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Golshan F, Bains S, Francisco J, Jensen M, Tourigny K, Morrison T, Mickleborough M. Gender differences in concussion-related knowledge, attitudes and reporting behaviors of varsity athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:588-598. [PMID: 38445845 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion is a pathophysiological process that occurs due to a traumatic biomechanical force. Concussions are an "invisible" and common traumatic brain injury with symptoms that may be underestimated. This necessitates fundamental improvements in public knowledge specifically addressing young university athletes and different genders. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the possibility of gender differences with respect to university student athletes' concussion knowledge, attitude and reporting behaviors. We hypothesized that there should be no significant difference in concussion knowledge among male and female student athletes; however, females would show a more positive attitude and more reporting behaviors than male student athletes. METHODS Overall, 115 university athlete students completed a survey questionnaire; we eliminated some participants based on required inclusion criteria of Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey-student version (RoCKAS-ST). Our final analysis consisted of 96 participants: 20 males (mean age 21.15 years) and 75 females (mean age 22.36 years). This study included questions about the athletes' given reasons for reporting or not reporting a concussion. Additionally, 33 RoCKAS-ST questions on Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) with fair test-retest reliability (r=0.67) and 15 items on Concussion Attitude Index (CAI) with satisfactory test-retest reliability (r=0.79) were provided. RESULTS Males reported more sources for learning about concussions and more sport-related reasons for reporting a concussion than females (P<0.05). Both genders provided equal numbers of reasons for neglecting a concussion report or not disclosing a concussion for the sake of others (i.e., family, teammates or the coach). Out of 16 given reasons for not reporting a concussion, males significantly chose sport-related reasons over female athletes (P<0.05). Additionally, by looking at the two components of RoCKAS-ST, the independent t-test results showed no significant gender-based differences in concussion knowledge and attitude indices (P>0.05). Nevertheless, females were less optimistic about evaluating other athletes' attitude over concussion reporting (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that concussion knowledge is not gender biased among Canadian university athletes; however, more investigation is required to learn how safe environments for concussion disclosure could encourage reporting the symptoms in varsity athletes, especially in males who are more susceptible to not reporting a concussion to not miss their sport-related goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faly Golshan
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada -
| | - Sarah Bains
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jenna Francisco
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Makenna Jensen
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katelyn Tourigny
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Todd Morrison
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Marla Mickleborough
- Department of Psychology and Health Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Shafik A, Bennett P, Rosenbloom C, Okholm Kryger K, Carmody S, Power J. Sport-related concussion attitudes and knowledge in elite English female footballers. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024; 8:119-125. [PMID: 36541545 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2022.2161613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport-related concussions (SRC) are more common and more severe in women's football than men's yet the knowledge and attitudes of SRC in the women's game are not well understood. The objective of this study was to assess the SRC knowledge and attitude in elite female footballers. METHODS An online questionnaire was sent to all registered players in the English Football Association Women's Super League (WSL) and Championship. Respondents completed an amended version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS). Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) and Concussion Attitudes Index (CAI) scores were derived for all respondents. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-three players completed the survey with 111 fitting the inclusion criteria. The mean CKI score was 20.5 ± 2.3 and the mean CAI score was 63.3 ± 6.3. A weak positive correlation was shown between the CKI and CAI (r = 0.20; p = 0.03). Previous concussion education had a significant impact on increased knowledge (U = 1198; p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in concussion attitudes and knowledge between the WSL and Championship or in those with a previous concussion history and no previous concussion (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Previous SRC education demonstrated an increased knowledge around concussion but a limited impact towards concussion attitudes. It is suggested that concussion education should be mandated across the professional game to enhance player welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shafik
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Millwall Football Club Medical Department, London, UK
| | - Pippa Bennett
- The Football Association, Technical Directorate, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - Craig Rosenbloom
- The Football Association, Technical Directorate, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Tottenham Hotspur Football Club Medical Department, London, UK
| | - Katrine Okholm Kryger
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Sean Carmody
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Power
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Shafik A, Lota KS, Mifsud D, Bennett P, Rosenbloom C, Okholm Kryger K, Carmody S, Power J. Sport-related concussion knowledge and attitudes of staff working in English elite women's football: a survey-based study. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38661312 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2024.2339497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport-related concussion (SRC) remains an injury of concern in sport, including football(soccer). There has been little investigation into SRC knowledge and attitudes of support staff working in the professional setting. METHODS An amended version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey(RoCKAS) was distributed online to coaching staff, and medical and performance staff, working at clubs in the English Football Association Women's SuperLeague (WSL) and Championship. Completion of the survey generated two scores: concussion knowledge index (CKI) and concussion attitudes index (CAI). RESULTS Sixty-three completed surveys were returned. Eighteen respondents were coaching staff, and 45 were medical and performance staff. The median CKI in medical and performance staff was significantly greater than in coaching staff. There was no significant difference in CAIbetween coaching staff and medical and performance staff. There was no correlation between CKI and CAI across all staff. CONCLUSION Medical and performance staff working in elite women's football have greater knowledge of SRC than coaching staff. However, this does not always translate into safe behaviours on the field. Education should continue to be mandated across the professional game amongst support staff in order to maximise player welfare and enhance injury outcomes, whilst also reinforcing present SRC guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shafik
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kabir Singh Lota
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Mifsud
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales
| | - Pippa Bennett
- Medical Department, The Football Association, Needwood, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
| | - Craig Rosenbloom
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Katrine Okholm Kryger
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Sean Carmody
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Power
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Medical Department, Liverpool Football Club, Liverpool, UK
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Lebria MGDC, Ochoa CR, Tionloc JMP, Ong AKS, German JD. Determining Factors Influencing Collegiate Players' Intention to Pursue a Professional Career. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:98. [PMID: 38668566 PMCID: PMC11054120 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of professional careers in playing sports has been seen in the recent generation. Ranging from traditional sports to recent e-games, it can be seen that student athletes are not only considering these as motivational factors for education, but also as future career paths. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap about the factors influencing college athletes' aspirations to play professionally. The study examines the complex web of athlete decision-making by utilizing the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and analyzing the roles of motivational factors, self-efficacy, affective behavior, and behavioral domains. With the use of structural equation modeling, the study deciphers the intricate links, emphasizing the critical role that attitude plays in affective behavior. It emphasizes how much optimism and self-efficacy shape an athlete's behavior and subsequent pursuit of professional careers. The current research provides a benchmark for future studies exploring student athletes' career goals. This research adds understanding to the knowledge gap regarding the complex decision-making procedures of aspiring professional athletes. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided based on the results of the study, which stakeholders and institutions may consider for student athletes wanting to pursue a professional sports career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Gerald D. C. Lebria
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.G.D.C.L.); (C.R.O.); (J.M.P.T.)
| | - Cymond R. Ochoa
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.G.D.C.L.); (C.R.O.); (J.M.P.T.)
| | - Jasmin Marie P. Tionloc
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.G.D.C.L.); (C.R.O.); (J.M.P.T.)
| | - Ardvin Kester S. Ong
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.G.D.C.L.); (C.R.O.); (J.M.P.T.)
- E.T. Yuchengco School of Business, Mapua University, 1191 Pablo Ocampo Sr. Ext, Makati 1204, Philippines
| | - Josephine D. German
- School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines; (M.G.D.C.L.); (C.R.O.); (J.M.P.T.)
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Buckley TA, Passalugo SW, Gallo CA, Bodt B, Evans KM, Munkasy BA. Collegiate student-athletes concussion knowledge and attitudes: what a difference a decade Makes. Brain Inj 2024; 38:288-294. [PMID: 38369869 PMCID: PMC10911450 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2314549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess changes in concussion knowledge and attitudes amongst incoming intercollegiate student-athletes over the course of a decade (2010-2012 vs 2021-2023). METHODS There were 592 student-athletes from 2 cohorts (2010-2012, 2021-2023) who completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (ROCKaS) questionnaire which is comprised of a concussion knowledge index (CKI, 0-24) and attitude index (CAI, 15-75) with higher scores reflecting better performance. A three factor ANOVA (Group, Sex, Concussion History) compared performance on the CKI and CAI. Individual questions were compared between groups with a Chi-Square analysis. RESULTS For the CKI, there was a significant main effect for Group (2010-2012: 18.5 ± 2.6, 2021-2023: 19.4 ± 2.5, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.032 ) . For the CAI, there was also a significant main effect for group (2010-2012: 52.9 ± 6.0, 2021-2023: 62.2 ± 6.5, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.359 ) . CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show a modest increase in concussion knowledge; however, large improvements in concussion attitudes were observed between groups. These results suggest a continued improvement in student-athlete concussion awareness and provide specific areas to continue addressing persistent misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Scott W Passalugo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Caitlin A Gallo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Barry Bodt
- College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Kelsey M Evans
- Department of General Surgery, Orlando Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Barry A Munkasy
- School of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
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Oxford SW, Clarke ND, Dobbin N. A international cross-sectional study examining knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion in Touch. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 66:25-30. [PMID: 38245972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the current level of knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion (SRC) amongst key stakeholders in touch rugby. DESIGN An international cross-sectional study. Participants n = 141 (male, n = 88; female, n = 53) from 15 Touch Associations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Online questionnaire including non-validated sections captured participant characteristics, first aid training, previous concussion, awareness of SRC guidelines, combined with Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Distributed online to Touch athletes internationally. Concussion knowledge index (CKI) and attitude index (CAI) scores were calculated. A linear regression was performed to determine whether awareness of concussion, previous concussion and role affected CKI and CAI scores. RESULTS Median CKI and CAI scores were 21 ± 2.0 and 67 ± 6.3, respectively, across all key stakeholders. 39% of participants reported a previous SRC and 32% of respondents were aware of concussion guidelines form their Association. Regression analysis showed minimal influence of key contextual information on CKI and CAI. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that key stakeholders in Touch have high to very high knowledge and safe attitudes towards SRC. However, there were some areas where further improvement could be targeted by those involved in Touch such as individual associations at the direction of the sport's governing body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Oxford
- Centre for Physical Activity Sport And, Exercise Science, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| | - Neil D Clarke
- College of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B153TN, UK
| | - Nick Dobbin
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6GX, UK
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Travis E, Scott-Bell A, Thornton C. The current state of concussion knowledge and attitudes in British American Football. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:36-45. [PMID: 36510839 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2156766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine concussion knowledge and concussion attitudes of players, coaches, and support staff in British American Football (BAF). METHODS Data from players, coaches and support staff (n = 236) were collected from across all leagues in BAF. An online survey tool was used which included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS), and questions examining concussion education and perceived risk of participating in football. RESULTS The mean score on the RoCKAS concussion knowledge was 21.0 ± 2.1 of a possible score of 25 reflecting good knowledge. Of a possible score of 65, the mean concussion attitude score was 55.6 ± 6.1 showing safe attitude. Whilst an overall safe attitude was seen, almost half of participants (45.3%) noted they would continue to play with a concussion. No relationship was found between CAI and prior concussion history. Fifty seven percent of participants agreed the benefits of playing football outweighed the risks. Forty eight percent reported that they had received no concussion-related education in the past 12 months. CONCLUSION BAF participants have good concussion knowledge and safe attitudes. However, risky behavior is demonstrated through unsafe likelihood to report and attitude to long-term health risks. Access to the British American Football Association (BAFA) concussion policy and education was poor raising questions over what sources of information stakeholders are drawing their knowledge from. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions (e.g. coaching workshops) to challenge current misconceptions and improve likelihood to report concussion in BAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Travis
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrea Scott-Bell
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Brancaleone MP, Shingles RR, Weber ZA. Effect of Hearing Status on Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes of Collegiate Athletes. J Sport Rehabil 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38253049 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Collegiate athletes who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (D/HoH) are diagnosed with concussions at a similar rate as athletes who are hearing; however, little evidence exists on knowledge and attitudes of athletes who are D/HoH toward concussions. This study aimed to examine differences in knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions between athletes who are D/HoH and athletes who are hearing. DESIGN Cross-sectional research design. METHODS Of the 310 athletes who are D/HoH and 430 athletes who are hearing that were invited to participate, 90 athletes who are D/HoH, and 72 athletes who are hearing completed the survey. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey was used to quantify knowledge of and attitude toward concussions. The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey consists of the concussion knowledge index (CKI) and the concussion attitudes index (CAI) subscales. Linear regressions were run to test the association of hearing status with CKI and CAI scores. Pearson correlations were performed to determine relationships between CKI and CAI for athletes who are D/HoH and athletes who are hearing. Alpha level was set a priori at P ≤ .05. RESULTS Athletes who are hearing demonstrated a higher CKI component score (19.58 [2.19]) compared to athletes who are D/HoH (16.14 [3.31]; P < .001). There were no statistical differences in CAI between hearing groups (hearing: 57.18 [8.73], D/HoH: 55.97 [9.92]; P = .41). There was a moderate positive correlation between CKI and CAI (r = .58) for athletes who are D/HoH, while a weak positive correlation (r = .30) for athletes who are hearing was observed. CONCLUSIONS Athletes who are D/HoH have poorer knowledge of concussions but similar attitudes toward concussion as that of athletes who are hearing. Current concussion educational interventions are in written or spoken form which may not be inclusive to athletes who are D/HoH. Health care professionals should consider an athlete's preferred communication mode to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brancaleone
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - René R Shingles
- School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
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Mallory KD, Hickling A, Wilson KE, Di Leonardo K, Kroshus E, Colquhoun H, Hutchison MG, Zemek R, Reed N. Youth intentions to provide social support to a peer with a concussion. Brain Inj 2023; 37:1310-1325. [PMID: 37553812 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2242249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) To describe demographic factors, concussion knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy and intentions to provide social support to a peer with a concussion and 2) to examine if demographic factors and concussion knowledge are associated with components of the Theory of Planned Behavior. METHODS The survey was completed between October 2018 and February 2019 by 200 youth (M = 15.30 years, SD = 1.52). Questions were designed for athletes and non-athletes and inquired about various types of social support. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS More favorable attitudes and intentions to provide social support were observed among females (W = 2576, p ≤ 0.001; W = 2411, p ≤ 0.001), older youth (rho = 0.32, p ≤ 0.001; rho = 0.41, p ≤ 0.001) and those with higher concussion knowledge (rho = 0.29, p ≤ 0.001; rho = 0.22; p ≤ 0.001). Participating in sports with a high-risk of concussion was associated with lower attitudes and intentions to provide social support (W = 6677; p ≤ 0.001; W = 6721; p ≤ 0.001). Self-reported concussion history or knowing someone with a concussion history was not significantly associated with social support intentions. CONCLUSION This study identified characteristics of youth who had positive intentions to provide social support. These findings identify individuals who may model providing social support to a peer, as well as opportunities for future concussion education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Mallory
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Hickling
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Wilson
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiera Di Leonardo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Heather Colquhoun
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kroshus E, Steiner MK, Lowry SJ, Lion KC, Klein EJ, Strelitz B, Chrisman SP, Rivara FP. Development of a Measure of Parent Concussion Management Knowledge and Self-Efficacy. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2353-2361. [PMID: 37058357 PMCID: PMC10649183 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Assessing parent readiness to support their child's post-concussion management requires valid and reliable measures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and conduct preliminary tests of reliability and validity of survey measures of parent concussion management knowledge and self-efficacy. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that among parents of youth who had sustained a concussion, higher scores on measures of knowledge and self-efficacy would predict greater likelihood of engaging in recommended concussion management behaviors during their child's recovery. Measure development occurred with reference to parenting behaviors included in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) Management Guidelines. A multi-stage mixed- methods approach was employed, including expert review, cognitive interviews with parents, quantitative item reduction, and tests of reliability and validity. All participants were English-speaking parents of school-aged children in the United States. A stepwise measure development process was followed, with different participant groups across steps (including opt-in web-based survey panels and in-person recruitment from the population of parents of pediatric patients seen in a large pediatric emergency department). In total, 774 parents participated in study activities. The final knowledge index had 10 items, and the final self-efficacy scale had 13 items across four subscales (emotional support, rehabilitation support, monitoring, and external engagement). Internal consistency reliability was 0.63 for the knowledge index and 0.79-0.91 for self-efficacy sub-scales, and validation tests were in the hypothesized directions. In a test of predictive validity, we observed that among parents of youth patients with recent concussion, higher self-efficacy scores at the time of discharge from the pediatric emergency department were positively correlated (r = 0.12) with greater likelihood of engaging in recommended support behaviors at 2-week follow-up. There was no association between concussion management knowledge at discharge and parenting behaviors at follow-up. Parents have the potential to play an important role in concussion management. The measures of knowledge and self-efficacy developed in this study can help identify parent needs and evaluate interventions aiming to support parenting post-concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Kathleen Steiner
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah J. Lowry
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K. Casey Lion
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eileen J. Klein
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bonnie Strelitz
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara P.D. Chrisman
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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King C, Morris-Eyton H. Concussion injury management, perception, and knowledge in amateur field hockey. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2023; 35:v35i1a15697. [PMID: 38249769 PMCID: PMC10798600 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a15697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Field hockey has a high risk for sports-related concussion (SRC) injuries due to the speed and intensity of the game, current rules, field surfaces and equipment composition. Head injuries are the second most common reported injury and up to 75% of SRCs go unreported or undetected. This increases the subsequent injury risk, long-term health consequences and prolonged injury recovery. Objectives This study aimed to examine the prevalence of SRC in hockey players within the Southern Gauteng Hockey Association (SGHA) premier league. Concussion knowledge and attitudes of hockey players, coaches, umpires, and officials were also investigated. Methods A partially mixed sequential dominant status design (QUANT-qual) was used, divided into two phases. In Phase One hockey players, coaches, umpires, and technical officials (n=119) completed a modified RoCKAS-ST questionnaire. In Phase Two, a focus group discussion with umpires (n=3) and interviews with coaches (n=3) were conducted. Results Injuries to the shoulder, neck, head, and face were reported from stick use (n=98); ball use (n=102) and collisions (n=187). Only 19% of hockey players were diagnosed with SRC, indicating that many of these injuries were undetected or not reported. Responses from the focus group discussion and interviews indicated that coaches, umpires, and officials felt they had insufficient knowledge of SRC. Conclusion The recognition and management of on-field injuries require improvement to enhance the injury detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C King
- Department of Sport and Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - H Morris-Eyton
- Department of Sport and Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Bennett R, Sullivan KA. A psychometric evaluation of a new social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury (CM-TBI) questionnaire: toward the CM-TBI-II. Brain Inj 2023; 37:1253-1261. [PMID: 37525435 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2237891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Existing TBI misconception measures are critiqued for failing to measure postinjury social experiences. This study developed a social subscale for the Common Misconceptions about TBI (CM-TBI) questionnaire for use in the general public. METHODS Seven experts independently review items drawn from the literature. Shortlisted items were administered online to 158 adults (aged ≥18 years; 51% postschool educated; 60% no TBI experience), the CM-TBI, and a measure of construct validity (a published TBI-adaptation of the Community Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill; CAMI-TBI). One week later, the new items were redeployed (n = 46). RESULTS Expert review and iterative correlations identified a 10-item social subscale (internal consistency, test-retest reliability, α's>.80). When added to the CM-TBI (ie. CM-TBI-II), the internal consistency was .71. The social subscale was significantly correlated with CAMI-TBI measures (p's <.05, r's > .3). There was no significant difference on the social subscale for education subgroups (school vs post-school, p = 0.056) or previous TBI experience; but there was a difference for the CM-TBI-II (post-school>school; Cohen's d = 7.83, large effect). CONCLUSION This study found strong preliminary psychometric support for a new social subscale, administered as the CM-TBI-II. This subscale shows promise as a measure of misconceptions about social functioning post-TBI. The CM-TBI-II could support evaluations of programs aiming to improve social engagement and community participation for people with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryleigh Bennett
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Bazo M, Arpone M, Baioccato V, Ermolao A, Gregori D, Da Dalt L, Bressan S. Concussion Knowledge and Self-Reported Behaviors in Youth Rugby Players and Their Coaches: A Population-Wide Cross-Sectional Survey. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:541-551. [PMID: 37185576 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors in Italian youth rugby players and their coaches. To investigate predictors of lower concussion knowledge and association between athletes' self-reported knowledge and behavior. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-wide, survey study. SETTING All rugby clubs (n = 52) of the Veneto region (Italy). PARTICIPANTS Players and coaches of all under 15, 17 and 19 teams. Overall, 1719 athlete surveys (92.2% male; response rate, 71.1%) and 235 coach surveys (93.6% male; response rate, 93.2%) were eligible for analysis. INTERVENTION Surveys circulated from September 20 to December 13, 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knowledge scores were reported as a percentage of correct answers. Descriptive statistics were reported for all answers. The primary outcomes were concussion knowledge and self-reported behaviors. The secondary outcomes were the association between knowledge and participant individual factors and self-reported behaviors. RESULTS Median knowledge score for athletes was 55% (IQR: 44-67) and for coaches was 60% (IQR: 52.5-69). Only 33.3% of athletes and 40% of coaches were aware of an increased risk of a second concussion after sustaining one. Athletes who had never heard of the word concussion (effect: -9.31; SE: 1.35, 95% CI: -12.0 to -6.7; P < 0.0001) and coaches with longer coaching experience (effect: -4.35; SE: 2.0, 95% CI: -8.29 to -0.41; P < 0.03) reported lower knowledge scores. There was no statistical association between knowledge scores and athlete self-reported behavior. CONCLUSION Athletes and coaches had a similar level of concussion knowledge. Knowledge score of athletes did not predict self-reported behaviors. Although enhanced concussion education should be undertaken, interventions to ensure appropriate concussion reporting behaviors are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bazo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Arpone
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Baioccato
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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14
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Olanrewaju O, Rashid H, Dobbin N. A cross-sectional study examining Nigerian footballers' knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion and associated contextual factors. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:424-440. [PMID: 38167186 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Nigerian footballers' knowledge and attitudes towards sport-related concussion (SRC) and associated contextual factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used with an online questionnaire distributed to Nigerian footballers affiliated with a registered team. The questionnaire included demographic information and the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS-ST). The concussion knowledge index (CKI, 0-25) and attitude index (CAI, 15-75) were calculated. The association between various contextual factors with "high" knowledge and attitude were determined. RESULTS A total of 331 participants completed the questionnaire from 10 football clubs. Mean CKI and CAI scores were 14.0 ± 3.0 (56.2 ± 13.2%) and 54.5 ± 9.4 (72.6 ± 12.5%), respectively, and the association between scores was considered large (r = 0.530; 28%). A small proportion (n = 25; 7.6%) of participants reported a previous diagnosis of an SRC, with a further 40 (12.1%) suspecting they have suffered SRC. Thirty-five participants (10.6%) reported sustaining a SRC but did not seek medical help. Results indicated that men were at 4.8 times greater odds of having a "high[er]" CKI than women, and that those with 5-10 years playing experience had lower odds of a "high" CKI than those with >10 years' experience. Men had 7 times greater odds of having a "high" CAI than women. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Nigerian footballers have a moderate level of SRC knowledge, satisfactory symptom recognition, and high SRC attitudes. Those working with Nigerian football may consider these findings when seeking strategies to improve concussion knowledge, potentially by improving attitudes and considering sex and playing experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Olanrewaju
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Dobbin
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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15
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Leahy R, Whyte E, Rochfort KD, Kontos AP, Collins MW, O'Connor S. Factors associated with concussion management behavior in Ladies Gaelic Football players. Brain Inj 2023; 37:1159-1166. [PMID: 37296158 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2023.2222643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sport-related concussion (SRC) management may be poor in community sports such as Ladies Gaelic Football (LGF). This study examined factors associated with SRC management behavior in adult LGF players. METHODS Participants (n = 657) answered an online survey on demographic factors, concussion knowledge, attitudes, and education, and SRC management behavior. Data from participants who reported sustaining an LGF-related SRC during the previous year (n = 115) were further analyzed. RESULTS Being diagnosed with SRC was the main factor influencing subacute management behavior. Players with diagnosed SRCs had increased odds of following a graded return-to-play (RTP) programme (OR = 4.89), following a medically supervised graded RTP programme (OR = 10.16), and being medically cleared before full RTP (OR = 13.45) compared with those with suspected SRCs. Concussion history was associated with increased odds of informing a coach of a possible SRC (OR = 2.86). Demographic factors, previous use of Ladies Gaelic Football Association concussion education resources, and concussion knowledge and attitudes had minimal or no influence on management behaviors. CONCLUSION Greater access to medical personnel at LGF training and matches is recommended. Due to limited medical resources in community sport, a clear referral pathway for players with SRC and comprehensive SRC education should be introduced to ensure players receive adequate medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Leahy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony P Kontos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Collins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siobhán O'Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Barnwell PV, Ingate MR, Sagar A, Contrada RJ. College students' perceptions of concussion: Illness beliefs and masculinity norms predict stigma and willingness to seek treatment. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37487191 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2222845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
College students' beliefs and attitudes concerning concussion, and masculinity norms, were examined in relation to stigma and willingness to seek treatment for possible concussion. Beliefs were measured using a revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). Participants: Participants were 631 undergraduates at a Northeastern university, most of whom were nonathletes with no concussion. Methods: Data were collected online. Regression analysis were performed to identify predictors of stigma and treatment willingness. Results: Beliefs that concussion symptoms reflect malingering, are controllable, and have psychological causes were related to more stigmatizing attitudes, as was endorsement of masculinity norms regarding winning and risk-taking. Believing that concussion symptoms are long-lasting and endorsing competitiveness, pain discounting, and self-reliance predicted willingness to seek treatment. Preliminary structural models showed adequate fit. Conclusions: In addition to beliefs assessed by the IPQ, traditional conceptions of masculinity warrant greater attention in the study of concussion-related stigma and willingness to seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick V Barnwell
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| | - Margaret R Ingate
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| | - Anushka Sagar
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
| | - Richard J Contrada
- Psychology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersy, USA
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17
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Li Y, Tang J, Zhang X, Cao D, Lyu T. Investigation of concussion knowledge and attitudes of Chinese amateur adolescent soccer athletes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33972. [PMID: 37335627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Concussions are a common traumatic brain injury in soccer games but are often ignored by coaches and athletes. The purpose of our study is to assess the concussion knowledge and attitudes among amateur adolescent soccer athletes in China. Data was collected from questionnaire surveying (Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (Student Version)) and semi-structured interviews completed by 69 amateur adolescent soccer athletes who participated in the U17 and U15 male groups of the 2022 China Youth Soccer League. The study followed a mixed methodology cross sectional study design. The concussion knowledge index (0-25) and concussion attitude index (15-75) scores were derived from the questionnaire and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The mean score of concussion knowledge is 16.8 ± 2.4 (range 10-22), and the mean score of concussion attitude is 61.3 ± 8.8 (range 45-77). Thematic analysis was used to categorize the participant's responses of the semi-structured interview and the results were compared with their survey answers of questionnaire. Interestingly, the interviews revealed the inconsistencies between the questionnaire responses and intended behaviors, and multiple factors (injury severity, the importance of the game and substitution rules) influencing concussion-reporting behaviors were identified. In addition, athletes hope to acquire concussion knowledge through formal education. Our study lay the foundation for educational interventions to potentially improve concussion-reporting behaviors among amateur adolescent soccer athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Huaibei Institute of Technology, Huaibei, China
| | - Dawei Cao
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Teng Lyu
- Graduate School, University of Perpetual Help System Dalta, Manila, Philippines
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18
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Abbott A, Ramos T, Smith WAR, Ierulli VK, Mulcahey MK. Concussion Education for Athletes: Symptom Reporting and Safe Return to Sport. JBJS Rev 2023; 11:01874474-202306000-00013. [PMID: 37327353 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
» Educational programs on concussion have been demonstrated to improve knowledge for athletes, families, athletic trainers, and coaches about concussion, with the goal of reducing concussion incidence, duration, severity, and complications.» Despite the widespread availability and often mandatory concussion education provided to high school and collegiate athletes, there has not been an adequate change in knowledge, attitudes, and self-reporting behavior in this population.» Recently published studies suggest improving concussion education by emphasizing athletes' symptom reporting behavior, to contrast with current emphasis on knowledge-based outcomes.» Future educational programs about concussions for athletes, families, athletic trainers, and coaches should aim to emphasize cultural and behavioral changes that demonstrate outcome changes rather than solely evaluating knowledge improvements to determine effective programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tolulope Ramos
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Wyatt A R Smith
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Victoria K Ierulli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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19
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Yue JK, Krishnan N, Andrews JP, Semonche AM, Deng H, Aabedi AA, Wang AS, Caldwell DJ, Park C, Hirschhorn M, Ghoussaini KT, Oh T, Sun PP. Update on Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rural and Underserved Regions: A Global Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093309. [PMID: 37176749 PMCID: PMC10179657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) causes morbidity and disability worldwide. Pediatric patients are uniquely vulnerable due to developmental and psychosocial factors. Reduced healthcare access in rural/underserved communities impair management and outcome. A knowledge update relevant to current gaps in care is critically needed to develop targeted solutions. METHODS The National Library of Medicine PubMed database was queried using comprehensive search terms (("mild traumatic brain injury" or "concussion") and ("rural" or "low-income" or "underserved") and ("pediatric" or "child/children")) in the title, abstract, and Medical Subject Headings through December 2022. Fifteen articles on rural/underserved pediatric MTBI/concussion not covered in prior reviews were examined and organized into four topical categories: epidemiology, care practices, socioeconomic factors, and telehealth. RESULTS Incidences are higher for Individuals in rural regions, minorities, and those aged 0-4 years compared to their counterparts, and are increasing over time. Rural healthcare utilization rates generally exceed urban rates, and favor emergency departments (vs. primary care) for initial injury assessment. Management guidelines require customization to resource-constrained settings for implementation and adoption. Decreased community recognition of the seriousness of injury is a consensus challenge to care provision by clinicians. Low parental education and income were correlated with decreased MTBI knowledge and worse outcome. Telehealth protocols for triage/consultation and rehabilitation were feasible in improving care delivery to rural and remote settings. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric MTBI/concussion patients in rural/underserved regions experience increased risks of injury, geographic and financial healthcare barriers, and poorer outcomes. Globally, under-reporting of injury has hindered epidemiological understanding. Ongoing MTBI education should be implemented for rural caregivers, schools, and low-income populations to improve community awareness. Telehealth can improve care delivery across acuity settings, and warrants judicious inclusion in triage and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nishanth Krishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John P Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexa M Semonche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander A Aabedi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Albert S Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J Caldwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christine Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Melessa Hirschhorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kristen T Ghoussaini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Taemin Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Peter P Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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20
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Sullivan KA, Jaganathan KS, Kinmond S. Sports fans, wagering, and concussion knowledge: implications for injury nondisclosure. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:103-113. [PMID: 38167580 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Athletes perceive sports fans as a source of concussion nondisclosure pressure. Sports fans are exposed to injury depictions from the media that could lead them to underestimate its seriousness. This study examined the concussion knowledge of non-sports fans, sports fans, and wagering sports fans, as knowledge is a modifiable factor that can influence injury disclosure. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 443 Australian adults completed an online survey. DESIGN Cross-sectional. MAIN MEASURES Self-rated and actual concussion knowledge (the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey; RoCKAS). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the concussion knowledge of self-identified sports (n = 157) and non-sports (n = 286) fans; but sports fans rated their knowledge as significantly higher than non-sports fans (p < .05). Wagering sports fans (n = 24) had significantly less concussion knowledge than non-wagering sports fans (η2 = .03, small effect). DISCUSSION Athletes who feel nondisclosure pressure from sports fans may be influenced by people with incomplete concussion knowledge, particularly wagering sports fans. Sports fans over-estimated their knowledge, and this could contribute to the nondisclosure pressure felt by athletes. Programmes to increase injury disclosure by athletes should take these factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Urdu Version of Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version in Pakistan. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward sports-related concussions is important. However, there is limited research involving South Asian athletes, partly due to the lack of a valid and reliable tool. This study, therefore, aimed to translate and validate the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version, an established tool used to measure knowledge and attitude toward concussion, into Urdu. Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version was translated into Urdu using the standard guidelines and then completed by 369 athletes participating in contact sports at different universities in Pakistan. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the Concussion Attitude Index items to examine the underlying factorial structure. Construct validity of Concussion Attitude Index factors was also investigated using convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that the Urdu version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey—Student Version has good psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Urdu-speaking athletes’ knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions.
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22
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Kinmond S, Sullivan KA, Jaganathan KS. Research Letter: Concussion Knowledge Is Difficult to Predict From Self-Reported Exposure, Sports Participation, and Education. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2022; 37:272-277. [PMID: 34570025 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing concussion knowledge could contribute to improving injury outcomes. Understanding the predictors of concussion knowledge could determine the areas of educational need. This study examined whether individual factors, prior brain injury, prior concussion education, and contact-sports participation predicted concussion knowledge. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study with recruitment of community volunteers. PARTICIPANTS An online survey was completed by 525 adults, 443 of whom provided useable responses. MAIN MEASURES The respondents provided background information and completed the Concussion Knowledge Index from the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS). RESULTS On average, the participants answered 19.8 out of 25 items correctly. A multiple regression model with demographic, injury, and sport-related variables did not significantly predict concussion knowledge. CONCLUSION This community sample had higher than expected concussion knowledge (restricted range), but some important misconceptions were still present. The model reflecting a combination of self-reported factors did not predict concussion knowledge. The implications for concussion education are discussed, including the need for targeted education to address specific misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Ms Kinmond and Mr Jaganathan); and School of Psychology and Counselling, and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Dr Sullivan)
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23
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Zhou H, Ledsky R, Sarmiento K, DePadilla L, Kresnow MJ, Kroshus E. Parent-Child communication about concussion: what role can the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HEADS UP concussion in youth sports handouts play? Brain Inj 2022; 36:1133-1139. [PMID: 35980309 PMCID: PMC9481704 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion education for parents/guardians (hereafter referred to as parents) has the potential to play an important role in youth athlete concussion safety. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) HEADS UP handout on parent-child communication about concussion. METHODS YMCA branches from 15 associations from across the United States were randomized to CDC HEADS UP intervention condition or education as usual control condition using a cluster randomization strategy. In the intervention condition, coaches shared parent- and athlete-specific handouts with parents and asked parents to share and discuss the athlete-specific handouts with their child. Generalized estimating equations, with repeated measures to account for the correlation among matched participants and YMCA associations, were employed. RESULTS Multivariable analyses exploring the relationship between time (pre- and post-intervention) and communication showed that the percent of parents who talked to their child about concussion increased in the intervention group (aRR=1.33, 95% CI=1.22, 1.44), but not in the control group. CONCLUSION CDC HEADS UP handouts help families talk about concussion safety. Sports organizations seeking to educate parents of athletes about concussion should consider using CDC HEADS UP handouts and following a similar dissemination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Lara DePadilla
- Division of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Marcie-Jo Kresnow
- Division of Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Atlanta, GA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Fuller NJ, Kroshus E, Hall EE, Ketcham CJ. Parent influence on concussion reporting in first-year collegiate athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1518-1527. [PMID: 32924848 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1809430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between sport-parenting practices and concussion reporting intentions of collegiate athletes across two levels of competition. PARTICIPANTS Entering first-year student-athletes (varsity and club) at a mid-sized university in the Southeast region of the United States (n = 327). METHODS Written surveys were completed prior to the start of the 2015 academic year. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model predicting concussion-reporting intentions. RESULTS College athletes were more likely to intend to report a suspected concussion when they believed their parents wanted them to report (B=-0.88, SD = 0.94), and when they experienced less sport achievement pressure from their parents (B=-0.12, SD = 8.07). CONCLUSIONS Parents influence the concussion safety of entering collegiate athletes at both the varsity and club level. Lower pressure sport parenting prior to college entry may help foster safer concussion reporting behaviors and may be an appropriate target for future intervention development work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Joan Fuller
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric E Hall
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline J Ketcham
- Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA
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Sullivan K, Kinmond S, Singaravelu Jaganathan K. Postconcussion discharge advice does not improve concussion knowledge in a community sample. Inj Prev 2022; 28:507-512. [PMID: 35701109 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor concussion knowledge in the community has been linked to reduced injury identification. This study investigated if concussion knowledge could be improved by providing standard postinjury advice (written brochure). METHODS This study was a prospective, controlled study, with random allocation of 199 Australian adults to receive either a concussion information (CI, n=101), or non-CI (n=98). All participants completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey on three occasions: pre-education and posteducation, and 1 week later. RESULTS A 2 (condition) × 3 (occasion) mixed analysis of variance with concussion knowledge as the dependent variable did not find a statistically significant interaction (p>0.05). This result was unchanged: (1) with the covariate addition of background education and; (2) in a subgroup analysis (individuals with initially 'low' self-rated knowledge). Some key misconceptions about concussion were identified. CONCLUSION The community knowledge of concussion was not significantly improved by the concussion advice. Since injury recognition relies ton an extent on community knowledge, the identified misconceptions should be addressed. This could occur via public health messaging. In clinical settings and for future research, the next steps should also include regular updating of concussion information to keep pace with advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally Kinmond
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kannan Singaravelu Jaganathan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Mallory KD, Saly L, Hickling A, Colquhoun H, Kroshus E, Reed N. Concussion Education in the School Setting: A Scoping Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:605-618. [PMID: 35259774 PMCID: PMC9311225 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussions are a prevalent injury among youth, and concussion education has the potential to promote positive concussion-related behaviors. Recent recommendations and legislation have increased concussion education provided in schools; however, little is known about the education context, delivery method, development, and evaluation. A scoping review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed literature on concussion education delivered in the school setting. METHODS Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC) to identify published articles from 2002 to July 16, 2020 that delivered concussion education in the school setting. Included studies described the concussion education and were written in English. RESULTS A total of 11,373 articles were identified and screened, with 27 studies meeting eligibility criteria and therefore, included. The studies delivered education to various stakeholders including students (n = 12; 44.4%), coaches (n = 5; 18.5%), educators (n = 3; 11.1%), parents (n = 1; 3.7%), and a mixed audience (n = 6; 22.2%). The education format varied and six studies (22.2%) developed the education based on a theory, model, or framework. CONCLUSIONS This study found substantial variability in the context, delivery method, development, and evaluation of education delivered in schools and further evaluation of this education is needed to ensure it is best-suited for school-based stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D. Mallory
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160TorontoONCanadaM5G 1V7
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital 150 Kilgour RoadTorontoONM4G 1R8
| | - Lauren Saly
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour RoadTorontoONM4G 1R8
| | - Andrea Hickling
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto 150 Kilgour RoadTorontoONM4G 1R8
| | - Heather Colquhoun
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto 160‐500 University Avenue, Room 924TorontoOntarioM5G 1V7
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Center for Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute 1920 Terry AvenueSeattleWA98101
| | - Nick Reed
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital 160‐500 University Avenue, Room 936TorontoOntarioM5G 1V7
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Suzuki K, Imamoto T, Nagai S, Takemura M. Knowledge of, and Attitudes Toward, Concussion in Japanese Male Collegiate Athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:835100. [PMID: 35252861 PMCID: PMC8894241 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.835100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan has no streamlined concussion education for collegiate athletes, and guidelines vary by sport. In particular, research on knowledge of, and attitudes toward, concussion is necessary for the establishment of concussion education for Japanese collegiate athletes. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of, and attitudes toward, concussion in Japanese male collegiate athletes and to investigate their experiences with suspected concussion symptoms. An online questionnaire was administered to 390 collegiate athletes participating in the following five sports with a high incidence of concussion: rugby union, soccer, basketball, American football, and judo. Of the 121 valid responses, 91 (77.1%) indicated that they had experienced suspected concussion symptoms at least once and 46 of these 91 respondents had not reported their symptoms of suspected concussion at least once. Athletes who had never experienced concussion symptoms were significantly less likely to recognize the symptoms of concussion (p < 0.001). Most athletes recognized headache and dizziness as suspected concussion symptoms. However, the recognition rate for several symptoms was lower than the prevalence of these symptoms as shown in previous studies. This suggests that educational initiatives might be important to bridge the gap between athletes' knowledge and understanding of frequently occurring concussion symptoms and to improve reporting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keita Suzuki
| | - Takashi Imamoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takemura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Finn C. Effects of a faculty training program on knowledge and awareness of student concussion and academic performance. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:453-460. [PMID: 32407248 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1754220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of implementing a concussion educational program to college faculty and to explore the effect of the program on faculty knowledge regarding concussion and the effect on learning and return to school. Methods: The study utilized a mixed method design, with a pretest and post-test to measure concussion knowledge before and after a didactic presentation on concussion and academic performance. Semi-structured interviews gathered information on faculty's perception of concussion and academic performance. Results: Faculty demonstrated improved scores on post-test knowledge assessment of concussion and academic performance. Faculty reported that they would be more likely to observe for signs of concussion in students, and would be more willing to adhere to recommendations for academic accommodations. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that a didactic presentation on concussion and academics may be a feasible method for training college faculty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Finn
- Department of Occupational Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, USA
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29
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Memmini AK, Van Pelt KL, Wicklund A, Breedlove KM, Broglio SP. Evaluating Adult Decision-Making Modifiers in Support of Youth Contact-Sport Participation. J Athl Train 2022; 57:44-50. [PMID: 35040986 PMCID: PMC8775283 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0125.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nearly 44 million youth participate in organized youth sports programs in the United States each year. However, approximately 25% of parents have considered removing their children from sports due to the fear of concussion. OBJECTIVE To determine which adult decision-making modifiers (eg, gender, educational attainment, career type) influenced support for youth contact-sports participation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Midwestern university and medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of staff and faculty (N = 5761; 73.9% female) from 2017 to 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Support for youth contact-sports participation using multivariate binary logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS The sample was split between adults with children (AWCs; n = 3465, age = 45.39 ± 13.27 years, 76.72% female) and adults without children (AWOCs; n = 2296, age = 30.84 ± 9.01 years, 70.26% female). Among AWCs, those who obtained a bachelor's degree or higher were more likely to support contact-sports participation. Females were more inclined to allow all contact sports, specifically football (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.64, 3.01) and ice hockey (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.78). Overall, previous adult sport participation, increasing number of children, and child gender were significant modifying variables in greater support of youth contact-sports participation among AWCs (P < .001). Among AWOCs, previous sport participation in football (OR = 3.27; 95% CI = 2.14, 4.87), ice hockey (OR = 4.26; 95% CI = 2.23, 8.17), or soccer (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.48, 3.54) increased the likelihood of an adult supporting contact-sports participation. Lastly, all adults were less inclined to support a daughter participating in any contact sport than a son. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal adult- and child-specific variables that may influence youth contact-sports participation. These decisions may be developed through the lens of certain gender role beliefs and may lead adults to perceive certain sports as more appropriate for sons than daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katherine M. Breedlove
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
,Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Weber Rawlins ML, Johnson BR, Register-Mihalik JK, DeAngelis K, Schmidt JD, D'Lauro CJ. United States Air Force Academy Cadets' Unprompted Knowledge of Concussions and "Bell Ringers" or "Dings": Perceived Differences and Similarities. J Athl Train 2022; 57:25-31. [PMID: 34129664 PMCID: PMC8775285 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0685.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT After a possible concussion mechanism, cadets are unlikely to have a list of concussion signs and symptoms at their disposal. As such, unprompted concussion knowledge may be an essential factor in personal recognition of injury. OBJECTIVE To explore determinants that contributed to United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) cadets' disclosure of a concussion. This research focused on 1 of 8 overall discovered themes of unprompted concussion knowledge. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Military academy. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Cadets at the USAFA (males = 23, females = 11, age = 19.91 ± 1.14 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We conducted 34 semistructured interviews. The transcribed text was analyzed in a 5-cycle process. From this process, 8 overall themes emerged, including unprompted concussion knowledge. Subthemes were concussion definition, concussion symptoms, "bell-ringer" or "ding" definition, "bell-ringer" or "ding" symptoms, and concussion versus "bell ringer" or "ding." RESULTS Many participants were able to describe a concussion fairly accurately. The most commonly listed concussion signs and symptoms were dizziness (n = 22/34, 64.7%); "can't remember"/"memory loss"/"forgetful" (n = 19/34, 55.9%); and headache (n = 16/34, 47.1%). The cadet participants characterized the most common bell-ringer or ding signs and symptoms as dizziness (n = 2/34, 5.9%) and headache (n = 2/34, 5.9%). Cadets also described how a bell ringer or ding differs from a concussion, often commenting that concussions were more severe than bell ringers or dings. CONCLUSIONS Overall, USAFA cadet participants listed common concussion signs and symptoms. However, they perceived differences between a concussion and a bell ringer or ding. Although decreasing the use of colloquial terms for concussion is recommended, use of these terms when examining a concussion history may be helpful. Concussion-education interventions should continue to focus on describing concussion signs and symptoms using cadets' own words to describe the injury (eg, "forgetful") but differentiating between what may and may not be a concussion and encouraging individuals to consult health care providers regarding possible concussion symptoms.
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Radzak KN, Hunzinger KJ, Costantini KM, Swanik CB, Buckley TA. Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes in Reserve Officers' Training Corps Cadets. Mil Med 2021; 188:usab521. [PMID: 34915567 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Military members' knowledge of concussion signs and symptoms may be critical to appropriate concussion identification and health-seeking behavior, particularly for those in leadership roles. The current study aimed to characterize concussion knowledge and attitudes among future military officers undergoing U.S.-based Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) training. MATERIALS AND METHODS Army and Air Force ROTC cadets at 2 large, public universities were utilized for a survey-based observational study. The study was approved by the institutional review board at both university research sites. Cadets completed a modified Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey to obtain cadets' Concussion Knowledge Index and Concussion Attitude Index, where higher scores are preferable. Cadets' concussion knowledge and attitudes were characterized via descriptive statistics. RESULTS Cadets (n = 110) had a mean Concussion Knowledge Index of 18.8 ± 3.2 (range = 9-23, out of 25). Potentially detrimental misconceptions included: belief that typically concussion symptoms no longer persist after 10 days (79.1%) and brain imaging shows visible physical damage following concussion (74.5%). Mean Concussion Attitude Index was 60.6 ± 7.4 (range = 46-75, out of 75). In general, cadets reported higher agreement with safe concussion behavior than what they believe peers would report. CONCLUSIONS Cadets were found to have a high concussion knowledge, yet common misconceptions remained. Cadets consistently reported safe choices but were less sure that peers felt similarly; future investigations should evaluate ROTC concussion social norms and education should note peers' beliefs supporting safe concussion attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara N Radzak
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Katherine J Hunzinger
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Katelyn M Costantini
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C Buz Swanik
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Thomas A Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Roberts SD, Schatz P, Register-Mihalik J, Wojtowicz M. Parent knowledge of and attitudes towards youth sport-related concussion and associations with child and parent factors. Concussion 2021; 6:CNC93. [PMID: 35433025 PMCID: PMC9008503 DOI: 10.2217/cnc-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to better understand parental knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric sport-related concussions, and association with parent/child biopsychosocial factors. Methods: A community sample of ninety families (n = 140 children) were included. Parental concussion knowledge and attitudes, concussion history, sport participation and social risk status score (SRS) were collected. Results: Parents scored an average of 76% accuracy on factual concussion knowledge, with 74% confidence in responses. Parents endorsed a favorable attitude toward concussion reporting and management. Low SRS had higher perceived accuracy of knowledge than medium or high SRS (p = 0.003). SRS influenced over-and-underestimations of factual knowledge (p = .04). Age at first sport and sport contact level influenced factual and perceived concussion knowledge. Conclusion: These findings identify common gaps in concussion knowledge in parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip Schatz
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Johna Register-Mihalik
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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Hoersten T, Gray A, Payne EK, Gear W, Hageman J. Investigating Concussion Knowledge in US Born Versus Internationally Born Collegiate Student-Athletes in the United States. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:e363-e366. [PMID: 32941377 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare concussion knowledge between US born and internationally born collegiate student-athletes. Furthermore, to investigate whether length of time in the United States impacted concussion knowledge. DESIGN Survey. SETTING Preparticipation physicals at a midwestern NAIA college. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred one collegiate student-athletes. INTERVENTIONS Demographic questionnaire and the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES t test was used to determine whether a difference in Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) scores exists between US born and internationally born student-athletes. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine significance for length of time in the United States. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found for CKI scores between US born (19.22 ± 2.38) and internationally born student-athletes (18.01 ± 2.57) (t = 3.895, P = 0.000). Analysis of variance demonstrated statistically significant difference for CKI scores (F2,300 = 13.883, P = 0.001). Post hoc analysis found significant differences in CKI scores between US born (19.22 ± 2.38) and internationally born student-athletes in the United States less than 2 years (17.31 ± 2.52) (P = 0.000), and between internationally born student-athletes in the United States 2 or more years (19.15 ± 2.25) and internationally born student-athletes in the United States less than 2 years (17.31 ± 2.52) (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Among this sample, being born in the United States and length of time in the United States contribute to student-athletes' concussion knowledge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Standardized guidelines are needed to assist health care professionals in properly educating student-athletes about concussions as the recognition and management of concussions can be affected by a student-athlete's knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Hoersten
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | | | | | - William Gear
- University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin; and
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Sullivan KA. Can Adults Recognize Concussion Symptoms? A Critical Review of Empirical Research Using the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:509-515. [PMID: 34009792 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The correct identification of concussion symptoms is vital for mild traumatic brain injury recognition, diagnosis, and injury management. Numerous surveys of symptom recognition have been conducted, including with athletes at-risk for injury. This critical, methodologically focused review aimed to: (1) discover which concussion symptoms are recognized, and (2) provide recommendations for future research. DATA SOURCES A quasi-systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that used the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. STUDY SELECTION Eighty-five publications were identified, 8 of which were retained after screening. DATA EXTRACTION The identification of individual concussion symptoms was coded as good (a correct response by >90% of the sample), moderate (a correct response by 75%-90% of the sample), or poor (a correct response by <75% of the sample). DATA SYNTHESIS The pooled data comprised responses from more than 2000 individuals, most of whom were male, young adult, sport players. Overall, there was good recognition of 3 concussion symptoms (headaches, dizziness, and confusion), poor recognition of sleep disturbances, nausea, and loss of consciousness, and misattribution to concussion of 2 distractor symptoms (weakness of neck range of motion, difficulty speaking). The methodological evaluation revealed significant variability in symptom measurement. CONCLUSIONS The identified trends for concussion symptom recognition must be regarded as tentative because of the significant methodological variation in the reviewed studies. This variability affected the number, wording, and classification of items, and it restricted the data synthesis. This problem must be addressed in future research and recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Sullivan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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35
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De Araújo AVL, Areza-Fegyveres R, Guariglia CC, Ianof JN, Baratho RM, Demario JLC, Watanabe RGS, Anghinah R. Level of knowledge and misconceptions about brain concussion in Brazilian adults. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:469-477. [PMID: 34320052 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2019-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain concussion (BC) is seen as a public health priority due to its high incidence and morbidity rate, among thousands of people around the world. There are needs for fast identification, accurate diagnosis and correct management in order to reduce the short and long-term problems relating to BC. Proper knowledge of BC in the population and among clinicians is a critical factor in achieving this. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the level of self-reported BC knowledge and gaps/misconceptions, and to identify variables correlated with this level. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive survey was performed. A Brain Concussion Knowledge Questionnaire (BCKQ) that had been created to capture data was widely distributed. Total scores, domain partial scores and percentages of correct and incorrect answers were calculated to ascertain the level of knowledge relating to BC. RESULTS The sample was formed by 1,247 Brazilian adults (age: 41.7±11.8 years). Partial scores of the BCKQ revealed the existence of poor knowledge and misconceptions in all domains of the questionnaire, especially regarding questions about recovery from and management of BC. Moderate correlations between BCKQ scores and professions (p=0.312; P=0.00) or previous brain concussion knowledge (p=0.489; P=0.00) were observed. In a multiple linear regression model, age, profession and sports practice were predictors of BC knowledge. CONCLUSION This first study to analyze the level of BC knowledge in a sample of Brazilian adults suggests that poor knowledge and misconceptions are present. Thus, meaningful and useful information was provided by this study for developing health education programs about BC for the population in order to improve fast diagnosis and correct BC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Areza-Fegyveres
- Universidade de São Paulo, Ambulatório de Reabilitação Cognitiva Pós-Trauma Cranioencefálico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Guariglia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Ambulatório de Reabilitação Cognitiva Pós-Trauma Cranioencefálico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Natuline Ianof
- Universidade de São Paulo, Ambulatório de Reabilitação Cognitiva Pós-Trauma Cranioencefálico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Gustavo Sato Watanabe
- Universidade de São Paulo, Ambulatório de Reabilitação Cognitiva Pós-Trauma Cranioencefálico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Anghinah
- Universidade de São Paulo, Ambulatório de Reabilitação Cognitiva Pós-Trauma Cranioencefálico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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King C, Coughlan E. Blowing the Whistle on Concussion Knowledge and Education in Youth Sport Referees. Open Access J Sports Med 2021; 12:109-117. [PMID: 34377036 PMCID: PMC8349549 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s324191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To gain an understanding of referee concussion knowledge, what sporting organizations were doing to prepare their referees to recognize concussions in youth sport, and what role referees could play in overall concussion safety. Materials and Methods A total of 134 referees participated in the study across four provincial sporting organizations (rugby, soccer, ice hockey, and football). Participants completed a concussion knowledge questionnaire that explored knowledge about concussion education, recognition, management, preparedness, and the role of the referee in overall concussion management. Results Overall, the sample was found to be moderately knowledgeable about concussions. Referees that received previous formal concussion education had statistically significant higher average scores when compared to those without formalized concussion education (P=0.001). However, only 24% of respondents reported receiving any formal education from their sporting body or referee organization. About 85% felt that referees could play an important role in concussion recognition in youth sport, but only 41% felt they were adequately equipped with the knowledge and skills to recognize these injuries. Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that national, provincial, and individual sporting organizations should ensure that all stakeholders (including referees) are formally educated about concussions to encourage a safety-first environment for youth athletes. Educational sessions should focus on the general aspects of SRC while also focusing on the specific role of the referee in concussion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin King
- School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Erin Coughlan
- School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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McCarthy KS, Kneavel M, Ernst W. Psychometric properties of concussion knowledge and cognitive mediators of reporting measures. Brain Inj 2021; 35:1210-1217. [PMID: 34347541 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1959064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Context: Concussion education and prevention programs require reliable and valid instruments to evaluate the theory, mechanisms, and outcome of these interventions Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of measures evaluating concussion education and prevention programsDesign: Descriptive epidemiological Setting: 10 NCAA-member universities Patients or Other Participants: 841 student-athletes in an RCT control group testing an ecological, peer-led concussion education program Main Outcome Measures: Instruments adapted for assessing concussion knowledge and Theory of Planned Behavior/Theory of Reasoned Action (TPB/TRA) cognitive mediators of reporting behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, and intentions to report concussion). Participants completed measures at baseline, after one hour, and after one month Results: Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were moderate for both the concussion knowledge and cognitive mediator measures. TPB/TRA was supported subscale intercorrelation and item factor analysis in the cognitive mediator scale. Factor analysis of the concussion knowledge measure revealed subscales for physical/cognitive, psychological/affective, and non-symptoms. The intermediate TPB/TRA mediators of attitudes, norms, and perceived control predicted greater intention-to-report, which predicted increased likelihood of reporting concussion one month later.Conclusions: Measures of concussion knowledge and cognitive mediators of reporting adapted from the literature show adequate psychometric properties and support TPB/TRA application for concussion reporting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S McCarthy
- , Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meredith Kneavel
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Concussion Education and Research of Chestnut Hill College
| | - William Ernst
- , Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Adams SA, Richards H, Sproule J, Hutchinson PJ, Turner AP. A Concussion Education Programme for Motorsport Drivers: A Field-Based Exploratory Pilot Study. Brain Inj 2021; 35:1011-1021. [PMID: 34264789 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1944669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concussion education strategies that improve knowledge and attitudes long term are needed. This exploratory study piloted an interactive concussion education program, adopting concepts from the learning sciences and attitude change literature, for the underserved and high-risk population of motorsports. METHOD Forty UK motorsport drivers (ages 16-20 years) participated. The workshop group received a two-phased workshop-based program. The comparison group received a concussion leaflet. Participants completed an adapted version of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS-ST) at pre-, post- and 2-month follow-up. Within-group analysis for the workshop group explored the differential effect of the individual difference variable, Need for Cognition (NfC), and effectiveness was explored through post-workshop questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS Unlike the comparison group, the workshop group showed a significant improvement in knowledge over time (F(2,58) = 45.49, p < .001, η2p = .61). Qualitative data indicated workshop-program participants developed safer attitudes toward concussion following programming. Preliminary evidence suggested individuals' responses to concussion education aligned with differences in NfC. CONCLUSION This study piloted the first concussion education program for motorsport drivers and explored whether aligning educational provision with the NfC construct may help to improve program effectiveness. Findings are relevant to addressing the public health issue of concussion through educational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Adams
- Institute for Sport, PE & Health Sciences Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Hugh Richards
- Institute for Sport, PE & Health Sciences Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - John Sproule
- Institute for Sport, PE & Health Sciences Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Academic Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Institute for Sport, PE & Health Sciences Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Doucette MM, Du Plessis S, Webber AM, Whalen C, Garcia-Barrera MA. In it to win it: Competitiveness, concussion knowledge and nondisclosure in athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2021; 49:194-202. [PMID: 32767898 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1807886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite having a general understanding of concussions, many athletes choose not to report symptoms of a sports-related concussion (SRC) which leads to a larger burden on our healthcare system due to longer recoveries, more Emergency Department visits, and future medical appointments. Thus, there is a need to identify factors, such as competitiveness, that may help to better explain the nondisclosure of concussion symptoms. The current study aimed to investigate the role of athletes' concussion knowledge and competitiveness on concussion nondisclosure. METHODS Participants included 161 Canadian athletes (ages 14-32; 71% male) participating in collision sports (American football, rugby, hockey), soccer or rowing. Concussion knowledge, reporting and competitiveness were measured using the Rosenbaum Concussion Attitude and Knowledge Survey and Sports Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ). Two logistic regression models were performed to explain both history and future intention of playing despite experiencing concussion symptoms. RESULTS Age, sex, and concussion knowledge were not significant for the regression models. The SOQ scores (measuring competitiveness) were significant for both regression models, such that higher competitiveness was associated with increased likelihood for past nondisclosure (b =.03, p =.03, OR = 1.03 (97.5% CI: 1.003,1.06)) and future nondisclosure intention (b =.05, p =.00, OR = 1.05 (97.5% CI: 1.03,1.08)). Regarding concussion knowledge, soccer players had significantly higher knowledge than those in collision sports and rugby, F(2, 158) = 140.5, p =.00; female athletes had significantly higher knowledge than males, t(66) = -4.26, p =.00; age was negatively associated with concussion knowledge (r = -0.35, p < .01). CONCLUSION The results suggest that healthcare providers should be aware that athletes tend to have adequate concussion knowledge, but this knowledge does not explain past nondisclosure or future nondisclosure intention. Based on these findings, healthcare providers should focus on being able to identify highly competitive athletes who are most at risk of nondisclosure instead of exclusively aiming to increase concussion knowledge in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Doucette
- Department of Psychology, CORTEX Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Sané Du Plessis
- Department of Psychology, CORTEX Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Amanda M Webber
- Department of Psychology, CORTEX Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Chelsea Whalen
- Department of Psychology, CORTEX Lab, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Labiste CC, McElroy E, Chaniotakis S, Duong N, Haffizulla F. Effectiveness of PitchSafe on Knowledge and Attitude of Baseball-Related Concussion. Cureus 2021; 13:e14732. [PMID: 34084667 PMCID: PMC8163345 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), specifically concussions, affect many athletes and have dangerous immediate and long-term sequelae. Lack of awareness surrounding concussion impedes prevention, identification, and treatment. This study aims to assess parental knowledge and attitudes regarding concussions in youth baseball before and after administering an educational intervention called PitchSafe. PitchSafe is a short video that contains examples of baseball-related head injuries such as collisions, falls, and direct hits by baseballs; the signs and symptoms of a concussion; testimony from a former baseball player who sustained a TBI playing baseball; and a brochure detailing the potential signs, symptoms, and treatment plans associated with concussions. Methodology The Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) was used to assess three indices of parental understanding of concussion: Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI), Concussion Attitudes Index (CAI), and signs and symptoms of concussions (SS). The RoCKAS was administered at baseline and after the PitchSafe tool was administered. Parents were re-assessed one year following the initial distribution of survey materials utilizing the long-term follow-up (LTFU) RoCKAS. A paired sample t-test was conducted to compare the baseline, post-intervention (PI), and LTFU CKI, CAI, and SS among participants. Results The mean scores for CKI were 68% ± 12%, 76% ± 4%, and 76% ± 5% for baseline, PI, and LTFU, respectively. The mean scores for SS were 46% ± 20%, 62% ± 14%, and 64% ± 16% for baseline, PI, and LTFU, respectively. The mean scores for CAI were 87% ± 6%, 91% ± 5%, and 92% ± 4% for baseline, PI, and LTFU, respectively. Conclusions PitchSafe increased youth baseball parents’ long-term knowledge of concussions, ability to identify signs and symptoms of concussions, and may promote safer attitudes toward concussions. These findings support more widespread use of educational tools through social media and in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase C Labiste
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Evan McElroy
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Sotiris Chaniotakis
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Nicolette Duong
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Farzanna Haffizulla
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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O'Brien KH, Wallace T, Kemp A. Student Perspectives on the Role of Peer Support Following Concussion: Development of the SUCCESS Peer Mentoring Program. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:933-948. [PMID: 33556263 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose College students with concussion are often ill-equipped to manage their health and learning needs, and college campuses are slow to react. We present the development of a peer mentoring program for college students with concussion: Success in College after Concussion with Effective Student Supports (SUCCESS), focusing on the process by which student needs and preferences drove development of the program for testing. Method Principles of person-centered design were used to guide program development, engaging stakeholders at each stage of development and resulting in the intervention package presented to student participants here. A series of interviews and focus groups with 11 students with concussion addressed student needs after concussion, student perceptions of the role of peers in recovery, and feedback on program development. Results Findings indicate students have limited knowledge about concussion, and concussion impacts extend beyond school, although students are most concerned about their studies. Students reported struggling to communicate with professors and find resources on campus to aid in their reentry to learning. Regarding peer mentoring, students report benefiting from hearing about other's successes and sharing personal narratives of injury and recovery. Students reported high acceptability of a peer mentoring program, both for psychosocial support and access to resources. Conclusions College students with concussion have unmet needs as they return to learn. The SUCCESS peer mentoring program is highly acceptable to students, who report that they would expect such a program to be engaging and to meet their needs. The program's impact on student academic and psychosocial outcomes should be investigated through comparative efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy H O'Brien
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Tracey Wallace
- Complex Concussion Clinic, Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy Kemp
- Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education, University of Georgia, Athens
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Deuschle C, Keith J, Dugan K, Williams M, Taravath S, Lecci L. Baseline Concussion Testing Increases Agreement With Favorable Concussion Safety Decisions in Hypothetical Scenarios. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:732-739. [PMID: 33853415 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211003509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dangers of sports-related concussion are well documented, and those participating in sports involving significant contact are at an even higher risk relative to the general population. Despite extensive concussion education, athletes still make decisions that would be considered unsafe, such as underreporting and continuing to play despite experiencing symptoms. Although baseline testing is an increasingly common practice at all levels of sport, little is known about its ability to improve player safety perceptions. AIMS The current study examines whether taking part in a standardized baseline concussion assessment changes athletes' knowledge, attitudes, or perceptions of concussion safety decisions. METHOD A total of 229 club and National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes completed a modified Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey-Student Version (RoCKAS-ST), which was used to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of concussion safety decisions in hypothetical scenarios. Athletes were randomly assigned to either complete baseline concussion testing prior to the RoCKAS-ST or complete baseline testing after the RoCKAS-ST. RESULTS Athletes randomly assigned to complete baseline testing before the RoCKAS-ST demonstrated greater agreement with favorable concussion safety decisions in hypothetical scenarios relative to athletes completing baseline testing after the RoCKAS-ST. The two conditions did not differ with respect to concussion knowledge or attitudes. DISCUSSION Baseline testing appears to have an added benefit of resulting in more favorable perceptions toward making safe decisions following suspected concussions. CONCLUSION Baseline testing may provide an effective means of improving a broader constellation of concussion safety behavior, particularly in club athletes, who are typically underserved in terms of concussion-related resources and care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Keith
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Dugan
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Mark Williams
- New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Sasi Taravath
- New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Len Lecci
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, NC, USA
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Sullivan L, Pursell L, Molcho M. Concussion-reporting behaviors among high school athletes in Ireland: Applying the theory of planned behavior. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2059700221992951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sport-related concussion is a significant public health issue, especially among children and adolescents. A growing body of evidence suggests that athletes who do not immediately report concussion and continue to play while concussed take longer to recover than their counterparts. Yet, many child and adolescent athletes do not immediately report concussion symptoms to a responsible adult. Aim This study examined the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting concussion reporting intentions and in-season reporting behaviors among high school, Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes in the Republic of Ireland. Methods High school GAA athletes aged 12-18 years completed surveys at baseline and at three-month follow-up. Concussion-related perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitudes, subjective norms, and reporting intentions were assessed at baseline. In-season concussion reporting behaviors were assessed at three-month follow-up. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the constructs of the TPB and baseline reporting intentions. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the constructs of the TPB and in-season reporting behaviors. All data were collected during the 2016–2017 academic year. Results A total of 153 adolescent athletes were included (n = 102 [66.7%] females; Mage = 14.4 years, [SD = 1.6]). Consistent with the TPB, results revealed that PBC and reporting intentions contributed to the prediction of in-season reporting behaviors. Reporting intentions, in turn, were strongly influenced by PBC, attitudes, and subjective norms. PBC was the strongest predictor of concussion reporting intentions and in-season reporting behaviors; the stronger the athletes’ PBC, the stronger their reporting intentions and the more likely they were to have reported concussion symptoms during the current season. Conclusion Although the findings from the current study must be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size, the findings suggest that the TPB has some utility in the prediction of concussion reporting intentions and reporting behaviors. However, our findings suggest that the TPB should not be used in isolation; other models that incorporate personal factors and environmental constraints may be needed to better our understanding of concussion reporting intentions and behaviors among high school athletes. Concussion education programs that include strategies to enhance PBC over concussion reporting may help improve concussion reporting behaviors among high school athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Sullivan
- Discipline of Children’s Studies, School of Languages, College of Arts, Social Sciences, & Celtic Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Pursell
- Discipline of Health Promotion, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michal Molcho
- Discipline of Children’s Studies, School of Languages, College of Arts, Social Sciences, & Celtic Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Ajayi PT, Garavito DM, Reyna VF. Socioeconomic status and concussion reporting: The distinct and mediating roles of gist processing, knowledge, and attitudes. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Ajayi
- Department of Human Development, Human Neuroscience Institute Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - David M.N. Garavito
- Department of Human Development, Human Neuroscience Institute Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Valerie F. Reyna
- Department of Human Development, Human Neuroscience Institute Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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Daneshvar DH, Yutsis M, Baugh CM, Pea RD, Goldman S, Grant GA, Ghajar J, Sanders LM, Chen C, Tenekedjieva LT, Gurrapu S, Zafonte RD, Sorcar P. Evaluating the Effect of Concussion Education Programs on Intent to Report Concussion in High School Football. J Athl Train 2021; 56:1197-1208. [PMID: 33428746 DOI: 10.4085/509-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Concussion underreporting leads to delays in diagnosis and treatment, prolonging recovery time. Athletes' self-report of concussion symptoms therefore reduces risk. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the efficacy of three concussion education programs in improving concussion-reporting intention. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial with assessment immediately and one-month after education. SETTING Three high schools in California. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 118 male football players were randomly assigned to receive concussion education via: CrashCourse (CC), Centers for Disease Control (CDC) video educational materials (Vi), or CDC written educational materials (Wr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion-reporting intention was assessed at baseline, immediately after education, and at one-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included concussion knowledge, attitudes, perceived reporting norms, and perceived behavioral control. RESULTS Athletes across all educational formats had significant improvement in concussion-reporting intention immediately following education and at one-month follow-up (mean improvement 6.8% and 11.4%, respectively; p<0.001). Similar findings were observed across all education formats in secondary analyses examining knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. However, there were significant differences by education and time (p=0.03). On post-hoc analysis, athletes who received CC had increased concussion-reporting intention immediately and at one-month (baseline=4.7, immediate=6.1, one-month=6.0; p=0.007 compared to significant increases only at one-month for CDC-Vi (baseline=4.3, immediate=5.2, one-month=5.8; p=0.001), and no significant improvement for CDC-Wr (p=0.10). Secondary analyses indicated significant differences between CC and both CDC interventions, in concussion knowledge and attitudes, immediately after education and at one-month. There were no significant differences in perceived behavioral control between-interventions or in perceived concussion-reporting norms across or between interventions. CONCLUSION All athletes exhibited improved intent to report concussions, increased concussion knowledge, better concussion attitudes, and more perceived behavioral control, both immediately after education and at one-month follow-up. However, athletes randomized to CC reported greater intent to report concussion, more knowledge, and improved concussion-reporting attitudes, when compared to CDC-Vi and CDC-Wr. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov trial ID number is XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Daneshvar
- Active Staff, Harvard Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Boston University, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center. e-mail:
| | - Maya Yutsis
- Assistant Professor, Stanford University, Department of Neurology. e-mail:
| | - Christine M Baugh
- Assistant Professor, Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus. e-mail:
| | - Roy D Pea
- David Jacks Professor of Learning Sciences and Education, Stanford University, Graduate School of Education. e-mail:
| | - Shelley Goldman
- Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs and for Student Affairs and Professor of Education, Stanford University, Graduate School of Education. e-mail:
| | - Gerald A Grant
- Endowed Professor in Pediatric Neurosurgery and Professor, by courtesy, of Neurology, Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery. e-mail:
| | - Jamshid Ghajar
- Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, Moghadam Family Director of the Stanford Brain Performance Center, Stanford, University, Stanford Concussion and Brain Performance Center, Department of Neurosurgery. e-mail:
| | - Lee M Sanders
- Associate Professor, Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics. e-mail:
| | - Christine Chen
- Medical Student, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
| | | | - Shravya Gurrapu
- Student, Stanford University, School of Humanities and Sciences, School of Engineering. e-mail:
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Earle P. and Ida S. Charlton Professor and Chairman of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. e-mail:
| | - Piya Sorcar
- Lecturer and Adjunct Affiliate, Stanford University, School of Education.
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Hill S, Magrath R, White A. “Part and parcel of the game?” Physical education teachers, head trauma, and the Rugby Football Union’s “Headcase” programme. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1848446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hill
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Rory Magrath
- Faculty of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - Adam White
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Follmer B, Varga AA, Zehr EP. Understanding concussion knowledge and behavior among mixed martial arts, boxing, kickboxing, and Muay Thai athletes and coaches. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:417-423. [PMID: 32067547 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1729668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In combat sports, strikes to the head are not just incidental but a deliberate and clear determinant of success. Concussion is a complex injury that is poorly understood and inappropriate practices are often observed among athletes and coaches. The purpose of this study was to investigate concussion knowledge and behavior as well as address recommendations for combat sports athletes and coaches. Methods: 70 athletes and 35 coaches from combat sports disciplines completed an online-validated survey and a personal questionnaire about concussion knowledge, training experience, and knowledge translation. Athletes were divided into subgroups for analysis according to sex (male n = 55, female n = 15), skill level (amateur n = 52, professional n = 18), and weight classes (<66.2 kg: n = 25, 66.6 to 77.5 kg: n = 30, and >78 kg: n = 15). Results: The likely absence of health-care professionals during training was confirmed by 68.5% of coaches, and athletes declared that self-diagnosis (79%) and coaches' diagnosis (43.3%) were the most used method of suspected concussion assessment. Merely 5.7% of coaches properly recognized the level of traumatic brain injury a concussion represents, 68.8% were unfamiliar with any sideline assessment tools, and only 14.3% often seek out concussion knowledge. Athletes who were aware of the level of brain injury a concussion represents performed fewer sparring sessions per week (mild: 1.27 ± 1.1; severe: 3.17 ± 2.81; p = .05, d = .89) and had a greater likelihood of reporting concussive episodes. Most professional (55.5%), female (54.5%), and under 66.2 kg (50%) athletes returned to full practice within 1 week following a concussion diagnosis. Conclusions: Relevant key gaps of knowledge and behavior were verified in combat sports athletes and coaches. The awareness of basic concepts may improve injury reporting and safer behavior in athletes. Knowledge translation strategies with accessible language are recommended for coaches, in particular on how to identify acute symptoms and perform basic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Follmer
- School of Exercise Science, Physical, and Health Education, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.,Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada
| | | | - E Paul Zehr
- School of Exercise Science, Physical, and Health Education, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.,Rehabilitation Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.,Human Discovery Science, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) , Vancouver, Canada.,Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Victoria, Canada
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Concussion in Motorsport? Experience, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Priorities of Medical Personnel and Drivers. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30:568-577. [PMID: 30113965 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess concussion experiences, knowledge, and attitudes of motorsport medical personnel and drivers and to determine priority areas regarding concussion within the sport. DESIGN Sequential mixed-method design. Part 1: stakeholder interviews; part 2: cross-sectional online survey. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Part 1: key motorsport stakeholders (N = 8); part 2: motorsport medical personnel and drivers (N = 209) representing amateur and/or professional 4-wheeled motorsport. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concussion experience, knowledge, attitudes, and perceived priority areas. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of surveyed drivers (age = 37.91 ± 13.49 years: 89% male) reported suffering from concussion in motorsport. Eighty-seven percent of surveyed medical personnel (age = 48.60 ± 10.68 years: 74% male) reported experience with concussed drivers, and 34% reported feeling pressured to clear a driver with concussion. Gaps in knowledge and misperceptions about concussion were reported in both groups, and disparity between concussion attitudes emerged between drivers and medical personnel. Application of assessment and management procedures varied between medical personnel and there was evidence motorsport policy and concussion guidelines may not be directly followed. According to both medical personnel (77%) and drivers (85%), "education and training" is the top priority area for the sport. CONCLUSIONS There is clear evidence of concussions in motorsport, but accurate knowledge about this injury is missing. Concussion education and training for all drivers and medical personnel is required. Additional investigations into concussion attitudes are advised to complement and advance simple educational initiatives. Further investigation is also required to determine how to best support motorsport medical personnel, and general practitioners, who hold significant responsibility in guiding drivers from diagnosis to return to racing, and to support the effective implementation of policy.
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Conaghan C, Daly E, Pearce AJ, King DA, Ryan L. A systematic review of the effects of educational interventions on knowledge and attitudes towards concussion for people involved in sport - Optimising concussion education based on current literature. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:552-567. [PMID: 33081578 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1835223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Educational interventions aimed at increasing concussion knowledge and attitudes are designed according to different frameworks. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to determine the effects of educational interventions on concussion knowledge and attitudes, while providing recommendations for future research in the area of concussion education interventions. Data were extracted from 25 papers following a systematic search of the CINAHL, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science scientific databases. Interventions were designed according to expert opinion and recommendations from previous research, such as knowledge transfer frameworks, the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour or by unknown means. Interventions were presented using PowerPoint presentations, videos, interactive computer modules, tool-kits, games and as guidelines. Interventions designed according to expert opinion increased concussion knowledge during post-intervention testing up to 2 weeks after intervention administration, and occasionally increased attitudes, with both knowledge and attitude improvements tending to return to baseline levels over-time. Interventions designed according to recommendations from previous research tend to increase both knowledge and attitudes with lack of follow-up data to determine long-term effects. Future concussion educational interventions should be designed according to expert opinion and using a knowledge transfer framework. The long-term effects of interventions require more research in order to design more effective educational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caomhan Conaghan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ed Daly
- Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alan J Pearce
- College of Sport, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Doug A King
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
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Weber Rawlins ML, Welch Bacon CE, Tomporowski P, Gay JL, Bierema LL, Schmidt JD. Using the health belief model to predict concussion-reporting intentions and behaviour. Brain Inj 2020; 34:16455-16465. [PMID: 33044873 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1831069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether Health Belief Model (HBM) factors predict concussion-reporting intentions and behaviour. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey to measure the HBM constructs of concussion knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action. We also asked participants to indicate their concussion-reporting intentions and behaviourfor symptom and concussion reporting. Four separate multivariable regressions were conducted to predict concussion-reporting intentions and behaviour based on HBM constructs. Results: Cues to action (β = 0.25, p= .016) predicted symptom reporting intentions (F7,318 = 4.44, p< .001, R2 = 0.089), while perceived benefits (β = 0.12, p= .018), perceived barriers (β = -0.11, p= .034) and cues to action (β = 0.29, p< .001) predicted concussion-reporting intentions (F7,318 = 11.34, p < .001, R2 = 0.200). The HBM did not predict symptom or concussion-reporting behavior (symptom: Χ2 = 5.51, p= .138, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.096; concussion: Χ2 = 5.20, p= .157, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.159). Conclusions: Strategies to reduce perceived barriers and increase benefits of reporting concussion symptoms may improve reporting intentions. This may include cues to action in sharing a positive view toward long-term health and dispelling that reporting a concussion would let down teammates. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Weber Rawlins
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A.T. Still University , Mesa, Arizona, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cailee E Welch Bacon
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, A.T. Still University , Mesa, Arizona, USA.,School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, A.T. Still University , Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Gay
- Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura L Bierema
- Department of Lifelong Education, Administration, and Policy, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia, USA
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