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Gao N, Liu Y, Liu G, Liu B, Cheng Y. Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3360-3376. [PMID: 38726415 PMCID: PMC11077191 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of hyperlipidemia is a serious threat to public health. The development of effective and safe lipid-lowering drugs with few side effects is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii extract (SVE) in rat experiments and reveal the molecular mechanism by transcriptome analysis. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the animals using a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, hyperlipidemic rats were assigned into two control groups (model and positive simvastatin control) and three treatment groups that received SVE at 200, 400, or 800 mg kg-1 day-1 for another 4 weeks. A last control group comprised normal chow-fed rats. At the end of the 8th week, rats were sacrificed and lipid serum levels, histopathology, and liver transcriptome profiles were determined. SVE was demonstrated to relieve the lipid disorder and improve histopathological liver changes in a dose-dependent manner. The transcriptomic analysis identified changes in hepatocyte gene activity for major pathways including steroid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, AMPK signaling, thyroid hormone signaling, and glucagon signaling. The changed expression of crucial genes in the different groups was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, this study revealed that SVE could relieve hyperlipidemia in rats, the molecular mechanism might be to promote the metabolism of lipids and the excretion of cholesterol, inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and the glucagon signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Yuanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringHeilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Vocational CollegeHarbinChina
| | - Yupeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of EducationHarbinChina
- School of PharmacyHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
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Li B, Chen XF, Wu HS, Su J, Ding YY, Zhang ZH, Rong M, Dong YJ, He X, Li LZ, Lv GY, Chen SH. The anti-hyperlipidemia effect of Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome increased HDL via reverse cholesterol transfer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28019. [PMID: 38560167 PMCID: PMC10979170 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Atractylodes macrocephala Rhizome (AM) has been used to treat hyperlipidemia for centuries, but its functional components and mechanisms are not clear. This research aimed to investigate the active components in AM and the mechanisms that underlie its anti-hyperlipidemia effect. Methods SD rats were fed a high-sucrose high-fat diet in conjunction with alcohol (HSHFDAC) along with different AM extracts (AMW, AMO, AME, and AMP) for 4 weeks. AM's active components were analyzed using multiple databases, and their mechanisms were explored through network pharmacology. The relationship between AM's effect of enhancing serum HDL-c and regulating the expression of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-related proteins (Apo-A1, LCAT, and SR-BI) was further validated in the HSHFDAC-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The kidney and liver functions of the rats were measured to evaluate the safety of AM. Results AMO, mainly comprised of volatile and liposoluble components, contributed the most significant anti-hyperlipidemia effect among the four extracts obtained from AM, significantly improving the blood lipid profile. Network pharmacology analysis also suggested that volatile and liposoluble components, comprise AM's main active components and they might act on signaling pathways associated with elevated HDL-c. Validation experiments found that AMO substantially and dose-dependently increased HDL-c levels, upregulated the expression of Apo-A1, SR-BI, and LCAT, improved the pathological changes in the kidney and liver, and significantly reduced the serum creatinine levels in rats with hyperlipidemia. Conclusion The main anti-hyperlipidemia active components of AM are its volatile and liposoluble components, which may enhance serum HDL-c by increasing the expression of the RCT-related proteins Apo-A1, LCAT, and SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313200, PR China
- Zhejiang Synergetic Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, PR China
| | - Xian-fang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Han-song Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ze-hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Mei Rong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Ying-jie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Xinglishang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Lin-zi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
| | - Gui-yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Su-hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313200, PR China
- Zhejiang Synergetic Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Co., Ltd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313200, PR China
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Shahsavari K, Shams Ardekani MR, Khanavi M, Jamialahmadi T, Iranshahi M, Hasanpour M. Effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) consumption on serum lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:146. [PMID: 38575930 PMCID: PMC10996117 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to traditional medicine, Melissa officinalis L., (lemon balm) has been known to remove harmful substances from the blood and is considered a cardiac tonic. Therefore, its use as a cardiovascular remedy may explain the lipid-lowering effects of lemon balm. Dyslipidemia can be considered as a significant preventable risk factor for atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The present study is the first meta-analysis to investigate the effects of M. officinalis administration on serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). METHODS From inception to October 2023, a thorough search through literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria of this study were randomized controlled trials, with or without blinding which provided adequate data for each group at the beginning and end of the follow-up period. Meta-analysis was performed on randomized controlled trials using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) V4 software. Risk of bias in the selected studies was examined according to the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Begg's funnel plot symmetry status, Begg's rank correlation, and Egger's weighted regression tests were employed to evaluate potential publication bias. RESULTS The meta-analysis comprised of 5 randomized controlled trials with a total of 302 patients. The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that the consumption of lemon balm had a significant decrease in TG (SMD (95% CI): -0.396(-0.620, -0.173), p-value = 0.001), TC (SMD (95% CI): -0.416 (-0.641, -0.192), p-value < 0.001) and LDL (SMD (95% CI): -0.23(-0.45, -0.008), p < 0.05) levels compared to the placebo group. While it had no statistically significant effect on HDL level (SMD (95% CI): 0.336(-0.091, 0.767), p-value = 0.123). No significant and detectable publication bias was found in the meta-analysis. Additionally, all included clinical studies demonstrated a low risk of bias for missing outcome data and selection of the reported results. The robustness of the results was demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis using the one-study remove method. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this meta-analysis provide evidence that lemon balm may be administered as a safe and beneficial herbal medicine for reducing TC, TG and LDL levels. According to the pooled results of 5 studies with a total of 302 patients, lemon balm intake had no significant effect on HDL level. This study reinforces the notion that lemon balm may have a substantial impact on serum lipid profile as a potential remedy in cases of dyslipidemia. The main concern of our research is the limited number of eligible studies and the relatively small population size of each individual study. The patients of these studies had different types of diseases and metabolic syndromes. However, the meta-analysis was sufficiently powered to detect the considerable effects of lemon balm in the combined population regardless of type of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Shahsavari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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She CY, Deng YX, Wu QY, Li J. Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on crocetin in hyperlipidemia and normal rats after oral administration. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03012-y. [PMID: 38386043 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Crocetin as one of the main components of saffron possesses a lot of pharmacological effects, especially the beneficial effects in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, the pharmacokinetics of crocetin in the pathological state of hyperlipidemia has not been reported. In present study, the pharmacokinetics of crocetin in hyperlipidemia rats after oral administration of crocetin was investigated and the possible mechanisms for the pharmacokinetics were explored. High-fat diet was used to induce hyperlipidemia in rats. The pharmacokinetics of crocetin was investigated in hyperlipidemia and normal rats after oral and intravenous administration of crocetin, and the possible mechanisms of the pharmacokinetic changes were investigated in terms of metabolism and absorption using in vitro incubation with liver microsomes and the everted gut sac method, respectively. Results indicated that the AUCs of crocetin in hyperlipidemia rats after oral administration of crocetin were remarkably decreased when compared with those in normal rats. Moreover, crocetin was also metabolized more rapidly in the liver microsomes of hyperlipidemia rats and intestinal absorption of crocetin was significantly reduced in hyperlipidemia rats. It suggested that the remarkably decreased AUCs of crocetin in hyperlipidemia rats might partly result from the result of faster metabolic elimination and reduced absorption of crocetin in the hyperlipidemia pathological state. And the present investigations conducted on rats demonstrate that further investigations into the kinetics of crocetin in humans with hyperlipidemia are necessary in order to ensure an adequate dosage in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ye She
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410081, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuan-Xiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Qin-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410081, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Hunan Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410081, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Chen WH, Chen CH, Hsu MC, Chang RW, Wang CH, Lee TS. Advances in the molecular mechanisms of statins in regulating endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability: Interlocking biology between eNOS activity and L-arginine metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116192. [PMID: 38262153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia. In addition, statins have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events owing to their pleiotropic effects on the vascular system, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, anti-coagulation, anti-oxidation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The major beneficial effect of statins in maintaining vascular homeostasis is the induction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The mechanisms underlying the increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins have been well-established in various fields, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, kinase-dependent phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions. However, the mechanism by which statins affect the metabolism of L-arginine, a precursor of NO biosynthesis, has rarely been discussed. Autophagy, which is crucial for energy homeostasis, regulates endothelial functions, including NO production and angiogenesis, and is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, in addition to summarizing the molecular mechanisms underlying increased NO bioavailability and eNOS activation by statins, we also discuss the effects of statins on the metabolism of L-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sulumer AN, Palabıyık E, Avcı B, Uguz H, Demir Y, Serhat Özaslan M, Aşkın H. Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 37749825 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Xue Y, Tong T, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhao L, Lv H, Xiong L, Zhang K, Han Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Huo R, Wang N, Ban T. miR-133a-3p/TRPM4 axis improves palmitic acid induced vascular endothelial injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1340247. [PMID: 38269270 PMCID: PMC10806017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1340247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial injury is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis and the resulting cardiovascular diseases. One particular factor involved in endothelial cell apoptosis and atherosclerosis is palmitic acid (PA), which is a long-chain saturated fatty acid. In addition, transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4), a non-selective cation channel, plays a significant role in endothelial dysfunction caused by various factors related to cardiovascular diseases. Despite this, the specific role and mechanisms of TRPM4 in atherosclerosis have not been fully understood. Methods: The protein and mRNA expressions of TRPM4, apoptosis - and inflammation-related factors were measured after PA treatment. The effect of TRPM4 knockout on the protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis and inflammation-related factors was detected. The changes of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were detected by Fluo-4 AM, JC-1, and DCFH-DA probes, respectively. To confirm the binding of miR-133a-3p to TRPM4, a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted. Finally, the effects of miR-133a-3p and TRPM4 on intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species were examined. Results: Following PA treatment, the expression of TRPM4 increases, leading to calcium overload in endothelial cells. This calcium influx causes the assemblage of Bcl-2, resulting in the opening of mitochondrial calcium channels and mitochondrial damage, ultimately triggering apoptosis. Throughout this process, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, ICAM-1, and VCAM1 significantly increase. Database screenings and luciferase assays have shown that miR-133a-3p preferentially binds to the 3'UTR region of TRPM4 mRNA, suppressing TRPM4 expression. During PA-induced endothelial injury, miR-133a-3p is significantly decreased, but overexpression of miR-133a-3p can attenuate the progression of endothelial injury. On the other hand, overexpression of TRPM4 counteracts the aforementioned changes. Conclusion: TRPM4 participates in vascular endothelial injury caused by PA. Therefore, targeting TRPM4 or miR-133a-3p may offer a novel pharmacological approach to preventing endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Tong
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongzhao Lv
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingzhao Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyang Fu
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology) at College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Drug Research and Development of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in Frigid Zone, The National Development and Reform Commission, Harbin, China
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8
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Elbouny H, Ouahzizi B, Bekkouch O, Bennani A, Amrani S, Ramchoun M, Sellam K, Alem C. Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine Aqueous Extract Exerts Lipid-lowering and Anti-atherosclerotic Effects in Hyperlipidemic Guinea Pigs. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:256-262. [PMID: 38038002 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x270863231123063744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine (T. atlanticus) is traditionally used in the Moroccan high Atlas Mountains to treat several disorders, including cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic activities of the traditionally used aqueous extract of T. atlanticus were evaluated on guinea pigs subjected to chronic hyperlipidemia. METHODS Animals were given a diet containing 2% cholesterol and 20% lard for 12 weeks. Moreover, thyme extract was given daily at 400 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment, lipid levels and paraoxonase arylesterase activity were measured, and aorta histology was studied. RESULTS Our findings revealed that there was an important elevation of blood lipids in the HFD group along with a significant decrease in paraoxonase arylesterase activity (-40.06%). Moreover, the consumption of fat altered the histology of aorta by thickening the intima media and forming atherosclerotic lesions and foam cells in these tissues. However, the administration of thyme extract attenuated HFD-caused alterations by decreasing blood lipids, elevating paraoxonase activity (+24.04%), and limiting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION We conclude that the supplementation with the aqueous extract of T. atlanticus could potentially protect against hyperlipidemia and consequently, the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Elbouny
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Brahim Ouahzizi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Oussama Bekkouch
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Amal Bennani
- Anatomopathology Department, University Mohamed VI Hospital, Mohamed First University Oujda, Oujda
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Sellam
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Chakib Alem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, Morocco
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9
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Chen X, Zhang P, Ma W, Pan H, Hong W, Chen G, Ding H, Tang W, Lin G, Zhang Z. Protective effects of methyl protodioscin against lipid disorders and liver injury in hyperlipidemic gerbils. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22785. [PMID: 38089978 PMCID: PMC10711193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (MPD) is the main component of total diosgenin, which was reported to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels potentially. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of MPD against lipid disorder in hyperlipidemic gerbils induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Hyperlipidemia was induced in gerbils by feeding them with HFD for six weeks, and a daily oral dose of MPD solution (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was administered. This study investigated blood lipid levels and hepatic lipid accumulation in hyperlipidemic gerbils. The potential mechanism of MPD was explored by detecting the expression level of genes, including SREBPs, ACC, FASN, HMGCR, PCSK9, and LDL-R. The results showed that MPD treatment decreased the body weight, the relative weight of the liver, blood lipid, and hepatic lipid levels of gerbils fed with HFD. The administration of MPD alleviates liver steatosis and injury in gerbils fed with an HFD. MPD treatment reduced the expression of HMGCR, increased the expression of LDL-R, and decreased the expression of PCSK9 for cholesterol reduction. Additionally, MPD treatment reduced the expression of hepatic ACC and FASN for triglycerides reduction. The underlying mechanisms for these effects are attributed to MPD-induced inhibition of protein expression of LXR, SREBP1, and SREBP2. This study demonstrates that MPD protects gerbils against lipid disorders and liver injury by suppressing hepatic SREBPs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Weilie Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haiqiang Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Weitao Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Gengji Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Hang Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Guorong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
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10
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Wang C, Liu X, Zhao R, Yang M, Liu W, Dai Q, Bao X, Chen Y, Ma J. The Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Chrysin in Plasdone ® S630 Demonstrates Improved Oral Bioavailability and Antihyperlipidemic Performance in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2378. [PMID: 37896138 PMCID: PMC10610386 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysin is a flavonoid with various biological activities. However, its low water solubility and strong metabolism render its oral bioavailability rather poor. This study aimed to develop a stable solid dispersion formulation of chrysin to improve the dissolution of chrysin, so as to increase its oral bioavailability and improve its antihyperlipidemic activities. A solid dispersion of chrysin was prepared using a solvent evaporation method, with Plasdone® S630 as the hydrophilic carrier. The formulations were characterized via X-ray diffraction, in vitro dissolution studies, and stability studies. An in-situ perfusion model was used to evaluate the absorption rates. Plasma pharmacokinetics and antihyperlipidemic performance after the oral administration of the chrysin formulations were investigated in rats. It was found that the solid dispersion of chrysin prepared using the drug-polymer mass ratio of 1:6 can form the optimized formulation. X-ray diffraction results showed that the chrysin was in an amorphous state in this optimized formulation. The cumulative release percentage of the optimized solid dispersion of chrysin at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 was elevated to above 90% within 24 h, indicating that the formulation could enhance the dissolution rates of chrysin. Stability studies showed that the optimized formulation presented acceptable long-term storage stability, but it was susceptible to high temperature and humidity. The solid dispersion of chrysin showed higher absorption rates in the in-situ perfusion model. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that Cmax and AUC after the intragastric administration of solid dispersion of chrysin were appreciably higher than those resulting from chrysin suspension. The oral bioavailability of the solid dispersion of chrysin was 41 times higher than that of chrysin suspension. Pharmacological studies suggested that the solid dispersion of chrysin was more powerful than chrysin raw material in improving biochemical indicators in the hyperlipidemic model in rats. This study reveals the potential use of a novel oral formulation of chrysin to reduce the currently required high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ruihan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Meiqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuyang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shenzhen Wanhe Pharmaceutical Company & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microecological Preparations, 7 Huitong Road, Shenzhen 518107, China
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11
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Ding D, Yang Y, Jiang G, Peng Y. Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the risk of death in aneurysm: a cohort study on patients of different ages, genders, and aneurysm locations. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1081395. [PMID: 37408590 PMCID: PMC10318894 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1081395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: The study aimed to assess the association of hyperlipidemia and the risk of death in the aneurysm population, focusing on age, gender, and aneurysm location differences. Methods: All patients' data on this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database, and the baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters of all patients were collected. The COX regression model was established to explore the association of hyperlipidemia and the risk of death for patients with aneurysms. More importantly, subgroup analyses based on the age, gender, and aneurysm location differences were performed. Results: A total of 1,645 eligible patients were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into the survival group (n = 1,098) and the death group (n = 547), with a total mortality rate of approximately 33.25%. The result displayed that hyperlipidemia was associated with a decreased death risk in aneurysm patients. In addition, we also found that hyperlipidemia was associated with a lower death risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic arch aneurysm among aneurysm patients aged ≥60 years; hyperlipidemia was only a protective factor for the death risk of male patients diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm. For female patients diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic arch aneurysm, hyperlipidemia was associated with a decreased death risk. Conclusion: The relationship of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and the risk of death for patients diagnosed with aneurysms was significantly associated with age, gender, and aneurysm location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhu Ding
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangwei Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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12
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Coelho M, Pacheco R. Anti-Hypercholesterolemia Effects of Edible Seaweed Extracts and Metabolomic Changes in Hep-G2 and Caco-2 Cell Lines. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37374108 DOI: 10.3390/life13061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the main cause of mortality worldwide, and it is characterized by high levels of circulating cholesterol. The drugs currently available for hypercholesterolemia control have several side effects, so it is necessary to develop new effective and safer therapies. Seaweeds serve as sources of several bioactive compounds with claimed beneficial effects. Eisenia bicyclis (Aramé) and Porphyra tenera (Nori) are edible seaweeds that were previously recognized as rich in bioactive compounds. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the anti-hypercholesterolemia effect of these two seaweed extracts and their health potential. Both extracts, but more efficiently Aramé extract, have liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibitory activity as well as the capability to reduce approximately 30% of cholesterol permeation through human Caco-2 cells by simulating the intestinal lining, which is a target for hypercholesterolemia treatments. An untargeted metabolomic assay on human intestinal Caco-2 and liver Hep-G2 cell lines exposed to Aramé and Nori extracts revealed changes in the cells' metabolism, indicating the extracts' health beneficial effects. The metabolic pathways affected by exposure to both extracts were associated with lipid metabolism, such as phospholipids, and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid pathways, cofactors, vitamins, and cellular respiration metabolism. The effects were more profound in Aramé-treated cells, but they were also observed in Nori-exposed cells. The metabolite modifications were associated with the protection against CVDs and other diseases and to the improvement of the cells' oxidative stress tolerance. The results obtained for the anti-hypercholesterolemia properties, in addition to the revelation of the positive impact on cell metabolism, offer an important contribution for further evaluation of these seaweed extracts as functional foods or for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Coelho
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Rua. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pacheco
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Rua. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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13
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Yang JH, Bai TC, Shi LL, Hou B, Tang R, Zhang RP, Chen XL. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Vaccinium dunalianum buds based on biological activity screening and LC-MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116190. [PMID: 36693548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The buds of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight are used as folk medicine in the Yi settlement of the Yunnan Province, China. It has long been used as herbal tea in the local area owing to its effects of lowering blood lipids and body weight. However, there are only a few studies on its antihyperlipidemic effects, effective substances and mechanisms, especially its effectiveness in diet-induced hyperlipidemia. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects, pharmacodynamic material bases, and mechanisms of V. dunalianum buds on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was established. Rats were gavaged with different doses of aqueous extract of V. dunalianum(VDW) for 8 weeks and their sera and organ samples were collected. The antihyperlipidemic effect of VDW on SD rats was evaluated based on the biochemical indices and histopathological outcomes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was used to determine the main components in VDW, which were separated and purified using sequential chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were determined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin, as the principal component of VDW, was also evaluated for its antihyperlipidemic activity using an approach similar to that used for VDW. Lastly, the potential targets of VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin in lowering blood lipids were screened out using network pharmacology, and the selected targets were docked with arbutin derivatives. The expression of target proteins was determined using western blotting to illustrate the antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin. RESULTS VDW reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels in the serum of modeled rats, and increased high-density lipoprotein levels. There was an improvement in steatoses, and lipid droplet accumulation decreased in vivo after VDW intervention. LC-MS revealed that VDW mainly contained arbutin and chlorogenic acid derivatives. Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified. 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin was the main compound of VDW (>21.67%) that showed obvious antihyperlipidemic effect with low hepatic damage at different doses. PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB were screened out using network pharmacology and they showed strong correlations with arbutin derivative through molecular docking. Results from WB showed that VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin could reduce blood lipid levels by reducing the protein expression of PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB. CONCLUSIONS 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin was the main component of V. dunalianum buds. VDW and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin could regulate blood lipid levels in the high-fat diet-induced rat model of hyperlipidemia without damaging their vital organs. Furthermore, they could regulate the expression of PTGS2, ADH1C, and MAOB proteins and play a role in lowering blood lipids. The findings of this study lay a foundation for the further development of V. dunalianum and 6'-O-caffeoyl-arbutin as health supplements or drugs for the management of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Han Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Tong-Chen Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Lu-Li Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ran Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Puer, 665099, PR China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Xing-Long Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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14
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Wen ZJ, Wei YJ, Zhang YF, Zhang YF. A review of cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanisms of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1195-1245. [PMID: 36947184 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses the leading threats to human health and life, and their occurrence and severity are associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of widely used industrial chemicals, are characterized by persistence, long-distance migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Some PFAS, particularly perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), have been banned, leaving only legacy exposure to the environment and human body, while a number of novel PFAS alternatives have emerged and raised concerns, such as polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic and carboxylic acid (PFESA and PFECA) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS). Overall, this review systematically elucidated the adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects of legacy and emerging PFAS, emphasized the dose/concentration-dependent, time-dependent, carbon chain length-dependent, sex-specific, and coexposure effects, and discussed the underlying mechanisms and possible prevention and treatment. Extensive epidemiological and laboratory evidence suggests that accumulated serum levels of legacy PFAS possibly contribute to an increased risk of CVD and its subclinical course, such as cardiac toxicity, vascular disorder, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The underlying biological mechanisms may include oxidative stress, signaling pathway disturbance, lipid metabolism disturbance, and so on. Various emerging alternatives to PFAS also play increasingly prominent toxic roles in CV outcomes that are milder, similar to, or more severe than legacy PFAS. Future research is recommended to conduct more in-depth CV toxicity assessments of legacy and emerging PFAS and explore more effective surveillance, prevention, and treatment strategies, accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Jin Wen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Jing Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang X. Physical Exercise and Diet: Regulation of Gut Microbiota to Prevent and Treat Metabolic Disorders to Maintain Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061539. [PMID: 36986268 PMCID: PMC10054346 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Each person's body is host to a large number and variety of gut microbiota, which has been described as the second genome and plays an important role in the body's metabolic process and is closely related to health. It is common knowledge that proper physical activity and the right diet structure can keep us healthy, and in recent years, researchers have found that this boost to health may be related to the gut microbiota. Past studies have reported that physical activity and diet can modulate the compositional structure of the gut microbiota and further influence the production of key metabolites of the gut microbiota, which can be an effective way to improve body metabolism and prevent and treat related metabolic diseases. In this review, we outline the role of physical activity and diet in regulating gut microbiota and the key role that gut microbiota plays in improving metabolic disorders. In addition, we highlight the regulation of gut microbiota through appropriate physical exercise and diet to improve body metabolism and prevent metabolic diseases, aiming to promote public health and provide a new approach to treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinzhou Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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16
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Gao Y, Xun R, Xia J, Xia H, Sun G. Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:2969-2997. [PMID: 36891733 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) have been reported to improve blood lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia for many years. However, meta-analyses of the effects of phytosterols on lipid profiles are limited and incomplete. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 2022 was conducted according to the 2020 preferred reporting items of the guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. These included studies of people with hypercholesterolemia, comparing foods or preparations containing PSs with controls. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate continuous outcomes for individual studies. The results showed that in patients with hypercholesterolemia, taking a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (TC: Weight Mean Difference (WMD) [95% CI] = -0.37 [-0.41, -0.34], p < 0.001; LDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = -0.34 [-0.37, -0.30], p < 0.001). In contrast, PSs had no effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TGs) (HDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.01, 0.02], p = 0.742; TG: WMD [95% CI] = -0.01 [-0.04, 0.01], p = 0.233). Also, a significant effect of supplemental dose on LDL-C levels was observed in a nonlinear dose-response analysis (p-nonlinearity = 0.024). Our findings suggest that dietary phytosterols can help reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations in hypercholesterolemia patients without affecting HDL-C and TG concentrations. And the effect may be affected by the food substrate, dose, esterification, intervention cycle and region. The dose of phytosterol is an important factor affecting the level of LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruilong Xun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiayue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. .,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Beijing 100052, China
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17
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Recent Advances on Main Active Ingredients, Pharmacological Activities of Rosa roxbughii and Its Development and Utilization. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051051. [PMID: 36900567 PMCID: PMC10001392 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii tratt (R. roxburghii) is an important plant resource that is widely distributed in the southwest of China and favored by consumers due to its high nutritional value and healthy functions. Meanwhile, it is a traditional edible and medicinal plant in China. With the deepening research of R. roxburghii, more and more bioactive components and its health care and medicinal value have been discovered and developed in recent years. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances on main active ingredients such as vitamin, protein, amino acid, superoxide dismutase, polysaccharide, polyphenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid and mineral, and pharmacological activities including antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory activity, anti-tumor activity, glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, anti-radiation effect, detoxification effect, and viscera protection of R. roxbughii, as well as its development and utilization. The research status and existing problems of R. roxburghii development and quality control are also briefly introduced. This review ends with some suggestions on the perspectives and directions for future research and potential applications of R. roxbughii.
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18
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Ye H, Xu Y, Sun Y, Liu B, Chen B, Liu G, Cao Y, Miao J. Purification, identification and hypolipidemic activities of three novel hypolipidemic peptides from tea protein. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112450. [PMID: 36869471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hypolipidemic peptides were obtained from tea protein by enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, the hypolipidemic peptides were identified by mass spectrometry and screened through molecular docking technology, and the hypolipidemic activities and mechanisms of the active peptides were explored. The results showed that the hydrolysate of hypolipidemic peptides obtained by pepsin hydrolysis for 3 h had good bile salt binding ability. After purification, identification and molecular docking screening, three novel hypolipidemic peptides FLF, IYF and QIF were obtained. FLF, IYF and QIF can interact with the receptor proteins 1LPB and 1F6W through hydrogen bonds, π-π bonds, hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces, thus exerting hypolipidemic activities. Activity studies showed that, compared with the positive controls, FLF, IYF and QIF had excellent sodium taurocholate binding abilities, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities. Moreover, FLF, IYF and QIF can effectively inhibit lipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, reduce intracellular lipid and low-density lipoprotein content and increase high-density lipoprotein content. These results indicated that the three novel hypolipidemic peptides screened in this study had excellent hypolipidemic activities and were expected to be used as natural-derived hypolipidemic active ingredients for the development and application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoduo Ye
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunnan Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Benying Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Menghai 666201, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guo Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
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19
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Lu J, Shang X, Yao B, Sun D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Shi J, Chen H, Shi T, Liu M, Wang X. The role of CYP1A1/2 in cholesterol ester accumulation provides a new perspective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:648-661. [PMID: 36873188 PMCID: PMC9978856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important precursor of many endogenous molecules. Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis can cause many pathological changes, leading to liver and cardiovascular diseases. CYP1A is widely involved in cholesterol metabolic network, but its exact function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aim to explore how CYP1A regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Our data showed that CYP1A1/2 knockout (KO) rats presented cholesterol deposition in blood and liver. The serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly increased in KO rats. Further studies found that the lipogenesis pathway (LXRα-SREBP1-SCD1) of KO rats was activated, and the key protein of cholesterol ester hydrolysis (CES1) was inhibited. Importantly, lansoprazole can significantly alleviate rat hepatic lipid deposition in hypercholesterolemia models by inducing CYP1A. Our findings reveal the role of CYP1A as a potential regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and provide a new perspective for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongyi Sun
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - He Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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20
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Ji C, Zhang Z, Xu X, Song D, Zhang D. Hyperlipidemia impacts osteogenesis via lipophagy. Bone 2023; 167:116643. [PMID: 36513279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the impact of hyperlipidemia on bone tissue homeostasis is unclear, and the role of lipophagy is yet to be investigated. This study investigated changes in lipophagy and osteogenesis levels under hyperlipemic conditions and explored the effects of lipophagy on bone regeneration. In vivo, femurs of mice with diet-induced moderate hyperlipidemia were ground out with a ball drill to create defects. In vitro, mouse osteoblast cell lines were grown in two different concentrations of the high-fat medium. We found that at hyperphysiological of lipid conditions, activation of lipophagy restored osteoblast function in a way, and similar results were observed in mice with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Still, at suprahyperphysiological concentrations of lipid culture, the activation of lipophagy further inhibited osteogenesis, and inhibition of autophagy instead promoted osteogenesis to a small extent. These results demonstrate that lipophagy functions differently in diverse high-fat environments, suggesting that cellular and organismal changes in response to high-fat stimuli are dynamic. This may provide new ideas for improving bone dysfunction caused by lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghao Ji
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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21
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Attenuation of Hyperlipidemia by Medicinal Formulations of Emblica officinalis Synergized with Nanotechnological Approaches. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010064. [PMID: 36671636 PMCID: PMC9854976 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ayurvedic herb Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is a gift to mankind to acquire a healthy lifestyle. It has great therapeutic and nutritional importance. Emblica officinalis, also known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family. Amla is beneficial for treating illnesses in all its forms. The most crucial component is a fruit, which is also the most common. It is used frequently in Indian medicine as a restorative, diuretic, liver tonic, refrigerant, stomachic, laxative, antipyretic, hair tonic, ulcer preventive, and for the common cold and fever. Hyperlipidemia is also known as high cholesterol or an increase in one or more lipid-containing blood proteins. Various phytocompounds, including polyphenols, vitamins, amino acids, fixed oils, and flavonoids, are present in the various parts of E. officinalis. E. officinalis has been linked to a variety of pharmacological effects in earlier studies, including hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, radioprotective, and hyperlipidemic effects. The amla-derived active ingredients and food products nevertheless encounter challenges such as instability and interactions with other food matrices. Considering the issue from this perspective, food component nanoencapsulation is a young and cutting-edge field for controlled and targeted delivery with a range of preventative activities. The nanoformulation of E. officinalis facilitates the release of active components or food ingredients, increased bioaccessibility, enhanced therapeutic activities, and digestion in the human body. Accordingly, the current review provides a summary of the phytoconstituents of E. officinalis, pharmacological actions detailing the plant E. officinalis's traditional uses, and especially hyperlipidemic activity. Correspondingly, the article describes the uses of nanotechnology in amla therapeutics and functional ingredients.
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22
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Standardization issues in botanicals: A metabolomic and in silico approach to Monascus purpureus food supplements. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Li Z, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhao M. Recombinant Humanized IgG1 Antibody Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport through FcRn-ERK1/2-PPARα Pathway in Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314607. [PMID: 36498935 PMCID: PMC9736681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia-associated lipid disorders are considered the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a mechanism by which excess peripheral cholesterol is transported to the liver and further converted into bile acid for excretion from the body in feces, which contributes to reducing hyperlipidemia as well as cardiovascular disease. We previously found that the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody promotes macrophages to engulf lipids and increases cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) through ATP-binding cassette sub-family A1 (ABCA1), one of the key proteins related to RCT. In the present study, we explored other RCT related proteins expression on hepatocytes, including scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), and its modulation mechanism involved. We confirmed that the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody selectively activated ERK1/2 to upregulate SR-BI, ApoA-I, and ApoA-II expression in mice liver and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 cells. The rate-limiting enzymes of bile acid synthesis, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1), exhibited a significant increase when treated with the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody, as well as increased excretion of bile acids in feces. Besides, abolishment or mutation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/RXR binding site on SR-BI promoter eliminated SR-BI reporter gene luciferase activity even in the presence of the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody. Knock down the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) on hepatocytes impaired the effect of recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody on activation of ERK1/2, as well as upregulation of SR-BI, ApoA-I, and ApoA-II expression. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms on the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody attenuates hyperlipidemia in ApoE-/- mice model fed with high-fat-diet might be through reinforcement of liver RCT function in an FcRn-ERK1/2-PPARα dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Li
- Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianyan Liu
- Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Hu Y, Chen X, Hu M, Zhang D, Yuan S, Li P, Feng L. Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects. Chin Med 2022; 17:113. [PMID: 36175900 PMCID: PMC9522446 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which lead to the high mortality, disability, and medical expenses in the worldwide. Based on the previous researches, the improvement of dyslipidemia could efficiently prevent the occurrence and progress of cardiovascular diseases. Medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and could be employed for the disease treatment and health care mostly due to their homology of medicine and food. Compared to the lipid-lowering drugs with many adverse effects, such as rhabdomyolysis and impaired liver function, MEPs exhibit the great potential in the treatment of dyslipidemia with high efficiency, good tolerance and commercial value. In this review, we would like to introduce 20 kinds of MEPs with lipid-lowering effect in the following aspects, including the source, function, active component, target and underlying mechanism, which may provide inspiration for the development of new prescription, functional food and complementary therapy for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China. .,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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25
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Modulation of Intestinal Flora by Dietary Polysaccharides: A Novel Approach for the Treatment and Prevention of Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192961. [PMID: 36230037 PMCID: PMC9562892 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal flora is numerous and diverse, and play a key role in maintaining human health. Dietary polysaccharides are widely present in the daily diet and have a moderating effect on the intestinal flora. Past studies have confirmed that intestinal flora is involved in the metabolic process in the human body, and the change in intestinal flora structure is closely related to the metabolic disorders in the human body. Therefore, regulating intestinal flora through dietary polysaccharides is an effective way to treat and prevent common metabolic diseases and has great research value. However, this area has not received enough attention. In this review, we provide an overview of the modulatory effects of dietary polysaccharides on intestinal flora and the key role of intestinal flora in improving metabolic disorders in humans. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic and preventive effects of intestinal flora modulation through dietary polysaccharides on metabolic disorders, aiming to find new ways to treat metabolic disorders and facilitate future exploration in this field.
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26
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Xiao Y, Huang Y, Long F, Yang D, Huang Y, Han Y, Wu Y, Zhong K, Bu Q, Gao H, Huang Y. Insight into structural characteristics of theabrownin from Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea and its hypolipidemic activity based on the in vivo zebrafish and in vitro lipid digestion and absorption models. Food Chem 2022; 404:134382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Tablet Formulation of Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine Named Nawametho in Comparison with Its Decoction in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2530266. [PMID: 35966727 PMCID: PMC9365582 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2530266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the traditional medical system in Thailand, medicinal plants and polyherbal medicines have been prescribed as lipid-lowering agents, including Nawametho decoction. This polyherbal formulation is described in the Worayokasan scripture. It consists of nine medicinal plants (Aegle marmelos (L.), Carthamus tinctorius L., Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Apart from its utilization in Thai traditional medicine, there is a lack of evidence supporting its use. This research work thereby aims to formulate and evaluate the tablet containing Nawametho decoction. The feasibility of Nawametho decoction and NawaTab for patients with borderline hyperlipidemia was additionally examined using a prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group design. The dry granulation technique was employed to formulate the polyherbal tablets. The tablets were developed using the spray-dried Nawametho decoction as the active ingredient in addition to other excipients. The chosen formulation, the FB (NawaTab), consisted of 385 milligrams of the extract, 12% w/w of a diluent (lactose), 8% w/w of a lubricant (magnesium stearate), 5% w/w of a disintegrant (microcrystalline cellulose), and 5% w/w of an anti-adherent (talcum). Their hardness, friability, and disintegration time were 4.4 ± 0.32 kg, 0.05 ± 0.02%, and 4.60 ± 0.05 min, respectively. Accelerated stability study results revealed that NawaTab was stable for six months at 40°C/75% RH and 25°C/60% RH. Even though taking NawaTabs (500 mg twice daily) for eight consecutive weeks was unable to improve the lipid profile of the patients, the administration of Nawametho decoction (30 mL twice daily) was associated with a significant decrease in serum triglycerides of the patients. The results show that the dry granulation technique is suitable for the formulation of NawaTab based on the tablet evaluation. Furthermore, the triglyceride-lowering effect of Nawametho decoction was reported for the first time.
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28
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Zhang X, Guo J, Li J, Chen C, Su G. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic interaction of bergamottin with atorvastatin in rats. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:463-467. [PMID: 35699169 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of concomitant administration of atorvastatin with bergamottin were investigated perspectives to reveal the potential herb-drug interaction between these two drugs.2. The hyperlipidaemia-induced Wistar rats received atorvastatin with or without bergamottin (2.5 mg/kg). The concentration of atorvastatin in the rats' serum was determined using an established HPLC/MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS software. Lipid levels were determined.3. Bergamottin increases the Cmax (from 48 ± 5 ng/mL to 89 ± 7 ng/mL), AUC0-∞ (from 176 ± 27 to 552 ± 131 h∗μg/L), and the elimination half-life of atorvastatin (t1/2) of atorvastatin. Co-administration of atorvastatin with bergamottin decreased total cholesterol (by 14%), low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (by 20%), and triglyceride (by 12%), but increased thigh-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, when compared with atorvastatin alone.4. Co-administration of bergamottin and atorvastatin alters both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atorvastatin. This study provides pre-clinical information evidence that bergamottin could potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of atorvastatin or increase its accumulation and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jinyao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Guijun Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau General Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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29
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Zhou Y, Cao F, Luo F, Lin Q. Octacosanol and health benefits: Biological functions and mechanisms of action. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Fili CV, Lin L, Chapman J, Hamilton D, Yates CR. Methylsulfonylmethane and Sesame Seed Oil Improve Dyslipidemia and Modulate Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Two Mouse Models of Diabetes. J Med Food 2022; 25:607-617. [PMID: 35708633 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify alterations in lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism in both the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) mouse and the mutant db/db type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse to establish a biological signature for the evaluation of natural products with purported lipid-altering activity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to nondiabetic group or STZ-induced diabetic groups (n = 10/group). STZ-induced diabetic mice and 6-week-old male db/db mice (n = 10/group) were randomized to the following groups: (1) diabetic control, no treatment, (2) methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) treatment, (3) sesame seed oil (SSO) treatment, and (4) MSM+SSO combination treatment. Clinical parameters measured included weights, blood glucose, serum lipid panels, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection of free fatty acids in serum, liver, brain, and eyes. Blood glucose significantly decreased after 4 weeks of MSM treatment in T1D mice. Serum PUFA levels were significantly reduced in T2D mice compared with control mice. In contrast, treatment with SSO reversed this effect in T2D mice, exhibiting serum PUFA levels comparable to control mice. Serum triglycerides were significantly increased in both diabetic models compared to nondiabetic control, mimicking diabetes in people. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased in T1D receiving MSM+SSO and all T2D treatment groups. A corresponding significant decrease in non-HDL cholesterol was seen in T2D mice in all treatment groups. MSM+SSO treatment's effects on HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and PUFA metabolism could lead to improved clinical outcomes in diabetics by improving the lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron V Fili
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.College of Pharmacy; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jonathan Chapman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Hamilton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.College of Pharmacy; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles R Yates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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31
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The Mechanism of Dendrobium officinale as a Treatment for Hyperlipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5821829. [PMID: 35502176 PMCID: PMC9056230 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5821829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim and Objective. Hyperlipidemia is a public health matter of global scale, contributing to a wide range of diseases that can result in severe complications and significant annual mortality. Dendrobium officinale (DO) is an edible plant with a long medicinal history in China. Our previous studies revealed that DO may have therapeutic benefits in lipid disorders. However, the mechanism of its active compounds is still unclear. This research aimed at uncovering the hidden anti-hyperlipidemia mechanisms of DO through network pharmacology and experimental validation. Materials and Methods. The active compounds in DO, their targets, and targets associated with hyperlipidemia were screened across various databases, and the hidden targets of DO in treating hyperlipidemia were forecast. The compound-target (C-T), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and compound-target-pathway (C-T-P) networks of DO were set up with Cytoscape software. The hub genes and core clusters of DO predicted to be active against hyperlipidemia were calculated by Cytoscape. The DAVID database was adopted for Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Next, we used the high-sucrose-fat diet and alcohol (HFDA)-induced hyperlipidemia rats to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of DO. Results. In this study, we obtained 264 compounds from DO, revealed 11 bioactive compounds, and predicted 89 potential targets of DO. The network analysis uncovered that naringenin, isorhamnetin, and taxifolin might be the compounds in DO that are mainly in charge of its roles in hyperlipidemia and might play a role by modulating the targets (including PPARG, ADIPOQ, AKT1, TNF, and APOB). The pathway analysis showed that DO might affect diverse signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia, including PPAR signaling pathway, insulin resistance, AMPK signaling pathway, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease simultaneously. Meanwhile, in the HFDA-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, DO could significantly decrease the level of TC, TG, LDL-c, and ALT in serum, and increase HDL-c as well. The liver pathological section indicated that DO could ease liver damage and lipid cumulation. Conclusion. In summary, the biological targets of the main bioactive compounds in DO were found to distribute across multiple metabolic pathways. These findings suggest that a mutual regulatory system consisting of multiple components, targets, and pathways is a likely mechanism through which DO may improve hyperlipidemia. Validation experiments indicated that DO may treat hyperlipidemia by affecting NAFLD-related signaling pathways.
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32
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Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus Alleviating Acquired Hyperlipidemia Induced by High-Fat Diet through Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050954. [PMID: 35267929 PMCID: PMC8912611 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a food and medicinal homologous plant. The current research is aimed to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanisms of AM in treating acquired hyperlipidemia. The network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis results showed 481 AM-related targets and 474 acquired hyperlipidemia-associated targets, and 101 candidate targets were obtained through the intersection, mainly enriched in endocrine resistance, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications and p53 signaling pathways. Quercetin, kaempferol, calycosin, formononetin and isorhamnetin were determined as the candidate active components of AM in the treatment of acquired hyperlipidemia. Moreover, key targets of AM, namely, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), were screened out, which were closely related to adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism. The subsequent animal experiments showed that AM extract treatment improved the lipid profiles of the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by reducing lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis and lipid β-oxidation, which were associated with the downregulating of AKT1 and CCND1, and the upregulating of VEGFA and ESR1 in liver and adipose tissue. Overall, AM alleviated acquired hyperlipidemia through regulating lipid metabolism, and AKT1, VEGFA, CCND1 and ESR1 might be the key targets.
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Zhai Z, Niu KM, Liu H, Lin C, Tu Y, Liu Y, Cai L, Ouyang K, Liu J. Policosanol alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating bile acids metabolism in C57BL6/mice through AMPK-FXR-TGR5 cross-talk. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5466-5478. [PMID: 34730235 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Policosanol exhibits a lipid accumulation alleviating effect, but the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. Bile acids are a significant factor in regulating cholesterol and lipid metabolism homeostasis in mammals. This study was aimed to elucidate the alleviating effect and underlying mechanisms of policosanol on hepatic lipid accumulation through bile acid (BA) metabolism. Policosanol supplementation significantly reduced hepatic triglycerides (19.29%), cholesterol (30.38%) in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the control group, HFD decreased the levels of total BAs (TBAs, 37.67%) and cholic acid (CA, 62.74%) in the serum of mice (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to HFD group, policosanol also increased the level of secondary BAs (SBAs) and muricholic acids (MCAs, P < 0.05). qRT-PCR combined with protein level analysis revealed that policosanol significantly decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1c) and CD36, and increased the expression level of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and cytochrome P450 Family 27 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP27A1, P < 0.05). Additionally, in the liver, policosanol was found downregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-small heterodimer partner (SHP), and activate the Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5)-adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (APMK) signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1α also significantly increased in HP group (P < 0.05). The aforementioned results reveal that the potential mechanism of policosanol in alleviating liver lipid accumulation is to promote BA synthesis and lipolysis through regulating the cross-talk of the AMPK-FXR-TGR5. New insight for the application of policosanol as an anti-fatty liver functional food ingredient or supplement is also provided. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Policosanol is an important active component of cereals and insect waxes (15-80%). However, almost no policosanol in refined foods such as clear corn germ oil and wheat flour. This study showed that oral administration of policosanol can significantly reduce triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver through affecting AMPK-TGR5-FXR cross-talk, whereas no significant toxicological effect is reported in human and mouse models. This study may provide theoretical support for the theory of dietary structure and the development of dietary supplements to improve lipid metabolism targeting the "bile acid-AMPK-TGR5" pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Zhai
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Kai-Min Niu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Era Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Chong Lin
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Lichuang Cai
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Kexian Ouyang
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Overview of Multiple Applications of Basil Species and Cultivars and the Effects of Production Environmental Parameters on Yields and Secondary Metabolites in Hydroponic Systems. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), including other species and cultivars, is an excellent source of nutritional compounds, the accumulation of which can be stimulated by exogenous factors (environmental and nutritional conditions). Although best practices are relatively established for mature basil plants, microgreens production requires further research to optimize quality and quantity. The study objectives are (i) to provide an overview of the many uses of basil, (ii) collate and present common hydroponic systems available in the market, (iii) review effects of key production environment parameters on basil yields in hydroponic systems, and (iv) summarize the effects of the growth environments on yield quantity and quality of basil microgreens. The paper analyzes in detail key production parameters of basil microgreens in hydroponic systems, such as temperature, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrient solutions, and the influence of light (quantity, quality, and photoperiods). The collated literature review has shown that basil, grown hydroponically, can tolerate high variations of environmental parameters: pH 5.1–8.5, temperature 15–24 °C, relative humidity 60–70%, electrical conductivity up to 1.2 mS cm−1, depending on the developmental stage, dissolved oxygen at 4 mg L−1 (optimally 6.5 mg L−1), and light intensity between 200 and 400 μmol m−2 s−1. The study has synthesized an overview of different production parameters to provide guidance on the optimization of environmental conditions to ensure the quantity and quality production of basil microgreens. Improving the quality of basil microgreens can ideally spur continued gastronomic interest in microgreens in general, which will encourage more entrepreneurs to grow basil and other microgreens. Hence, the study findings are a great resource to learn about the effects of different environments on basil microgreen production. This information can inform research for successful production of different species and cultivars of basil microgreens, and establishing testing protocols to improve the quantity and quality of the harvest.
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Yang C, Xia H, Wan M, Lu Y, Xu D, Yang X, Yang L, Sun G. Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:91. [PMID: 34635132 PMCID: PMC8504108 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed is widely used as a functional food for its rich sources of linolenic acid, lignans and dietary fibers in the world. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is first to evaluate effects of different flaxseed products (whole flaxseed, oil and lignans) on lipid profiles, inflammatory and anthropometric parameters in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases. METHODS Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Web of Science from the inception dates to January, 2020. Weighted mean differences with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using fix or random-effects models. RESULTS Thirty-one RCTs involving 1,698 participants were included. The present meta-analysis revealed that flaxseed consumption had an overall beneficial effect on serum TC, LDL-C, TG, apo B and IL-6 in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases, but not on apo A, HDL-C, hs-CRP, CRP and anthropometric indices. However, different flaxseed products showed obviously different effects. Whole flaxseed supplementation significantly reduced TC (- 11.85 mg/dl, 95% CI - 20.12 to - 3.57, P = 0.005), LDL-C (- 10.51 mg/dl, 95% CI - 14.96 to - 6.06, P < 0.001), TG (- 19.77 mg/dl, 95% CI - 33.61 to - 5.94, P = 0.005), apolipoprotein B (- 5.73 mg/dl, 95% CI - 7.53 to - 3.93, P < 0.001), TC/HDL-C (- 0.10, 95% CI - 0.19 to - 0.003, P = 0.044) and weight (- 0.40 kg, 95% CI - 0.76 to - 0.05, P = 0.027); Lignans supplementation significantly reduced TC (- 17.86 mg/dl, P = 0.004), LDL-C (- 15.47 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and TC/HDL-C (- 0.45, P = 0.04). Although flaxseed oil supplementation had no such lowering-effect on lipid, meta-analysis revealed its lowering-effect on IL-6 (- 0.35 pg/ml, P = 0.033) and hs-CRP (- 1.54 mg/l, P = 0.004). Subgroup analysis revealed that whole flaxseed decreased TC, LDL-C and TG levels irrespective of country and the intervention time prescribed, but was more pronounced when the dose of whole flaxseed was ≤ 30 g/day (TC: WMD - 13.61 mg/mL; LDL-C: WMD - 10.52 mg/mL; TG: WMD - 23.52 mg/mL), rather not a dose > 30 g/day. Moreover, a linear relationship between dose of whole flaxseed and absolute changes in C-reactive protein (P = 0.036) and a nonlinear relationship between with IL-6 (P < 0.001) were detected. CONCLUSIONS Flaxseed intervention suggested the positive effects on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases. Of these, whole flaxseed and lignans play an important role in reducing blood lipid, while flaxseed oil mainly plays in anti-inflammatory. Lipid- and weight-lowering was significant when whole flaxseed was consumed at doses < 30 mg/d, for lipid status with mixed dyslipidemia and patients with BMI > 25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Bu J, Zhang M, Wu Y, Jiang N, Guo Y, He X, He H, Jeyalatha MV, Reinach PS, Liu Z, Li W. High-Fat Diet Induces Inflammation of Meibomian Gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:13. [PMID: 34398199 PMCID: PMC8374999 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if a high-fat diet (HFD) induces meibomian gland (MG) inflammation in mice. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet (SD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist rosiglitazone for various durations. Body weight, blood lipid levels, and eyelid changes were monitored at regular intervals. MG sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining, LipidTox staining, TUNEL assay, and immunostaining. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect relative gene expression and signaling pathway activation in MGs. Results MG acinus accumulated more lipids in the mice fed the HFD. Periglandular CD45-positive and F4/80-positive cell infiltration were more evident in the HFD mice, and they were accompanied by upregulation of inflammation-related cytokines. PPAR-γ downregulation accompanied activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in the HFD mice. There was increased acini cell apoptosis and mitochondria damage in mice fed the HFD. MG inflammation was ameliorated following a shift to the standard diet and rosiglitazone treatment in the mice fed the HFD. Conclusions HFD-induced declines in PPAR-γ expression and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation resulted in MG inflammation and dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuli Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - M Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Chakravarti RK, Kaur S, Samal SK, Kashyap MC, Sangamwar AT. Combination of Phospholipid Complex and Matrix Dispersion. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:189. [PMID: 34159457 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid complexation, despite being a successful, versatile, and burgeoning strategy, stickiness of phospholipids leads to suboptimal dissolution rate of drugs. This work was undertaken to fabricate simvastatin-phospholipid complex (SIM-PLC)-loaded matrix dispersion (SIM-PLC-MD) using Soluplus® as carrier material, to augment dispersibility and dissolution of SIM-PLC without altering complexation between simvastatin (SIM) and phospholipid. SIM-PLC and SIM-PLC-MD were prepared using solvent evaporation and discontinuous solvent evaporation techniques, respectively. The successful complexation was substantiated by FTIR method. Besides, PXRD and SEM studies disclosed the absence of crystallinity of SIM in both SIM-PLC and SIM-PLC-MD. The TEM analysis monitored the self-assembly of SIM-PLC and SIM-PLC-MD into colloidal structures, which could be correlated with redispersion in GIT fluids upon oral administration. The considerable increase in hydrophilicity of SIM-PLC-MD and SIM-PLC as evident from partition coefficient experiment can further be correlated with their remarkably improved solubility profiles in the following pattern: SIM-PLC-MD˃SIM-PLC˃SIM. Correspondingly, improved dispersibility of SIM-PLC-MD in comparison to SIM-PLC can be accountable for accelerated dissolution rate by 2.53-fold and 1.5-fold in pH 1.2 and 6.8 conditions, respectively. The oral pharmacokinetic evaluation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats revealed 3.19-fold enhancement in oral bioavailability of SIM through SIM-PLC-MD when compared with plain SIM, whereas 1.83-fold increment was observed in the case of SIM-PLC. Finally, the efficacy experimentation in SD rats revealed that SIM-PLC-MD significantly reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels in comparison to SIM and SIM-PLC. These outcomes suggest that a matrix dispersion strategy improves oral bioavailability and hypolipidemic activity of SIM.
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Synergetic Action of Forskolin and Mevastatin Induce Normalization of Lipids Profile in Dyslipidemic Rats through Adenosine Monophosphate Kinase Upregulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6687551. [PMID: 34104650 PMCID: PMC8159628 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the synergetic effect of forskolin and mevastatin administration on lipid profile and lipid metabolism in omental adipose tissue in dyslipidemic rats. The study was conducted on forty male albino rats. The rats were randomly classified into four main groups of ten animals in each group as follows: group A, served as control nontreated; group B, rats that received Triton WR 1339 (500 mg/kg); group C, rats that received Triton WR 1339 with forskolin (100% FSK extract 0.5 mg/kg/day) for four weeks; and group D, dyslipidemic rats received both mevastatin and forskolin. At the end of the experimental period, blood and omental adipose tissue samples were collected, preserved, and used for biochemical determination of lipid profile and mRNA expression profile of adenylate cyclase (AC), hormone-sensitive lipase, respectively (HSL), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The results showed a significant decline in the serum concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, although there was a significant increase in serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and glycerol in rats received forskolin alone or with mevastatin when compared with control and dyslipidemic groups. The mRNA expression levels of AC, HSL, and AMPK were significantly increased in omental adipose tissue of rats received forskolin when compared with other groups. In conclusion, forskolin acts synergistically with mevastatin to lower lipid profile and improve lipid metabolism in dyslipidemic rats through upregulation of AMPK expression.
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Lianqun J, Xing J, Yixin M, Si C, Xiaoming L, Nan S, Guoyuan S, Yuan C, Ning Y, Yao W, Na Z, Kaixuan Z, Guanlin Y. Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9732-9747. [PMID: 33744860 PMCID: PMC8064217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemic in model mice. Using stool, plasma and hepatic tissue samples, we observed that the genera Blautia and Allobaculum were increased and Turicibacter was decrease in Rb1-treated mice as compared to untreated model mice. Ether lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Lipidomics revealed 169 metabolites differentially expressed between the model and Rb1 groups in a positive ion model and 58 in a negative ion model. These metabolites mainly participate in glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. The main metabolites enriched in these three pathways were phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and ceramide, respectively. In a transcriptome analysis, 766 transcripts were differentially expressed between the Rb1 and model groups. KEGG analysis revealed lysine degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to be the main enriched pathways. Multiomics analysis revealed glycerophospholipid metabolism to be a common pathway and phosphatidylcholine the main metabolite differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Results from fecal transplanted germ-free mice suggest that to suppress hyperlipidemia, Rb1 regulates gut microbiota by regulating the synthesis and decomposition of phosphatidylcholine in glycerophospholipid metabolism, which in turn decreases serum total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lianqun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Yixin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Xiaoming
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Guoyuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Na
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Kaixuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guanlin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Wang Q, Du L, Hong J, Chen Z, Liu H, Li S, Xiao X, Yan S. Molecular mechanism underlying the hypolipidemic effect of Shanmei Capsule based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:239-256. [PMID: 33682762 PMCID: PMC8150495 DOI: 10.3233/thc-218023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Shanmei Capsule is a famous preparation in China. However, the related mechanism of Shanmei Capsule against hyperlipidemia has yet to be revealed. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate underlying mechanism of Shanmei Capsule against hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology approach and molecular docking. METHODS: Active ingredients, targets of Shanmei Capsule as well as targets for hyperlipidemia were screened based on database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8 database. Ingredient-target-disease-pathway network was visualized utilizing Cytoscape software and molecular docking was performed by Autodock Vina. RESULTS: Seventeen active ingredients in Shanmei Capsule were screened out with a closely connection with 34 hyperlipidemia-related targets. GO analysis revealed 40 biological processes, 5 cellular components and 29 molecular functions. A total of 15 signal pathways were enriched by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The docking results indicated that the binding activities of key ingredients for PPAR-α are equivalent to that of the positive drug lifibrate. CONCLUSIONS: The possible molecular mechanism mainly involved PPAR signaling pathway, Bile secretion and TNF signaling pathway via acting on MAPK8, PPARγ, MMP9, PPARα, FABP4 and NOS2 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jiana Hong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huijian Liu
- Shanxi Taihang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Na J, Hwang HJ, Shin MS, Kang M, Lee J, Bang G, Kim YJ, Hwang YJ, Hwang KA, Park YH. Extract of radish (R. Sativus Linn) promotes anti-atherosclerotic effect using urine metabolomics in ApoE−/− mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Zhou DD, Luo M, Shang A, Mao QQ, Li BY, Gan RY, Li HB. Antioxidant Food Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6627355. [PMID: 33574978 PMCID: PMC7864729 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Chai XL, Zhang ZQ, Chen AP, Yu T, Yang SJ, Yu DS, Yang R. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of danhe granules against hyperlipidemia by means of network pharmacology and verified by preliminary experiments. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.326585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chai XL, Zhang ZQ, Chen AP, Yu T, Yang SJ, Yu DS, Yang R. Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of danhe granules against hyperlipidemia by means of network pharmacology and verified by preliminary experiments. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_59_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ning Y, Xu F, Xin R, Yao F. Palmatine regulates bile acid cycle metabolism and maintains intestinal flora balance to maintain stable intestinal barrier. Life Sci 2020; 262:118405. [PMID: 32926925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that has been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. The current study aimed to investigate the function of PAL in improving hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. METHODS Biochemical analysis of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was performed on rats. Total bile acid (TBA) and stool TC and TBA were also measured to assess the changes in total bile acid excretion. RT-qPCR was employed to detect the expression of genes related to bile acid metabolism, and the Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of CYP7A1, ZO-1, ZO-2, and Claudin-1. The siRNA experiment was employed to further investigate whether PAL regulated CYP7A1 through PPARα. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and FITC-dextran (FD-4) were also tested to assess the intestinal permeability. RESULTS AL-treated rats had lower TC, TG, LDL-C levels, lower serum TBA levels, and increased fecal TBA and TC levels. Furthermore, CYP7A1 protein expression was up-regulated in PAL-treated rats. Additionally, PAL regulated bile acid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of CYP7A1 and PPARα and down-regulating the expression of FXR. Besides, the area of plasma FD-4 and LPS content in the PAL group were reduced, and the expression of proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and Claudin-1 related to intestinal permeability was increased. CONCLUSION All in all, PAL could mediate the PPARα-CYP7A1 pathway to maintain the balance of intestinal flora, regulate the bile acid metabolism, and reduce the blood lipids of rats, thereby protecting against hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Ning
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Acupuncture, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Rui Xin
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Fang Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
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Mohammadali S, Heshami N, Komaki A, Tayebinia H, Abbasi Oshaghi E, Karimi J, Hashemnia M, Khodadadi I. Dill tablet and Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract: Promising therapeutic agents for improving cognitive deficit in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13485. [PMID: 33015851 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-cholesterol diet (HCD) is correlated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and impairment of memory. This study investigated beneficial therapeutic effects of Dill tablet and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) aqueous extract on hypercholesterolemia-induced cognitive deficits and oxidative stress in hippocampus tissues of rats. Hippocampal Aβ(1-42) level was measured. The gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase and inducible-nitric oxide synthase were determined in hippocampus. Cognitive functions were examined and oxidative status was evaluated in serum and hippocampus. Phytochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activity of Basil extract were assessed. HCD significantly increased serum cholesterol, induced deposition of Aβ plaque, altered hippocampus morphology, and impaired memory function, whereas receiving Basil extract or Dill tablet increased antioxidant potency in serum and hippocampus and normalized HCD-induced deleterious effects. Basil extract and Dill tablet may exhibit their beneficial effects in AD by lowering serum cholesterol and evoking antioxidant system in the brain. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Dill tablet and Basil aqueous extract lowered serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic animal models, therefore, they can be used as hypocholesterolemic agents. These edible herbs significantly retarded deposition of Aβ plaque and normalized hippocampal morphology, thus, they favorably protected hippocampus tissue from deleterious effects-induced by hypercholesterolemia. Dill tablet and Basil aqueous extract also corrected oxide-redox balance and normalized HCD-induced oxidative stress to some extent and significantly improved impairments in learning and memory suggesting that these medicinal plants can be considered as surrogate therapeutic agents for the synthetic medicines in the treatment of AD and in postponement of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Mohammadali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Neda Heshami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tayebinia
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Nutrition Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Phenolic Profile of Nipa Palm Vinegar and Evaluation of Its Antilipidemic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6769726. [PMID: 32952589 PMCID: PMC7487108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6769726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are strongly associated with dyslipidemia which can promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, natural products have been suggested as alternative compounds for antioxidant and antilipidemic activity. The objective of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and assess the inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol micellization of nipa palm vinegar (NPV). Total phenolic content was assessed and phenolic compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively. Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory activities of the NPV were measured using enzymatic colorimetric assays. The formation of cholesterol micelles was assessed using a cholesterol assay kit. The phenolic content of NPV was 167.10 ± 10.15 µg GAE/mL, and LC-MS analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin as bioactive compounds. Additionally, the NPV inhibited pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the NPV also suppressed the formation of cholesterol micellization. These results suggest that phenolic compounds, especially gallic acid, isoquercetin, quercetin, catechin, and rutin, from NPV may be the main active compounds with possible cholesterol-lowering effects through inhibition of pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase activities as well as the inhibition of solubility of cholesterol micelles. Therefore, NPV may delay postprandial dyslipidemia, and it could be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antilipidemic activity. However, NPV should be extensively evaluated by animal and clinical human studies.
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Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, Ali ES, Asghar MN, Deeba F, Firoz CK, Mubarak MS. Chemical profile and therapeutic potentials of Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem.: A literature-based review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112958. [PMID: 32428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Historically, mangrove plants are among the potential sources of foods and remedies for humans living in the forests and nearby communities. Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem., an important mangrove medicinal plant, has been traditionally used for many purposes such as treatment of fever, dysentery, diarrhea, swelling, and abdominal disorders. The aim of the present work was to summarize the chemical reports and biological activities of the mangrove medicinal plant X. moluccensis based on information collected from different databases. MATERIALS AND METHODS An up-to-date search (till Aug 2019) was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and various patient offices (e.g., WIPO, CIPO, USPTO) using the keywords: 'Xylocarpus moluccensis', and/or paired with 'ethnobotanical use', and 'phytochemical'. In vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo studies were included. RESULTS Findings suggest that X. moluccensis contains various important minerals and phytochemicals, where flavonoids, terpenes and terpenoids are the most prominent isolated phyto-constituents of X. moluccensis. Extracts/fractions or isolated compounds from this plant possess diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antineoplastic, anti-diarrheal, insecticidal, anti-feedant, neuropharmacological (e.g., central nervous system depressant), anti-atherosclerotic, and lipid-lowering activity. Only one report suggests that the methanol and aqueous extracts of this plant did not exert cytotoxic effects on normal mouse fibroblast cells. However, no clinical studies were reported. CONCLUSIONS Taken all together, X. moluccensis may be one of the best sources of pharmacologically active lead compounds. More research, however, is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy, and its toxicogenetic effects in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386, Concepción, Chile; Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, 4070386, Chile.
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | | | - Farha Deeba
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions-Jeddah, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Chelapram K Firoz
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Institute of Paramedical Sciences, MES Medical College, Kerala, India.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Ahn HY, Cho HD, Cho YS. Anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of cordycepin-rich Cordyceps militaris in a Sprague–Dawley rat model of alcohol-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHyperlipidemia is involved in serious cardiovascular disease, however, synthetic drugs to reduce lipid contents in blood stream have been found to induce serious side effects. In the current study, we compared anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Paecilomyces japonica (PJ), Cordyceps militaris (CM) and cordycepin-rich Cordyceps militaris (CMα) in rats induced alcoholic hyperlipidemia (AIH) and oxidative stress. The experimental groups were divided in N (water), C (30% alcohol), PJ (30% alcohol + 3% PJ powder), CM (30% alcohol + 3% CM powder), CMα (30% alcohol + 3% CMα powder) and SM [30% alcohol + 0.1% silymarin (SM)]. Compared to C group, supplementation of PJ, CM, CMα and SM slightly alleviated the increased weight ratio of liver and kidney in the alcohol-treated rats. In addition, a significant or slight reduction was identified in total lipid, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels in the rats receiving PJ, CM and CMα as compared with C group. Administration of PJ, CM and CMα also blocked alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation via a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA), and activated anti-oxidant enzyme, glutathione (GSH), in serum and various organ tissues. Overall, cordycepin-rich CMα showed highest anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidemia effect under chronic alcoholic damage. Our results indicate that CMα might be useful in inhibiting the oxidation and hyperlipidemia in alcohol-induced hepatic disease possibly because of potential anti-oxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of cordycepin.
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Liu L, Zhang L, Ren L, Xie Y. Advances in structures required of polyphenols for xanthine oxidase inhibition. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Huaihua University Huaihua 418000 China
| | - Licheng Ren
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Shenzhen University General Hospital Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yixi Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410205 China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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