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Patel H, Nooner KB, Reich JC, Woodley MMO, Cummins K, Brown SA. Trauma's distinctive and combined effects on subsequent substance use, mental health, and neurocognitive functioning with the NCANDA sample. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101427. [PMID: 39111118 PMCID: PMC11347063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and potentially traumatic events (PTEs) contribute to increased substance use, mental health issues, and cognitive impairments. However, there's not enough research on how TBI and PTEs combined impact mental heath, substance use, and neurocognition. METHODS This study leverages a subset of The National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) multi-site dataset with 551 adolescents to assess the combined and distinctive impacts of TBI, PTEs, and TBI+PTEs (prior to age 18) on substance use, mental health, and neurocognitive outcomes at age 18. RESULTS TBI, PTEs, and TBI+PTEs predicted greater lifetime substance use and past-year alcohol and cannabis use. PTEs predicted greater internalizing symptoms, while TBI+PTEs predicted greater externalizing symptoms. Varying effects on neurocognitive outcomes included PTEs influencing attention accuracy and TBI+PTEs predicting faster speed in emotion tasks. PTEs predicted greater accuracy in abstraction-related tasks. Associations with working memory were not detected. CONCLUSION This exploratory study contributes to the growing literature on the complex interplay between TBI, PTEs, and adolescent mental health, substance use, and neurocognition. The developmental implications of trauma via TBIs and/or PTEs during adolescence are considerable and worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herry Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kate Brody Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.
| | - Jessica C Reich
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.
| | - Mary Milo O Woodley
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Public Health, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Fu Z, Liu M, Wang S, Zhang H, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Ming P, Song J, Xu G. Impairment of inhibitory control due to repetitive subconcussions from indirect brain impacts: Evidence from event-related potentials and resting-state EEG complexity in parachuters. Brain Res Bull 2024; 216:111053. [PMID: 39173778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the unknown relationship between inhibitory control and repetitive subconcussion induced by the indirect brain impacts. We enrolled 28 parachuters exposed to repetitive subconcussion (SC) and 27 matched health controls (HC). Parachuters who have completed at least 70 actual parachuting (71-112 times) and at least 1500 simulated platform jumps (1500-4500 times) were included in the SC group. The SC group had a reduced accuracy rate in both the Stroop congruent and incongruent conditions. Larger N2 and N450 amplitudes were elicited in the frontal regions of the SC group, which indicate compensatory adaptations to the deficit in conflict monitoring. The reduced frontal resting-state EEG complexity in full-band (1-40 Hz) may demonstrate the frontal structural damage following the indirect brain impacts of repetitive subconcussion. Pearson correlation analysis showed that in the SC group, the frontal beta-band sample entropy values are positively correlated with the accuracy rate of the Stroop incongruent condition, suggesting the frontal beta-band sample entropy values may serve as potential electrophysiological markers of impaired inhibitory control after indirectly repetitive brain impacts. This study provides the robust evidence that repetitive subconcussion resulting from indirect brain impacts may lead to impairment of inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Fu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- Airborne Troop Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuochen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Avenue, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yuanyi Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Shanghai Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Shanghai Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | | | - Jian Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guozheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Müller VI, Cieslik EC, Ficco L, Tyralla S, Sepehry AA, Aziz-Safaie T, Feng C, Eickhoff SB, Langner R. Not All Stroop-Type Tasks Are Alike: Assessing the Impact of Stimulus Material, Task Design, and Cognitive Demand via Meta-analyses Across Neuroimaging Studies. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-024-09647-1. [PMID: 39264479 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-024-09647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Stroop effect is one of the most often studied examples of cognitive conflict processing. Over time, many variants of the classic Stroop task were used, including versions with different stimulus material, control conditions, presentation design, and combinations with additional cognitive demands. The neural and behavioral impact of this experimental variety, however, has never been systematically assessed. We used activation likelihood meta-analysis to summarize neuroimaging findings with Stroop-type tasks and to investigate whether involvement of the multiple-demand network (anterior insula, lateral frontal cortex, intraparietal sulcus, superior/inferior parietal lobules, midcingulate cortex, and pre-supplementary motor area) can be attributed to resolving some higher-order conflict that all of the tasks have in common, or if aspects that vary between task versions lead to specialization within this network. Across 133 neuroimaging experiments, incongruence processing in the color-word Stroop variant consistently recruited regions of the multiple-demand network, with modulation of spatial convergence by task variants. In addition, the neural patterns related to solving Stroop-like interference differed between versions of the task that use different stimulus material, with the only overlap between color-word, emotional picture-word, and other types of stimulus material in the posterior medial frontal cortex and right anterior insula. Follow-up analyses on behavior reported in these studies (in total 164 effect sizes) revealed only little impact of task variations on the mean effect size of reaction time. These results suggest qualitative processing differences among the family of Stroop variants, despite similar task difficulty levels, and should carefully be considered when planning or interpreting Stroop-type neuroimaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda Ficco
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Department of Linguistics and Cultural Evolution, International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Tyralla
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir Ali Sepehry
- Clinical Psychology Program, Adler University (Vancouver Campus), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Taraneh Aziz-Safaie
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-7, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Roh H, Kim W, Hwang SY, Lee MS, Kim JH. Altered pattern of theta and gamma oscillation to visual stimuli in patients with postconcussion syndrome. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1240-1249. [PMID: 38691013 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00253.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suffer from postconcussional syndrome (PCS) including abnormal emotional responses, most conventional imaging studies fail to detect any causative brain lesion. We hypothesized that event-related electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with time-frequency analysis would show a distinguishable pattern in patients with mTBI with PCS compared with normal healthy controls. EEG signals were collected from a total of 18 subjects: eight patients with mTBI with PCS and 10 healthy control subjects. The signals were recorded while the subjects were presented with affective visual stimuli, including neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant emotional cues. Event-related spectral perturbation analysis was performed to calculate frontal midline theta activity and posterior midline gamma activity, followed by statistical analysis to identify whether patients with mTBI with PCS have distinct patterns of theta or gamma oscillations in response to affective stimuli. Compared with the healthy control group, patients with mTBI with PCS did not show a significant increase in the power of frontal theta activity in response to the pleasant stimuli, indicating less susceptibility toward pleasant cues. Moreover, the patient group showed attenuated gamma oscillatory activity, with no clear alteration in gamma oscillations in response to either pleasant or unpleasant cues. This study demonstrates that patients with mTBI with PCS exhibited altered patterns of oscillatory activities in the theta and gamma bands in response to affective visual stimuli compared with the normal control group. The current finding implicates that these distinguishable patterns of brain oscillation may represent the mechanism behind various psychiatric symptoms in patients with mTBI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with postconcussional syndrome (PCS) exhibited altered patterns of changes in oscillatory activities in the theta and gamma bands in response to visual affective stimuli. Distinguishable patterns of brain oscillation may represent the mechanism behind various psychiatric symptoms in patients with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haewon Roh
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Young Hwang
- The Department of Biostatistics, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Lee
- The Department of Psychiatry, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Moshon-Cohen TE, Weinbach N, Bitan T. Stimulus variability improves generalization following response inhibition training. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:786-802. [PMID: 38227074 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of stimulus variability and practice order on generalization to novel stimuli following a single session of response inhibition training. Ninety-six young adults practiced the Go/No-go task online in three training conditions: (1) constant (N = 32)-inhibition practiced on one stimulus; (2) variable-blocked (N = 32)-inhibition practiced on 6 stimuli, each in a separate block; and (3) variable-random (N = 32)-inhibition practiced on 6 stimuli in random order. Generalization was measured by comparing groups on inhibition of novel stimuli and a trained stimulus immediately and 24 h after training. Consistent with our hypothesis, the variable-random and the variable-blocked groups showed better generalization to the novel items than the constant group, demonstrating the benefit of stimulus variability. The variable-random group also showed better generalization than the variable-blocked group, demonstrating the benefit of presenting stimuli in random order. Participants' capacity for working memory maintenance was found to modulate the effect of practice order. While the benefit of variability was retained 24 h after training, the effect of order was not. Results also show generalization to (1) different type of stimuli using the same task and (2) the same stimuli on a different response inhibition task (the Stop-Signal Task), however, the effect of variable practice and order were not evident in these cases. The study findings illustrate the advantage of using variable stimuli presented in random order for generalization and suggest that these principles of motor learning can be applied to learning of cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E Moshon-Cohen
- Psychology Department, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
- Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Noam Weinbach
- Psychology Department, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Bitan
- Psychology Department, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Speech Language Pathology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Filipčíková M, Quang H, Cassel A, Darke L, Wilson E, Wearne T, Rosenberg H, McDonald S. Exploring neuropsychological underpinnings of poor communication after traumatic brain injury: The role of apathy, disinhibition and social cognition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 59:433-448. [PMID: 36541559 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysarthria, aphasia and executive processes have been examined for their role in producing impaired communicative competence post traumatic brain injury (TBI). Less understood is the role of emotional dysregulation, that is, apathy and disinhibition, and social cognition, that is, reading and interpreting social cues. METHODS & PROCEDURES In this study, we examined 49 adults with moderate to severe TBI and 18 neurologically healthy adults. We hypothesised that apathy and disinhibition would predict communication outcomes as would social cognition. We also predicted that apathy and disinhibition would influence social cognition. Communication outcomes were measured by the La Trobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ) and the Social Skills Questionnaire-TBI (SSQ-TBI). Apathy and disinhibition were measured by the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). We measured four aspects of social cognition: emotion perception and theory of mind using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and the Complex Audio-Visual Evaluation of Affect Test (CAVEAT), empathy using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES), and alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Consistent with predictions, the LCQ and SSQ-TBI were associated with disinhibition and the LCQ was also associated with apathy. The LCQ was associated with the full range of social cognition constructs although the SSQ-TBI was not. Finally, apathy and disinhibition predicted a number of social cognition measures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results are discussed in relation to understanding the nature of communication disorders following TBI and how they are measured, as well as the interrelation between emotion dysregulation and social cognition. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS What is already known on this subject The role of emotional dysregulation and social cognition in producing impaired communicative competence post traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not well understood. Although most adults with severe TBI have minimal or possibly no language impairment, they often struggle with functional communication in everyday situations. Many have been reported to be overtalkative, insensitive, childish and self-centred, displaying an inappropriate level of self-disclosure and making tangential and irrelevant comments. Conversely, some speakers with TBI have been noted to have impoverished communication, producing little language either spontaneously or in response to the speaker's questions and prompts. What this paper adds to existing knowledge We found that both apathy and disinhibition were strongly associated with the Latrobe Communication Questionnaire both empirically and conceptually, despite the LCQ being developed from a different, pragmatic orientation. Disinhibition was also associated with the Social Skills Questionnaire for TBI. We also found that poor social cognition scores predicted communication difficulties. Finally, we found that behavioural dysregulation itself, i.e., both apathy and disinhibition, predicted poor social cognition. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Our findings highlight the central role that apathy and disinhibition play in both communication and social cognition. These insights point to the importance of remediation to target behavioural and autonomic dysregulation as a means to improve everyday social function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Halle Quang
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anneli Cassel
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lilly Darke
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Wilson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Travis Wearne
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hannah Rosenberg
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Filipčíková M, Wearne T, McDonald S. Disinhibited and angry: Investigating the relationship between social disinhibition and the components of aggression following severe TBI. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:23-44. [PMID: 36445855 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2022.2149560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Social disinhibition and aggression share many similarities. But unlike with aggression, research evidence about social disinhibition following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited and treatments are missing. Establishing the association between aggression and social disinhibition would facilitate a better conceptualization of these disorders. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social disinhibition and aggression following severe TBI.In this case-control study, 25 individuals with severe TBI and 25 control participants completed the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (FrSBe), and Social Disinhibition Interview (SDI).Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that, when controlling for covariates, the inclusion of BPAQ Anger in the model led to a 13% increase in proportion of explained variance of social disinhibition (Adjusted R2 increased from .243 to .363, p < .005). BPAQ Anger was not a significant predictor of SDI scores. Similarly, BPAQ Physical aggression scores did not contribute to the prediction of FrSBe Disinhibition or SDI scores.In conclusion, higher levels of self-reported anger (but no other components of aggression) are associated with higher levels of self-reported social disinhibition. While these findings have potential implications for the treatment of social disinhibition, further research into the possible relationship with aggression should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Wearne
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Skromanis S, Padgett C, Matthewson M, Honan CA. Social disinhibition in acquired brain injury and neurological disease: a concept analysis. BRAIN IMPAIR 2023; 24:529-547. [PMID: 38167359 DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2022.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social disinhibition is becoming increasingly recognised in the neuropsychological literature as a complex and debilitating sequalae associated with acquired frontal lobe damage. Despite this, the term has been inconsistently defined and described in both clinical and research contexts. The purpose of this paper was to explore and examine the concept of social disinhibition in the context of brain injury and other organic neurological conditions. METHOD A literature search for articles published in the English language from journal inception to June 2021 was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science. A 'concept analysis' was conducted on the identified literature using Walker & Avant's (2019) framework. RESULTS The analysis suggested that while several terms are often used interchangeably with social disinhibition, including impulsivity and behavioural dysregulation, these terms may be differentiated and defined separately within the broader domain of 'behaviours of concern'. Attributes, antecedents and consequences of social disinhibition were also identified and discussed. CONCLUSIONS Clarifying the concept of social disinhibition has important implications in both clinical and research contexts, including increased understanding of the behaviours, more accurate estimates of incidence and prevalence, and the development and implementation of targeted rehabilitation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Skromanis
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Christine Padgett
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mandy Matthewson
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Jansen JM. Mediating effects of impulsivity and alexithymia in the association between traumatic brain injury and aggression in incarcerated males. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:629-642. [PMID: 37405946 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest both alexithymia and impulsivity (partially) explain aggressive behavior in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but none of these studies use both questionnaire and performance-based measures as recommended, nor simultaneously investigate both impulsivity and alexithymia. The available studies therefore likely miss part of the constructs of alexithymia and impulsivity, and do not comprehensively assess the mediating effects of both constructs in the relationship between TBI and aggression. A sample of N = 281 incarcerated individuals were recruited from Dutch penitentiary institutions, and completed the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (aggression), BIS-11 (impulsivity) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (alexithymia) questionnaires, as well as a stop-signal task and an emotion recognition paradigm. Several multiple mediation analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling, to assess the viability of a causal theoretical model of aggression. The final planned models were the original models with a good fit with the data (comparative fit index > 0.95, root mean square error of approximation and Standardized root mean square residual < 0.05), and results indicate that only questionnaire-based impulsivity mediated the relationship between TBI and aggression. TBI was unrelated to alexithymia, stop-signal or emotion recognition performance. Aggression was predicted by both alexithymia and impulsivity, but not by the performance measures. Post hoc analyses shows that alexithymia moderates the relationship between impulsivity and aggression. These results imply that aggressive incarcerated individuals showing impulsive behavior should be screened for TBI, since TBI is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and indicate that both impulsivity and alexithymia are potential focus points for aggression reduction treatment in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem M Jansen
- Institute for Criminal Law & Criminology, Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Arkin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Pan X, Wang Z. Cortical and subcortical contributions to non-motor inhibitory control: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10909-10917. [PMID: 37724423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition is a core executive cognitive function. However, the neural correlates of non-motor inhibitory control are not well understood. We investigated this question using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and a simple Count Go/NoGo task (n = 23), and further explored the causal relationships between activated brain regions. We found that the Count NoGo task activated a distinct pattern in the subcortical basal ganglia, including bilateral ventral anterior/lateral nucleus of thalamus (VA/VL), globus pallidus/putamen (GP/putamen), and subthalamic nucleus (STN). Stepwise regressions and mediation analyses revealed that activations in these region(s) were modulated differently by only 3 cortical regions i.e. the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula (rIFG/insula), along with left IFG/insula, and anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (ACC/SMA). The activations of bilateral VA/VL were modulated by both rSTN and rIFG/insula (with rGP/putamen as a mediator) independently, and the activation of rGP/putamen was modulated by ACC/SMA, with rIFG/insula as a mediator. Our findings provide the neural correlates of inhibitory control of counting and causal relationships between them, and strongly suggest that both indirect and hyperdirect pathways of the basal ganglia are involved in the Count NoGo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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11
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Kuo JR, Su BY. Neuropsychological Impairments in Patients With Post-traumatic Epilepsy: A Scoping Review. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:85-97. [PMID: 37127179 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, the research on the prognosis of the neuropsychological function of patients with post-traumatic seizure (PTE) is sparse. This study aimed to systematically map the literature's extent, range, and characteristics regarding PTE and neuropsychological impairments. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. The search terms were related to PTE and neuropsychological impairments. RESULTS This scoping review included seven studies, two of which examined the impact of PTE on neuropsychological outcomes. Among the three studies that used neuropsychological assessments, attention/concentration, and memory were the most frequently assessed domains. Only one study reported a significant difference between PTE and non-PTE patients. The cognitive rating scale findings in the other four studies were similar, indicating that patients with PTE performed worse than those without PTE. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review suggest that patients with PTE may have neuropsychological function impairments. More attention needs to be paid to older patients and those with higher brain injury and seizure severity. Additional investigation is necessary to determine the clinical characteristics of TBI and PTE and elucidate the relations between PTE and specific neuropsychological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bei-Yi Su
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Psychological Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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LaCroix AN, Greene-Winek A, Simon S, Groth H, Ratiu I. A Verbal Card Sorting Task to Measure Executive Functions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:1698-1704. [PMID: 37276448 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is commonly used to measure nonverbal executive functions (EFs) in a variety of clinical populations. However, in some clinical populations (e.g., people with aphasia), deficits may be present in more linguistic (or verbal) domains and less pronounced in nonverbal domains. Thus, when determining possible deficits in these individuals, it is critical to assess both verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to create a verbal card sorting task (VCST) to complement the WCST. METHOD We created the VCST by modifying a computerized version of the WCST, the Berg Card Sorting Task (BCST). We then compared 35 individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and 33 matched controls' performance on each task. We tested the VCST in individuals with mTBI first because they demonstrate impaired EFs but unimpaired language. We therefore expected the mTBI group to perform similarly on the VCST and BCST, suggesting that the two tasks measure EFs similarly. RESULTS In line with our hypothesis, the mTBI group had unimpaired inhibition and sustained attention but impaired shifting on each task. Component loadings for both tasks were also similar, and participants' inhibition and shifting scores positively correlated across the two tasks. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings suggest that the VCST is a potentially useful tool for measuring verbal EF deficits. Our results also provide important insights into the EF impairments experienced by individuals with mTBI. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23230475.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna N LaCroix
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Sandy Simon
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale
| | - Hannah Groth
- College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Ileana Ratiu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe
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Cardoso MGDF, de Barros JLVM, de Queiroz RAB, Rocha NP, Silver C, da Silva AS, da Silva EWM, Roque IG, Carvalho JDL, Dos Santos LF, Cota LB, Lemos LM, Miranda MF, Miranda MF, Vianna PP, Oliveira RA, de Oliveira Furlam T, Soares TSS, Pedroso VSP, Faleiro RM, Vieira ÉLM, Teixeira AL, de Souza LC, de Miranda LS. Potential Biomarkers of Impulsivity in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114457. [PMID: 37116663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated cognition and impulsivity following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the general population. Furthermore, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying post-TBI neurobehavioral syndromes are complex and remain to be fully clarified. Herein, we took advantage of machine learning based-modeling to investigate potential biomarkers of mTBI-associated impulsivity. Twenty-one mTBI patients were assessed within one-month post-TBI and their data were compared to 19 healthy controls on measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - BIS), executive functioning, episodic memory, self-report cognitive failures and blood biomarkers of inflammation, vascular and neuronal damage. mTBI patients were significantly more impulsive than controls in BIS total and subscales. Serum levels of sCD40L, Cathepsin D, IL-4, Neuropilin-1, IFN-α2, and Copeptin were associated with impulsivity in mTBI patients. Besides showing that mTBI are associated with impulsivity in non-military people, we unveiled different pathophysiological pathways potentially implicated in mTBI-related impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Glória de Freitas Cardoso
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências da UFMG
| | - João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafael Alves Bonfim de Queiroz
- Departamento de Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto-UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlisa Silver
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Agnes Stéphanie da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências da UFMG
| | - Ewelin Wasner Machado da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Isadora Gonçalves Roque
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Júlia de Lima Carvalho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Laura Ferreira Dos Santos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Letícia Bitencourt Cota
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Lucas Miranda Lemos
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Mariana Figueiredo Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Millena Figueiredo Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Pedro Parenti Vianna
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rafael Arantes Oliveira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Tiago de Oliveira Furlam
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Túlio Safar Sarquis Soares
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Vinicius Sousa Pietra Pedroso
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Moreira Faleiro
- Hospital João XXIII, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais - FHEMIG. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health - CAMH, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Houston, Texas; Faculdade Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências da UFMG; Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Line Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências da UFMG; Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Brasil.
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Fournet M, Chiuvé SC, Laganaro M. Attentional Demand of Motor Speech Encoding: Evidence From Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3758-3775. [PMID: 36201164 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the involvement of attention in utterance planning is well established at the conceptual and lexical levels, the attentional demands of postlexical processes are still debated. This study investigates the involvement of attentional resources on motor speech encoding during utterance production in the context of Parkinson's disease (PD), a population allowing to assess if the attentional demands observed in a dual-task paradigm (the dual-task costs [DTCs]) are explained by postlexical difficulties and not solely by executive impairment. METHOD Speech production was analyzed in a dual-task paradigm with 30 participants presenting with motor speech disorders due to hypokinetic dysarthria in the context of PD. The dual-task comprised an automatic speech task in which participants recited the days of the week and two nonverbal tasks evaluating processing speed and inhibition. The severity of dysarthria and performance in several executive tests (inhibition, verbal fluency, and cognitive shifting) were used as potential predictors of the DTCs. RESULTS Individuals with PD exhibited a DTC on the nonverbal tasks and on the speech task when the secondary task was inhibition (the most difficult one). Additionally, the severity of dysarthria and a poorer performance in cognitive shifting predicted a more severe DTC on speech rate. Finally, modulation of the magnitude of the DTCs was observed, depending on the difficulty of the nonverbal secondary task. CONCLUSION The results suggest that, in PD, postlexical processes require attentional resources and cognitive shifting is related to dual-task performance in speech. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21265893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryll Fournet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | | | - Marina Laganaro
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Alnawmasi MM, Mani R, Khuu SK. Changes in the components of visual attention following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268951. [PMID: 35679230 PMCID: PMC9182329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on visual attention and whether different components and processes of visual attention (such as selective, sustained, divided, and covert orientation of visual attention) are affected following brain injury. Methods A literature search between January 1980 to May 2021 was conducted using Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was undertaken for studies that assessed visual attention using different tasks that target specific or multiple components of visual attention. Three hundred twenty-nine potentially relevant articles were identified, and 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. Results A total of 123 effect sizes (ES) were estimated from 20 studies that included 519 patients with TBI and 530 normal participants. The overall combined ES was statistically significant and large (ES = 0.92), but with high heterogeneity (Q = 614.83, p < 0.0001, I2 = 80.32%). Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of TBI severity, with the ES for moderate-severe TBI significantly higher than mild TBI (t (112) = 3.11, p = 0.002). Additionally, the component of visual attention was differentially affected by TBI (F (2, 120) = 10.25, p<0.0001); the ES for selective attention (ES = 1.13) and covert orientation of visual attention (ES = 1.14) were large, whilst for sustained attention, the ES was medium at 0.43. A subgroup analysis comparing outcome measures showed that reaction time (ES = 1.12) was significantly more affected compared to performance accuracy (ES = 0.43), F (1, 96) = 25.98, p<0.0001). Conclusion Large and significant deficits in visual attention was found following TBI which can last for years after the initial injury. However, different components of visual attention were not affected to the same extent, with selective visual attention and orientation of visual attention most affected following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alnawmasi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Revathy Mani
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sieu K. Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Amgalan A, Maher AS, Imms P, Ha MY, Fanelle TA, Irimia A. Functional Connectome Dynamics After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury According to Age and Sex. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:852990. [PMID: 35663576 PMCID: PMC9158471 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.852990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural and cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are paralleled by changes in resting state functional correlation (FC) networks that mirror post-traumatic pathophysiology effects on functional outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance images acquired both acutely and chronically after injury (∼1 week and ∼6 months post-injury, respectively), we map post-traumatic FC changes across 136 participants aged 19-79 (52 females), both within and between the brain's seven canonical FC networks: default mode, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, limbic, somatomotor, ventral attention, and visual. Significant sex-dependent FC changes are identified between (A) visual and limbic, and between (B) default mode and somatomotor networks. These changes are significantly associated with specific functional recovery patterns across all cognitive domains (p < 0.05, corrected). Changes in FC between default mode, somatomotor, and ventral attention networks, on the one hand, and both temporal and occipital regions, on the other hand, differ significantly by age group (p < 0.05, corrected), and are paralleled by significant sex differences in cognitive recovery independently of age at injury (p < 0.05, corrected). Whereas females' networks typically feature both significant (p < 0.036, corrected) and insignificant FC changes, males more often exhibit significant FC decreases between networks (e.g., between dorsal attention and limbic, visual and limbic, default-mode and somatomotor networks, p < 0.0001, corrected), all such changes being accompanied by significantly weaker recovery of cognitive function in males, particularly older ones (p < 0.05, corrected). No significant FC changes were found across 35 healthy controls aged 66-92 (20 females). Thus, male sex and older age at injury are risk factors for significant FC alterations whose patterns underlie post-traumatic cognitive deficits. This is the first study to map, systematically, how mTBI impacts FC between major human functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anar Amgalan
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander S. Maher
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Phoebe Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Y. Ha
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy A. Fanelle
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Khan A, Chen C, Eden CH, Yuan K, Tse CY, Lou W, Tong KY. Impact of Anodal High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex on Stroop Task performance and its electrophysiological correlates. A pilot study. Neurosci Res 2022; 181:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Ratiu I, Fissel-Brannick S, Whiting M, Murnion L, Azuma T. The impact of mild traumatic brain injury on reading comprehension and eye movements: preliminary results. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 96:106197. [PMID: 35151226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals who sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can suffer from executive function, working memory, and attention deficits, which can impact functional task performance, including reading comprehension. Individuals with mTBI commonly report reading difficulties, but such difficulties have been historically difficult to capture using behavioral measures. The current study examined reading performance in those with and without mTBI using eye-tracking measures, which may be more sensitive to reading impairment in mTBI. METHOD/RESULTS In Experiment 1, 26 participants with a history of mTBI and 26 healthy control participants completed working memory (WM) and reading comprehension tasks. We found no differences in behavioral measures but found that spontaneous eye-blinking frequency was lower during the reading task in the mTBI group. In Experiment 2, we explored the impact of auditory distraction (e.g., multi-talker babble) on reading and memory performance. Twenty-three new participants with a history of mTBI and 26 healthy control participants completed a short-term memory (STM) task, a WM task, and a reading comprehension task under two distraction conditions. As in Experiment 1, we found no differences on behavioral measures, but observed significant differences on spontaneous eye-blinking frequency between those with and without mTBI. Group differences in distraction effects were also observed and performance on the WM task predicted reading comprehension performance. CONCLUSIONS The lack of differences on behavioral measures between groups, but lower frequencies of spontaneous eye blinking in the mTBI group suggests that while these individuals successfully completed the reading comprehension task, they may require more cognitive resources to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ratiu
- Midwestern University, USA; Arizona State University, USA.
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Cade A, Turnbull PR. Clinical testing of mild traumatic brain injury using computerised eye-tracking tests. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:680-686. [PMID: 35021960 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.2018915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to the alteration of typical brain function that occurs following a blow to the head. Even a mild case of traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can lead to long-term impairment, so accurate and timely detection is vital. Visual symptoms are common following mTBI, so while it may seem to fall outside their typical scope of practice, optometrists are ideally qualified to assess the visual impacts and help with the diagnosis of mTBI. Given that mTBI is challenging to objectively diagnose and has no universally accepted diagnostic criteria, clinicians can lack confidence in diagnosing mTBI, and be hesitant in becoming involved in the management of such patients. The development of easily quantifiable techniques using eye tracking as an objective diagnostic tool provides practitioners with an easier pathway into the field, assigning numerical values to parameters which are difficult to assess using conventional optometric tests. As this evolving technology becomes increasingly integrated into optometric clinical settings, the potential for it to identify deficits accurately and reliably in patients following mTBI, and to monitor both their recovery and the effectiveness of potential treatments will increase. This paper provides an overview of clinical tests, relevant to optometrists, that can uncover oculomotor, attentional, and exteroceptive deficits following a mTBI, so that an optometrist with an interest in eye tracking can play a role in the detection and monitoring of mTBI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cade
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip Rk Turnbull
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Greer KM, Snyder A, Junge C, Reading M, Jarvis S, Squires C, Bigler ED, Popuri K, Beg MF, Taylor HG, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA, Rubin K, Yeates KO, Cobia D. Surface-based abnormalities of the executive frontostriatial circuit in pediatric TBI. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103136. [PMID: 36002959 PMCID: PMC9421496 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical thickness of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is reduced in pediatric TBI. Shape abnormalities of the caudate and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus are a feature of pediatric TBI. Surface-based abnormalities of the dorsolateral prefrontal loop do not appear to relate to executive functioning.
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of acquired disability and has significant implications for executive functions (EF), such as impaired attention, planning, and initiation that are predictive of everyday functioning. Evidence has suggested attentional features of executive functioning require behavioral flexibility that is dependent on frontostriatial circuitry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface-based deformation of a specific frontostriatial circuit in pediatric TBI and its role in EF. Regions of interest included: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD). T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained in a sample of children ages 8–13 with complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI (n = 32) and a group of comparison children with orthopedic injury (OI; n = 30). Brain regions were characterized using high-dimensional surface-based brain mapping procedures. Aspects of EF were assessed using select subtests from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch). General linear models tested group and hemisphere differences in DLPFC cortical thickness and subcortical shape of deep-brain regions; Pearson correlations tested relationships with EF. Main effects for group were found in both cortical thickness of the DLPFC (F1,60 = 4.30, p = 0.042) and MD mean deformation (F1,60 = 6.50, p = 0.01) all with lower values in the TBI group. Statistical surface maps revealed significant inward deformation on ventral-medial aspects of the caudate in TBI relative to OI, but null results in the globus pallidus. No significant relationships between EF and any region of interest were observed. Overall, findings revealed abnormalities in multiple aspects of a frontostriatial circuit in pediatric TBI, which may reflect broader pathophysiological mechanisms. Increased consideration for the role of deep-brain structures in pediatric TBI can aid in the clinical characterization of anticipated long-term developmental effects of these individuals.
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Filipčíková M, Wearne T, Li R, McDonald S. The prevalence, predictors, associated symptoms, and outcomes of social disinhibition following moderate-to-severe TBI: A scoping review of quantitative evidence. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:716-736. [PMID: 34930093 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to map existing quantitative evidence of research related to the nature of social disinhibition following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), with a specific focus on its prevalence, predictors, associated symptoms and outcomes in studies that met minimal methodological criteria. We conducted a scoping review of the literature following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Seventeen peer-reviewed articles including 1440 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results of the study indicate that social disinhibition is a common and significant consequence of moderate-to-severe TBI with its prevalence estimates ranging from 21% to 32%. Inappropriate sexual behavior appears to be more prevalent in men and younger survivors. Rule-breaking/perseverative errors in fluency tests are significantly associated with social disinhibition. The perceived burden of caregivers of people with TBI is a very common outcome. An interesting finding was an association between higher social disinhibition and higher emotional empathy levels. However, similarly to many potential predictors, this was only found in a single study and therefore requires further investigation. Some common methodological flaws are discussed, such as the use of non-probability sampling, lack of sample size justification or not including a control group. Due to the heterogeneity of measures used to assess social disinhibition in the reviewed articles, conducting a meta-analysis was not possible. In conclusion, social disinhibition is a significant consequence of moderate-to-severe TBI, as it impacts both the TBI survivor and their family/caregivers. The present study extends the scope of the prior overview by offering a clearer picture of social disinhibition after surviving moderate-to-severe TBI, as it focuses on studies with strong methodology and validated measures. It also assesses potential predictors other than executive dysfunction, such as demographics and injury characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Wearne
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Fournet M, Pernon M, Catalano Chiuvé S, Lopez U, Laganaro M. Attention in post-lexical processes of utterance production: Dual-task cost in younger and older adults. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 74:1852-1872. [PMID: 34238085 PMCID: PMC8451003 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211034130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a general agreement that speaking requires attention at least for conceptual and lexical processes of utterance production. However, conflicting results have been obtained with dual-task paradigms using either repetition tasks or more generally tasks involving limited loading of lexical selection. This study aimed to investigate whether post-lexical processes recruit attentional resources. We used a new dual-task paradigm in a set of experiments where a continuous verbal production task involved either high or low demand on lexical selection processes. Experiment 1 evaluates lexical and post-lexical processes with a semantic verbal fluency task, whereas Experiments 2 and 3 focus on post-lexical processes with a non-propositional speech task. In each experiment, two types of non-verbal secondary tasks were used: processing speed (simple manual reaction times) or inhibition (Go/No-go). In Experiment 1, a dual-task cost was observed on the semantic verbal fluency task and each non-verbal task. In Experiment 2, a dual-task cost appeared on the non-verbal tasks but not on the speech task. The same paradigm was used with older adults (Experiment 3), as increased effort in post-lexical processes has been associated with ageing. For older adults, a dual-task cost was also observed on the non-propositional verbal task when speech was produced with the inhibition non-verbal task. The results suggest an attentional cost on post-lexical processes and strategic effects in the resolution of the dual-task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryll Fournet
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Neuropsychological Service-Neurorehabilitation, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Pernon
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Phonetics and Phonology, National Scientific Research Center, University Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Ursula Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy Service, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marina Laganaro
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Korgaonkar MS, Williamson T, Bryant RA. Neural activity during response inhibition in mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100308. [PMID: 33665241 PMCID: PMC7905369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is often characterized by deficits in response inhibition, which can contribute to marked social and occupational dysfunction. mTBI often occurs in the context of psychologically traumatic events. This can cause posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which also impedes response inhibition. The overlap or distinction in these inhibitory deficits in mTBI and PTSD is unclear. This study aimed to assess behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging indices of response inhibition in mTBI by also assessing these parameters in healthy controls (HC) and PTSD participants. Participants with mTBI (without PTSD) (n = 46), PTSD (without mTBI) (n = 41), and HC (n = 40) were assessed during a response inhibition task (the Go/NoGo task) during neuropsychological testing and separate functional magnetic imaging and event-related potentials sessions. PTSD symptom severity was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Both mTBI and PTSD participants performed more omission errors on the Go/NoGo task and were associated with greater N2 amplitude, greater left inferior parietal activation and reduced connectivity of the left inferior parietal cluster and left angular gyrus compared to HC. There were no differences between mTBI and PTSD on any of these measures. These findings highlight that both mTBI and PTSD contribute to neural dysfunction during response inhibition, and arguably these occur due to distinct mechanisms. In the context of the common comorbidity between these two conditions, strategies to address response inhibition deficits in mTBI may need to consider causative factors underpinning neurological insult of mTBI and psychological effects associated with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Williamson
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A. Bryant
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Basedow LA, Kuitunen-Paul S, Wiedmann MF, Ehrlich S, Roessner V, Golub Y. Verbal learning impairment in adolescents with methamphetamine use disorder: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:166. [PMID: 33765981 PMCID: PMC7993453 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) use has been shown to be associated with deficits in impulsivity, verbal learning, and working memory. Additionally, methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is related to various brain changes, especially in adolescent users who might be more vulnerable to detrimental effects on brain development. However, little is known about the relationship between adolescent MA use and cognitive impairment. This cross-sectional study aims to explore how the presence of a MUD in adolescents is related to impairments of verbal memory, inhibition, and alertness. METHODS N = 18 psychiatric outpatients with MUD were matched in terms of depressivity, age, and gender to n = 18 adolescents with other substance use disorders (SUDs), as well as n = 18 controls without SUDs. We compared these three groups on the Verbal Learning and Memory Task (VLMT), and the alertness and go/noGo subtests of the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP). Additionally, Spearman's rank order correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate whether cognitive functioning was directly associated with frequency of past year MA use. RESULTS The three groups differed significantly in their verbal learning performance (H (2) = 11.7, p = .003, ηp2 = .19), but not in short-term memory, inhibition, cued recall, or alertness. Post hoc tests revealed significant differences in verbal learning between the MA using group and the control group without a SUD (U = 56.5, p = .001, ηp2 = .31). Frequency of past year MA use correlated negatively with short-term memory (ρ = -.25, p < .01) and verbal learning (ρ = -.41, p < .01). No other cognitive variables correlated significantly with MA use frequency. Significant p-values were considered significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent MUD outpatients with regular MA use show specific impairment in verbal learning performance, but not in other basal cognitive functions when compared to adolescents without a MUD. Verbal learning and short-term memory performance is negatively associated with the frequency of MA use. Future research should apply longitudinal designs to investigate long-term effects of methamphetamine and reversibility of these effects on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Andreas Basedow
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Ehrlich
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yulia Golub
- TU Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dresden, Germany
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25
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McDonald S, Genova H. The effect of severe traumatic brain injury on social cognition, emotion regulation, and mood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 183:235-260. [PMID: 34389120 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides a review of the emotional and psychosocial consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many of the disorders affecting socioemotional function arise from damage to frontotemporal systems, exacerbated by white matter injury. They include disorders of social cognition, such as the ability to recognize emotions in others, the ability to attribute mental states to others, and the ability to experience empathy. Patients with TBI also often have disorders of emotion regulation. Disorders of drive or apathy can manifest across cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains. Likewise, disorders of control can lead to dysregulated emotions and behavior. Other disorders, such as loss of self-awareness, are also implicated in poor psychosocial recovery. Finally, this chapter overviews psychiatric disorders associated with TBI, especially anxiety and depression. For each kind of disorder, the nature of the disorder and its prevalence, as well as theoretical considerations and impact on every day functions, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Helen Genova
- Center for Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, United States
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26
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de Guise E, Degré C, Beaujean O, Julien J, Lague-Beauvais M, Dagher J, Marcoux J. Comparison of executive functions and functional outcome between older patients with traumatic brain injury and normal older controls. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:1174-1187. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1862118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine de Guise
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Readaptation du Montreal Metropolitain, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Degré
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Océane Beaujean
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Julien
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maude Lague-Beauvais
- Traumatic Brain Injury Program-McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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27
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Cavanagh JF, Rieger RE, Wilson JK, Gill D, Fullerton L, Brandt E, Mayer AR. Joint analysis of frontal theta synchrony and white matter following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2210-2223. [PMID: 31368085 PMCID: PMC6992511 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most disabling aspects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) include lingering deficits in executive functioning. It is known that mTBI can damage white matter tracts, but it remains unknown how this structural brain damage translates into cognitive deficits. This experiment utilized theta band phase synchrony to identify the dysfunctional neural operations that contribute to cognitive problems following mTBI. Sub-acute stage (< 2 weeks) mTBI patients (N = 52) and healthy matched controls (N = 32) completed a control-demanding task with concurrent EEG. Structural MRI was also collected. While there were no performance-specific behavioral differences between groups in the dot probe expectancy task, the degree of theta band phase synchrony immediately following injury predicted the degree of symptom recovery two months later. Although there were no differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between groups, joint independent components analysis revealed that a smaller network of lower FA-valued voxels contributed to a diminished frontal theta phase synchrony network in the mTBI group. This finding suggests that frontal theta band markers of cognitive control are sensitive to sub-threshold structural aberrations following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lynne Fullerton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 116025, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Emma Brandt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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28
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Mohapatra B. The contribution of cognition to the rehabilitation of language and communication deficits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2019.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims There is growing evidence to suggest that cognitive processes, in particular working memory and executive functions, are related to language functions such as syntactic processing, reading comprehension, narration and conversational discourse. This article offers rehabilitation considerations for speech-language pathologists to include cognitive assessment and treatment in their clinical practice. The information presented will also be useful in promoting multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Methods A critical review of the literature on the interaction between cognitive processes and linguistic functions in communication disorders was undertaken. Specific key terms including but not limited to executive functioning, working memory, language, assessment, intervention and communication disorders were searched on the Google Scholar database. Relevant literature from the last three decades pertaining to cognitive behavior, assessment and intervention in communication disorders of all age groups and severities is included in the review. Results The review presents analyses of the multidimensional and dynamic interaction of language and cognition in children (specific language impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stuttering) and adults (traumatic brain injury, stroke, dementia) with communication disorders. The article elaborates on the speech-language pathologist's scope of practice in cognitive assessment and intervention that are consistent with the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Conclusions By documenting cognitive-communication behaviour, speech-language pathologists are able to effectively contribute to the clinical assessment and management of cognitive deficits. However, future research efforts are required to develop clinically reliable tests of cognitive functioning in communication disorders and promote evidence-based cognitive treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyaa Mohapatra
- Department of Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
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29
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Nejati V, Salehinejad MA, Nitsche MA, Najian A, Javadi AH. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Executive Dysfunctions in ADHD: Implications for Inhibitory Control, Interference Control, Working Memory, and Cognitive Flexibility. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1928-1943. [PMID: 28938852 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717730611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on major executive functions (EFs), including response inhibition, executive control, working memory (WM), and cognitive flexibility/task switching in ADHD. Method: ADHD children received (a) left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC tDCS and (b) sham stimulation in Experiment 1 and (a) left anodal DLPFC/right cathodal OFC tDCS, (b) left cathodal DLPFC/right anodal OFC tDCS, and (c) sham stimulation in Experiment 2. The current intensity was 1 mA for 15 min with a 72-hr interval between sessions. Participants underwent Go/No-Go task, N-back test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop task after each tDCS condition. Results: Anodal left DLPFC tDCS most clearly affected executive control functions (e.g., WM, interference inhibition), while cathodal left DLPFC tDCS improved inhibitory control. Cognitive flexibility/task switching benefited from combined DLPFC-OFC, but not DLPFC stimulation alone. Conclusion: Task-specific stimulation protocols can improve EFs in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.,University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Asal Najian
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Byom L, O'Neil-Pirozzi TM, Lemoncello R, MacDonald S, Meulenbroek P, Ness B, Sohlberg MM. Social Communication Following Adult Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review of Theoretical Models. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1735-1748. [PMID: 32569483 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Social communication is the set of abilities that allows individuals to achieve relevant social goals across contexts. Speech-language pathology evaluation and treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related social communication problems should be informed by evidence-supported theories of social communication. The primary purpose of this article is to summarize the results of a scoping review of theoretical models that speech-language pathologists may apply to the evaluation and treatment of social communication problems of adults with TBI. Method A scoping review was conducted of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase for sources published in English between 1989 and 2020 that described human social communication and participation. Resulting sources were systematically examined for social communication models. Results Nine theoretical models were identified that speech-language pathologists may apply to their assessment and treatment of social communication abilities of adults with TBI. Identified models were categorized thematically into one of three classes: cognitive models, social competence models, and pragmatic models. Using a framework developed for the purposes of this article, each identified model was evaluated, and one exemplar model in each class is described in depth. Conclusions Social communication problems in adults post-TBI are common. The existence of multiple models empowers speech-language pathologists to select individual-focused assessment and treatment approaches to maximize intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Byom
- Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Therese M O'Neil-Pirozzi
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University and Spaulding-Harvard Traumatic Brain Injury Model System, Boston, MA
| | - Rik Lemoncello
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR
| | - Sheila MacDonald
- Sheila MacDonald & Associates, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Meulenbroek
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Bryan Ness
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, California Baptist University, Riverside
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31
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Holiday KA, Clark AL, Merritt VC, Nakhla MZ, Sorg S, Delano-Wood L, Schiehser DM. Response inhibition in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury: The role of self-reported complaints in objective performance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:556-568. [PMID: 32657255 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1776847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although objective deficits in response inhibition (RI) have been detected in civilians with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), it remains unclear whether objective RI is worse in military Veterans with mTBI despite the prevalence of self-reported disinhibition. Assessing RI in Veterans is critical due to their unique characteristics, including combat and blast exposure, in addition to the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) examine RI performance in Veterans with mTBI compared to non-mTBI Veterans and (2) compare RI performance in well-defined subgroups of mTBI Veterans with and without self-reported complaints of disinhibition to non-mTBI Veterans. METHOD 53 mTBI Veterans and 37 non-mTBI Veterans completed a Go/No-Go RI task and measures of self-reported disinhibition (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale) and psychiatric symptoms. ANCOVAs covarying for mood and demographics compared RI performances of the non-mTBI Veterans to (1) the total sample of mTBI Veterans (n= 53) and to (2) mTBI Veterans with elevated (t-score ≥ 60; mTBI-SubjDis; n= 23) and low (t-score < 60; mTBI-NoSubjDis; n= 30) levels of self-reported disinhibition. RESULTS There were no significant differences in RI between the mTBI group as a whole and the non-mTBI Veterans group. However, when Veterans with mTBI were divided into groups by clinically-significant concern about their disinhibition, the mTBI-SubjDis group demonstrated significantly worse RI than the mTBI-NoSubjDis and non-mTBI Veteran groups. No significant differences in RI performance were observed between the mTBI-NoSubjDis and non-mTBI Veteran groups. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that mTBI Veterans with elevated levels of self-reported disinhibition show diminished performance on objective measures of RI, independent of mood. Findings highlight the unique contribution of subjective complaints on executive functioning in mTBI, and they underscore the importance of assessing cognitive complaints in order to identify those most at risk for poor-long term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Holiday
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego (SDSU/UCSD) Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego, CA, USA.,Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marina Z Nakhla
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego (SDSU/UCSD) Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology , San Diego, CA, USA.,Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott Sorg
- Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, CA, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dawn M Schiehser
- Psychology and Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, CA, USA.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS) , San Diego, CA, USA
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32
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Calvillo M, Irimia A. Neuroimaging and Psychometric Assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1423. [PMID: 32733322 PMCID: PMC7358255 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be serious partly due to the challenges of assessing and treating its neurocognitive and affective sequelae. The effects of a single TBI may persist for years and can limit patients’ activities due to somatic complaints (headaches, vertigo, sleep disturbances, nausea, light or sound sensitivity), affective sequelae (post-traumatic depressive symptoms, anxiety, irritability, emotional instability) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, including social cognition disturbances, attention deficits, information processing speed decreases, memory degradation and executive dysfunction). Despite a growing amount of research, study comparison and knowledge synthesis in this field are problematic due to TBI heterogeneity and factors like injury mechanism, age at or time since injury. The relative lack of standardization in neuropsychological assessment strategies for quantifying sequelae adds to these challenges, and the proper administration of neuropsychological testing relative to the relationship between TBI, MCI and neuroimaging has not been reviewed satisfactorily. Social cognition impairments after TBI (e.g., disturbed emotion recognition, theory of mind impairment, altered self-awareness) and their neuroimaging correlates have not been explored thoroughly. This review consolidates recent findings on the cognitive and affective consequences of TBI in relation to neuropsychological testing strategies, to neurobiological and neuroimaging correlates, and to patient age at and assessment time after injury. All cognitive domains recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) are reviewed, including social cognition, complex attention, learning and memory, executive function, language and perceptual-motor function. Affect and effort are additionally discussed owing to their relationships to cognition and to their potentially confounding effects. Our findings highlight non-negligible cognitive and affective impairments following TBI, their gravity often increasing with injury severity. Future research should study (A) language, executive and perceptual-motor function (whose evolution post-TBI remains under-explored), (B) the effects of age at and time since injury, and (C) cognitive impairment severity as a function of injury severity. Such efforts should aim to develop and standardize batteries for cognitive subdomains—rather than only domains—with high ecological validity. Additionally, they should utilize multivariate techniques like factor analysis and related methods to clarify which cognitive subdomains or components are indeed measured by standardized tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Calvillo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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33
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Inhibitory Control Deficits in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:97-125. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Giesche F, Wilke J, Engeroff T, Niederer D, Hohmann H, Vogt L, Banzer W. Are biomechanical stability deficits during unplanned single-leg landings related to specific markers of cognitive function? J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Magnusdottir BB, Haraldsson HM, Sigurdsson E. Trail Making Test, Stroop, and Verbal Fluency: Regression-Based Norms for the Icelandic Population. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 36:253-266. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to construct regression-based norms for 3 executive-function tests: the Trail Making Test, Stroop, and Verbal Fluency.
Method
A sample of 1,034 healthy Icelandic adults (18–64 years) was used to calculate predicted scores for test measures from all 3 tests, controlled for the effects of age, gender, and education, as well as the interaction between these variables.
Results
The 3 demographic variables showed significant effects on most test measures and were included in the final equation for estimating predicted scores. An older age and less education predicted worse cognitive performances in most cases, and women tended to outperform men.
Conclusion
These results highlight the importance of adjusting for age, gender, and educational level when constructing normative data. Controlling for age alone may be insufficient or misleading in clinical-practice settings. A simple, user-friendly program for predicting executive-function test scores is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Magnusdottir
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H M Haraldsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Sigurdsson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Graber M, Garnier L, Duloquin G, Mohr S, Guillemin S, Ramaget O, Piver A, Tainturier C, Bret-Legrand C, Delpont B, Blanc-Labarre C, Guéniat J, Hervieu-Bègue M, Osseby GV, Giroud M, Béjot Y. Association Between Fatigue and Cognitive Impairment at 6 Months in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Treated With Acute Revascularization Therapy. Front Neurol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31555198 PMCID: PMC6724763 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatigue is a frequent symptom after stroke. We aimed to determine the association between fatigue and cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke who received acute revascularization therapy (IV thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy). Methods: Seventy patients were prospectively included in the stroke unit of the University Hospital of Dijon, France. A follow-up was performed at 6 months with clinical examination, fatigue assessment by the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Patients with fatigue (FSS score >4) were compared with patients without fatigue. Neuropsychological factors associated with fatigue at 6 months were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Fatigue was reported by 34.3% of patients. Patients with fatigue were older, had more frequent residual handicap, depressive symptoms, and impaired quality of life. They had more frequently low score (<26) on the MoCA scale (79.2 vs. 47.8%, OR = 4.15; 95% CI: 1.32-13, p = 0.015), memory impairment (60 vs. 30.6%, OR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.09-10.7, p = 0.035), and executive dysfunction (65 vs. 30.8%, OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 1.33-13.1, p = 0.014). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only memory impairment was independently associated with fatigue (OR = 5.70; 95% CI: 1.09-29.6, p = 0.039). Further analyses restricted to non-depressed patients (n = 58, 84.1%) showed in multivariable models that a score < 26 on MoCA scale (OR 5.12; 95% CI: 1.00-26.2, p = 0.05), and a memory impairment (OR = 6.17; 95% CI: 1.06-35.9, p = 0.043) were associated with fatigue. There was also a non-significant trend toward an association between divided attention deficit and fatigue (OR = 6.79; 95% CI: 0.80-57.6, p = 0.079). Conclusion: The association between fatigue and subtle cognitive impairment including memory or attention deficits could be of interest in elaborating future interventional studies to evaluate the impact of therapeutic strategies, including cognitive rehabilitation, on fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Graber
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Garnier
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Gauthier Duloquin
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Mohr
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Guillemin
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Océane Ramaget
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Ariane Piver
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Tainturier
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Bret-Legrand
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Delpont
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Christelle Blanc-Labarre
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Guéniat
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Hervieu-Bègue
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Guy-Victor Osseby
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Maurice Giroud
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Assessment of executive function in bilingual adults with history of mild traumatic brain injury. BRAIN IMPAIR 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/brimp.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground and objective:Adults with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) often show deficits in executive function (EF), including the ability to inhibit, switch, and attend to task relevant information. Although performances differences between bilinguals and monolinguals have been observed in EF tasks, there is little research on the effect of TBI on EF in bilinguals. In this study, an ecologically valid standardized measure and experimental computerized tasks of EF were administered to Spanish-English bilingual adults with and without history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Method:Twenty-two bilinguals with a history of mTBI [mean age=20.1 years, SD=3.7; education=13.4 years, SD=0.7] and 20 control bilinguals [mean age=20.8 years, SD=3.6; education=13.7 years, SD=1.1], matched for age and education, completed language proficiency questionnaires, the Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies (FAVRES), English and Spanish language assessments, and a Flanker task (a test of inhibition).Results:Performance was analyzed using analyses of covariance. The results revealed that bilinguals with a history of mTBI performed worse on both the standardized assessment (FAVRES) and inhibition task. Interestingly, self-reported EF deficits were consistent with performance on these measures.Conclusion:The findings of this study provide useful information regarding assessment of EF deficits in bilinguals with a history mTBI. Computerized experimental tasks of EF may also prove useful in the assessment of EF in individuals with mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Paciaroni
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Acciarresi
- From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
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Ledwidge PS, Patterson JN, Molfese DL, Honaker JA. Clinical Utility of Oculomotor and Electrophysiological Measures in Identifying Concussion History. Clin J Sport Med 2019; 29:292-297. [PMID: 31241531 PMCID: PMC5893446 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether oculomotor and electrophysiological measures improve the clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol for classifying collegiate athletes with a history of concussion. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING University Athletic Medicine and Research Facility. PARTICIPANTS Forty-five varsity collegiate athletes. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Collegiate varsity athletes with or without a history of a diagnosed concussion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multivariate receiver operating curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses tested the clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol (symptoms, postural control, neuropsychological abilities). We examined differences in clinical performance between this protocol and after adding reflexive saccade and event-related potential (ERP) indices. Hypotheses were formed after data collection. RESULTS Significant AUCs were demonstrated for the typical concussion protocol (model 1: AUC = 0.75, P = 0.007), after adding reflexive saccade eye excursion gain (model 2: AUC = 0.80, P = 0.001), and ERPs (model 3: AUC = 0.79, P = 0.002). The AUC for reflexive saccades and ERPs was significant (model 4: AUC = 0.70, P = 0.030). Model 2's increased clinical performance compared with model 1 was nonsignificant, χ(2) = 1.871, P = 0.171. CONCLUSIONS All 4 models demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity for classifying athletes with a previous concussion. Adding reflexive saccades and ERPs did not significantly increase clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol. Future research should determine the clinical utility of saccades and ERPs for acute postconcussion assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Ledwidge
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Department of Psychology, Baldwin Wallace University
| | - Jessie N. Patterson
- Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Dennis L. Molfese
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Julie A. Honaker
- Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Cleveland Clinic, Head and Neck Institute
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40
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Bruijel J, Stapert SZ, Vermeeren A, Ponsford JL, van Heugten CM. Unraveling the Biopsychosocial Factors of Fatigue and Sleep Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e11295. [PMID: 30348629 PMCID: PMC6231738 DOI: 10.2196/11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue and sleep problems are common after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are experienced as highly distressing symptoms, playing a significant role in the recovery trajectory, and they can drastically impact the quality of life and societal participation of the patient and their family and friends. However, the etiology and development of these symptoms are still uncertain. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the development of fatigue and sleep problems following moderate to severe TBI and to explore the changes in underlying biological (pain, brain damage), psychological (emotional state), and social (support family, participation) factors across time. Methods This study is a longitudinal multicenter observational cohort study with 4 measurement points (3, 6, 12, and 18 months postinjury) including subjective questionnaires and cognitive tasks, preceded by 7 nights of actigraphy combined with a sleep diary. Recruitment of 137 moderate to severe TBI patients presenting at emergency and neurology departments or rehabilitation centers across the Netherlands is anticipated. The evolution of fatigue and sleep problems following TBI and their association with possible underlying biological (pain, brain damage), psychological (emotional state), and social (support family, participation) factors will be examined. Results Recruitment of participants for this longitudinal cohort study started in October 2017, and the enrollment of participants is ongoing. The first results are expected at the end of 2020. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the development of both post-TBI fatigue and sleep longitudinally within a biopsychosocial model in moderate to severe TBI using both subjective and objective measures. Identification of modifiable factors such as mood and psychosocial stressors may give direction to the development of interventions for fatigue and sleep problems post-TBI. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR7162; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=7162 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6z3mvNLuy) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/11295
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bruijel
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sven Z Stapert
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Medical Psychology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Vermeeren
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline M van Heugten
- Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Ware AL, Biekman B, Hachey R, MacLeod M, Bird W, Pathak S, Clarke E, Borrasso A, Puccio AM, Glavin K, Pomiecko K, Moretti P, Beers SR, Levin HS, Schneider W, Okonkwo DO, Wilde EA. A Preliminary High-Definition Fiber Tracking Study of the Executive Control Network in Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:686-701. [PMID: 30070176 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is common in veterans of the Iraq- and Afghanistan-era conflicts. However, the typical subtlety of neural alterations and absence of definitive biomarkers impede clinical detection on conventional imaging. This preliminary study examined the structure and functional correlates of executive control network (ECN) white matter in veterans to investigate the clinical utility of using high-definition fiber tracking (HDFT) to detect chronic bTBI. Demographically similar male veterans (N = 38) with and without bTBI (ages 24 to 50 years) completed standardized neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. Quantitative HDFT metrics of subcortical-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) tracts were derived. Moderate-to-large group effects were observed on HDFT metrics. Relative to comparisons, bTBI demonstrated elevated quantitative anisotropy (QA) and reduced right hemisphere volume of all examined tracts, and reduced fiber count and increased generalized fractional anisotropy in the right DLPFC-putamen tract and DLPFC-thalamus, respectively. The Group × Age interaction effect on DLPFC-caudate tract volume was large; age negatively related to volume in the bTBI group, but not comparison group. Groups performed similarly on the response inhibition measure. Performance (reaction time and commission errors) robustly correlated with HDFT tract metrics (QA and tract volume) in the comparison group, but not bTBI group. Results support anomalous density and integrity of ECN connectivity, particularly of the right DLPFC-putamen pathway, in bTBI. Results also support exacerbated aging in veterans with bTBI. Similar ECN function despite anomalous microstructure could reflect functional compensation in bTBI, although alternate interpretations are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ware
- 1 Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Brian Biekman
- 1 Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston , Houston, Texas.,2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca Hachey
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianne MacLeod
- 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - William Bird
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sudhir Pathak
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Clarke
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Borrasso
- 4 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ava M Puccio
- 4 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly Glavin
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher Pomiecko
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paolo Moretti
- 5 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,6 Neurology Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, Texas.,7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Health Sciences , Salt Lake City, Utah.,8 Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, University of Utah School of Health Sciences , Salt Lake City, Utah.,9 Neurology Service, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sue R Beers
- 10 Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,11 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Walter Schneider
- 3 Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,12 Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David O Okonkwo
- 4 Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,5 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas.,6 Neurology Service, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, Texas.,7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Health Sciences , Salt Lake City, Utah.,9 Neurology Service, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,13 Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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42
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Interactive effects of Traumatic Brain Injury and Anxiety Sensitivity Cognitive Concerns on Post-traumatic Stress among Active Duty Soldiers. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018; 41:902-910. [PMID: 30220753 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Albanese BJ, Macatee RJ, Boffa JW, Bryan CJ, Zvolensky MJ, Schmidt NB. Interactive effects of traumatic brain injury and anxiety sensitivity on PTSD symptoms: A replication and extension in two clinical samples. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2018; 42:510-523. [PMID: 29881128 PMCID: PMC5986097 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Albanese
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasssee, FL, USA
| | - Richard J Macatee
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasssee, FL, USA
| | - Joseph W Boffa
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasssee, FL, USA
| | - Craig J Bryan
- National Center for Veterans Studies, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | | | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasssee, FL, USA
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Kois LE, Blakey SM, Gardner BO, McNally MR, Johnson JL, Hamer RM, Elbogen EB. Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported impulsivity and informant-reported maladaptive behaviour among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury history. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1484-1491. [PMID: 30036112 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1497205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frontal lobe deficits resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to impulsive behaviour. We sought to examine whether neuropsychological performance predicted self-reported impulsivity and informant-reported maladaptive behaviour. METHOD We administered the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) to 116 Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans diagnosed with a history of TBI and PTSD. RESULTS Poorer performance on D-KEFS Stroop Task (both colour and word, separately) and Trail making (letter sequencing and motor speed) tasks and higher PTSD symptom severity were associated with higher self-reported impulsivity. Trail making letter sequencing performance was negatively associated with informant-reported maladaptive behaviour. Regression analyses revealed PTSD symptom severity and Trail making letter sequencing best predicted self-reported impulsivity, even when accounting for age, sex, and education. Only Trail making letter sequencing predicted informant-reported maladaptive behaviour when accounting for other variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Attention and processing speed impairments and PTSD symptom severity appear to be important predictors of impulsivity and problematic behaviour among veterans. Findings have implications for theoretical models of aggression and violence and inform the assessment and treatment of individuals with TBI and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kois
- a Department of Psychology, John Jay College , City University of New York , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shannon M Blakey
- b Department of Psychology and Neuroscience , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Brett O Gardner
- c Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Matthew R McNally
- d Department of Psychology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jacqueline L Johnson
- e Department of Psychiatry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Robert M Hamer
- e Department of Psychiatry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Eric B Elbogen
- f Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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Eggers K, De Nil LF, Van den Bergh BRH. Exogenously triggered response inhibition in developmental stuttering. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2018; 56:33-44. [PMID: 29494965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine relations between children's exogenously triggered response inhibition and stuttering. METHOD Participants were 18 children who stutter (CWS; mean age = 9;01 years) and 18 children who not stutter (CWNS; mean age = 9;01 years). Participants were matched on age (±3 months) and gender. Response inhibition was assessed by a stop signal task (Verbruggen, Logan, & Stevens, 2008). RESULTS Results suggest that CWS, compared to CWNS, perform comparable to CWNS in a task where response control is externally triggered. CONCLUSIONS Our findings seem to indicate that previous questionnaire-based findings (Eggers, De Nil, & Van den Bergh, 2010) of a decreased efficiency of response inhibition cannot be generalized to all types of response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Eggers
- Dept. of Speech-Language Therapy, Thomas More University College, Belgium; Experimental Otorinolaryngology, Dept. of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept. of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Luc F De Nil
- Experimental Otorinolaryngology, Dept. of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept. of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Bea R H Van den Bergh
- Dept. of Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands; Dept. of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Johnson EG, Skromanis S, Bruno R, Mond J, Honan CA. Inhibiting automatic negative social responses in alcohol intoxication: interactions with theory of mind ability and level of task guidance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1221-1232. [PMID: 29392372 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol intoxication is associated with socially disinhibited behaviours that may reflect impaired social cognitive abilities that guide social behaviour. The effects of alcohol on social cognition and how this may contribute to disinhibited behaviour are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether intoxicated individuals could inhibit automatic negative responses to negative social information, whether these difficulties were reliant on theory of mind (ToM) ability and whether intoxicated individuals were able to adjust verbal responses when provided with guidelines about how to respond. METHODS Sixty-four participants aged between 18 and 34 (balanced for gender) consumed a beverage containing either placebo or alcohol calculated to achieve a target BrAC of 0.080%, before completing a Flanker task, a go/no-go task and a novel measure of social disinhibition, the social disinhibition task. RESULTS Results indicate that alcohol-intoxicated individuals can inhibit negative responses to negative social information, but display difficulty inhibiting negative responses to social information that requires ToM. They also suggest that people under the influence of moderate-to-high-dose alcohol can adjust their responses when provided with specific guidelines on how to respond. CONCLUSIONS These findings may have important implications for understanding negative alcohol-related behaviours and promote the consideration of social context, social pressure and social cognitive abilities in the development of public policy and targeted interventions to prevent alcohol-related antisocial behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Johnson
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sarah Skromanis
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mond
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Honan
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Poon K. Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Adolescence: Development and Contributions to Important Developmental Outcomes. Front Psychol 2018; 8:2311. [PMID: 29367850 PMCID: PMC5767838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant theoretical advancement in the area of child neuropsychology, limited attention has been paid to the developmental features of adolescence. The present study intends to address this issue in relation to executive function (EF). EF refers to the psychological processes that underlie goal-directed behavior; recent studies separate cool EF (psychological process involves pure logic and critical analysis) and hot EF (psychological process driven by emotion). Although neurological findings suggest that adolescence is a sensitive period for EF development, data on comparing the developmental progression in hot or cool EFs is highly missing. Moreover, while evidence has confirmed the relationships between EF and day-to-day functioning, whether and how hot and cool EFs contribute to core developmental outcomes in adolescence is still remained unknown. The current study aims to enhance our understanding of the development and impacts of hot and cool EFs in adolescence. A total of 136 typically developing adolescents from age 12 to 17 completed four cool EF tasks including Backward digit span, Contingency naming test, Stockings of Cambridge, and Stroop Color and Word test, and one hot task on Cambridge gambling task. Data on academic performance and psychological adjustment was also collected. Results showed that cool and hot EF exhibited different patterns of age-related growth in adolescence. Specifically, cool EF ascended with age while hot EF showed a bell-shaped development. Moreover, there were correlations among cool EF measures but no association between cool and hot EFs. Further, cool EF was a better predictor of academic performance, while hot EF uniquely related to emotional problems. The results provide evidence for the association among cool EF tests and the differentiation of hot and cool EFs. The bell-shaped development of hot EF might suggest a period of heightened risk-taking propensity in middle adolescence. Given the plastic nature of EF, especially over adolescence, the current findings may have practical implications for future EF identification and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kean Poon
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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48
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Xu B, Sandrini M, Levy S, Volochayev R, Awosika O, Butman JA, Pham DL, Cohen LG. Lasting deficit in inhibitory control with mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14902. [PMID: 29097755 PMCID: PMC5668274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Being able to focus on a complex task and inhibit unwanted actions or interfering information (i.e., inhibitory control) are essential human cognitive abilities. However, it remains unknown the extent to which mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may impact these critical functions. In this study, seventeen patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC) performed a variant of the Stroop task and attention-demanding 4-choice response tasks (4CRT) with identical stimuli but two contexts: one required only routine responses and the other with occasional response conflicts. The results showed that mTBI patients performed equally well as the HC when the 4CRT required only routine responses. However, when the task conditions included occasional response conflicts, mTBI patients with even a single concussion showed a significant slow-down in all responses and higher error rates relative to the HC. Results from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (efMRI) revealed altered neural activity in the mTBI patients in the cerebellum-thalamo-cortical and the fronto-basal-ganglia networks regulating inhibitory control. These results suggest that even without apparent difficulties in performing complex attention-demanding but routine tasks, patients with mTBI may experience long-lasting deficits in regulating inhibitory control when situations call for rapid conflict resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Xu
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Marco Sandrini
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sarah Levy
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rita Volochayev
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Oluwole Awosika
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John A Butman
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dzung L Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Leonardo G Cohen
- Human Cortical Physiology and Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Hudac CM, Cortesa CS, Ledwidge PS, Molfese DL. History of concussion impacts electrophysiological correlates of working memory. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 132:135-144. [PMID: 29024682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions occur in approximately 21% of college athletes with implications for long-term cognitive impairments in working memory. Working memory involves the capacity to maintain short-term information and integrate with higher-order cognitive processing for planning and behavior execution, critical skills for optimal cognitive and athletic performance. This study quantified working memory impairments in 36 American football college athletes (18-23years old) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Despite performing similarly in a standard 2-back working memory task, athletes with history of concussion exhibited larger P1 and P3 amplitudes compared to Controls. Concussion History group latencies were slower for the P1 and faster for the N2. Source estimation analyses indicated that previously concussed athletes engaged different brain regions compared to athletes with no concussion history. These findings suggest that ERPs may be a sensitive and objective measure to detect long-term cognitive consequences of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Cathryn S Cortesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, United States.
| | - Patrick S Ledwidge
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Psychology, Baldwin Wallace University, United States
| | - Dennis L Molfese
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States.
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50
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Martínez-Loredo V, Fernández-Hermida JR, Carballo JL, Fernández-Artamendi S. Long-term reliability and stability of behavioral measures among adolescents: The Delay Discounting and Stroop tasks. J Adolesc 2017; 58:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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