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Brandt E, Harjama L, Elomaa O, Saarela J, Donner K, Lappalainen K, Kivirikko S, Ranki A, Kere J, Kettunen K, Hannula-Jouppi K. A novel SERPINA12 variant and first European patients with diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:413-418. [PMID: 37684051 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (hPPKs) comprise a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by persistent palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Loss-of-function variants in a serine peptidase inhibitor, SERPINA12, have recently been implicated in autosomal recessive diffuse hPPK. The disorder appears to share similarities with another hPPK associated with protease overactivity, namely Nagashima-type PPK (NPPK) caused by biallelic variants in SERPINB7. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of serine protease-related hPPKs caused by variants in SERPINA12 and SERPINB7. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for hPPK patients. Haplotype analysis was completed for the patients with identified recessive SERPINA12 variants and their available family members. In addition, the current literature of SERPINA12- and SERPINB7-related hPPKs was summarized. RESULTS The phenotype of SERPINA12-related hPPK was confirmed by reporting three new SERPINA12 patients, the first of European origin. A novel SERPINA12 c.1100G>A p.(Gly367Glu) missense variant was identified confirming that the variant spectrum of SERPINA12 include both truncating and missense variants. The previously reported SERPINA12 c.631C>T p.(Arg211*) was indicated enriched in the Finnish population due to a plausible founder effect. In addition, SERPINA12 hPPK patients were shown to share a similar phenotype to patients with recessive variants in SERPINB7. The shared phenotype included diffuse transgradient PPK since birth or early childhood and frequent palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, aquagenic whitening and additional hyperkeratotic lesions in non-palmoplantar areas. SERPINA12 and SERPINB7 hPPK patients cannot be distinguished without genetic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Recessive variants in SERPINA12 and SERPINB7 leading to protease overactivity and hPPK produce a similar phenotype, indistinguishable without genetic analysis. SERPINA12 variants should be assessed also in non-Asian patients with diffuse transgradient PPK. Understanding the role of serine protease inhibitors will provide insights into the complex proteolytic network in epidermal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Harjama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Donner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Lappalainen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Division of Genetics and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Hannula-Jouppi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, ERN-Skin Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Brandt E, Singh S, Bowren M, Bhagvathi A, Tranel D, Boes AD. The role of gender in cognitive outcomes from stroke. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:878-884. [PMID: 36781414 PMCID: PMC10757593 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke can cause cognitive impairment, which can lead to challenges returning to day-to-day activities. Knowing what factors are associated with cognitive impairment post-stroke can be useful for predicting outcomes and guiding rehabilitation. One such factor is gender: previous studies are inconclusive as to whether gender influences cognitive outcomes post-stroke. Accounting for key variables, we examined whether there are gender differences in cognitive outcomes after stroke. METHOD We analyzed data from neuropsychological assessments of 237 individuals tested in the chronic epoch (≥ 3 months) following ischemic stroke. Using ANCOVA and linear mixed modeling, we examined gender as a predictor of cognition as measured by general cognitive ability (g), Full-Scale IQ, and 18 cognitive tests, controlling for age at stroke onset, education, premorbid intelligence, and lesion volume. RESULTS There were no significant gender differences in overall cognitive outcomes as measured by g (p = .887) or Full-Scale IQ (p = .801). There were some significant gender differences on specific cognitive tests, with women outperforming men on scores from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (ps < .01) and men outperforming women on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Arithmetic and Information subtests (ps < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that men and women have similar overall cognitive outcomes after stroke, when demographic and lesion factors are accounted for. Although men and women differed in their performance on some individual cognitive tests, neither gender performed systematically better or worse. However, for learning, working memory, and verbal knowledge/comprehension, gender may be an important predictor of outcome post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brandt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sachinkumar Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark Bowren
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Amol Bhagvathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aaron D. Boes
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Mertens N, Cavanagh J, Brandt E, Fratzke V, Story-Remer J, Rieger R, Wilson JK, Gill D, Campbell R, Quinn DK. Effects of anodal tDCS on electroencephalography correlates of cognitive control in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 53:209-220. [PMID: 37638454 DOI: 10.3233/nre-230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may provide a potential therapy for cognitive deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its efficacy and mechanisms of action are still uncertain. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would boost the influence of a cognitive training regimen in a mild-to-moderate TBI (mmTBI) sample. Cognitive enhancement was measured by examining event-related potentials (ERPs) during cognitive control tasks from pre- to post-treatment. METHODS Thirty-four participants with mmTBI underwent ten sessions of cognitive training with active (n = 17) or sham (n = 17) anodal tDCS to the left DLPFC. ERPs were assessed during performance of an auditory oddball (3AOB), N-back, and dot pattern expectancy (DPX) task before and after treatment. RESULTS P3b amplitudes significantly decreased from baseline to post-treatment testing, regardless of tDCS condition, in the N-back task. The active tDCS group demonstrated a significantly increased P3a amplitude in the DPX task. No statistically significant stimulation effects were seen during the 3AOB and N-back tasks. CONCLUSION Active anodal tDCS paired with cognitive training led to increases in P3a amplitudes in the DPX, inferring increased cognitive control. P3b decreased in the N-back task demonstrating the effects of cognitive training. These dissociated P3 findings suggest separate mechanisms invoked by different neuroplasticity-inducing paradigms (stimulation versus training) in brain networks that support executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Mertens
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Emma Brandt
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Violet Fratzke
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Rieger
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Richard Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Quinn DK, Story-Remer J, Brandt E, Fratzke V, Rieger R, Wilson JK, Gill D, Mertens N, Hunter M, Upston J, Jones TR, Richardson JD, Myers O, Arciniegas DB, Campbell R, Clark VP, Yeo RA, Shuttleworth CW, Mayer AR. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates working memory and prefrontal-insula connectivity after mild-moderate traumatic brain injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1026639. [PMID: 36310843 PMCID: PMC9608772 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1026639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent posttraumatic symptoms (PPS) may manifest after a mild-moderate traumatic brain injury (mmTBI) even when standard brain imaging appears normal. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) represents a promising treatment that may ameliorate pathophysiological processes contributing to PPS. Objective/Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in a mmTBI population, active tDCS combined with training would result in greater improvement in executive functions and post-TBI cognitive symptoms and increased resting state connectivity of the stimulated region, i.e., left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared to control tDCS. Methods: Thirty-four subjects with mmTBI underwent baseline assessments of demographics, symptoms, and cognitive function as well as resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in a subset of patients (n = 24). Primary outcome measures included NIH EXAMINER composite scores, and the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI). All participants received 10 daily sessions of 30 min of executive function training coupled with active or control tDCS (2 mA, anode F3, cathode right deltoid). Imaging and assessments were re-obtained after the final training session, and assessments were repeated after 1 month. Mixed-models linear regression and repeated measures analyses of variance were calculated for main effects and interactions. Results: Both active and control groups demonstrated improvements in executive function (EXAMINER composite: p < 0.001) and posttraumatic symptoms (NSI cognitive: p = 0.01) from baseline to 1 month. Active anodal tDCS was associated with greater improvements in working memory reaction time compared to control (p = 0.007). Reaction time improvement correlated significantly with the degree of connectivity change between the right DLPFC and the left anterior insula (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Anodal tDCS improved reaction time on an online working memory task in a mmTBI population, and decreased connectivity between executive network and salience network nodes. These findings generate important hypotheses for the mechanism of recovery from PPS after mild-moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jacqueline Story-Remer
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Emma Brandt
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Violet Fratzke
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Rebecca Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - John Kevin Wilson
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Darbi Gill
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nickolas Mertens
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael Hunter
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas R Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica D Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Orrin Myers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Richard Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ronald A Yeo
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - C William Shuttleworth
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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5
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Hogeveen J, Aragon DF, Rogge-Obando K, Campbell RA, Shuttleworth CW, Avila-Rieger RE, Yeo RA, Wilson JK, Fratzke V, Brandt E, Story-Remer J, Gill D, Mayer AR, Cavanagh JF, Quinn DK. Ventromedial Prefrontal-Anterior Cingulate Hyperconnectivity and Resilience to Apathy in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2264-2274. [PMID: 33787328 PMCID: PMC8328044 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a common and impairing sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, little is known about the neural mechanisms determining in which patients apathy does or does not develop post-TBI. We aimed to elucidate the impact of TBI on motivational neural circuits and how this shapes apathy over the course of TBI recovery. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected in patients with subacute mild TBI (n = 44), chronic mild-to-moderate TBI (n = 26), and nonbrain-injured control participants (CTRL; n = 28). We measured ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) functional connectivity (FC) as a function of apathy, using an a priori vmPFC seed adopted from a motivated decision-making study in an independent TBI study cohort. Patients reported apathy using a well-validated tool for assaying apathy in TBI. The vmPFC-to-wholebrain FC was contrasted between groups, and we fit regression models with apathy predicting vmPFC FC. Subacute and chronic TBI caused increased apathy relative to CTRL, replicating previous work suggesting that apathy has an enduring impact in TBI. The vmPFC was functionally connected to the canonical default network, and this architecture did not differ between subacute TBI, chronic TBI, and CTRL groups. Critically, in TBI, increased apathy scores predicted decreased vmPFC-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) FC. Last, we subdivided the TBI group based on patients above versus below the threshold for "clinically significant apathy," finding that TBI patients with clinically significant apathy demonstrated comparable vmPFC-dACC FC to CTRLs, whereas TBI patients with subthreshold apathy scores demonstrated vmPFC-dACC hyperconnectivity relative to both CTRLs and patients with clinically significant apathy. Post-TBI vmPFC-dACC hyperconnectivity may represent an adaptive compensatory response, helping to maintain motivation and enabling resilience to the development of apathy after neurotrauma. Given the role of vmPFC-dACC circuits in value-based decision making, rehabilitation strategies designed to improve this ability may help to reduce apathy and improve functional outcomes in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Hogeveen
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Denicia F. Aragon
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Kimberly Rogge-Obando
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Richard A. Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Avila-Rieger
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ronald A. Yeo
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - J. Kevin Wilson
- Department of Neurosciences, and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Violet Fratzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- College of Education, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Emma Brandt
- Department of Neurosciences, and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jacqueline Story-Remer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew R. Mayer
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- The Mind Research Network/LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Cavanagh JF, Rieger RE, Wilson JK, Gill D, Fullerton L, Brandt E, Mayer AR. Joint analysis of frontal theta synchrony and white matter following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2210-2223. [PMID: 31368085 PMCID: PMC6992511 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most disabling aspects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) include lingering deficits in executive functioning. It is known that mTBI can damage white matter tracts, but it remains unknown how this structural brain damage translates into cognitive deficits. This experiment utilized theta band phase synchrony to identify the dysfunctional neural operations that contribute to cognitive problems following mTBI. Sub-acute stage (< 2 weeks) mTBI patients (N = 52) and healthy matched controls (N = 32) completed a control-demanding task with concurrent EEG. Structural MRI was also collected. While there were no performance-specific behavioral differences between groups in the dot probe expectancy task, the degree of theta band phase synchrony immediately following injury predicted the degree of symptom recovery two months later. Although there were no differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between groups, joint independent components analysis revealed that a smaller network of lower FA-valued voxels contributed to a diminished frontal theta phase synchrony network in the mTBI group. This finding suggests that frontal theta band markers of cognitive control are sensitive to sub-threshold structural aberrations following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Rieger
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lynne Fullerton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 116025, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Emma Brandt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1101 Yale Blvd, University of New Mexico, MSC 084740, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Quinn DK, Upston J, Jones T, Brandt E, Story-Remer J, Fratzke V, Wilson JK, Rieger R, Hunter MA, Gill D, Richardson JD, Campbell R, Clark VP, Yeo RA, Shuttleworth CW, Mayer AR. Cerebral Perfusion Effects of Cognitive Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Mild-Moderate TBI. Front Neurol 2020; 11:545174. [PMID: 33117255 PMCID: PMC7575722 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.545174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent post-traumatic symptoms (PPS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant chronic functional impairment. Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) has been used in multiple studies to explore changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that may result in acute and chronic TBI, and is a promising neuroimaging modality for assessing response to therapies. Methods: Twenty-four subjects with chronic mild-moderate TBI (mmTBI) were enrolled in a pilot study of 10 days of computerized executive function training combined with active or sham anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for treatment of cognitive PPS. Behavioral surveys, neuropsychological testing, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pCASL sequences to assess global and regional CBF were obtained before and after the training protocol. Results: Robust improvements in depression, anxiety, complex attention, and executive function were seen in both active and sham groups between the baseline and post-treatment visits. Global CBF decreased over time, with differences in regional CBF noted in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Active stimulation was associated with static or increased CBF in the right IFG, whereas sham was associated with reduced CBF. Neuropsychological performance and behavioral symptoms were not associated with changes in CBF. Discussion: The current study suggests a complex picture between mmTBI, cerebral perfusion, and recovery. Changes in CBF may result from physiologic effect of the intervention, compensatory neural mechanisms, or confounding factors. Limitations include a small sample size and heterogenous injury sample, but these findings suggest promising directions for future studies of cognitive training paradigms in mmTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin K Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joel Upston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Emma Brandt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Violet Fratzke
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Chicago Medical School, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - J Kevin Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Rebecca Rieger
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Darbi Gill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessica D Richardson
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Richard Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ronald A Yeo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Brandt E, Wilson JK, Rieger RE, Gill D, Mayer AR, Cavanagh JF. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Correlates With Depressive Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Depression is a pervasive psychiatric problem following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the onset and course of symptom expression following mTBI can differ from that of spontaneous episodes of depression. Here, we aimed to assess a physiological metric closely linked to depression: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of high frequency heart rate variability. RSA is reduced during depressive episodes, and higher resting RSA has been shown to predict future recovery from depression. In this study, we investigated if these patterns were observed throughout the typical timeframe of sub-acute mTBI recovery. Although RSA did not differ between mTBI ( n = 50) and control ( n = 27) groups, depressive symptoms were reliably correlated with RSA only in the mTBI group. This pattern was consistent 2 weeks, 2 months, and 4 months post-injury. Furthermore, resting RSA shortly following injury predicted the trajectory of depressive symptoms 2 months later. These findings generalize the connection between RSA and depression to a clinical population where depressive symptoms are common but often difficult to parse from other post-trauma consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brandt
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J. Kevin Wilson
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Rieger
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darbi Gill
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew R. Mayer
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, USA
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, USA
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9
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Brown DR, Jackson TCJ, Claus ED, Votaw VR, Stein ER, Robinson CSH, Wilson AD, Brandt E, Fratzke V, Clark VP, Witkiewitz K. Decreases in the Late Positive Potential to Alcohol Images Among Alcohol Treatment Seekers Following Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 55:78-85. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Heightened craving among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been attributed to a hypersensitivity to alcohol cues in attentional brain networks. Active mindfulness training has been shown to help improve attentional control. Here, we examined alcohol cue-related hypersensitivity among individuals with AUD who received rolling group mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), over right inferior frontal gyrus.
Methods
Participants (n = 68) viewed a series of emotionally negative, emotionally neutral and alcohol-related images. Following image presentation, participants were asked to rate their level of craving for the alcohol cues, and their level of negative affect evoked by neutral and negative cues. During the task, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded to capture an event-related component shown to relate to emotionally salient stimuli: the late positive potential (LPP). Participants who completed a follow-up EEG (n = 37) performed the task a second time after up to eight sessions of MBRP coupled with active or sham tDCS.
Results
We found that both craving ratings and the LPP significantly decreased in response to alcohol cues from pre- to post-treatment, but not for other image cues. The magnitude of alcohol image craving reductions was associated with the number of MBRP group sessions attended. Active tDCS was not associated with craving ratings, but it was associated with greater LPP amplitudes across image types.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest that disruption of alcohol-cue hypersensitivity in people with AUD may be a target mechanism of MBRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin R Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Trevor C J Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Mind Research Network of the Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Victoria R Votaw
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Elena R Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Charles S H Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Adam D Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Emma Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Violet Fratzke
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Mind Research Network of the Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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10
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Schönbeck U, Flad HD, Rietschel ET, Brandt E, Loppnow H. S-form LPS induces leukocyte adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells as potent as IL-1: lipid A precursor Ia antagonizes induction of adhesion by LPS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199400100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of adhesion molecules on human vascular endothelial cells (EC) during infection or inflammation is necessary to initiate migration of leukocytes to the disease focus. Various bacteria or endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) might exert differential capacity to induce adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. Therefore, we first investigated induction of adhesion by bacteria. Heat-killed Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) induced adhesion, whereas the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis or Mycobacterium tuberculosis did not, indicating the significance of LPS for this activation. Purified S-form LPS stimulated endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules for polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) or lymphocytes in a dose-dependent fashion. S-form LPS, containing an 0-specific chain, induced a maximal level of adhesion, comparable to adhesion induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1). We obtained the same results in cell ELISA with anti-ICAM-1 antibody (84H10). R-form LPS and free lipid A, lacking an O-specific chain also stimulated adhesion, however, to a lower degree (39-60%). Synthetic lipid A precursor Ia (compound 406) or another LPS-antagonist (non-toxic Rhodobacter capsulatus LPS) did not trigger endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules. These antagonists specifically inhibited LPS- or free lipid A-, but not IL-1-induced adhesion. These results suggest that lipid A is the active structure of LPS necessary for induction of adhesion, that the oligosaccharide portion is important for the capacity of LPS to stimulate adhesion, and that activation of adhesion to endothelial cells by LPS requires specific LPS binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Schönbeck
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Department of Immunologie und Zellbiologie, Department of Immunchemie und Biochemische Mikrobiologie, Borstel, Germany
| | - H.-D. Flad
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Department of Immunologie und Zellbiologie, Department of Immunchemie und Biochemische Mikrobiologie, Borstel, Germany
| | - E. Th. Rietschel
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Department of Immunologie und Zellbiologie, Department of Immunchemie und Biochemische Mikrobiologie, Borstel, Germany
| | - E. Brandt
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Department of Immunologie und Zellbiologie, Department of Immunchemie und Biochemische Mikrobiologie, Borstel, Germany
| | - H. Loppnow
- Forschungsinstitut Borstel, Department of Immunologie und Zellbiologie, Department of Immunchemie und Biochemische Mikrobiologie, Borstel, Germany
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11
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Jackson KA, Stroika S, Katz LS, Beal J, Brandt E, Nadon C, Reimer A, Major B, Conrad A, Tarr C, Jackson BR, Mody RK. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing and Patient Interviews To Link a Case of Sporadic Listeriosis to Consumption of Prepackaged Lettuce. J Food Prot 2016; 79:806-9. [PMID: 27296429 PMCID: PMC4910634 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of listeriosis in a patient who probably consumed a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product recalled for Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Although definitive epidemiological information demonstrating exposure to the specific recalled product was lacking, the patient reported consumption of a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product of either the recalled brand or a different brand. A multinational investigation found that patient and food isolates from the recalled product were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were highly related by whole genome sequencing, differing by four alleles by whole genome multilocus sequence typing and by five high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting a common source. To our knowledge, this is the first time prepackaged lettuce has been identified as a likely source for listeriosis. This investigation highlights the power of whole genome sequencing, as well as the continued need for timely and thorough epidemiological exposure data to identify sources of foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
| | - S Stroika
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - L S Katz
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - J Beal
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - E Brandt
- Ohio Department of Health Laboratory, 8995 East Main Street, Building 22, Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068, USA
| | - C Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - A Reimer
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - B Major
- Greater Toronto Area Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2301 Midland Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1P 4R7
| | - A Conrad
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Suite 355, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - C Tarr
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - B R Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - R K Mody
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
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12
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LeBlanc K, Jensen K, Krarup PM, Jorgensen L, Mynster T, Zappa B, Begolli L, Quazi S, Bhargava A, Luque JB, Suarez Gráu JM, Menchero JG, Moreno JG, Juraro JG, Ferreras ID, Nardi M, Millo P, Usai A, Lorusso R, Grivon M, Persico F, Allieta R, Christoffersen M, Brandt E, Helgstrand F, Westen M, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H, Strandfeit P, Bisgaard T, Vanini P, Kabbara S, Elia E, Piancastelli A, Guglielminetti D, Katsumoto F, Ahlqvist S, Björk D, Jänes A, Weisby-Enbom L, Israelsson L, Cengiz Y, Ndungu B, Kiragu P, Odende K, Jovanovic S, Pejcic V, Filipovic N, Trenkic M, Pavlovic A, Jovanovc B, Tatic M, Jovanovic A, Misra MC, Bansal VK, Subodh H, Krishna A, Bansal D, Ray S, Rajeshwari S, Björklund I, Burman A, Riccio PA, Vetrone G, Linguerri R, Liotta S, Antor M, Scottá M, Khalil H, Ichihara K, Takuo H, Ogawa M, Hidaka S, Hara K, Taki T, Ohashi S, Yoshida K, Galimov O, Shkundin A, Khanov V, Sarik J, Basta M, Bauder A, Kovach S, Fischer J, Tang L, Fei X, Xu M. Incisional Hernia: Daily Cases. Hernia 2015; 19 Suppl 1:S85-92. [PMID: 26518867 DOI: 10.1007/bf03355332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K LeBlanc
- Our Lady of the Lake Physician Group, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - K Jensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P-M Krarup
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Colorectal Cancer Group, Denmark
| | - L Jorgensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Mynster
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Colorectal Cancer Group, Denmark
| | - B Zappa
- King George Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - S Quazi
- King George Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Nardi
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - P Millo
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - A Usai
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - R Lorusso
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - M Grivon
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - F Persico
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - R Allieta
- Division of General Surgery, USL Valle D'Aosta - Umberto Parini Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy
| | - M Christoffersen
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - E Brandt
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Køge Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køge, Denmark
| | - F Helgstrand
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Køge Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køge, Denmark
| | - M Westen
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Rosenberg
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - H Kehlet
- Section of Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Strandfeit
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - T Bisgaard
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - P Vanini
- Casa di Cura Privata Malatesta Novello, Cesena, Italy
| | - S Kabbara
- Casa di Cura Privata Malatesta Novello, Cesena, Italy
| | - E Elia
- Casa di Cura Privata Malatesta Novello, Cesena, Italy
| | | | | | - F Katsumoto
- Katsumoto Day Surgery Clinic, Kitakyusyu, Japan
| | - S Ahlqvist
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - D Björk
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - A Jänes
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - L Weisby-Enbom
- Department of Radiology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - L Israelsson
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Surgery and Perioperative, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Y Cengiz
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.,Department of Surgery and Perioperative, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Ndungu
- The University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - P Kiragu
- Maralal County Hospital, Maralal, Kenya
| | - K Odende
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Jovanovic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - V Pejcic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - N Filipovic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - M Trenkic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - A Pavlovic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - B Jovanovc
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - M Tatic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - A Jovanovic
- Center for minimally invasive surgery, Nis, Serbia
| | - M C Misra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Bansal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H Subodh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Krishna
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - D Bansal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ray
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Rajeshwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - A Burman
- Department of Surgery, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - M Antor
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - H Takuo
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ogawa
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Hidaka
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Hara
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Taki
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ohashi
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Katsusika Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Galimov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - A Shkundin
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - V Khanov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - J Sarik
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Basta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Bauder
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Kovach
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Fischer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Tang
- Shaoxing people' hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - X Fei
- Shaoxing people' hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - M Xu
- Shaoxing people' hospital, Shaoxing, China
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13
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Christoffersen MW, Brandt E, Helgstrand F, Westen M, Rosenberg J, Kehlet H, Strandfelt P, Bisgaard T. Recurrence rate after absorbable tack fixation of mesh in laparoscopic incisional hernia repair. Br J Surg 2015; 102:541-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The mesh fixation technique in laparoscopic incisional hernia repair may influence the rates of hernia recurrence and chronic pain. This study investigated the long-term risk of recurrence and chronic pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with either absorbable or non-absorbable tacks for mesh fixation.
Methods
This was a nationwide consecutive cohort study based on data collected prospectively concerning perioperative information and clinical follow-up. Patients undergoing primary, elective, laparoscopic incisional hernia repair with absorbable or non-absorbable tack fixation during a 4-year interval were included. Follow-up was by a structured questionnaire regarding recurrence and chronic pain, supplemented by clinical examination, and CT when indicated. Recurrence was defined as either reoperation for recurrence or clinical/radiological recurrence.
Results
Of 1037 eligible patients, 84·9 per cent responded to the questionnaire, and 816 were included for analysis. The median observation time for the cohort was 40 (range 0–72) months. The cumulative recurrence-free survival rate was 71·5 and 82·0 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0·007). In multivariable analysis, the use of absorbable tacks was an independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio 1·53, 95 per cent c.i. 1·11 to 2·09; P = 0·008). The rate of moderate or severe chronic pain was 15·3 and 16·1 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0·765).
Conclusion
Absorbable tack fixation of the mesh was associated with a higher risk of recurrence than non-absorbable tacks for laparoscopic mesh repair of incisional hernia, but did not influence chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Brandt
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Køge Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Helgstrand
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Køge Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Hernia Database, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Westen
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Rosenberg
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Hernia Database, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Kehlet
- Section of Surgical Pathophysiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Hernia Database, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Strandfelt
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Bisgaard
- Gastro Unit, Surgical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Hernia Database, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Aschenbach TA, Brandt E, Buzzard M, Hargreaves R, Schmidt T, Zwagerman A. Initial Plant Growth in Sand Mine Spoil Amended with Peat Moss and Fertilizer Under Greenhouse Conditions: Potential Species for Use in Reclamation. ECOL RESTOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3368/er.30.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Ghulam O, Petersen F, Kasper B, Brandt E. Expression and functionality of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) on primary human lung mast cells. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1247914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Groene O, Brandt E, Schmidt W, Moeller J. The Balanced Scorecard of acute settings: development process, definition of 20 strategic objectives and implementation. Int J Qual Health Care 2009; 21:259-71. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzp024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Hickner J, Graham DG, Elder NC, Brandt E, Emsermann CB, Dovey S, Phillips R. Testing process errors and their harms and consequences reported from family medicine practices: a study of the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network. Qual Saf Health Care 2008; 17:194-200. [PMID: 18519626 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2006.021915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hickner
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 7110, Suite M-156, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
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18
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Graham DG, Harris DM, Elder NC, Emsermann CB, Brandt E, Staton EW, Hickner J. Mitigation of patient harm from testing errors in family medicine offices: a report from the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network. Qual Saf Health Care 2008; 17:201-8. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.022566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Oppermann M, Manuelian T, Józsi M, Brandt E, Jokiranta TS, Heinen S, Meri S, Skerka C, Götze O, Zipfel PF. The C-terminus of complement regulator Factor H mediates target recognition: evidence for a compact conformation of the native protein. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 144:342-52. [PMID: 16634809 PMCID: PMC1809651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement inhibitor Factor H has three distinct binding sites for C3b and for heparin, but in solution uses specifically the most C-terminal domain, i.e. short consensus repeats (SCR) 20 for ligand interaction. Two novel monoclonal antibodies (mABs C14 and C18) that bind to the most C-terminal domain SCR 20 completely blocked interaction of Factor H with the ligands C3b, C3d, heparin and binding to endothelial cells. In contrast, several mAbs that bind to the N-terminus and to the middle regions of the molecule showed no or minor inhibitory effects when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ligand interaction assays. This paradox between a single functional binding site identified for native Factor H versus multiple interaction sites reported for deletion constructs is explained by a compact conformation of the fluid phase protein with one accessible binding site. On zymosan particles mAbs C14 and C18 blocked alternative pathway activation completely. Thus demonstrating that native Factor H makes the first and initial contact with the C terminus, which is followed by N terminally mediated complement regulation. These results are explained by a conformational hypothetical model: the native Factor H protein has a compact structure and only one binding site accessible. Upon the first contact the protein unfolds and exposes the additional binding sites. This model does explain how Factor H mediates recognition functions during complement control and the clustering of disease associated mutations in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome that have been reported in the C-terminal recognition domain of Factor H.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oppermann
- Department of Immunology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Mishra A, Brandt E, Schlotman J, Rothenberg; M. Critical Role Of Antigen-Specific Lymphocytes In The Induction Of Asthma Associated Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EE). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Groene O, Möller J, Jorgensen SJ, Fugleholm AM, Moeller L, Schmidt W, Brandt E. Standards zur Gesundheitsförderung im Krankenhaus - Entwicklung und Testergebnisse aus neun europäischen Ländern. Gesundh ökon Qual manag 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-857907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Horst AK, Kötter S, Lindhorst TK, Ludwig A, Brandt E, Wagener C. Binding inhibition of type 1 fimbriae to human granulocytes: a flow cytometric inhibition assay using trivalent cluster mannosides. Med Microbiol Immunol 2001; 190:145-9. [PMID: 11827204 DOI: 10.1007/s004300100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The binding of type 1 fimbriae from Escherichia coli to vital human neutrophilic granulocytes was inhibited by synthetic trivalent cluster mannosides. Binding of type 1 fimbriae was measured in a flow cytometric assay. Based on the molarity of mannosyl residues, the clusters exceed the inhibitory potency of methyl alpha-D-mannoside by a factor of more than 1,000 and the inhibitory potency of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannoside by a factor of more than 10. The inhibition studies indicate that the trivalent cluster mannosides are very potent inhibitors of the binding of type 1 fimbriae to human neutrophilic granulocytes. Based on their defined structure, cluster mannosides are well suited for characterizing the molecular interactions of mannose-sensitive fimbriae with their cell membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Horst
- University Hospital Eppendorf, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hamburg, Germany.
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23
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Janerot-Sjöberg B, von Schmalensee N, Schreckenberger A, Richter A, Brandt E, Kirkhorn J, Wilkenshoff U. Influence of respiration on myocardial signal intensity. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27:473-479. [PMID: 11368860 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Echocardiographic quantification of myocardial perfusion after IV contrast is possible, based on the intensity of the received intermittent second harmonic signal. To investigate the influence of respiration on the intensity of myocardial signals, we examined nine patients with normal coronary angiograms. At baseline, end-expiratory and end-inspiratory images were obtained in broadband radiofrequency (RF) and intermittent second harmonic modes, the latter repeated during IV contrast at rest and at peak stress. In mid-septum at baseline, end-inspiratory integrated backscatter intensity was 4 dB higher (p < 0.05, both in second harmonic and fundamental domains) than end-expiratory intensity. In second harmonic imaging, contrast increased signal intensity by 4 dB (p < 0.05) in six examined segments, but the increase in the midseptal region (2 dB) was not significant. Contrast-enhanced intensity at end-inspiration was higher (3 dB, p < 0.01) than baseline intensity at end-expiration. We conclude that the increase in myocardial signal intensity during inspiration may resemble the contrast effect in intermittent second harmonic mode. The respiratory variation persists after contrast and may mask or exaggerate the effect of myocardial contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janerot-Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Linköping Heart Center, University of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden.
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24
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Pislaru C, D'hooge J, Pislaru SV, Brandt E, Cipic R, Angermann CE, Van de Werf FJ, Bijnens B, Herregods M, Sutherland GR. Is there a change in myocardial nonlinearity during the cardiac cycle? Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27:389-398. [PMID: 11369125 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distortion of a sound wave during propagation results in progressive transfer of the energy from fundamental to higher harmonics, and is dependent on the nonlinearity of the medium. We studied if relative changes in acoustical nonlinearity occur in healthy myocardium during the cardiac cycle. Radiofrequency data were acquired from transthoracic echocardiography (2.5 and 3.5 MHz), parasternal long axis view, from five dogs and nine healthy volunteers. Integrated backscatter was calculated after filtering for fundamental (FIB) and second harmonic frequencies (SHIB), from a region in the posterior myocardial wall. The results suggest that there is little difference between the SHIB and FIB, although there were large variations between individuals. The maximal changes in nonlinearity, as estimated by SHIB/FIB ratio, mostly occurred during systole. SHIB presented similar cyclic variation with FIB (p = NS). Further studies are necessary to separate the role of myocardial nonlinearity, attenuation, propagating distance, or acoustical properties of the blood. The results are important in further tissue characterization studies employing second harmonic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pislaru
- Department of Cardiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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25
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Stoeckelhuber M, Dobner P, Baumgartner P, Ehlert J, Brandt E, Mentele R, Adam D, Engelmann B. Stimulation of cellular sphingomyelin import by the chemokine connective tissue-activating peptide III. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37365-72. [PMID: 10956644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003709200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective import of phospholipids into cells could be mediated by proteins secreted from the cells into the extracellular compartment. We observed that the supernatants obtained from suspensions of thrombin-activated platelets stimulated the exchange of pyrene (py)-labeled sphingomyelin between lipid vesicles in vitro. The proteins with sphingomyelin transfer activity were purified and identified as the chemokine connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III) and platelet basic protein. Isolated CTAP-III stimulated the exchange of py-sphingomyelin between lipid vesicles but did not affect the translocations of py-labeled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. CTAP-III rapidly increased the transfer of py-sphingomyelin from low density lipoproteins into peripheral blood lymphocytes, other immune cells, and fibroblasts. In the presence of heparin, CTAP-III was unable to insert sphingomyelin into the peripheral blood lymphocytes. The activation energy of the py-sphingomyelin transfer suggested that the translocation proceeded entirely in a hydrophobic environment. [(3)H]Sphingomyelin transferred to the cells by CTAP-III was hydrolyzed to [(3)H]ceramide and [(3)H]sphingosine after activation with tumor necrosis factor alpha. The generation of the [(3)H]sphingolipid messengers was catalyzed by acid sphingomyelinase. Our results identify CTAP-III as the first mediator of the selective (endocytosis-independent) cellular import of sphingomyelin allowing the paracrine modulation of the sphingolipid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stoeckelhuber
- Physiologisches Institut der Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 München, Germany
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26
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Ehlert JE, Ludwig A, Grimm TA, Lindner B, Flad HD, Brandt E. Down-regulation of neutrophil functions by the ELR(+) CXC chemokine platelet basic protein. Blood 2000; 96:2965-72. [PMID: 11049972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2, 70 amino acids) belongs to the ELR(+) CXC subfamily of chemokines. Similar to other members of this group, such as IL-8, NAP-2 activates chemotaxis and degranulation in neutrophils (polymorphonuclear [PMN]) through chemokine receptors CXCR-1 and CXCR-2. However, platelets do not secrete NAP-2 as an active chemokine but as the C-terminal part of several precursors that lack PMN-stimulating capacity. As we have previously shown, PMN themselves may liberate NAP-2 from the precursor connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III, 85 amino acids) by proteolysis. Instead of inducing cell activation, continuous accumulation of the chemokine in the surroundings of the processing cells results in the down-regulation of specific surface-expressed NAP-2 binding sites and in the desensitization of chemokine-induced PMN degranulation. Thus, NAP-2 precursors may be regarded as indirect mediators of functional desensitization in neutrophils. In the current study we investigated the biologic impact of another major NAP-2 precursor, the platelet basic protein (PBP, 94 amino acids). We show that PBP is considerably more potent than CTAP-III to desensitize degranulation and chemotaxis in neutrophils. We present data suggesting that the high desensitizing capacity of PBP is based on its enhanced proteolytic cleavage into NAP-2 by neutrophil-expressed cathepsin G and that it involves efficient down-regulation of surface-expressed CXCR-2 while CXCR-1 is hardly affected. Correspondingly, we found PBP and, less potently, CTAP-III to inhibit CXCR-2- but not CXCR-1- dependent chemotaxis of neutrophils toward NAP-2. Altogether our findings demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory capacity of NAP-2 is governed by the species of its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Ehlert
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology and the Division of Biophysics, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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27
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Brandt E, Colombel JF, Ectors N, Gambiez L, Emilie D, Geboes K, Capron M, Desreumaux P. Enhanced production of IL-8 in chronic but not in early ileal lesions of Crohn's disease (CD). Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 122:180-5. [PMID: 11091272 PMCID: PMC1905765 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct Th1/Th2 patterns have been observed during the evolution of CD. The aim of this study was to compare neutrophil involvement and IL-8 mRNA and protein expression during early recurrent lesions and chronic phases of CD. Twenty-nine patients with CD having ileocolonic resection with anastomosis were studied. Biopsies were obtained during surgery from the non-inflamed ileal mucosa and from chronic ileal lesions. Endoscopic ileal biopsies were also taken from early recurrent ileal lesions occurring 3 months after surgery. Neutrophil counts were performed and mucosal IL-8 levels were evaluated by competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Early recurrent ileal lesions were characterized by low neutrophil counts and IL-8 production at the mRNA and protein levels compared with the ileal chronic lesions. The main cellular sources of IL-8 in the early recurrent lesions were neutrophils, while in chronic lesions the majority of IL-8-stained cells were CD3+ T cells and macrophages. These results confirmed that the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate and the expression of cytokine profiles may differ between the acute and chronic phases of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- INSERM U167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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28
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Lorenzen DR, Günther D, Pandit J, Rudel T, Brandt E, Meyer TF. Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin modifies the oxidative burst of human professional phagocytes. Infect Immun 2000; 68:6215-22. [PMID: 11035728 PMCID: PMC97702 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.11.6215-6222.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of infection with the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the local infiltration and subsequent activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Several gonococcal outer membrane proteins are involved in the interaction with and the activation of these phagocytes, including gonococcal porin, the most abundant protein in the outer membrane. Previous work suggests that this porin plays a role in various cellular processes, including inhibiting neutrophils activation and phagosome maturation in professional phagocytes. Here we investigated the ability of porin to modify the oxidative metabolism of human peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes in response to particulate stimuli (including live gonococci) and soluble agents. The activation of the oxidative metabolism was determined by chemiluminescence amplified with either luminol or lucigenin. We found that treatment of the phagocytes with porin inhibits the release of reactive oxygen species measured as luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in response to zymosan, latex particles, and gonococci. The engulfment of these particles was not, however, affected by porin treatment. Similar effects of porin on the chemiluminescence response were observed in cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils exposed to the soluble chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This indicates that porin selectively inhibits granule fusion with those cellular membranes that are in direct contact with porin, namely, the phagosomal and plasma membranes. This porin-induced downregulation of oxidative metabolism may be a potent mechanism by which gonococci modulate oxygen-dependent reactions by activated phagocytes at inflammation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Lorenzen
- Abteilung Molekulare Biologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Infektionsbiologie, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Abstract
Although platelet factor 4 (PF-4) and the beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) proteins represent the first chemokines to be discovered, their functional roles in host defense became clear only recently. Residing in platelets as storage proteins and becoming released into the blood at very high concentrations, these mediators appear to fulfill different and complementary tasks as first-line mediators in the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, as well in the regulation of tissue repair. Whereas both proteins are structurally closely related members of the CXC chemokine subfamily, they are subject to quite dissimilar regulatory mechanisms controlling their generation and their spectrum of biological activities. Thus, proteolytic processing of inactive precursors plays a decisive role in whether the beta-TG proteins will act as stimulatory or inhibitory agents in neutrophil activation via the G protein-coupled receptors CXCR-1 and 2. PF-4, existing as a single molecular form, is largely resistant to proteolytic modification, but its interaction with an unusual receptor(s) on leukocytes (a proteoglycan) appears to depend on its oligomeric state. There is growing evidence that both chemokines may interfere with each other at various regulatory levels to promote coordinated cell activation. Moreover, recent findings suggest novel and unexpected activities for these chemokines, which may extend our view on early host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany
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30
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Petersen F, Spillmann D, Scheuerer B, Fleischer J, Flad HD, Brandt E. Is platelet factor-4 a chemokine? Eur Cytokine Netw 2000; 11:506-7. [PMID: 11203196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany.
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31
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Abstract
The clinical evaluation of regional delays in myocardial motion (myocardial asynchrony) has proved problematic, yet it remains an important functional parameter to evaluate. Prior attempts to quantify regional asynergy have met with limited success, often thwarted by the low temporal resolution of imaging-system data acquisition. If a delay in onset of motion of 30-40 msec is clinically important to measure, then data acquisition at frame rates of 50-100 per second is required. This is out of the current temporal resolution of angiographic, nuclear, or magnetic resonance studies. Only cardiac ultrasound can currently achieve the necessary frame rates. Furthermore, quantitative studies into the accuracy with which a trained observer can identify computed regional myocardial asynchrony in a left-ventricular 2-dimensional (2-D) image have shown that regional delays of < 80 msec are not normally recognized in a moving image. This may be improved to 60 msec when either training is undertaken or comparative image review is used. However, this is still out of the temporal resolution required in clinical practice. Thus, visual interpretation of asynchrony is not sufficiently accurate. Two ultrasound data sets based on either integrated backscatter or Doppler myocardial imaging data may provide the solution. Doppler myocardial imaging is a new ultrasound technique which, in either its pulsed or color Doppler format, can achieve the required temporal resolution (with temporal resolutions of 8 msec and 16 msec, respectively). In contrast, color Doppler myocardial imaging, in its curved M-mode format, can display the timing of events during the cardiac cycle for all in-plane myocardial segments. This should allow the quantitation of regional delay for all systolic and diastolic events. Potentially, asynchrony due to regional ischemia, bundle branch block, ventricular premature beats, and ventricular preexcitation could all be identified and the degree of delay quantified. This overview will aim to establish the potential role of these new ultrasound methodologies in the recognition and quantitation of left-ventricular asynergy and how they might best be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Sutherland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Ludwig A, Ehlert JE, Flad HD, Brandt E. Identification of distinct surface-expressed and intracellular CXC-chemokine receptor 2 glycoforms in neutrophils: N-glycosylation is essential for maintenance of receptor surface expression. J Immunol 2000; 165:1044-52. [PMID: 10878382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled CXC-chemokine receptor CXCR-2 mediates activation of neutrophil effector functions in response to multiple ligands, including IL-8 and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2). Although CXCR-2 has been successfully cloned and expressed in several cell lines, the molecular properties of the native neutrophil-expressed receptor have remained largely undefined. Here we report on the identification and characterization of distinct CXCR-2 glycoforms and their subcellular distribution in neutrophils. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses of surface-expressed receptors covalently linked to IL-8 or NAP-2 as well as in their unloaded state revealed the occurrence of a single CXCR-2 variant with an apparent size of 56 kDa. According to deglycosylation experiments surface-expressed CXCR-2 carries two N-linked 9-kDa carbohydrate moieties that are both of complex structure. In addition, two other CXCR-2 variants of 38 and 40 kDa were found to occur exclusively intracellular and to carry N-glycosylations of high mannose or hybrid type. These receptors did not participate in ligand-induced receptor trafficking, while surface-expressed CXCR-2 was internalized and re-expressed following stimulation with NAP-2. By enzymatic removal of one 9-kDa carbohydrate moiety in surface-expressed CXCR-2 we can show that neither NAP-2-induced trafficking nor signaling of the receptor is dependent on its full glycosylation. Instead, glycosylation was found to protect CXCR-2 from proteolytic attack, as even partial deglycosylation is associated with serine protease-mediated disappearance of the receptor from the neutrophil surface. Thus, although not directly involved in signaling, glycosylation appears to be required to maintain neutrophil responsiveness to CXC-chemokines during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwig
- Department of Immunology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
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33
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Krijgsveld J, Zaat SA, Meeldijk J, van Veelen PA, Fang G, Poolman B, Brandt E, Ehlert JE, Kuijpers AJ, Engbers GH, Feijen J, Dankert J. Thrombocidins, microbicidal proteins from human blood platelets, are C-terminal deletion products of CXC chemokines. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:20374-81. [PMID: 10877842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.27.20374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial proteins are components of the innate immune system found in many organisms and produced by a variety of cell types. Human blood platelets contain a number of antibacterial proteins in their alpha-granules that are released upon thrombin activation. The present study was designed to purify these proteins obtained from human platelets and to characterize them chemically and biologically. Two antibacterial proteins were purified from platelet granules in a two-step protocol using cation exchange chromatography and continuous acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were designated thrombocidin (TC)-1 and TC-2. Characterization of these proteins using mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing revealed that TC-1 and TC-2 are variants of the CXC chemokines neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, respectively. TC-1 and TC-2 differ from these chemokines by a C-terminal truncation of 2 amino acids. Both TCs, but not neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and connective tissue-activating peptide-III, were bactericidal for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactococcus lactis and fungicidal for Cryptococcus neoformans. Killing of B. subtilis by either TC appeared to be very rapid. Because TCs were unable to dissipate the membrane potential of L. lactis, the mechanism of TC-mediated killing most probably does not involve pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krijgsveld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Brandt E, Woerly G, Younes AB, Loiseau S, Capron M. IL-4 production by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 68:125-30. [PMID: 10914499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are phagocytic cells, able to secrete a large range of cytokines, including inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, as well as the Th1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-12. Although PMN do not seem to express IL-10 and IL-13, no information exists on the ability of PMN to produce IL-4. Therefore intracellular flow cytometry was performed in the presence or absence of Brefeldin A. Similarly to eosinophils, freshly isolated neutrophils from normal donors contained low amounts of IL-4, which significantly increased upon culture with Brefeldin A (P < 0001). Immunostaining performed on cytospin preparations of normal granulocytes confirmed the presence of intracellular IL-4. Using a highly sensitive ELISA, the levels of IL-4 secreted by cultured PMN and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were compared. PBMC secrete up to 60 times more IL-4 as PMN but, in the presence of calcium ionophore, only PMN showed a slight but significant increase in IL-4 secretion (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we report here the presence within human PMN of intracellular IL-4, which can at least partly be released under calcium ionophore stimulation. The relevance of this production of IL-4 by human PMN is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Unité INSERM U167, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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35
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Abstract
Survival or apoptosis, activation and differentiation, phagocytosis and antigen presentation, migration or participation in granuloma formation are features of freshly recruited blood-borne monocytes in the local environment. In this presentation we describe that human monocytes undergo spontaneous apoptosis in vitro which involves Fas/FasL interactions, and that proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta and granulocyte-monocyte-colony-stimulating factor prevent spontaneous apoptosis. In vitro infection of purified monocytes with low numbers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv prevents spontaneous apoptosis. The apoptosis-preventing effect is correlated to the release of TNFalpha and not due to phagocytosis per se. Furthermore, the minor subset of CD64-negative monocytes is found to be less susceptible to recall antigen-activated CD4-positive T cell-mediated apoptosis than CD64-positive monocytes. Finally, recent findings of our group indicate that the chemokine platelet factor 4 protects monocytes from spontaneous apoptosis and induces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. From these findings we conclude that monocyte recruitment, their survival, their differentiation and their functional activity at the site of inflammation are regulated by a cytokine network which needs to be further analyzed in order to design strategies for immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Flad
- Department of Immunology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
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36
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Brandt E, Petersen F, Ludwig A, Ehlert JE, Bock L, Flad HD. The beta-thromboglobulins and platelet factor 4: blood platelet-derived CXC chemokines with divergent roles in early neutrophil regulation. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67:471-8. [PMID: 10770278 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.67.4.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes to sites of tissue injury is one of the earliest events during host defense. Several chemotactic cytokines belonging to the CXC subfamily of chemokines are thought to be implicated in this kind of response. Especially those CXC chemokines that are stored in blood platelets and become immediately released upon activation are likely to dominate neutrophil-dependent host defense at the onset of inflammation. The major platelet-derived CXC chemokines are the beta-thromboglobulins and platelet factor 4 (PF-4), which are both released into the blood at micromolar concentrations. The availability as well as the functional activity of these mediators appear to be subject to tight control by diverse regulatory mechanisms. These include proteolytic processing of chemokine precursors, oligomer formation, and the differential usage of neutrophil-expressed receptors. Herein we review our work on early neutrophil regulation by PF-4, the beta-thromboglobulin neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) and its major precursor connective tissue-activating peptide III (CTAP-III). We moreover propose a model to assess the contribution by either of these chemokines to coordinated recruitment and activation of neutrophils in response to acute tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany
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37
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Bonecchi R, Facchetti F, Dusi S, Luini W, Lissandrini D, Simmelink M, Locati M, Bernasconi S, Allavena P, Brandt E, Rossi F, Mantovani A, Sozzani S. Induction of functional IL-8 receptors by IL-4 and IL-13 in human monocytes. J Immunol 2000; 164:3862-9. [PMID: 10725748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.7.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-8 and related Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR+) CXC chemokines are potent chemoattractants for neutrophils but not for monocytes. IL-13 and IL-4 strongly increased CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptor expression in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The effect was receptor- and cell type-selective, in that CCRs were not increased and no augmentation was seen in neutrophils. The effect was rapid, starting at 4 h, and concentration dependent (EC50 = 6.2 and 8.3 ng/ml for CXCR1 and CXCR2, respectively) and caused by new transcriptional activity. IL-13/IL-4-treated monocytes showed increased CXCR1 and CXCR2 membrane expression. IL-8 and related ELR+ chemokines were potent and effective chemotactic agents for IL-13/IL-4-treated monocytes, but not for untreated mononuclear phagocytes, with activity comparable to that of reference monocyte attractants, such as MCP-1. In the same cells, IL-8 also caused superoxide release. Macrophages and dendritic cells present in biopsies from Omenn's syndrome and atopic dermatitis patients, two Th2 skewed pathologies, expressed IL-8 receptors by immunohistochemistry. These results show that IL-13 and IL-4 convert IL-8 and related ELR+ chemokines, prototypic neutrophil attractants, into monocyte chemotactic agonists, by up-regulating receptor expression. Therefore, IL-8 and related chemokines may contribute to the accumulation and positioning of mononuclear phagocytes in Th2-dominated responses.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/isolation & purification
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Blotting, Northern
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-13/physiology
- Interleukin-4/physiology
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B
- Respiratory Burst/immunology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bonecchi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
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38
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Pruksakorn S, Sittisombut N, Phornphutkul C, Pruksachatkunakorn C, Good MF, Brandt E. Epidemiological analysis of non-M-typeable group A Streptococcus isolates from a Thai population in northern Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1250-4. [PMID: 10699034 PMCID: PMC86390 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.3.1250-1254.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with group A streptococci (GAS) can lead to the development of severe postinfectious sequelae such as rheumatic fever (RF). In Thailand, RF and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain important health problems. More than 80% of GAS circulating in this population are non-M antigen typeable by conventional M serotyping methods. In this study, we determine the M protein sequence types of GAS isolates found in northern Thailand. The emm genes from 53 GAS isolates, collected between 1985 and 1995 from individuals with pharyngitis, impetigo, acute RF (ARF), RHD, or meningitis as well as from individuals without infections, were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Thirteen new sequence types that did not show homology to previously published sequences were characterized. Six of these sequence types could be isolated from both skin and throat sites of impetigo and pharyngitis/ARF patients, respectively. In many cases we could not specifically differentiate skin strains or throat strains that could be associated with ARF or acute glomerulonephritis. Antigenic variations in the emm gene of the isolates investigated, compared to published M protein sequences, were predominantly due to point mutations, small deletions, and insertions in the hypervariable region. One group of isolates with homology to M44 exhibited corrected frameshift mutations. A new M type isolated from an RHD patient exhibited nucleotide sequence corresponding to the N terminus of M58 and the C terminus of M25, suggesting that recombination between the two types may have occurred. This study provided epidemiological data relating to GAS endemic to northern Thailand which could be useful for identification of vaccine candidates in a specific region of endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pruksakorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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39
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Brandt E, Wiechmann I, Grupe G. Possibilities of extraction and characterization of ancient plasma proteins in archaeological bones. Anthropol Anz 2000; 58:85-91. [PMID: 10816791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the mineral matrix bone proteins are capable of surviving during centuries after inhumation, but cross-linking with other bone proteins as well as fragmentation and complex reactions with humic acids and microorganisms lead to considerable alterations in molecular weight and structure of these proteins. Our group concentrates on polymorphic plasma proteins which diffuse out of the capillary system into the bone matrix where they adsorb to the mineralic substrate. So far, only little is known about the degradation and alteration of these proteins in fossil bones. It has to be evaluated whether the aged proteins still contain some of the information which renders them a valuable tool for forensic questions and population genetics in recent populations. Therefore we tried by modification of already existing methods to expand plasma protein identification and subtyping into the new field of aged plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Institute of Anthropology und Human Genetics, University of München.
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40
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Scheuerer B, Ernst M, Dürrbaum-Landmann I, Fleischer J, Grage-Griebenow E, Brandt E, Flad HD, Petersen F. The CXC-chemokine platelet factor 4 promotes monocyte survival and induces monocyte differentiation into macrophages. Blood 2000; 95:1158-66. [PMID: 10666185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unstimulated monocytes rapidly undergo physiological changes resulting in programmed cell death (apoptosis) while stimuli promoting differentiation of these cells into macrophages were shown to inhibit apoptotic processes. In the present study, we report that the platelet-derived alpha-chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) induces the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, as is evident from morphological changes as well as from the up-regulation of differentiation markers (carboxypeptidase M/MAX1 and CD71). Significant alterations of the phenotype were observed after 72 hours of culture in the presence of the chemokine and required a minimal concentration of 625 nmol/L PF4. PF4-induced macrophages were characterized by a lack of HLA-DR antigen on their surface but showed a strong increase in the expression of the CD28 ligand B7-2. Furthermore, PF4 stimulation prevented monocytes from undergoing spontaneous apoptosis during 72 hours of culture as determined in an annexin-V-binding assay. Although PF4 induced the secretion of relevant amounts of TNF-alpha, neutralizing antibodies directed against TNF-alpha or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) did not revert PF4-induced rescue from programmed cell death, suggesting that PF4 exerts its antiapoptotic effects in a TNF-alpha- or GM-CSF-independent fashion. On the basis of these results, we propose a novel role for PF4 in the control of monocyte differentiation during an inflammatory process in vivo. (Blood. 2000;95:1158-1166)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Scheuerer
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, D23845 Borstel, Germany
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41
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Voigt JU, Bijnens B, D'hooge J, Brandt E, von Bibra H. WIE ENTSTEHEN HARMONISCHE OBERWELLEN IM KONTRASTMITTEL-ULTRASCHALL ? BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2000. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.2000.45.s1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Krüger S, Brandt E, Klinger M, Kreft B. Interleukin-8 secretion of cortical tubular epithelial cells is directed to the basolateral environment and is not enhanced by apical exposure to Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2000; 68:328-34. [PMID: 10603405 PMCID: PMC97138 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.1.328-334.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In upper urinary tract infections, tubular epithelial cells (TEC) may play a pivotal role in the initiation of the renal inflammatory response. They exert crucial immunological functions such as processing and presentation of foreign antigen, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, ENA-78, and RANTES). Since monolayer cultures are a limited model for polarized tubular epithelial cells, we studied the side-dependent IL-8 secretion of TEC by using cell culture inserts as a basement membrane imitation. Primary cultures of proximal TEC were stimulated with differently fimbriated mutants of Escherichia coli, E. coli LPS, S-fimbria isolates, and IL-1alpha. IL-8 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-8-like biological activity was tested by measuring elastase release from polymorphonuclear cells in supernatants of the upper and lower compartments. IL-8 mRNA was compared by competitive PCR. IL-8 secretion by TEC into the basolateral environment was significantly higher than secretion into the apical compartment, representing the tubular lumen. However, stimulation of IL-8 secretion by TEC was restricted to IL-1alpha and was not inducible by E. coli mutants, S fimbriae, or lipopolysaccharide. With this in vitro model of polarized TEC, we show that luminal contact of TEC with uropathogenic E. coli does not result in enhanced IL-8 secretion. The basolaterally directed production of the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 by TEC after stimulation with IL-1alpha might play an important role in the initiation of inflammatory cell influx into the renal parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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43
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Petersen F, Bock L, Flad HD, Brandt E. Platelet factor 4-induced neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction: involvement of mechanisms and functional consequences different from those elicited by interleukin-8. Blood 1999; 94:4020-8. [PMID: 10590045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF-4), a member of the CXC-subfamily of chemokines, is secreted in high amounts by activated platelets. In previous studies, we found that PF-4 specifically binds to human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), but requires tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as a costimulus for the induction of effector functions in suspended cells. In the present study, we have examined PF-4 in comparison with interleukin-8 (IL-8) for its ability to promote interaction of PMN with cultured endothelial cells (EC). We show here for the first time that PF-4 dose-dependently induces PMN to undergo extremely firm adhesion to EC as well as to exocytose secondary granule contents in the presence of these cells. Interestingly, costimulation by TNF-alpha was not required, indicating that EC could provide a corresponding signal(s). As evident from antibody blocking experiments, PF-4-induced adhesion involved PMN-expressed L-selectin as well as leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1), whereas IL-8 involved MAC-1. Because blocking antibodies to LFA-1 but not to L-selectin or MAC-1 abrogated PF-4-dependent marker exocytosis from PMN, the costimulatory signal provided by EC appears to be elicited through cell-cell contact via LFA-1. IL-8, inducing the upregulation of MAC-1, did not elicit marker exocytosis in contact with EC. Our results suggest a role for PF-4 in the promotion of PMN-EC interaction that is virtually different from that exhibited by other CXC-chemokines such as IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
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44
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Rothenberg ME, Zimmermann N, Mishra A, Brandt E, Birkenberger LA, Hogan SP, Foster PS. Chemokines and chemokine receptors: their role in allergic airway disease. J Clin Immunol 1999; 19:250-65. [PMID: 10535601 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020531322556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of allergic pulmonary disorders is the accumulation of an abnormally large number of leukocytes including eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and macrophages in the lung. There is now substantial evidence that eosinophils, under the control of T lymphocytes, are major effector cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which eosinophils accumulate and are activated in tissues is a fundamental question very relevant to allergic diseases. Another characteristic of allergic inflammation is the activation of leukocytes resulting in the release of biologically active mediators, such as histamine from mast cells and basophils. It is now apparent that chemokines are potent leukocyte chemoattractants, cellular activating factors, histamine releasing factors, and regulators of homeostatic immunity, making them particularly important in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma. In this regard, chemokines are attractive new therapeutic targets for the treatment of allergic disease. This article focuses on recently emerging data on the importance of chemokines and their receptors in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Rothenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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45
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Petersen F, Brandt E, Lindahl U, Spillmann D. Characterization of a neutrophil cell surface glycosaminoglycan that mediates binding of platelet factor 4. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:12376-82. [PMID: 10212210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF-4) is a platelet-derived alpha-chemokine that binds to and activates human neutrophils to undergo specific functions like exocytosis or adhesion. PF-4 binding has been shown to be independent of interleukin-8 receptors and could be inhibited by soluble chondroitin sulfate type glycosaminoglycans or by pretreatment of cells with chondroitinase ABC. Here we present evidence that surface-expressed neutrophil glycosaminoglycans are of chondroitin sulfate type and that this species binds to the tetrameric form of PF-4. The glycosaminoglycans consist of a single type of chain with an average molecular mass of approximately 23 kDa and are composed of approximately 85-90% chondroitin 4-sulfate disaccharide units type CSA (-->4GlcAbeta1-->3GalNAc(4-O-sulfate)beta1-->) and of approximately 10-15% di-O-sulfated disaccharide units. A major part of these di-O-sulfated disaccharide units are CSE units (-->4GlcAbeta1-->3GalNAc(4,6-O-sulfate)beta1-->). Binding studies revealed that the interaction of chondroitin sulfate with PF-4 required at least 20 monosaccharide units for significant binding. The di-O-sulfated disaccharide units in neutrophil glycosaminoglycans clearly promoted the affinity to PF-4, which showed a Kd approximately 0.8 microM, as the affinities of bovine cartilage chondroitin sulfate A, porcine skin dermatan sulfate, or bovine cartilage chondroitin sulfate C, all consisting exclusively of monosulfated disaccharide units, were found to be 3-5-fold lower. Taken together, our data indicate that chondroitin sulfate chains function as physiologically relevant binding sites for PF-4 on neutrophils and that the affinity of these chains for PF-4 is controlled by their degree of sulfation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Petersen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 575, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Notaras MJ, Rose K, Wright D, McCollum C, Kark AE, Kurzer MN, Belsham PA, Taylor RS, Naseef A, Brandt E, Jacob S, Anyanwu A, O'Riordan D, Kernick DP, Reinhold D, Johnson AG. Laparoscopic versus open mesh repair of inguinal hernia. BMJ 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7177.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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47
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Taylor RS, Naseef A, Brandt E, Jacob S. Laparoscopic versus open mesh repair of inguinal hernia. Laparoscopic repair can be made less expensive. BMJ 1999; 318:190. [PMID: 10068244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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48
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Brandt E, Müller-Alouf H, Desreumaux P, Woerly G, Colombel JF, Capron M. Circulating growth-regulator oncogene alpha contributes to neutrophil priming and interleukin-8-directed mucosal recruitment into chronic lesions of patients with Crohn's disease. Eur Cytokine Netw 1998; 9:647-53. [PMID: 9889409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) lesions are characterized by a marked neutrophilic infiltrate associated with enhanced mucosal IL-8, contrasting with low serum IL-8 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of circulating GROalpha and IL-8 on neutrophil priming and migration. The expression of surface molecules involved in rolling (CD62L, CD15) and firm adhesion (Mac-1 and LFA-1) to endothelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry, while the chemotactic response of PMN to IL-8 and to fMLP was investigated in a Boyden chamber assay. In addition, IL-8 and GROalpha levels were determined by ELISA in plasma samples and in culture supernatants of purified polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with CD and healthy blood donors. This study revealed an upregulation of CD11b (Mac-1) membrane expression on circulating PMN from patients with CD, as assessed by the mean fluorescence intensity which reflects antigen density. Furthermore, an enhanced chemotactic response towards both fMLP and IL-8 of PMN from CD patients was observed. Despite often undetectable levels of circulating IL-8, all plasma samples were positive for GROalpha, with a significant increase in CD patients when compared to donors. In vitro, equivalent concentrations of GROalpha were able to increase the IL-8 driven chemotaxis of PMN. In conclusion, blood PMN from patients with CD showed an enhanced capacity to be recruited into inflammed intestinal mucosa, which could be due to an increased expression of CD11b (Mac-1) as well as an increased chemotactic response toward fMLP or IL-8. This priming effect of PMN in CD may partly occur through elevated circulating GROalpha levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brandt
- Unité INSERM U. 167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
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49
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Ehlert JE, Gerdes J, Flad HD, Brandt E. Novel C-terminally truncated isoforms of the CXC chemokine beta-thromboglobulin and their impact on neutrophil functions. J Immunol 1998; 161:4975-82. [PMID: 9794434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil agonist neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) arises through proteolytic processing of platelet-derived N-terminally extended inactive precursors, the most abundant one being connective tissue-activating peptide-III (CTAP-III). Apart from N-terminal processing, C-terminal processing also appears to participate in the functional regulation of NAP-2, as indicated by our recent identification of an isoform missing four C-terminal amino acids, NAP-2 (1-66), which was about threefold more potent than full-size NAP-2. In the present study, we report on the discovery and identification of natural NAP-2 (1-63), an isoform truncated by seven C-terminal residues. Functional and receptor-binding analyses demonstrated that NAP-2 (1-63) represents the most active isoform, being about fivefold more potent than full-size NAP-2. Analyses of rNAP-2 isoforms successively truncated at the C terminus by up to eight residues suggest functionally important roles for acidic residues and for the leucine at position 63, a residue highly conserved within CXC chemokines. Finally, we report on a novel C-terminally truncated isoform of CTAP-III (CTAP-III (1-81)) representing the potential precursor of NAP-2 (1-66). We show that C-terminal truncation in CTAP-III enhances its potency to desensitize chemokine-induced neutrophil activation, indicating that C-terminal processing might not only serve to enhance neutrophil activation, but might as well participate in the down-regulation of an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Ehlert
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany.
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50
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Petersen F, Bock L, Flad HD, Brandt E. A chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan on human neutrophils specifically binds platelet factor 4 and is involved in cell activation. J Immunol 1998; 161:4347-55. [PMID: 9780212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF-4), a member of the alpha-chemokine subfamily of cytokines, activates human neutrophils independently of intracellular free calcium mobilization or binding to IL-8R. In the present study, we have identified and partially characterized a receptor for PF-4 on human neutrophils, which displays weak cross-reactivity with the IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, but not with other alpha-chemokines such as IL-8, neutrophil-activating peptide 2, or melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (GRO alpha). Binding studies revealed that human neutrophils express a high number of receptors (Bmax approximately 7.6 x 10(6) sites/cell) of moderate affinity (Kd approximately 650 nM). The kinetics of PF-4-binding correlates with the proportion of PF-4 tetramers in solution and with the activation of neutrophils for exocytosis. Reduction of PF-4 binding and PF-4-induced exocytosis in the presence of various glycosaminoglycans or following treatment of cells with chondroitinase ABC (but not other glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes) altogether demonstrates that the PF-4 receptor is a proteoglycan of the chondroitin sulfate class. Cross-linking experiments with radiolabeled PF-4 revealed a receptor-ligand complex of approximately 250 kDa. Taken together, our data show that a distinct chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan represents specific receptors for tetrameric PF-4 on human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Petersen
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany
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