Functional difficulties and toileting among older adults in Ghana: evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 1. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ghana's older population is projected to increase in coming decades and as a result will see increasing care needs. Understanding the functional difficulties older adults experience, and the associated factors, will help identify relevant intervention to assist older adults in meeting their care needs. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of functional difficulties among older adults in Ghana, and examine how the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF) conceptual framework can relate to toileting difficulty to understand the factors that increase older adults’ care needs. Data were for 5,096 adults aged ⩾50 years from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 1. Difficulties were assessed using self-reported difficulty on 22 functional items, including toileting. Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between toileting and other factors as related to the WHO-ICF conceptual framework. Older adults reported climbing one flight of stairs without resting as a common functional difficulty. Difficulty eating was the item least identified. Toileting difficulty was ranked second among five total activities of daily living difficulties. Age, marital status, self-reported health, memory, bodily pain, short- and far-distance vision, obesity, stroke, chronic lung disease, trust at individual and neighbourhood level, toilet facility type, socialising with co-workers, and public and religious meeting attendance were statistically significantly associated with toileting difficulty in the final parsimonious model. Post-hoc analysis testing interaction revealed that interaction existed between female sex and never married marital status (p = 0.04), and obesity and widowed marital status (p = 0.01), with toileting as the outcome. A significant level of functional difficulty existed among Ghanaian older adults in this sample. Toileting difficulty was associated with factors across different components in the WHO-ICF, emphasising functional, social and environmental factors related to this fundamental human activity.
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Saber M, Rashedi V, FadakarDavarani MM, Borhaninejad V. Social Support, Happiness, and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults: A Population-Based Study. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Öjefors Stark K, Olofsson N. Daily moderate-intensity physical activities and optimism promote healthy ageing in rural northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1867439. [PMID: 33463403 PMCID: PMC7833011 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1867439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore the association between self-reported health factors and self-rated health (SRH) among an older rural population in northern Sweden and whether confounders optimistic outlook or daily moderate-intensity physical activity could moderate the association between self-reported health factors and SRH, controlling for age. The study is based on a sample (N = 1946) from the “Health on Equal Terms” Västernorrland survey 2018 aged 65–84. Prevalence and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The results indicated most rural older people perceived very good or good SRH, though physical and mental health issues and impaired mobility increased with advanced age. Mental well-being exhibited a stronger association with poor SRH than physical health or impaired mobility. In addition, confounders optimistic outlook and daily moderate-intensity physical activity, separately and together could moderate the association between health factors and poor SRH. In conclusion, older people in a rural setting perceived good health, despite common physical and mental health issues. Promoting daily moderate-intensity physical activity and activities contributing to an optimistic outlook can protect against poor SRH in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niclas Olofsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University , Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Research and Development, Region Västernorrland , Sundsvall, Sweden
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Yong B, Lin R, Xiao H. Factors associated with nursing home adjustment in older adults: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 113:103790. [PMID: 33161332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ageing population has resulted in increased numbers of older adults moving to a nursing home, and the challenges triggered by relocation are highlighted. Various factors are identified to be associated with relocation and psychological adjustment to living in a nursing home. However, no systematic review has synthesised the evidence, and its associated factors remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine and synthesise the best available evidence on the factors associated with adjustment to living in a care facility. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Nine electronic databases were searched from database inception to March 2020: Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Periodical Full-text Database. REVIEW METHODS The references listed in the included studies were manually checked. The quality of the eligible studies was assessed using the 11-item checklist of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in this review, with 17 cross-sectional studies, and three longitudinal study. 19 studies were rated as moderate quality and the other one was high quality. 17 measures were used to assess nursing home adjustment. Six distinct categories of the associated factors for nursing home adjustment were identified: demographic characteristics (n = 11), physiological factors (n = 3), psychological factors (n = 9), social factors (n = 9), relocation factors (n = 6), and facility factors (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS Decision-making control, self-efficacy, social support, activities of daily living, and length of stay should all be taken into account when assisting resident scoping with a relocation to a nursing home. Infuture research, multiple areas can be considered when improving the level of nursing home adjustment, as well as interventions and health policies. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD 42018115935. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A systematic review of the factors associated with adjustment to living in a care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, NO 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
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Self-perceived general health among community-dwelling Portuguese older adults: do men and women differ? AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence on how gender intersects with relevant social constructs in later phases of life is scarce. This investigation examined gender inequalities in perceived health status (self-perceived general health; SPGH) by Portuguese elderly community-dwellers while considering psycho-social and socio-demographic determinants. This study used data from a representative sample of community-dwellers aged ≥65 years (N = 920), who were enrolled in the Portuguese Elderly Nutritional Status Surveillance System (PEN-3S) project. Associations between SPGH and socio-demographic and psycho-social variables, functionality and self-reported morbidity were tested; indirect effects of relevant predictors on SPGH were also tested using a bootstrap method. Gender inequalities in health were found: women significantly rated their health worse than men; overall, participants rated their health as fair. Education, functional status, depression symptoms and self-reported morbidity significantly predicted SPGH among women, whereas only the latter two were associated with SPGH among men. For both genders, depression was the strongest predictor of SPGH. Mediation analyses detected indirect effects of cognitive function and loneliness feelings on SPGH among older adults. Results herein provide insights on the predictive role of psycho-social variables on SPGH and support the need for considering the context when addressing the correlates of SPGH among Portuguese older adults. Altogether, these findings might support cost-effective interventions targeting the most vulnerable groups of the population to inequalities in health and its predictors.
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Zhang C, Zhao H, Zhu R, Lu J, Hou L, Yang XY, Yin M, Yang T. Improvement of social support in empty-nest elderly: results from an intervention study based on the Self-Mutual-Group model. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:830-839. [PMID: 30428059 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has the world's largest elderly population and an increasing number of empty-nest elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Self-Mutual-Group model on social support of the empty-nest elderly, thus providing reference for improving their quality of life. METHODS A intervention study was conducted between October 2016 and May 2017 at six communities in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. A total of 350 empty-nest elderly aged 60-88 years were randomly assigned in the intervention group (n = 167) with a 7-month SMG-based intervention or to a control group (n = 183) with no intervention. The social support of the participating elderly (n = 350) was assessed by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) at the baseline and 7 months later, respectively. RESULTS A 7-month follow-up showed an increasing mean scores of SSRS, objective support, subjective support and support utilization of the intervention group, and reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Self-Mutual-Group model was considered to be a positive intervention and was effective in increasing social support among the empty-nest elderly. Furthermore, future research should extend the intervention period and introduce multi-point measurement to better evaluate the intervention process and outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study on the 'SMG' Health Management Model Based on Community Organization Theory among empty-nest elderly (ChiCTR1800015884).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichen Zhang
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huining Zhao
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Lu
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Hou
- School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56, Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhao Yousef Yang
- Department of Political Science and Sociology, Murray State University, 102 Curris Center, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Mei Yin
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, No. 194, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tariq A, Beihai T, Abbas N, Ali S, Yao W, Imran M. Role of Perceived Social Support on the Association between Physical Disability and Symptoms of Depression in Senior Citizens of Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1485. [PMID: 32106585 PMCID: PMC7084927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An emerging body of literature has implied that perceived social support is known as an upstream element of cognitive health. Various dimensions of perceived social support may have divergent influence on physical and cognitive health in later life. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support on the relationship between physical disability and symptoms of depression in senior citizens of Pakistan. The data were collected from three metropolitan cities (Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan) in the Punjab province of Pakistan and 100 participants were approached from each city with a total sample size of 300. The results demonstrated that family support, friends' support, and significant others' support mediated the association between physical disability and symptoms of depression, with an indirect effect of 0.024, 0.058, and 0.034, respectively. The total direct and indirect effect was 0.493. Physical disability was directly associated with symptoms of depression and greater physical disability predicted a higher level of symptoms of depression. Perceived social support, including family support, friends' support, and significant others' support, showed an indirect association with symptoms of depression. Furthermore, family support and friends' support were more significantly associated with symptoms of depression as compared to significant others' support. The research discoveries have better implications for health care professionals, hospice care workers, and policy makers. A holistic approach is required to prevent senior citizens from late-life mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Tariq
- Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Tian Beihai
- Department of Sociology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Institute of Social & Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sajjad Ali
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Social Security, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
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Alarcão V, Madeira T, Peixoto-Plácido C, Sousa-Santos N, Fernandes E, Nicola P, Santos O, Gorjão-Clara J. Gender differences in psychosocial determinants of self-perceived health among Portuguese older adults in nursing homes. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1049-1056. [PMID: 29791197 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1471583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Self-perceived health declines with age, varies by gender and is a predictor of mortality, morbidity, physical and psychological functioning. However, gender differences in health and illness perception are complex and not yet fully understood. This study aimed to explore gender-related differences in psychosocial determinants of self-perceived health among older adults living in nursing homes. Method: Nationwide face-to-face survey of the Portuguese population aged 65 and over. A representative sample of nursing homes residents was obtained through a multistage cluster random sampling of nursing homes, stratified by main Portuguese administrative regions (NUTS II). Results: Overall, 1186 nursing homes residents voluntarily enrolled in this study (participation rate, 93%) and a total of 515 participants (70.1% women) were considered to have adequate cognitive functioning to answer all questionnaires. A significant association between self-rated health and gender was found: 90.6% of all women (95% CI: 85.7-93.9) and 82.3% of all men (95% CI: 72.9-88.9) rated their health as less than good (p = 0.023). Gender-stratified analyses showed differences in psychosocial determinants of self-perceived health. While symptoms of depression and loneliness feelings were the major psychosocial determinants of poor self-perceived health among women, age and subjective financial well-being were the only determinants among men. Conclusion: Factors associated with perceived health, as representative of healthy ageing, were identified by gender, leading to future avenues for fruitful investigation. The acknowledgement of interpersonal and socioeconomic factors that determine the experience of ageing at a national level is crucial to improve the health of elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Alarcão
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,c Centro De Investigação e Estudos De Sociologia (CIES-IUL) , Instituto Universitário De Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL) , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Teresa Madeira
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Catarina Peixoto-Plácido
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa-Santos
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Elisabete Fernandes
- b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Paulo Nicola
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - João Gorjão-Clara
- a Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal.,b Faculdade De Medicina , Instituto de Saúde Ambiental , Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal
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Rai R, Jongenelis M, Pettigrew S, Jackson B, Newton RU. Identifying modifiable factors associated with health optimism in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:376-384. [PMID: 29271666 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1416589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the documented importance of health optimism for enhancing health outcomes, very little work has been done to examine who experiences health optimism and under what conditions. The present study sought to identify modifiable factors associated with health optimism that could constitute the focus of future intervention efforts designed to promote health optimism among older people. DESIGN Participants were 453 (44% males) community-based Western Australians aged 60+ years (M = 70.39 years, SD = 6.06). Participants completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics and provided information relating to physical and psychological health status. RESULTS Almost a quarter of participants (24%; n = 108) were classified as health optimists. Results from a multivariate regression analysis found quality of life, psychological well-being, and age to be directly and positively associated with health optimism. A subsequent path analytic model found depression (negatively) and self-efficacy (positively) to be indirectly associated with health optimism via both psychological well-being and quality of life. CONCLUSION These findings extend the limited evidence on health optimism in older adults by identifying various modifiable factors that may constitute potential areas of focus for future interventions designed to enhance health outcomes via the fostering of health optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Rai
- a School of Psychology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | | | - Simone Pettigrew
- a School of Psychology , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- b School of Human Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- c School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
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Szczygiel N, Santana S. 'Call me if you need': Social support experiences under economic and social change. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2018; 57:794-810. [PMID: 30118651 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2018.1508112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions play an important role in people's life and people's health but their scope and intensity tend to decrease with age, challenging social support dynamics and increasing the risk of social isolation and helplessness. In Portugal, policymakers still seem to rely on traditional social relations in eldercare, while contextual changes and trends are redefining family roles and behaviors and defying the established social support structure. In this work, we aim to examine the scope, structure and experiences of the informal social support network available in the country for stroke patients 6 months after their discharge from the acute care unit in the context of a larger study. The results seem to confirm the importance of family as a source of social support and shed light on different bonding experiences with non-kin social groups, such as neighbors and friends. A coordinated care provision, combining formal and informal support is vital and beneficial for patients, their caregivers and the care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Szczygiel
- a GOVCOPP - Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
- b Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Silvina Santana
- a GOVCOPP - Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
- b Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
- c IEETA - Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
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Adjei NK, Jonsson KR, Brand T. Time spent on work-related activities, social activities and time pressure as intermediary determinants of health disparities among elderly women and men in 5 European countries: a structural equation model. Int J Equity Health 2018; 17:121. [PMID: 30115073 PMCID: PMC6097401 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-018-0840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial factors shape the health of older adults through complex inter-relating pathways. Besides socioeconomic factors, time use activities may explain gender inequality in self-reported health. This study investigated the role of work-related and social time use activities as determinants of health in old age. Specifically, we analysed whether the impact of stress in terms of time pressure on health mediated the relationship between work-related time use activities (i.e. housework and paid work) on self-reported health. METHODS We applied structural equation models and a maximum-likelihood function to estimate the direct and indirect effects of psychosocial factors on health using pooled data from the Multinational Time Use Study on 11,168 men and 14,295 women aged 65+ from Italy, Spain, UK, France and the Netherlands. RESULTS The fit indices for the conceptual model indicated an acceptable fit for both men and women. The results showed that socioeconomic status (SES), demographic factors, stress and work-related time use activities after retirement had a significant direct influence on self-reported health among the elderly, but the magnitude of the effects varied by gender. Social activities had a positive impact on self-reported health but had no significant impact on stress among older men and women. The indirect standardized effects of work-related activities on self-reported health was statistically significant for housework (β = - 0.006; P < 0.001 among men and β = - 0.008; P < 0.001 among women) and paid work (β = 0.012; P < 0.01 among men and β = 0.000; P > 0.05 among women), which implied that the paths from paid work and housework on self-reported health via stress (mediator) was very weak because their indirect effects were close to zero. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that although stress in terms of time pressure has a direct negative effect on health, it does not indirectly influence the positive effects of work-related time use activities on self-reported health among elderly men and women. The results support the time availability hypothesis that the elderly may not have the same time pressure as younger adults after retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Unit Social Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Tilman Brand
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Unit Social Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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Park E, Yu M. [Frailty and its related Factors in Vulnerable Elderly Population by Age Groups]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2017; 46:848-857. [PMID: 28077832 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2016.46.6.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate factors affecting frailty by age groups among vulnerable elders in Korea. METHODS In this secondary analysis, data were collected from records for 22,868 eldesr registered in the Visiting Health Management program of Publci Health Centers in 2012. Health behaviors, clinically diagnosed disease, frailty, depression and cognitive condition were assessed. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression to determine the associated factors of frailty by age group. RESULTS Alcohol consumption, physical activity, number of diseases, DM, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors significantly associated with frailty among the elders aged 65~74 (F=135.66, p<.001). Alcohol consumption, physical activity, CVA, arthritis, urinary incontinence, depression and cognitive condition were found to be factors associated with frailty in the elders aged 75~84 (F=245.40, p<.001). Physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition were factors associated with frailty in the elders over 85 years of age (F=96.48, p<.001). CONCLUSION The findings show that frailty of elders and associated factors were different by age group, and common factors affecting frailty were physical activity, CVA, arthritis, depression and cognitive condition. Thus, these factors should be considered in the development of intervention program for care and prevention of frailty and program should be modified according to age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunok Park
- College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Yu
- College of Nursing·Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
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Kawada T. Loneliness and Mortality in Older Men: Causal Association. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:102. [PMID: 28231868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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McHugh JE, Lawlor BA. Executive functioning independently predicts self-rated health and improvement in self-rated health over time among community-dwelling older adults. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:415-22. [PMID: 25774986 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1018866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-rated health, as distinct from objective measures of health, is a clinically informative metric among older adults. The purpose of our study was to examine the cognitive and psychosocial factors associated with self-rated health. METHODS 624 participants over the age of 60 were assessed at baseline, and of these, 510 were contacted for a follow-up two years later. Measures of executive function and self-rated health were assessed at baseline, and self-rated health was assessed at follow-up. We employed multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the relationship between executive functioning and self-rated health, while controlling for demographic, psychosocial and biological variables. RESULTS Controlling for other relevant variables, executive functioning independently and solely predicted self-rated health, both at a cross-sectional level, and also over time. Loneliness was also found to cross-sectionally predict self-rated health, although this relationship was not present at a longitudinal level. CONCLUSION Older adults' self-rated health may be related to their executive functioning and to their loneliness. Self-rated health appeared to improve over time, and the extent of this improvement was also related to executive functioning at baseline. Self-rated health may be a judgement made of one's functioning, especially executive functioning, which changes with age and therefore may be particularly salient in the reflections of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Edel McHugh
- a TRIL Centre, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Brian A Lawlor
- a TRIL Centre, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Dai Y, Zhang CY, Zhang BQ, Li Z, Jiang C, Huang HL. Social support and the self-rated health of older people: A comparative study in Tainan Taiwan and Fuzhou Fujian province. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3881. [PMID: 27310979 PMCID: PMC4998465 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of social support in elderly populations incurs real societal costs and can lead to their poor health. The aim of this study is to investigate the self-rated health (SRH) and social support among older people as well as its associated factors.We conducted a cross-sectional study among 312 urban community-dwelling elderly aged 65 to 90 years in Tainan Taiwan and Fuzhou Fujian Province from March 2012 to October 2012. A Spearson correlation test, independent t test, a Pearson χ test, a linear regression analysis, and a multiple-level model were performed to analyze the results.The participants identified children as the most important source of objective and subjective support, followed by spouse and relatives. Tainan's elderly received more daily life assistance and emotional support, showed stronger awareness of the need to seek help, and maintained a higher frequency of social interactions compared with the elderly in Fuzhou. The mean objective support, subjective support, and support utilization scores as well as the overall social support among Tainan's elderly were significantly high compared with the scores among Fuzhou's elderly. Further, Tainan's elderly rated better SRH than Fuzhou's elderly. Correlation analysis showed that social support was significantly correlated with city, age, living conditions, marital status, and SRH. Multiple linear regression analysis, with social support as a dependent variable, retained the following independent predictors in the final regression model: city (4.792, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.068-6.516, P = 0.000), age (-0.805, 95% CI: -1.394 to -0.135, P = 0.013), marital status (-1.260, 95% CI: -1.891 to -0.629, P = 0.000), living conditions (4.069, 95% CI: 3.022-5.116, P = 0.000), and SRH -1.941, 95% CI: -3.194 to -0.688, P = 0.003). The multiple-level model showed that city would impact older people's social support (χ = 5.103, P < 0.001). Marital status (-2.133, 95% CI: -2.768 to -1.499, P = 0.000), education (1.697, 95% CI: 0.589-2.805 P = 0.003), living conditions (4.20, 95% CI: 1.762-6.638, P = 0.000), and SRH (-3.144, 95% CI: -4.502 to -1.727, P = 0.000) were the associated factors. Thus, city, age, marital status, education, living conditions, and SRH might be the associated factors for social support among older people.This study presents some feasible implications for social support improvement in China and in other nations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou Fujian Province
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha Hunan Province
| | - Chen-Yun Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Law, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University
| | - Bao-Quan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternal and Child Health, Fuzhou Fujian Province
| | | | - Caixiao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha Hunan Province
| | - Hui-Ling Huang
- Department of Gerontology, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou Fujian Province, China
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Vettore MV, Faerstein E, Baker SR. Social position, social ties and adult's oral health: 13 year cohort study. J Dent 2015; 44:50-6. [PMID: 26673750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored different pathways by which social position and social ties influence adult's oral health over a 13-year period. METHODS A cohort investigation (Pro-Saúde Study) was conducted of non-faculty civil servants at a university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (N=1613). Baseline data collected in 1999 included age, social position, social ties, and access to dental care. Psychological factors and smoking were assessed in 2001, whereas tooth loss and self-rated oral health (SROH) were collected in 2012. A hypothesised model exploring different direct and indirect pathways was developed and tested using structural equation modelling. RESULTS The model was a good fit to the data and accounted for 40% and 27% of the variance in tooth loss and SROH, respectively. A greater social position was linked to more social ties (β=0.31), health insurance (β=0.48), low psychological distress (β=0.07), less smoking (β=-0.21), more regular dental visiting (β=0.30), less tooth loss (β=-0.44) and better SROH (β=-0.25) over time. Social position (β=0.0005) and social ties (β=-0.0015) were linked indirectly with psychological distress, smoking and tooth loss. Social position was linked indirectly with social ties, psychological distress and SROH (β=-0.0071). CONCLUSIONS Poor social position and weak social ties were important predictors for tooth loss and poor SROH in adults over the 13-year period. Direct and indirect pathways via psychological factors and smoking on the aforementioned relationships were identified, suggesting different areas of intervention to promote adults' oral health. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Adult's oral health is influenced by social conditions through direct and indirect pathways, including via psychological factors and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vianna Vettore
- Unit of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7° andar blocos D e E, e 6° andar bloco E., Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Ruth Baker
- Unit of Dental Public Health, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kingdom.
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Kara B. Self-Rated Health and Associated Factors in Older Turkish Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. J Transcult Nurs 2015; 28:40-47. [PMID: 26303253 DOI: 10.1177/1043659615601484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate self-rated health (SRH) and determine its associations with participant characteristics, glycemic control, family support, and health-related quality of life in older Turkish adults with type 2 diabetes. METHOD This cross-sectional study included 113 adults aged 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected by using an information form, the Perceived Social Support From Family Scale, and the Nottingham Health Profile. SRH was assessed by a single-item question. Glycemic control was measured by glycosylated hemoglobin levels. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients (85.8%) evaluated their health as fair or poor. The glycemic target level (glycosylated hemoglobin <7.5%) was achieved in 47.8% of the patients. Female gender, a low or moderate family income, and lower levels of family support were associated with poorer SRH. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The majority of the participants considered their health to be fair or poor. Better understanding of risk factors associated with SRH may provide more effective interventions to improve health outcomes.
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Prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118293. [PMID: 25671621 PMCID: PMC4324635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The public health challenges associated with rapid population ageing are likely to be exacerbated by poor physical activity levels. The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical inactivity in a population-representative sample of older adults in Ireland. This paper reports a secondary analysis of data from 4892 adults aged 60+ from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). TILDA includes an assessment of the mental and physical health, and social and financial circumstances of participants assessed in a home interview and self-completion questionnaire. Chi squared statistics and forced entry logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with physical inactivity. Females were over twice as likely to be inactive as their male counterparts (Odds Ratio 2.2). Increasing old age was associated with inactivity among males and females. Those who reported above secondary level education, no reported falls in the last year and no fear of falling were less likely to be physically inactive. While older adults who noted poor/fair self-reported health, that they did not look after grandchildren, did not own a car or did not attend a course were also more likely to be inactive than those who reported positively for these items. Gender displayed a strong but often contrasting influence on factors that affect physical activity among older adults. Among females, living alone or in a rural area, retirement, fair/poor emotional health and activity being limited by illness were all significantly associated with inactivity. While cohabiting, being employed and residing in an urban area were related to low levels of activity in males. Our findings identify specific groups of the older Irish population who may be at particular risk of physical inactivity and thereby the associated physiological and psychological hazards. These results can support the development of tailored interventions to promote healthy ageing.
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Nicolaisen M, Thorsen K. Who are Lonely? Loneliness in Different Age Groups (18–81 Years Old), Using Two Measures of Loneliness. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2014; 78:229-57. [DOI: 10.2190/ag.78.3.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study asks if the prevalence of loneliness in the population varies depending on the measures used, with special focus on loneliness among the elderly. The study compares loneliness in different age groups between 18 and 81 years old ( N = 14,743) using two measures of loneliness: the (indirect) six-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and a single-item, direct question about loneliness. Data are from the Norwegian LOGG (Life Course, Generation, and Gender) study. We compare the findings on loneliness according to age, gender, health, and partner status. Overall, the two loneliness measures indicate a similar prevalence of loneliness, but attribute loneliness to somewhat different people. When using a direct measure, loneliness is more prevalent among women; when using the (indirect) De Jong Gierveld Scale, loneliness is more prevalent among men. Also, the association between age and loneliness differed when using the direct and the indirect measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnhild Nicolaisen
- Ageing and Health, Norwegian Centre for Research, Education and Service Development
| | - Kirsten Thorsen
- Ageing and Health, Norwegian Centre for Research, Education and Service Development; University College of Buskerud and Vestfold; and Norwegian Social Research (NOVA)
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Bergland A, Nicolaisen M, Thorsen K. Predictors of subjective age in people aged 40-79 years: a five-year follow-up study. The impact of mastery, mental and physical health. Aging Ment Health 2014; 18:653-61. [PMID: 24359016 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.869545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing subjective age perception (SAP) and changes in SAP as well as exploring which variables of socio-demographic, health and personal mastery independently predicted SAP. METHODS The panel data are from two waves of the Norwegian Study on the Life Course, Ageing and Generations (NorLAG). Our sample consists of 2471 people aged 40-79 years at baseline who were surveyed in 2002/2003 (T1) and 2007/2008 (T2). Univariate and multiple regressions were performed; multivariate analyses assessing the relative importance of the independent variables (at T1) for the SAP at T2. RESULTS Older chronological age, good physical health, good mental health, a high level of personal mastery and having lower education significantly predicted a youthful SAP. For the whole sample, older age and a high level of personal mastery were the most important predictors. For those aged 40-49 being a man, having lower education, good physical health and high personal mastery predicted a younger SAP, whereas in the group aged 50-59 years being married/cohabiting and having a high level of education were predictors of an older SAP. For those aged 60-69, high personal mastery was the only independent predictor of a younger SAP. For those aged 70-79 years, only health - good mental and physical health - independently predicted a younger SAP. CONCLUSIONS Most respondents feel younger than their chronological age, the more the older they are. Self-rated physical and mental health and personal mastery are associated with SAP and vary in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Bergland
- a Institute of Physiotherapy , Oslo and Akershus University College for Applied Sciences (HIOA) , Oslo , Norway
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Chen Y, While AE, Hicks A. Self-rated health and associated factors among older people living alone in Shanghai. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:457-64. [PMID: 24750391 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Self-rated health is a reliable and important health measure related to older people's mortality and quality of life. Few studies regarding the self-rated health of older people living alone have been carried out in Mainland China. The present study aimed to investigate the self-rated health of older people living alone in Shanghai and its associated factors. METHODS A stratified random cluster sample of 521 community-dwelling older people living alone in Shanghai completed structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews. The data collected included self-rated health, physical health, depression, functional ability, physical activity, health services satisfaction, loneliness, social support and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS More than two-fifths of the participants (43.2%) reported good self-rated health. Multinomial logistic regression analyses found that chronic disease, acute disease, functional ability, satisfaction with health services, depression and age were predictors of self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Identifying factors associated with the self-rated health of older people living alone could inform the delivery of appropriate health and social care interventions to promote older people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Caetano SC, Silva CMFP, Vettore MV. Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:122. [PMID: 24229389 PMCID: PMC4225700 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults are more likely to live alone, because they may have been predeceased by their spouse and friends. Social interaction could also be reduced in this age group due by limited mobility caused by chronic conditions. Therefore, aging is frequently accompanied by reduced social support, which might affect health status. Little is known about the role of gender in the relationship between social support and health in older adults. Hence, the present study tests the hypothesis that gender differences exist in the relationship between perceived social support, social network, and self-rated health (SRH) among older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study using two-stage probabilistic sampling recruited 3,649 individuals aged 60 years and above. Data were collected during the national influenza vaccination campaign in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2006. Individual interviews collected information on SRH, perceived social support, social network, and other covariates. Multivariate logistic regression analyses using nested models were conducted separately for males and females. Independent variables were organised into six blocks: (1) perceived social support and social network, (2) age group, (3) socioeconomic characteristics, (4) health-related behaviours, (5) use of health care services, (6) functional status measures and somatic health problems. Results Older men who did not participate in group activities were more likely to report poor SRH compared to those who did, (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.16–2.30). Low perceived social support predicted the probability of poor SRH in women (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.16–2.34). Poor SRH was associated with low age, low income, not working, poor functional capacity, and depression in both men and women. More somatic health problems were associated with poor SRH in women. Conclusions The association between social interactions and SRH varies between genders. Low social network involvement is associated with poor SRH in older men, whereas low perceived social support is associated with poor SRH in older women. The hypothesis that the relationship of perceived social support and social networks to SRH differs according to gender has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana C Caetano
- Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Tiradentes, 195, 1301, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 24210-510, Brazil.
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Viglund K, Jonsén E, Strandberg G, Lundman B, Nygren B. Inner strength as a mediator of the relationship between disease and self-rated health among old people. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:144-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Björn Nygren
- Department of Nursing; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed associations between social relationships and oral health outcomes and whether these associations were explained by demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, and physical health. METHODS We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004) data on 4014 adults aged 60 years or older. Oral health outcomes were edentulism, number of decayed teeth, root decay, number of sound or filled teeth, and self-rated oral health. Social relationships referred to social networks (marital status, number of close friends) and social support (emotional support need, provision of financial support). Analyses consisted of regression models sequentially adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and physical health confounders. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, widowed or divorced/separated individuals had fewer sound or filled teeth than those married or living with a partner: rate ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) and 0.90 (0.83 to 0.97), respectively. People with four to six close friends had fewer decayed teeth and lower probability for root decay than those with fewer friends. Emotional support need was associated with 1.41 (1.05 to 1.90) higher odds for root decay and 1.18 (1.04 to 1.35) higher odds for poorer self-rated oral health. Lack of financial support was associated with more decayed teeth. Edentulism was not related to any social network and social support markers. CONCLUSIONS Social relationships are associated with clinical measures of current disease, markers of good oral function, and subjective oral health, but not with clinical measures of a lifetime history of oral disease among older Americans.
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