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Takahashi M, Imahara K, Miyamoto Y, Myojo K, Yasuda M. Association between the Big Five personality traits and suicide-related behaviors in Japanese institutionalized youths. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e186. [PMID: 38868476 PMCID: PMC11114335 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim Inmates in correctional institutions experience higher rates of suicide attempt (SA), suicidal ideation (SI), and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) than the general population. This study aimed to examine the association between the Big Five personality traits and suicide-related behavior, and to estimate the prevalence rate of such behaviors among Japanese institutionalized youth. Methods The participants were 436 youths who had been admitted to four juvenile classification homes (JCHs) between September 2021 and March 2023; they were asked to respond to a self-report questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Results A total of 8.1% and 19.3%, 29.4% and 44.7%, and 46.3% and 75.3% of males and females had experienced SA, SI, and NSSI in their lifetime, respectively. Females reported significantly higher instances of suicide-related behaviors than males considering all suicide-related behaviors. Logistic regression analyses revealed that neuroticism significantly increased the odds ratios for SA, SI, and NSSI on controlling for sex, age, and number of admissions to JCHs. For NSSI, the odds ratio for agreeableness was significantly lower than 1, indicating a lower probability of NSSI. Conclusion The findings of our study demonstrate that neuroticism, one of the Big Five traits, was consistently and significantly associated with all suicide-related behaviors, including SA, SI, and NSSI, among youth offenders, while agreeableness was found as a protective factor only against NSSI. The results of this study might help correctional officers identify justice-involved youth at higher risk for suicide and allow the development of early interventions to prevent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasumi Imahara
- Osaka Juvenile Classification HomeMinistry of JusticeOsakaJapan
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- Nagoya Juvenile Classification HomeMinistry of JusticeNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Kayoko Myojo
- Kyoto Juvenile Classification HomeMinistry of JusticeKyotoJapan
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2
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Diaz E, Abad-Tortosa D, Ghezal M, Davin J, Lopez-Castroman J. Role of stressful life events and personality traits on the prevalence of wish to die among French physicians. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1244605. [PMID: 38322123 PMCID: PMC10844508 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1244605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide rates are higher among physicians than in the general population. We aimed to investigate the role of stressful life events (related or not to work conditions) and personality traits on wish to die, a proxy measure of suicidal ideation. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in France from March 2018 to September 2018. Physicians completed an online questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression model estimated factors associated with wish to die. Moderated moderation models were used to assess the effect of personality traits on the relationship between stressful events and wish to die. Results 1,020 physicians completed the questionnaire. Most (75%) had endorsed a work-related stressful event and one in six (15.9%) endorsed a wish to die the year before. Wish to die was associated with burnout (OR = 2.65, 95%CI = 1.82-3.88) and work-related stressful events (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.24-3.85) including interpersonal conflicts, harassment and work-overload. Emotional stability was the only personality trait associated with wish to die in the logistic regression (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.59-0.82). In moderation models, we observed a significant interaction involving three personality traits-emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness-along with gender, influencing the impact of stressful events on the wish to die. Limitations Our study is limited by the impossibility to control for risk factors associated with suicide like psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion Work-related stressful events significantly contribute to the manifestation of a wish to die among physicians. The impact of stressful events on the wish to die is moderated by factors such as gender and personality traits, including emotional stability and extraversion. These results are overall consistent with prior studies concerning the risk of burnout and suicide among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Diana Abad-Tortosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Maha Ghezal
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Josephine Davin
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Department of Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital (CHU), Nîmes, France
- IGF, CNRS-INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Identification of LRRK2 gene related to sarcopenia and neuroticism using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:675-681. [PMID: 36690080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is reported to be associated with neuroticism, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, it's of vital importance to elucidate the molecular mechanism of sarcopenia and neuroticism and to explore the potential molecular target of medical therapies for sarcopenia and neuroticism. METHODS The expression datasets (sarcopenia: GSE111006 and neuroticism: GSE60491) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to build the gene co-expression network, screen important modules, and filter the hub genes. Genes with significance over 0.2 and a module membership over 0.8 were hub genes. The overlapped hub genes between sarcopenia and neuroticism were defined as key genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed for the genes in modules with clinical interest. RESULTS In this study, we identified 28 gene modules for sarcopenia and 7 for neuroticism by WGCNA. The key modules of sarcopenia and neuroticism were the tan and turquoise modules, respectively. Hub genes of sarcopenia and neuroticism were 20 genes and 107 genes, respectively. The function enrichment found that apoptosis was the common pathway for sarcopenia and neuroticism. Finally, LRRK2 was identified as key genes. LIMITATIONS The sarcopenia dataset contained fewer samples. CONCLUSION Based on WGCNA, our study identified apoptosis pathway and LRRK2 that acted as essential components in the etiology of sarcopenia and neuroticism, which may enhance our fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.
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Kumar V, Sznajder KK, Kumara S. Machine learning based suicide prediction and development of suicide vulnerability index for US counties. NPJ MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 1:3. [PMID: 38609492 PMCID: PMC10938858 DOI: 10.1038/s44184-022-00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a growing public health concern in the United States. A detailed understanding and prediction of suicide patterns can significantly boost targeted suicide control and prevention efforts. In this article we look at the suicide trends and geographical distribution of suicides and then develop a machine learning based US county-level suicide prediction model, using publicly available data for the 10-year period from 2010-2019. Analysis of the trends and geographical distribution of suicides revealed that nearly 25% of the total counties experienced at least a 10% increase in suicides from 2010 to 2019, with about 12% of total counties exhibiting an increase of at least 50%. An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) based machine learning model was used with 17 unique features for each of the 3140 counties in the US to predict suicides with an R2 value of 0.98. Using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, the importance of all the 17 features used in the prediction model training set were identified. County level features, namely Total Population, % African American Population, % White Population, Median Age and % Female Population were found to be the top 5 important features that significantly affected prediction results. The top five important features based on SHAP values were then used to create a Suicide Vulnerability Index (SVI) for US Counties. This newly developed SVI has the potential to detect US counties vulnerable to high suicide rates and can aid targeted suicide control and prevention efforts, thereby making it a valuable tool in an informed decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Kumar
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Kristin K Sznajder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soundar Kumara
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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5
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Ebert T, Gebauer JE, Brenner T, Bleidorn W, Gosling SD, Potter J, Rentfrow PJ. Are Regional Differences in Psychological Characteristics and Their Correlates Robust? Applying Spatial-Analysis Techniques to Examine Regional Variation in Personality. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:407-441. [PMID: 34699736 DOI: 10.1177/1745691621998326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that psychological characteristics are spatially clustered across geographic regions and that regionally aggregated psychological characteristics are related to important outcomes. However, much of the evidence comes from research that relied on methods that are theoretically ill-suited for working with spatial data. The validity and generalizability of this work are thus unclear. Here we address two main challenges of working with spatial data (i.e., modifiable areal unit problem and spatial dependencies) and evaluate data-analysis techniques designed to tackle those challenges. To illustrate these issues, we investigate the robustness of regional Big Five personality differences and their correlates within the United States (Study 1; N = 3,387,303) and Germany (Study 2; N = 110,029). First, we display regional personality differences using a spatial smoothing approach. Second, we account for the modifiable areal unit problem by examining the correlates of regional personality scores across multiple spatial levels. Third, we account for spatial dependencies using spatial regression models. Our results suggest that regional psychological differences are robust and can reliably be studied across countries and spatial levels. The results also show that ignoring the methodological challenges of spatial data can have serious consequences for research concerned with regional psychological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ebert
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim
| | - Jochen E Gebauer
- Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | - Samuel D Gosling
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin.,School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
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6
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Rasmussen S, Cramer RJ, McFadden C, Haile CR, Sime VL, Wilsey CN. Sexual Orientation and the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study of Young Adults in the United Kingdom. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:439-457. [PMID: 31769357 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1691693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sexual orientation minority (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other; LGBQ+) persons represent a vulnerable population with respect to suicide-related behavior. An emerging theory of suicide, the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicide (IMV), is utilized in the present study to examine sexual orientation, as well as a number of other IMV-defined pre-motivational factors (i.e., demographics, psychological distress and personality), as they impact the IMV motivational factors of defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation/intent. The present investigation featured a cross-sectional online survey of young adults (ages 18-34 years; n = 418; 27% identified as LGBTQ+) across the United Kingdom. The key findings included: (1) high rates of 12-month suicidal ideation prevalence (54.5%) and willingness to enact a future suicide attempt (60.8%); (2) bisexual and other (e.g., pansexual)-identifying sexual minority persons reported higher levels of IMV-related outcomes (e.g., internal entrapment, defeat); (3) sexual orientation accounted for significant variance in predicting motivational constructs controlling for a number of other pre-motivational factors; (4) other sexual minority status, compared to heterosexual identity, predic all motivational outcomes, and; (5) extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability emerged as pre-motivational protective factors for varying motivational outcomes. Findings are discussed with respect to the suicide and sexual minority theories, as well as tailored suicide prevention efforts and future research.
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7
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Khosravi M, Kasaeiyan R. The relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts among medical students: Moderating role of attachment styles. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:2680-2687. [PMID: 32984107 PMCID: PMC7491799 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1200_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study strives to find an experimental response to these questions: “Is the relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts a simple relationship? Or are there other psychopathological variables such as attachment styles that also affect it?” Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 376 medical students were selected from the three major cities of Iran using multi-stage sampling method from July 2018 to September 2018 and were evaluated using the demographic information questionnaire, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ). Results: The overall prevalence of having suicidal thoughts among Iranian medical students was 17%. Moreover, the prevalence of suicide among the female, widowed, separated, and divorced students was higher than others. There was also a significant correlation between suicidal thoughts, gender, relational status, neuroticism, avoidant insecure attachment style, secure attachment style, and anxious/ambivalent insecure attachment style. Additionally, the attachment styles have a moderating role in the relationship between neuroticism and suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is concluded that despite the presence of neuroticism in medical students, the attachment styles can reduce the risk of suicide as moderator variables. Hence, attachment styles can be considered a potential treatment goal in the prevention of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Slamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rashya Kasaeiyan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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8
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Chen H, Lai K, He L, Yu R. Where You Are Is Who You Are? The Geographical Account of Psychological Phenomena. Front Psychol 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32265814 PMCID: PMC7105879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographical psychology aims to study the spatial distribution of psychological phenomenon at different levels of geographical analysis and their relations to macro-level important societal outcomes. The geographical perspective provides a new way of understanding interactions between humankind psychological processes and distal macro-environments. Studies have identified the spatial organizations of a wide range of psychological constructs, including (but not limited among) personality, individualism/collectivism, cultural tightness-looseness, and well-being; these variations have been plotted over a range of geographical units (e.g., neighborhoods, cities, states, and countries) and have been linked to a broad array of political, economic, social, public health, and other social consequences. Future research should employ multi-level analysis, taking advantage of more deliberated causality test methods and big data techniques, to further examine the emerging and evolving mechanisms of geographical differences in psychological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaisheng Lai
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingnan He
- School of Communication and Design, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Stefa-Missagli S, Unterrainer HF, Giupponi G, Holasek SJ, Kapfhammer HP, Conca A, Sarlo M, Erbuto D, Rogante E, Moujaes-Droescher H, Davok K, Berardelli I, Krysinska K, Andriessen K, Lester D, Pompili M. Suicide and Personality Traits: A Multicenter Study of Austrian and Italian Psychiatric Patients and Students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:220-232. [PMID: 31479172 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the differences in personality traits, particularly Neuroticism, in three clinical samples and three student samples in Austria and Italy and their impact on suicide. METHODS In total, 1,043 people (410 psychiatric inpatients and 633 university students) were tested in three regions of Europe: central Italy, northeast Italy, and eastern Austria. Psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and the following instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale-B, Symptom-Checklist-90-Standard, and Big Five Inventory. RESULTS The study found that the intensity of Suicidal Ideation was associated with the personality traits of Neuroticism, Anxiety, and Extraversion but also with Depression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, without the presence of Depression symptoms, neuroticism was a protective factor against Suicidal Ideation, whereas neuroticism when comorbid with Depression symptoms increased suicide risk in psychiatric patients. In all three regions, the clinical samples had higher scores for Neuroticism and for Depression symptoms than the student sample and consequently higher scores for Suicide. Furthermore, we demonstrated an interaction between gender and culture on personality traits, supporting the hypothesis that the distribution of self-reported personality traits is organized geographically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- University Clinic for Psychiatry, Medical University, Graz, Austria.,CIAR: Center of Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sandra-Johanna Holasek
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Conca
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Südtiroler Sanitätsbetrieb, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Katrin Davok
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Karolina Krysinska
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karl Andriessen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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How Five-Factor Personality Traits Affect Psychological Distress and Depression? Results from a Large Population-Based Study. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Prevalence, clinical and psychosocial variables of depression, anxiety and suicidality in geriatric tertiary care settings. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 41:38-44. [PMID: 30348596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study investigated the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and suicide risk in geriatric outpatients in tertiary care hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 803 participants aged 60 and above attending geriatric outpatient clinics in tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. Participants were assessed using DSM-IV-TR criteria to calculate the prevalence of deressive and anxiety disorders, and their suicide risk. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Core Symptom Index (CSI), 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), Neuroticism Inventory (NI) and the Revised Experience of Close Relationships Questionnaire (ECR-R) were administered. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQoL (EQ-5D). RESULTS The prevalence rate for depressive disorders was 23.7%, anxiety disorders was 6.4%, and current suicide risk was 20.4%. PSS, MSPSS, GDS, CSI, and NI scores were significantly higher in all clinical disorders and a suicide group compared with nonclinical subjects. MoCA and ECR-R did not differentiate between clinical disorder and nonclinical samples. Comparing all four outcomes, the EQ-5D differed most in the mixed depressive-anxiety disorder and nonclinical groups (t = 12.20, p < .001). CONCLUSION The present findings revealed a high prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicidality among elderly patients attending tertiary care hospitals. Perceived stress, perceived social support, and neuroticism scores were significantly higher in this group. Role of sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables as risk factors for these clinical disorders should be further examined.
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12
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Interpersonal trauma moderates the relationship between personality factors and suicidality of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191198. [PMID: 29329352 PMCID: PMC5766138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more prone to suicidal ideation and behavior. While those who have experienced interpersonal trauma exhibit more suicidality than those who have experienced non-interpersonal trauma, it is unclear how the traumatic effects are related to an individual’s personality characteristics. This study examined the association between interpersonal trauma and personality factors with suicidality, and elucidated the moderating role of interpersonal trauma in individuals with PTSD. The study included 6,022 participants from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study 2011. The Korean Version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used for the survey, including the participants’ history of suicidality, the traumas they have experienced, and their PTSD symptoms. The 11-item version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-11) was used to assess the participants’ personality factors. 76 individuals were diagnosed with PTSD, while 810 had been exposed to trauma but were not diagnosed with any DSM-IV mental disorder. Among the individuals with PTSD, those who had experienced interpersonal trauma were more likely to have suicidal ideation than those who had experienced non-interpersonal trauma (p = .020; odds ratio [OR] = 3.643; 95% confidence interval of OR = [1.226, 10.825]). High agreeableness and conscientiousness predicted less suicidality in those exposed to non-interpersonal trauma, while predicting more suicidality in those exposed to interpersonal trauma. Clinicians examining individuals with PTSD should pay closer attention to the trauma that they have experienced, as well as their personality factors, to provide appropriate treatment.
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13
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Su H, Cao J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Xing L. The mediating effect of coping style on personality and mental health among elderly Chinese empty-nester: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 75:197-201. [PMID: 29351838 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is a growing concern among older people all over the world. China has a rapidly aging population, and the number of elderly empty-nesters, who have no children or whose children have already left home, is on the rise. These older adults live alone or with a spouse. Therefore, we should be concerned about these empty-nester, especially their mental health, due to its vital role. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed from March to December 2015. The participants were 350 empty-nest elderly adults from Chifeng City in Inner Mongolia. Data were collected with the Elderly Mental Health Questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. For the analyses, correlations, regressions, and structural equation models were used. Bootstrapping was performed to confirm the mediation effect. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 70.33 ± 6.67 years. Mental health showed significant correlations with extraversion, neuroticism, and coping style (all P<0.01). Extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism were the independent variables, while mental health was the dependent variable in the linear regression model with stepwise analysis. Extraversion and neuroticism were entered into the regression equation. All standardized coefficients (β) were significant (all P<0.01) in the model, and bootstrapping indicated that the mediating role of coping style was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Coping style partially mediated the relationship between the personality and mental health of the empty-nest elderly. Consequently, to improve the mental health of the empty-nest elderly, coping style should be the focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, University of Harbin Medical,39 Shinyo Road, Daqing District, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Jianqin Cao
- Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, University of Harbin Medical,39 Shinyo Road, Daqing District, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Daqing Campus, University of Harbin Medical,39 Shinyo Road, Daqing District, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, University of Huzhou Normal,1 Xueshi Road, Huzhou District, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Lei Xing
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University,199 Development Road, Daqing District, Heilongjiang 163319, China
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14
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McCann SJH. Higher USA State Resident Neuroticism Is Associated With Lower State Volunteering Rates. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:1659-1674. [PMID: 28914141 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217724802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly neurotic persons have dispositional characteristics that tend to precipitate social anxiety that discourages formal volunteering. With the 50 American states as analytical units, Study 1 found that state resident neuroticism correlated highly ( r = -.55) with state volunteering rates and accounted for another 26.8% of the volunteering rate variance with selected state demographics controlled. Study 2 replicated Study 1 during another period and extended the association to college student, senior, secular, and religious volunteering rates. Study 3 showed state resident percentages engaged in other social behaviors involving more familiarity and fewer demands than formal volunteering related to state volunteering rates but not to neuroticism. In Study 4, state resident neuroticism largely accounted statistically for relations between state volunteering rates and state population density, collectivism, social capital, Republican preference, and well-being. This research is the first to show that state resident neuroticism is a potent predictor of state volunteering rates.
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Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of violent death in many countries and its prevention is included in worldwide health objectives. Currently, the DSM-5 considers suicidal behavior as an entity that requires further study. Among the three validators required for considering a psychiatric disorder, there is one based on psychological correlates, biological markers, and patterns of comorbidity. This review includes the most important and recent studies on psychological factors: cognitive, emotional, temperament, and personality correlates (unrelated to diagnostic criteria). We included classic factors related to suicidal behavior such as cognitive, inflexibility, problem-solving, coping, rumination, thought suppression, decision-making, autobiographical memory, working memory, language fluency, burdensomeness, belongingness, fearless, pain insensitivity, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and hopelessness. The personality correlates reported are mainly based on the personality theories of Cloninger, Costa and McCrae, and Eysenck. Moreover, it explores conceptual links to other new pathways in psychological factors, emptiness, and psychological pain as a possible origin and common end path for a portion of suicidal behaviors.
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Canetti D, Kimhi S, Hanoun R, Rocha GA, Galea S, Morgan CA. How Personality Affects Vulnerability among Israelis and Palestinians following the 2009 Gaza Conflict. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156278. [PMID: 27391240 PMCID: PMC4938394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Can the onset of PTSD symptoms and depression be predicted by personality factors and thought control strategies? A logical explanation for the different mental health outcomes of individuals exposed to trauma would seem to be personality factors and thought control strategies. Trauma exposure is necessary but not sufficient for the development of PTSD. To this end, we assess the role of personality traits and coping styles in PTSD vulnerability among Israeli and Palestinian students amid conflict. We also determine whether gender and exposure level to trauma impact the likelihood of the onset of PTSD symptoms. Five questionnaires assess previous trauma, PTSD symptoms, demographics, personality factors and thought control strategies, which are analyzed using path analysis. Findings show that the importance of personality factors and thought control strategies in predicting vulnerability increases in the face of political violence: the higher stress, the more important the roles of personality and thought control strategies. Thought control strategies associated with introverted and less emotionally stable personality-types correlate positively with higher levels of PTSD symptoms and depression, particularly among Palestinians. By extension, because mental health is key to reducing violence in the region, PTSD reduction in conflict zones warrants rethinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphna Canetti
- School of Political Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Rasmiyah Hanoun
- Faculty of Educational Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Gabriel A. Rocha
- Carolinas Biofeedback Clinic, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America, and Doctors Making Housecalls, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles A. Morgan
- National Security Program, University of New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, and School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Sinclair VG, Wallston KA, Strachan E. Resilient Coping Moderates the Effect of Trauma Exposure on Depression. Res Nurs Health 2016; 39:244-52. [PMID: 27176758 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic depression rates are increasing in the United States, and there is a great need to identify malleable factors that could moderate posttraumatic depression levels. The purpose of this study was to examine whether resilient coping moderates the effects of trauma exposure on depression, while controlling for neuroticism-an established predictor of depressive symptoms. This study used data from 3,734 pairs of twins from the community-based University of Washington Twin Registry. Each twin pair was randomized with twin A in one subsample and twin B in the second subsample. The four-item Brief Resilient Coping Scale measured resilient coping. The two-item Patient Health Questionnaire measured depression. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed on each subsample, controlling for neuroticism. In addition to significant effects of neuroticism and trauma exposure on depression (p < .001), the effect of the interaction of resilient coping and trauma exposure on depression was significant in both subsamples (p < .01). High levels of resilient coping were associated with lower depression scores in the context of previous trauma exposure. Individuals high in resilient coping who experienced significant life traumas were less depressed after trauma exposure, even after controlling for neuroticism. Because coping skills may be learned, interventions that teach resilient coping to individuals with traumatic histories merit investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn G Sinclair
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University 461 21st Ave. S., Nashville, TN, 37240
| | | | - Eric Strachan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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McCann SJH, Zawila C. American state gun law strength and state resident differences in neuroticism levels. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v4i1.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Relations between state gun law strength and state-aggregated levels of Republican leaning, gun ownership, and resident Big Five neuroticism (based on 619,397 residents nationally) were determined in a state-level analysis of the 50 American states using multiple regression strategies with state socioeconomic status, white population percent, and urban population percent statistically controlled. In a standard hierarchical model with state gun law strength as the criterion, the three demographic variables accounted for 44.4% of the variance and the Big Five accounted for another 21.9%. When the Big Five entered stepwise after the demographics, neuroticism was the sole significant personality predictor, accounting for another 13.4% of the variance. Greater state gun law strength was associated with higher state resident neuroticism. Further hierarchical regression analyses showed that state Republican leaning and gun ownership could account separately and jointly for significant variance in state gun law strength but not with state resident neuroticism controlled.
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Walker KL, Chang EC, Hirsch JK. Neuroticism and Suicidal Behavior: Conditional Indirect Effects of Social Problem Solving and Hopelessness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-016-9648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Personality traits in the differentiation of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. Psychiatry Res 2016; 236:75-79. [PMID: 26763110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in personality traits between individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) during a depressive episode, when it can be hard to differentiate them. Data on personality traits (NEO-FFI), mental disorders (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus) and socioeconomic variables were collected from 245 respondents who were in a depressive episode. Individuals with MDD (183) and BD (62) diagnosis were compared concerning personality traits, clinical aspects and socioeconomic variables through bivariate analyses (chi-square and ANOVA) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). There were no differences in the prevalence of the disorders between socioeconomic and clinical variables. As for the personality traits, only the difference in Agreeableness was statistically significant. Considering the control of suicide risk, gender and anxiety comorbidity in the multivariate analysis, the only variable that remained associated was Agreeableness, with an increase in MDD cases. The brief version of the NEO inventories (NEO-FFI) does not allow for the analysis of personality facets. During a depressive episode, high levels of Agreeableness can indicate that MDD is a more likely diagnosis than BD.
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21
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McCann SJH. Big Five Personality and Residential Mobility: A State-Level Analysis of the USA. The Journal of Social Psychology 2015; 155:274-91. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1007027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Neuman Y, Cohen Y. A vectorial semantics approach to personality assessment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4761. [PMID: 24755833 PMCID: PMC5381187 DOI: 10.1038/srep04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality assessment and, specifically, the assessment of personality disorders have traditionally been indifferent to computational models. Computational personality is a new field that involves the automatic classification of individuals' personality traits that can be compared against gold-standard labels. In this context, we introduce a new vectorial semantics approach to personality assessment, which involves the construction of vectors representing personality dimensions and disorders, and the automatic measurements of the similarity between these vectors and texts written by human subjects. We evaluated our approach by using a corpus of 2468 essays written by students who were also assessed through the five-factor personality model. To validate our approach, we measured the similarity between the essays and the personality vectors to produce personality disorder scores. These scores and their correspondence with the subjects' classification of the five personality factors reproduce patterns well-documented in the psychological literature. In addition, we show that, based on the personality vectors, we can predict each of the five personality factors with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Neuman
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yochai Cohen
- Department of Education, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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23
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Wang Y, Yao L, Liu L, Yang X, Wu H, Wang J, Wang L. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:61. [PMID: 24581332 PMCID: PMC3976156 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the rapid growth of economy, unemployment becomes a severe socio-economic problem in China. The huge population base in China makes the unemployed population a tremendously huge number. However, health status of unemployed population was ignored and few studies were conducted to describe the depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals in China. This study aims to examine the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms and the mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed during the period of July to September 2011. Questionnaires consisting of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), as well as demographic factors, were used to collect information of unemployed population. A total of 1,832 individuals (effective response rate: 73.28%) became our subjects. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 67.7% among Chinese unemployed individuals. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were all negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas neuroticism was positively associated with depressive symptoms. The proportion of mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms was 25.42%, 10.91%, 32.21% and 36.44%, respectively. Self-efficacy is a mediator in the relationship between extraversion/agreeableness/conscientiousness/neuroticism and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between Big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed individuals. Interventions that focus on both individuals' personality and self-efficacy may be most successful to reduce depressive symptoms of unemployed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshi Yang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiana Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No, 92 Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Blüml V, Kapusta ND, Doering S, Brähler E, Wagner B, Kersting A. Personality factors and suicide risk in a representative sample of the German general population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76646. [PMID: 24124582 PMCID: PMC3790756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous research has shown an association between certain personality characteristics and suicidality. Methodological differences including small sample sizes and missing adjustment for possible confounding factors could explain the varying results. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the Big Five personality dimensions on suicidality in a representative population based sample of adults. Method Interviews were conducted in a representative German population-based sample (n=2555) in 2011. Personality characteristics were assessed using the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) and suicide risk was assessed with the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Multivariate logistic regression models were calculated adjusting for depression, anxiety, and various sociodemographic variables. Results Neuroticism and openness were significantly associated with suicide risk, while extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be protective. Significant sex differences were observed. For males, extraversion and conscientiousness were protective factors. Neuroticism and openness were found to be associated with suicide risk only in females. These associations remained significant after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion The results highlight the role of personality dimensions as risk factors for suicide-related behaviors. Different personality dimensions are significantly associated with suicide-related behaviors even when adjusting for other known risk factors of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Blüml
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Nestor D. Kapusta
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Doering
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Wagner
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Kotrla Topic M, Perkovic Kovacevic M, Mlacic B. Relations of the Big-Five personality dimensions to autodestructive behavior in clinical and non-clinical adolescent populations. Croat Med J 2013; 53:450-60. [PMID: 23100207 PMCID: PMC3490456 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the relationship between the Big-Five personality model and autodestructive behavior symptoms, namely Autodestructiveness and Suicidal Depression in two groups of participants: clinical and non-clinical adolescents. Methods Two groups of participants, clinical (adolescents with diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on clinical impression and according to valid diagnostic criteria, N = 92) and non-clinical (high-school students, N = 87), completed two sets of questionnaires: the Autodestructiveness Scale which provided data on Autodestructiveness and Suicidal Depression, and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), which provided data on the Big -Five personality dimensions. Results Clinical group showed significantly higher values on the Autodestructiveness scale in general, as well as on Suicidal Depression, Aggressiveness, and Borderline subscales than the non-clinical group. Some of the dimensions of the Big-Five personality model, ie, Emotional Stability, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness showed significant relationship (hierarchical regression analyses, P values for β coefficients from <0.001 to 0.021) with Autodestructivness and Suicidal Depression, even after controlling for the sex and group effects or, when analyzing Suicidal Depression, after controlling the effect of other subscales. Conclusion The results indicate that dimensions of the Big-Five model are important when evaluating adolescent psychiatric patients and adolescents from general population at risk of self-destructive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kotrla Topic
- Institut drustvenih znanosti Ivo Pilar-Centar Osijek, Samacka 9/II, Osijek, Croatia.
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Montag C, Jurkiewicz M, Reuter M. The role of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene in personality and related psychopathological disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2012; 11:236-50. [PMID: 22483293 DOI: 10.2174/187152712800672382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a short overview of the most significant biologically oriented theories of human personality. Personality concepts of Eysenck, Gray and McNaughton, Cloninger and Panksepp will be introduced and the focal evidence for the heritability of personality will be summarized. In this context, a synopsis of a large number of COMT genetic association studies (with a focus on the COMT Val158Met polymorphism) in the framework of the introduced biologically oriented personality theories will be given. In line with the theory of a continuum model between healthy anxious behavior and related psychopathological behavior, the role of the COMT gene in anxiety disorders will be discussed. A final outlook considers new research strategies such as genetic imaging and epigenetics for a better understanding of human personality.
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27
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Evans SJ, Prossin AR, Harrington GJ, Kamali M, Ellingrod VL, Burant CF, McInnis MG. Fats and factors: lipid profiles associate with personality factors and suicidal history in bipolar subjects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29297. [PMID: 22253709 PMCID: PMC3258247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have shown efficacy in the treatment of bipolar disorder, however their specific role in treating the illness is unclear. Serum PUFA and dietary intakes of PUFA associate with suicidal behavior in epidemiological studies. The objective of this study was to assess serum n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels in bipolar subjects and determine possible associations with suicidal risk, including suicidal history and relevant personality factors that have been associated with suicidality. We studied 27 bipolar subjects using the NEO-PI to assess the big five personality factors, structured interviews to verify diagnosis and assess suicidal history, and lipomics to quantify n-3 and n-6 PUFA in serum. We found positive associations between personality factors and ratios of n-3 PUFA, suggesting that conversion of short chain to long chain n-3s and the activity of enzymes in this pathway may associate with measures of personality. Thus, ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and the activity of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) involved in the conversion of ALA to DHA were positively associated with openness factor scores. Ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ALA and ratios of EPA to DHA were positively associated with agreeableness factor scores. Finally, serum concentrations of the n-6, arachidonic acid (AA), were significantly lower in subjects with a history of suicide attempt compared to non-attempters. The data suggest that specific lipid profiles, which are controlled by an interaction between diet and genetics, correlate with suicidal history and personality factors related to suicidal risk. This study provides preliminary data for future studies to determine whether manipulation of PUFA profiles (through diet or supplementation) can affect personality measures and disease outcome in bipolar subjects and supports the need for further investigations into individualized specific modulations of lipid profiles to add adjunctive value to treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.
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McCann SJH. Personality and American state differences in obesity prevalence. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 145:419-33. [PMID: 21902010 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2011.584081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine whether state obesity-prevalence rates can be predicted by state differences in residents' levels on the Big Five personality variables (O. P. John & S. Srivastava, 1999). State obesity prevalence was the mean percentage of the state population from 2000 to 2005 with a body mass index > or = 30.0 as assessed by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010), which currently interviews more than 350,000 adults annually. State neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness z scores, based on the responses of 619,397 residents to an Internet survey from 1999 to 2005, were taken from P. J. Rentfrow, S. D. Gosling, and J. Potter (2008). Alaska, Hawaii, and North Dakota had scores outside -3 and +3 standard deviations on at least 1 variable and were excluded as outliers. For the 47 remaining states, state obesity prevalence was significantly correlated with neuroticism (.35), agreeableness (.38), openness (-.44), socioeconomic status (-.74), white percentage (-.34), and urbanization (-.43). Multiple regression analysis showed that socioeconomic status could account for 54.0% of the criterion variance and that agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness together could account for another 17.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart J H McCann
- Department of Psychology, Cape Breton University, P.O. Box 5300, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada .
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Vasconcelos AG, Malloy-Diniz LF, Nascimento ED, Neves F, Corrêa H. [Temperament traits associated with bipolar affective disorder: an integrative literature review]. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2011; 33:169-180. [PMID: 25924090 DOI: 10.1590/s2237-60892011000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested an association between temperament characteristics and adjustment and psychiatric disorders, describing them as different manifestations of vulnerability to psychopathology. The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the literature on temperament traits typical of bipolar patients in relation to the general population. A systematic search was conducted on the MEDLINE, PsycINFO and LILACS databases, using the headings bipolar disorder, temperament and/or personality, between January 2000 and December 2010. The search was performed in January 2011. A total of 199 articles were identified for potential inclusion in the review. After application of the exclusion criteria, a total of 15 articles were selected and their full texts analyzed. Review of the selected studies revealed heterogeneity in terms of sample profile and specific temperament traits assessed with the appropriate instruments. Temperament traits in bipolar patients are identified based on different theoretical models. The results of five studies consistently showed that neuroticism is a distinct personality trait in the temperament profile of bipolar patients. Future reviews should use more specific keywords and limit the search to studies with a longitudinal design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gomide Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG
| | | | - Elizabeth do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Avaliação das Diferenças Individuais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, UFMG
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