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Moreno AI, Orozco Y, Ocampo S, Malagón S, Ossa A, Peláez-Vargas A, Paucar C, Lopera A, Garcia C. Effects of Propolis Impregnation on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Scaffolds Loaded with Wollastonite Particles against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Their Coculture for Potential Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2629. [PMID: 37376275 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases and injuries cause irreversible damage to bone tissues, which may require partial or total regeneration or replacement. Tissue engineering suggests developing substitutes that may contribute to the repair or regeneration process by using three-dimensional lattices (scaffolds) to create functional bone tissues. Herein, scaffolds comprising polylactic acid and wollastonite particles enriched with propolis extracts from the Arauca region of Colombia were developed as gyroid triply periodic minimal surfaces using fused deposition modeling. The propolis extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25175) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), which cause osteomyelitis. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle, swelling, and degradation. Their mechanical properties were assessed using static and dynamic tests. Cell viability/proliferation assay was conducted using hDP-MSC cultures, while their bactericidal properties against monospecies cultures (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and cocultures were evaluated. The wollastonite particles did not affect the physical, mechanical, or thermal properties of the scaffolds. The contact angle results showed that there were no substantial differences in the hydrophobicity between scaffolds with and without particles. Scaffolds containing wollastonite particles suffered less degradation than those produced using PLA alone. A representative result of the cyclic tests at Fmax = 450 N showed that the maximum strain reached after 8000 cycles is well below the yield strain (i.e., <7.5%), thereby indicating that even under these stringent conditions, these scaffolds will be able to work properly. The scaffolds impregnated with propolis showed a lower % of cell viability using hDP-MSCs on the 3rd day, but these values increased on the 7th day. These scaffolds exhibited antibacterial activity against the monospecies cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and their cocultures. The samples without propolis loads did not show inhibition halos, whereas those loaded with EEP exhibited halos of 17.42 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 12.9 ± 0.5 mm against S. epidermidis. These results made the scaffolds possible bone substitutes that exert control over species with a proliferative capacity for the biofilm-formation processes required for typical severe infectious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Moreno
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Yeison Orozco
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Ocampo
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sarita Malagón
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Alex Ossa
- School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Eafit, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Peláez-Vargas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Carlos Paucar
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Alex Lopera
- Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Abd Rashid N, Mohammed SNF, Syed Abd Halim SA, Ghafar NA, Abdul Jalil NA. Therapeutic Potential of Honey and Propolis on Ocular Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1419. [PMID: 36422549 PMCID: PMC9696375 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey and propolis have recently become the key target of attention for treating certain diseases and promoting overall health and well-being. A high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids found in both honey and propolis contributes to the antioxidant properties to scavenge free radicals. Honey and propolis also exhibited antibacterial effects where they act in two ways, namely the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acids following the enzymatic activities of glucose oxidase, which exerts oxidative damage on the bacteria. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of honey and propolis are mainly by reducing proinflammatory factors such as interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Their effects on pain were discovered through modulation at a peripheral nociceptive neuron or binding to an opioid receptor in the higher center. The aforementioned properties of honey have been reported to possess potential therapeutic topical application on the exterior parts of the eyes, particularly in treating conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and corneal injury. In contrast, most of the medicinal values of propolis are beneficial in the internal ocular area, such as the retina, optic nerve, and uvea. This review aims to update the current discoveries of honey and propolis in treating various ocular diseases, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-nociceptive properties. In conclusion, research has shown that propolis and honey have considerable therapeutic promise for treating various eye illnesses, although the present study designs are primarily animal and in vitro studies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to translate this finding into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhashima Abd Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Farhana Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nahdia Afiifah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Wang N, Luo J, Deng F, Huang Y, Zhou H. Antibiotic Combination Therapy: A Strategy to Overcome Bacterial Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839808. [PMID: 35281905 PMCID: PMC8905495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first aminoglycoside antibiotic streptomycin being applied in clinical practice in the mid-1940s, aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) are widely used to treat clinical bacterial infections and bacterial resistance to AGAs is increasing. The bacterial resistance to AGAs is owed to aminoglycoside modifying enzyme modification, active efflux pump gene overexpression and 16S rRNA ribosomal subunit methylation, leading to modification of AGAs' structures and decreased concentration of drugs within bacteria. As AGAs's side effects and bacterial resistance, the development of AGAs is time-consuming and difficult. Because bacterial resistance may occur in a short time after application in clinical practice, it was found that the antibacterial effect of the combination was not only better than that of AGAs alone but also reduce the dosage of antibiotics, thereby reducing the occurrence of side effects. This article reviews the clinical use of AGAs, the antibacterial mechanisms, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance, and especially focuses a recent development of the combination of AGAs with other drugs to exert a synergistic antibacterial effect to provide a new strategy to overcome bacterial resistance to AGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Ministry of Education and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation, Ministry of Education of Characteristic Ethnic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Synergistic Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Complex of Plant and Green Propolis Extracts with Antibiotics against Respiratory Infections Causing Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020160. [PMID: 35203763 PMCID: PMC8868350 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a prevalent complication after primary viral respiratory infections and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics are widely used against bacterial respiratory pathogens; however, the rise in antibiotic-resistant strains urges us to search for new antimicrobial compounds, including ones that act synergistically with antibiotics. In this study, the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of a polyphenol-rich complex of green propolis, Tabebuia avellanedae bark, and Olea europaea leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were determined, followed by an analysis of the synergistic effect with clarithromycin, azithromycin, and amoxiclav (875/125 mg amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). A combination of extracts showed activity against all three bacterial strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg/mL and MBC values from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. The extracts showed synergistic activity with azithromycin and clarithromycin against S. aureus, with clarithromycin against K. pneumoniae, and with all three tested antibiotics against H. influenzae. Synergy with clarithromycin was additionally evaluated in a time-kill assay where the synergistic effects against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were seen within the first 6 h of incubation. The results show the potential of polyphenol-rich extracts in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic therapy and indicate their potential to be used in the management of respiratory infections.
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Haq FU, Imran M, Saleem S, Waheed Y. Antibacterial activity of different extracts from ascomata of Morchella conica and Morchella esculenta against Salmonella species. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:85-95. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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El-Sheikh SMA, Abd El-Alim AEAF, Ibrahim HA, Mobarez EA, El-Sayed WA, Galal AAA, Awad NFS. Chitosan propolis nanocomposite alone or in combination with apramycin: an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in rabbits: in vitro and in vivo study. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34612810 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains has increased the need for safe, alternative therapies from natural sources with antibacterial properties.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. There are no published data regarding the use of chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) either alone or in combination with antibiotics as antimicrobials against S. Typhimurium, especially in Egypt.Aim. This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of five antimicrobials [apramycin, propolis, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), chitosan propolis nanocomposite (CPNP) and CPNP +apramycin] against ten virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Typhimurium field strains recovered from diarrheic rabbits through in vitro and in vivo study.Methodology. The expression levels of three virulence genes of S. Typhimurium strains were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of apramycin, propolis, CNPs, CPNP alone, and CPNP +apramycin. Additionally, 90 New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and experimentally S. Typhimurium-infected groups. The infected rabbits were orally administered saline solution (infected-untreated); 10 mg apramycin/kg (infected-apramycin-treated); 50 mg propolis/kg (infected-propolis-treated); 15 mg CPNP/kg (infected-CPNP-treated) and 15 mg CPNP +10 mg apramycin/kg (infected-CPNP +apramycin-treated) for 5 days.Results. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed different degrees of downregulation of all screened genes. Furthermore, the treatment of infected rabbits with CPNP or CPNP +apramycin significantly improved performance parameters, and total bacterial and Salmonella species counts, while also modulating both oxidative stress and altered liver and kidney parameters.Conclusion. This work demonstrates the use of CPNP alone or in combination with apramycin in the treatment of S. Typhimurium in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan M A El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Hosny A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa A El-Sayed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Zagazig branch, 44516, ARC, Egypt
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Naglaa F S Awad
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Promising Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Different Honeybee Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134007. [PMID: 34209107 PMCID: PMC8272120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee products have been known for centuries for their versatile healing properties. In recent decades they have become the subject of documented scientific research. This review aims to present and compare the impact of bee products and their components as antimicrobial agents. Honey, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom are bee products that have antibacterial properties. Sensitivity of bacteria to these products varies considerably between products and varieties of the same product depending on their origin. According to the type of bee product, different degrees of activity were observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, molds and dermatophytes, as well as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa turned out to be the most resistant to bee products. An analysis of average minimum inhibitory concentration values for bee products showed that bee venom has the strongest bacterial effectiveness, while royal jelly showed the weakest antibacterial activity. The most challenging problems associated with using bee products for medical purposes are dosage and safety. The complexity and variability in composition of these products raise the need for their standardization before safe and predictable clinical uses can be achieved.
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Nader RA, Mackieh R, Wehbe R, El Obeid D, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Beehive Products as Antibacterial Agents: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:717. [PMID: 34203716 PMCID: PMC8232087 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are one of the most marvelous and economically beneficial insects. As pollinators, they play a vital role in every aspect of the ecosystem. Beehive products have been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of various diseases. Their healing properties have been documented in many religious texts like the Noble Quran and the Holy Bible. Honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly all demonstrated a richness in their bioactive compounds which make them effective against a variety of bacterial strains. Furthermore, many studies showed that honey and bee venom work as powerful antibacterial agents against a wide range of bacteria including life-threatening bacteria. Several reports documented the biological activities of honeybee products but none of them emphasized on the antibacterial activity of all beehive products. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the antibacterial activity of honey, bee venom, propolis, pollen and royal jelly, that are produced by honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Abou Nader
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rawan Mackieh
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rim Wehbe
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Dany El Obeid
- Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences, Lebanese University, Dekwaneh, Beirut 2832, Lebanon;
| | - Jean Marc Sabatier
- Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Université Aix-Marseille, Institut de Neuro-Physiopathologie, UMR 7051, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, CEDEX 15, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon; (R.A.N.); (R.M.)
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
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Zulhendri F, Chandrasekaran K, Kowacz M, Ravalia M, Kripal K, Fearnley J, Perera CO. Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Properties of Propolis: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:1360. [PMID: 34208334 PMCID: PMC8231288 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a complex phytocompound made from resinous and balsamic material harvested by bees from flowers, branches, pollen, and tree exudates. Humans have used propolis therapeutically for centuries. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive review of the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis. The mechanisms of action of propolis are discussed. There are two distinct impacts with regards to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic properties of propolis, on the pathogens and on the host. With regards to the pathogens, propolis acts by disrupting the ability of the pathogens to invade the host cells by forming a physical barrier and inhibiting enzymes and proteins needed for invasion into the host cells. Propolis also inhibits the replication process of the pathogens. Moreover, propolis inhibits the metabolic processes of the pathogens by disrupting cellular organelles and components responsible for energy production. With regard to the host, propolis functions as an immunomodulator. It upregulates the innate immunity and modulates the inflammatory signaling pathways. Propolis also helps maintain the host's cellular antioxidant status. More importantly, a small number of human clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and the safety of propolis as an adjuvant therapy for pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Kowacz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 St., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; or
| | - Munir Ravalia
- The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London E1 1FR, UK;
| | - Krishna Kripal
- Rajarajeswari Dental College & Hospital, No.14, Ramohalli Cross, Mysore Road, Kumbalgodu, Bengaluru 560074, Karnataka, India;
| | - James Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, Unit 3b Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO18 7NA, UK;
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- Food Science Program, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland CBD, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Vargas Romero E, Lim LT, Suárez Mahecha H, Bohrer BM. The Effect of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nonwovens Containing Chitosan and Propolis Extracts on Fresh Pork Packaged in Linear Low-Density Polyethylene Films. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051110. [PMID: 34067772 PMCID: PMC8156044 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh meat products are highly perishable and require optimal packaging conditions to maintain and potentially extend shelf-life. Recently, researchers have developed functional, active packaging systems that are capable of interacting with food products, package headspace, and/or the environment to enhance product shelf-life. Among these systems, antimicrobial/antioxidant active packaging has gained considerable interest for delaying/preventing microbial growth and deteriorative oxidation reactions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of active linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films coated with a polycaprolactone/chitosan nonwoven (Film 1) or LLDPE films coated with a polycaprolactone/chitosan nonwoven fortified with Colombian propolis extract (Film 2). The active LLDPE films were evaluated for the preservation of fresh pork loin (longissimus dorsi) chops during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for up to 20 d. The meat samples were analyzed for pH, instrumental color, purge loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and microbial stability (aerobic mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria). The incorporation of the propolis-containing nonwoven layer provided antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to LLDPE film, as evidenced by improved color stability, no differences in lipid oxidation, and a delay of 4 d for the onset of bacteria growth of pork chops during the refrigerated storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeli Vargas Romero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (E.V.R.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G-2W1, Canada;
| | - Héctor Suárez Mahecha
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (E.V.R.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Benjamin M. Bohrer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-247-4951
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Rivera-Yañez N, Rivera-Yañez CR, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Méndez-Cruz AR, Nieto-Yañez O. Effects of Propolis on Infectious Diseases of Medical Relevance. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:428. [PMID: 34065939 PMCID: PMC8151468 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a significant problem affecting the public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. Treatment is available for most of these diseases; however, many pathogens have developed resistance to drugs, necessitating the development of new therapies with chemical agents, which can have serious side effects and high toxicity. In addition, the severity and aggressiveness of emerging and re-emerging diseases, such as pandemics caused by viral agents, have led to the priority of investigating new therapies to complement the treatment of different infectious diseases. Alternative and complementary medicine is widely used throughout the world due to its low cost and easy access and has been shown to provide a wide repertoire of options for the treatment of various conditions. In this work, we address the relevance of the effects of propolis on the causal pathogens of the main infectious diseases with medical relevance; the existing compiled information shows that propolis has effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites and helminths, and viruses; however, challenges remain, such as the assessment of their effects in clinical studies for adequate and safe use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Rivera-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - C. Rebeca Rivera-Yañez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia F. Méndez-Catalá
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Julia Reyes-Reali
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María I. Mendoza-Ramos
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adolfo R. Méndez-Cruz
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (G.P.-M.); (J.R.-R.); (M.I.M.-R.); (A.R.M.-C.)
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Ripari N, Sartori AA, da Silva Honorio M, Conte FL, Tasca KI, Santiago KB, Sforcin JM. Propolis antiviral and immunomodulatory activity: a review and perspectives for COVID-19 treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:281-299. [PMID: 33793885 PMCID: PMC7928728 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Viral outbreaks are a frequent concern for humans. A great variety of drugs has been used to treat viral diseases, which are not always safe and effective and may induce adverse effects, indicating the need for new antiviral drugs extracted from natural sources. Propolis is a bee-made product exhibiting many biological properties. An overview of viruses, antiviral immunity, propolis safety and its immunomodulatory and antiviral action is reported, as well as perspectives for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. PubMed platform was used for data collection, searching for the keywords "propolis", "virus", "antiviral", "antimicrobial" and "coronavirus". KEY FINDINGS Propolis is safe and exerts antiviral and immunomodulatory activity; however, clinical trials should investigate its effects on individuals with viral diseases, in combination or not with antiviral drugs or vaccines. SUMMARY Regarding COVID-19, the effects of propolis should be investigated directly on the virus in vitro or on infected individuals alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action. Propolis administration simultaneously with vaccines should be analyzed, due to its adjuvant properties, to enhance the individuals' immune response. The search for therapeutic targets may be useful to find out how propolis can help to control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ripari
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Arthur Alves Sartori
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Honorio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes Conte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karen Ingrid Tasca
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karina Basso Santiago
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Sforcin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
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Grecka K, Szweda P. Synergistic Effects of Propolis Combined with 2-Phenoxyethanol and Antipyretics on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020215. [PMID: 33557393 PMCID: PMC7916011 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to assess the combinational effect of commonly used antipyretics and antiseptics with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) on the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. The broth microdilution checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactions between all investigated antipyretics, namely acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, with EEPs samples. The values of the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) index for all these combinations were <0.5. While, in the case of considered antiseptics, namely chlorhexidine, octenidine dihydrochloride, and 2-phenoxyethanol, the positive interaction was confirmed only for the last one (values of ΣFIC in the range 0.0625-0.25). Combinations of two other agents with all four samples of EEPs resulted in an important antagonistic effect (values of ΣFIC ≥ 4.5). Propolis is mostly dedicated to the treatment of skin/wound infections; thus, these findings are of particular practical importance. The outcomes of the study also support the hypothesis that the propolis's antimicrobial effect is due to the combined (synergistic) action of several ingredients rather than the presence of one component of high antibacterial activity. The composition of 13 ingredients of EEPs (at a concentration below the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the most active agent) exhibited considerably high anti-staphylococcal efficiency with MIC = 128 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Szweda
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (P.S.); Tel.: +48-58-347-11-44 (P.S.)
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Manjula S, Srinivas S, Gujjari A, Kenganora M, Rudraswamy S, Ravi MB. Analysis of antimicrobial activity of Karnataka propolis against oral pathogens – An in vitro study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:449-456. [PMID: 35281136 PMCID: PMC8859580 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_285_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Propolis, a natural antibiotic, which is in high demand in dentistry is a resinous substance. The main ingredient of propolis that is required for antibiotic effect is flavonoids and phenolic acids. Although propolis is a promising option for the control of oral microbes with lower related hazards and a good immunomodulator effect, its composition differs considerably depending on its botanical origin, the site and the season of collection. This original research aims to find the chemical composition and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of propolis procured from different places of Karnataka state. The results would help the dentist and the pharmacist to select the best propolis to use as antibiotics in treating oral disease. Materials and Methods: Propolis sample from 5 different locations of Karnataka was procured from single apiary in Bangalore. Extraction of propolis using two different extracting solvents was carried out. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and MIC of each sample were analyzed. Results: Water extract propolis of Sullia and Hubli was highly active against tested organism with the MIC <0.312; alcohol extract of Sullia, Hubli and Chitradurga was moderately active with the MIC between 0.312 and 5 mg/ml. Vijayapura and Bagalkot were least active with the MIC >5 mg/ml at tested concentration. Conclusion: Propolis procured from different locations of Karnataka can be used as an antimicrobial agent with varying concentrations. However, when propolis is procured for therapeutic purpose, then it needs to be tested for its chemical composition before being utilized.
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Allend SO, Volcão L, Canielles CDS, Barbosa I, Biatobock D, Silva PEAD, Ramos DF. Green propolis as an adjuvant against nontuberculous mycobacteria. RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Natural products have been touted as important tools because of their vast potential for the development of compounds with antimicrobial activity and the possible inhibitory activity and/or adjuvant resistance mechanisms. Propolis has been empirically used for many years for the treatment of diseases, mainly due to its antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of the ethanol extract of propolis alone and in combination with rifampicin (RIF), amikacin (AMI) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The ethanol extract of propolis showed antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium chelonae and M. kansasii and was capable of increasing AMI, RIF and CIP activity in combination. On the other hand, compared to M. absecessus, M. fortuitum and M. avium, the extract was not active at 200 µg/mL and did not show pronounced adjuvant capacity when evaluated in association with the drugs. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of propolis could be an alternative in the development of new drugs and can be used complementary with the current mycobacteriosis treatment.
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16
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Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3079-3086. [PMID: 33100868 PMCID: PMC7569119 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis (bee glue) is a bee glue, sticky resinous material released from various plant sources such as bud exudates, flowers, and leaves modified by bee secretions and wax propolis is composed of resins, waxes, polyphenols, polysaccharides, volatile materials, and secondary metabolites that are responsible for various bioactivity such as antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral activities. The physico-chemical characteristics and the natural properties of various kinds of propolis have been studied for the past decade. Novel active anti-microbial compounds have been identified in propolis. Those compounds positively modulated the antimicrobial resistance of multidrug resistant bacteria. Published research has indicated that propolis and its derivatives has many natural antimicrobial compounds with a broad spectrum against different types of bacteria and that it enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Besides, the combination of propolis with other compounds such as honey has been studied whereby, such combinations have a synergistic effect against bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of propolis is very much dependent on seasonal and regional factors, and Middle Eastern propolis have shown best antibacterial efficacy. Propolis and its main flavonoids ingredients should not be overlooked and should be evaluated in clinical trials to better elucidate their potential application in various fields of medicine. Clinical antibacterial potential and its use in new drugs of biotechnological products should be conducted. This review aims at highlighting some of the recent scientific findings associated with the antibacterial properties of propolis and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saad Almuhayawi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Antimicrobial activity of Apis mellifera L. and Trigona sp. propolis from Nepal and its phytochemical analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110435. [PMID: 32593967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial activity in combination with antibiotics, and chemical composition of Nepalese propolis 70% ethanolic extracts. Propolis originated from two genera of bees - Apis mellifera L. and Trigona sp. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analyses revealed that the composition of both extracts was almost the same and the main components were flavonoid aglycones (mainly neoflavonoids, isoflavonoids) and pterocarpans. The highest antibacterial activity (disc diffusion test) was observed against Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri. Antibiotics exhibited synergism with Apis mellifera L. and Trigona sp. propolis against S. aureus and the strongest effect was observed for the combination with amikacin and tetracycline. Moreover, Nepalase propolis inhibited filamentation of C. albicans and caused oxidative stress by production of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) and a lower concentration of the hydroxyl radical (OH). Propolis extracts are potent antibacterial agents and may be used in combination with antibiotics.
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Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Ahmad A, Eleazu CO, Mohamed M. Oxidative Stress, NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Testes of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Combined Protective Effects of Malaysian Propolis and Metformin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100465. [PMID: 31600920 PMCID: PMC6826571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are major complications that trigger organ failure in diabetes mellitus (DM), and are proven to adversely affect the male reproductive system. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the promising protective effects of propolis in DM and its associated systemic effects. Herein, we investigated the effect of Malaysian propolis (MP) on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Further, the possibility of a complementary effect of MP with the anti-hyperglycaemic agent, metformin (Met), was studied with the idea of recommending its use in the event that Met alone is unable to contain the negative effects of DM on the male reproductive system in mind. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either gavaged distilled water (normoglycaemic control and diabetic control groups), MP (diabetic rats on MP), Met (diabetic rats on Met) or MP+Met (diabetic rats on MP+Met), for 4 weeks. MP decreased oxidative stress by up-regulating (p < 0.05) testicular mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase; increasing (p < 0.05) the activities of antioxidant enzymes; and decreasing (p < 0.05) lipid peroxidation in the testes and epididymis of diabetic rats. Further, MP down-regulated (p < 0.05) testicular mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β), decreased (p < 0.05) the nitric oxide level, and increased (p < 0.05) IL-10 mRNA and protein levels. MP also down-regulated (p < 0.05) Bax/Bcl-2, p53, casapase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 genes, and increased (p < 0.05) testicular germ cell proliferation. MP's effects were comparable to Met. However, the best results were achieved following co-administration of MP and Met. Therefore, we concluded that administration of the MP+Met combination better attenuates testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in DM, relative to MP or Met monotherapy, and may improve the fertility of males with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Cross River State, Nigeria.
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chinedum Ogbonnaya Eleazu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Federal University Ndufu Alaike Ikwo, Abakiliki P.M.B. 10, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Silveira Regueira‐Neto M, Relison Tintino S, Pereira da Silva AR, Socorro Costa M, Morais Oliveira‐Tintino CD, Augusti Boligon A, Menezes IRA, Queiroz Balbino V, Melo Coutinho HD. Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Activity and HPLC Phytochemical Screening of the Brazilian Red Propolis and the Resin of
Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900344. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Silveira Regueira‐Neto
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Centro de BiociênciasUFPE Recife PE 50030-440 Brazil
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological and Health SciencesRegional University of Cariri, URCA Crato CE 63100-160 Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira da Silva
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological and Health SciencesRegional University of Cariri, URCA Crato CE 63100-160 Brazil
| | - Maria Socorro Costa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological and Health SciencesRegional University of Cariri, URCA Crato CE 63100-160 Brazil
| | - Cícera Datiane Morais Oliveira‐Tintino
- Laboratory of Pharmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products, Department of AntibioticsFederal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife PE 50030-440 Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial PharmacyFederal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria RS 97050-180 Brazil
| | - Irwin R. A. Menezes
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological and Health SciencesRegional University of Cariri, URCA Crato CE 63100-160 Brazil
| | - Valdir Queiroz Balbino
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Centro de BiociênciasUFPE Recife PE 50030-440 Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological and Health SciencesRegional University of Cariri, URCA Crato CE 63100-160 Brazil
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Ong TH, Chitra E, Ramamurthy S, Ling CCS, Ambu SP, Davamani F. Cationic chitosan-propolis nanoparticles alter the zeta potential of S. epidermidis, inhibit biofilm formation by modulating gene expression and exhibit synergism with antibiotics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213079. [PMID: 30818374 PMCID: PMC6394969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis, is a common microflora of human body that can cause opportunistic infections associated with indwelling devices. It is resistant to multiple antibiotics necessitating the need for naturally occurring antibacterial agents. Malaysian propolis, a natural product obtained from beehives exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. Chitosan-propolis nanoparticles (CPNP) were prepared using Malaysian propolis and tested for their effect against S. epidermidis. The cationic nanoparticles depicted a zeta potential of +40 and increased the net electric charge (zeta potential) of S. epidermidis from -17 to -11 mV in a concentration-dependent manner whereas, ethanol (Eth) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of propolis further decreased the zeta potential from -17 to -20 mV. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) depicted that CPNP effectively disrupted biofilm formation by S. epidermidis and decreased viability to ~25% compared to Eth and EA with viability of ~60-70%. CPNP was more effective in reducing the viability of both planktonic as well as biofilm bacteria compared to Eth and EA. At 100 μg/mL concentration, CPNP decreased the survival of biofilm bacteria by ~70% compared to Eth or EA extracts which decreased viability by only 40%-50%. The morphology of bacterial biofilm examined by scanning electron microscopy depicted partial disruption of biofilm by Eth and EA extracts and significant disruption by CPNP reducing bacterial number in the biofilm by ~90%. Real time quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression in treated bacteria showed that genes involved in intercellular adhesion such as IcaABCD, embp and other related genes were significantly downregulated by CPNP. In addition to having a direct inhibitory effect on the survival of S. epidermidis, CPNP showed synergism with the antibiotics rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and doxycycline suggestive of effective treatment regimens. This would help decrease antibiotic treatment dose by at least 4-fold in combination therapies thereby opening up ways of tackling antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teik Hwa Ong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Bernardino PN, Bersano PRO, Lima Neto JF, Sforcin JM. Positive effects of antitumor drugs in combination with propolis on canine osteosarcoma cells (spOS-2) and mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:268-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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22
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Al-Ani I, Zimmermann S, Reichling J, Wink M. Antimicrobial Activities of European Propolis Collected from Various Geographic Origins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5010002. [PMID: 29301368 PMCID: PMC5874567 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Propolis consists of a complex mixture of resinous substances collected by honeybees from different plant sources. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, biological activities, and synergistic properties with antibiotics of propolis samples collected from various geographic origins (Germany, Ireland, and Czech Republic). Methods: The chemical composition of the propolis was analyzed by Gas Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GLC-MS) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated by the standard broth microdilution method, while synergistic interactions were assessed by checkerboard dilution and time-kill curve assays. Results: HPLC and GLC-MS analyses revealed that ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and water extracts of propolis (WEP) contained more than 100 different phytochemicals. The most abundant compounds were aromatic alcohols, aromatic acids, cinnamic acid and its esters, fatty acids, and flavanone (chrysin). Czech propolis showed the highest phenolic content (129.83 ± 5.9 mg CAE/g) followed by Irish propolis and German propolis. Furthermore, Irish propolis exhibited the highest value of total flavonoid content (2.86 ± 0.2 mg QE/g) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 26.45 µg/mL). All propolis samples showed moderate antibacterial effect against Gram-positive microorganisms with MIC ranging from 0.08 mg/mL to 2.5 mg/mL. Moreover, EEP exhibited moderate activity against Gram-negative bacteria with MIC between 0.6 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL. In addition, EEP displayed moderate antifungal activity (MIC values between 0.6-2.5 mg/mL). The results obtained from time kill-kinetic assay and checkerboard dilution test of two-drug combinations between EEP and antibiotics such as vancomycin, oxacillin, and levofloxacin indicate mainly synergistic interactions against drug-resistant microbial pathogens including MRSA and VRE. Conclusions: The propolis extract synergistically enhanced the efficacy of antibiotics, especially those acting on cell wall synthesis (vancomycin and oxacillin) against drug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Al-Ani
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10047, Iraq.
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, INF 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Reichling
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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23
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Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Moshiri A. Potential role of propolis in wound healing: Biological properties and therapeutic activities. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:469-483. [PMID: 29287194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture that honey bees collect from the tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources. The chemical composition of propolis varies and depends on the geographical area, time of collection, seasonality, illumination, altitude, and food availability during propolis exploitation. The goal of this review is to discuss important concepts including mechanisms of action and therapeutic activities of propolis. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for the literature published from January the 1st 2000 to October the 1st 2017. Sixteen animals and three clinical studies were included. A quantitative and qualitative review was performed on the clinical trials and the animal studies were comprehensively overviewed. In this study, the clinical trials have been combined and the results were provided as meta-analysis. Propolis is a non-toxic natural product; however some cases of allergy and contact dermatitis to this compound have been described mainly among beekeepers. An important factor in impaired wound healing is biofilm formation; propolis as an anti-microbial agent can reduce biofilm generation and result in accelerated healing processes. Most of the in vivo studies on various wound models suggested the beneficial roles of propolis on experimental wound healing and this has also been approved in the clinical trial studies. However, there is a lack of information concerning, dose, side effects and clinical effectiveness of propolis on wounds. As the effectiveness of propolis between different products is variable, more characterizations should be done and future investigations comparing different propolis based products and characterization of their specific roles on different models of wounds are highly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Esmat Alemzadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moshiri
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Dr. Moshiri Veterinary Clinic, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Seasonal variation of Brazilian red propolis: Antibacterial activity, synergistic effect and phytochemical screening. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:572-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Orsi RO, Santos VGD, Pezzato LE, Carvalho PLPFDE, Teixeira CP, Freitas JMA, Padovani CR, Sartori MMP, Barros MM. Activity of Brazilian propolis against Aeromonas hydrophila and its effect on Nile tilapia growth, hematological and non-specific immune response under bacterial infection. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1785-1799. [PMID: 28767889 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) on Aeromonas hydrophila was analyzed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, the effects of crude propolis powder (CPP) on growth, hemato-immune parameters of the Nile tilapia, as well as its effects on resistance to A. hydrophila challenge were investigated. The CPP (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) was added to the diet of 280 Nile tilapia (50.0 ± 5.7 g fish-1). Hemato-immune parameters were analyzed before and after the bacterial challenge. Red blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. The MIC of the EEP was 13% (v/v) with a bactericidal effect after 24 hours. Growth performance was significantly lower for those fish fed diets containing 2.5 and 3% of CPP compared to the control diet. Differences in CPP levels affected fish hemoglobin, neutrophils number and NO following the bacterial challenge. For others parameters no significant differences were observed. Our results show that although propolis has bactericidal properties in vitro, the addition of crude propolis powder to Nile tilapia extruded diets does not necessarily lead to an improvement of fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo O Orsi
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo NECTAR, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz E Pezzato
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro L P F DE Carvalho
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline P Teixeira
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jakeline M A Freitas
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria M P Sartori
- Departamento de Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/FCA, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Margarida M Barros
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVZ, Grupo AQUANUTRI, Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, 18618-681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Studies on the therapeutic effect of propolis along with standard antibacterial drug in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:485. [PMID: 27887651 PMCID: PMC5124282 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health problem. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has described antibiotic resistance as one of the world's most pressing health problems in 21st century. WHO rated antibiotic resistance as "one of the three greatest threats to human health". One important strategy employed to overcome this resistance is the use of combination of drugs. Many plants, natural extracts have been shown to exhibit synergistic response with standard drugs against microorganisms. The present study focused on the antibacterial potential of propolis in combination with the standard antibiotic Cefixime against the typhoid causing bacteria i.e. Salmonella. METHODS Ethanolic extract of propolis was taken for the present work. For the experiment BALB/c mice were taken as animal model and divided into ten groups. Along with normal and infected control groups, four different combinations of cefixime and propolis were used. Biochemical, hematological and histopathological indices were studied by following the standard protocols. RESULTS In BALB/c mice, Salmonella causes severe biochemical, hematological and histopathological alterations by 5th day of infection. Ethanolic extract of propolis at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight of mice when used alone to treat Salmonella infection in mice gave significant results by 30th day of treatment. Similarly, when cefixime (4 mg/kg body weight of mice) was used to treat infection in mice, significant results as compared to infected control were observed after 5th day. But when propolis and cefixime were used together in different concentrations in combination therapy, evident results were observed after 5 days of treatment. The levels of various liver and kidney function enzymes, blood indices and the histopathology of liver, spleen and kidney were restored to near normal after 5 days of treatment and at much lower doses as compared to the effective dose when used alone. CONCLUSION The study confirmed that significant results were observed in three combinations of cefixime and propolis as compared to infected controls. Propolis acted synergistically with cefixime and enhanced the efficacy of antibiotic and reduced its effective dose in combined therapy.
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Araújo MJAM, Bosco SDMG, Sforcin JM. Pythium insidiosum: inhibitory effects of propolis and geopropolis on hyphal growth. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:863-869. [PMID: 27522931 PMCID: PMC5052384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis and geopropolis are resinous products of bees showing antimicrobial effects. There is no data concerning their action against Pythium insidiosum - the causative agent of pythiosis, a pyogranulomatous disease of the subcutaneous tissue that affects mostly horses, dogs and humans. Fragments of 15 isolates of P. insidiodum were incubated with propolis and geopropolis extracts and evaluated for up to seven days to detect the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC). Propolis inhibited three isolates at 1.0mgmL-1 after 24h and all other isolates at 3.4mgmL-1. Geopropolis led to more variable results, exerting predominantly a fungistatic action than a fungicidal one. Propolis was more efficient than geopropolis in inhibiting P. insidiosum since lower concentrations led to no growth after 24h. This effect may be due to propolis chemical composition, which has more active compounds than geopropolis. Propolis seemed to be a good candidate for in vivo studies, since treatment with conventional antifungal compounds is difficult in most of the cases, requiring extensive surgical debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco
- Unesp Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Sforcin
- Unesp Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mohamed AH, Hassab El-Nabi SE, Bayomi AE, Abdelaal AA. Effect of bee venom or proplis on molecular and parasitological aspects of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:390-400. [PMID: 27413311 PMCID: PMC4927498 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to elucidate the efficacy of Apis mellifera L bee venom (BV) or proplis (200 mg/kg orally for three consecutive days) on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. The results recorded reduction in the total worm burden, numbers of immature eggs and the ova count in hepatic tissue in BV (sting or injection) or proplis treated groups as compared to the infected group. Histological examination illustrated a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the diameter of hepatic granuloma in BV treated groups (272.78 and 266.9, respectively) and a significant decrease in proplis treated mice (229.35) compared with the infected group (260.67). Electrophoretic pattern of RNA showed a decrease in mean of maximal optical density in liver and intestine of S. mansoni infected mice treated with bee venom (sting or injection) as compared with infected group. Flow cytometry analyses of RNA or apoptotic percentage of worms recovered from BV sting (19 and 49 % respectively); BV injected (20.5 and 51.17 %, respectively) and proplis (35 and 23.93 %, respectively) groups were compared with S. mansoni infected group (37.87 and 39.21 %, respectively). It can be concluded that administration of bee venom or proplis are effective in case of S. mansoni infection. Although bee venom cause increase of granuloma diameter and this might be due to venom concentration and further studies are required to avoid such harmful effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza H. Mohamed
- />Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa E. Bayomi
- />Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Abdelaal
- />Department of Economic Entomology and Agriculuture Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Brazilian Green Propolis Improves Antioxidant Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050498. [PMID: 27187435 PMCID: PMC4881123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propolis contains a variety of bioactive components and possesses many biological properties. This study was designed to evaluate potential effects of Brazilian green propolis on glucose metabolism and antioxidant function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the 18-week randomized controlled study, enrolled patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to Brazilian green propolis group (900 mg/day) (n = 32) and control group (n = 33). At the end of the study, no significant difference was found in serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, aldose reductase or adiponectin between the two groups. However, serum GSH and total polyphenols were significantly increased, and serum carbonyls and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly reduced in the Brazilian green propolis group. Serum TNF-α was significantly decreased, whereas serum IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased in the Brazilian green propolis group. It is concluded that Brazilian green propolis is effective in improving antioxidant function in T2DM patients.
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Pereira RF, Bártolo PJ. Traditional Therapies for Skin Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:208-229. [PMID: 27134765 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: The regeneration of healthy and functional skin remains a huge challenge due to its multilayer structure and the presence of different cell types within the extracellular matrix in an organized way. Despite recent advances in wound care products, traditional therapies based on natural origin compounds, such as plant extracts, honey, and larvae, are interesting alternatives. These therapies offer new possibilities for the treatment of skin diseases, enhancing the access to the healthcare, and allowing overcoming some limitations associated to the modern products and therapies, such as the high costs, the long manufacturing times, and the increase in the bacterial resistance. This article gives a general overview about the recent advances in traditional therapies for skin wound healing, focusing on the therapeutic activity, action mechanisms, and clinical trials of the most commonly used natural compounds. New insights in the combination of traditional products with modern treatments and future challenges in the field are also highlighted. Recent Advances: Natural compounds have been used in skin wound care for many years due to their therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cell-stimulating properties. The clinical efficacy of these compounds has been investigated through in vitro and in vivo trials using both animal models and humans. Besides the important progress regarding the development of novel extraction methods, purification procedures, quality control assessment, and treatment protocols, the exact mechanisms of action, side effects, and safety of these compounds need further research. Critical Issues: The repair of skin lesions is one of the most complex biological processes in humans, occurring throughout an orchestrated cascade of overlapping biochemical and cellular events. To stimulate the regeneration process and prevent the wound to fail the healing, traditional therapies and natural products have been used with promising results. Although these products are in general less expensive than the modern treatments, they can be sensitive to the geographic location and season, and exhibit batch-to-batch variation, which can lead to unexpected allergic reactions, side effects, and contradictory clinical results. Future Directions: The scientific evidence for the use of traditional therapies in wound healing indicates beneficial effects in the treatment of different lesions. However, specific challenges remain unsolved. To extend the efficacy and the usage of natural substances in wound care, multidisciplinary efforts are necessary to prove the safety of these products, investigate their side effects, and develop standard controlled trials. The development of good manufacturing practices and regulatory legislation also assume a pivotal role in order to improve the use of traditional therapies by the clinicians and to promote their integration into the national health system. Current trends move to the development of innovative wound care treatments, combining the use of traditional healing agents and modern products/practices, such as nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles, Aloe vera loaded into alginate hydrogels, propolis into dressing films, and hydrogel sheets containing honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben F. Pereira
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRsp), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Marinha Grande, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Bártolo
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRsp), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Marinha Grande, Portugal
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Sforcin JM. Biological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Propolis. Phytother Res 2016; 30:894-905. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Sforcin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP; 18618-970 Botucatu SP Brazil
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da Silva SS, Mizokami SS, Fanti JR, Miranda MM, Kawakami NY, Teixeira FH, Araújo EJA, Panis C, Watanabe MAE, Sforcin JM, Pavanelli WR, Verri WA, Felipe I, Conchon-Costa I. Propolis reduces Leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in the liver of BALB/c mice. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1557-66. [PMID: 26711452 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of mouse paw infection with L. amazonensis show an induction of a strong inflammatory response in the skin, and parasitic migration may occur to secondary organs with consequent tissue injury. There are few studies focusing on the resolution of damage in secondary organs caused by Leishmania species-related cutaneous leishmaniasis. We investigated the propolis treatment effect on liver inflammation induced by Leishmania amazonensis infection in the mouse paw. BALB/c mice were infected in the hind paw with L. amazonensis (10(7)) promastigote forms. After 15 days, animals were treated daily with propolis (5 mg/kg), Glucantime (10 mg/kg), or with propolis plus Glucantime combined. After 60 days, mice were euthanized and livers were collected for inflammatory process analysis. Liver microscopic analysis showed that propolis reduced the inflammatory process compared to untreated infected control. There was a decrease of liver myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity levels, collagen fiber deposition, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels. Furthermore, propolis treatment enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and reversed hepatosplenomegaly. Our data demonstrated that daily low doses of Brazilian propolis reduced the secondary chronic inflammatory process in the liver caused by L. amazonensis subcutaneous infection in a susceptible mice strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen S da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sandra S Mizokami
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline R Fanti
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milena M Miranda
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natalia Y Kawakami
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Humel Teixeira
- Departamento de Histologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J A Araújo
- Departamento de Histologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratório de Mediadores Inflamatórios, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, 85605-010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria A E Watanabe
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José M Sforcin
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wander R Pavanelli
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ionice Felipe
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivete Conchon-Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
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Grenho L, Barros J, Ferreira C, Santos VR, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP, Cortes ME. In vitroantimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of propolis containing nanohydroxyapatite. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:025004. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/2/025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pippi B, Lana A, Moraes R, Güez C, Machado M, de Oliveira L, Lino von Poser G, Fuentefria A. In vitro
evaluation of the acquisition of resistance, antifungal activity and synergism of Brazilian red propolis with antifungal drugs on Candida
spp. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:839-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pippi
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A.J.D. Lana
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - R.C. Moraes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - C.M. Güez
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Pampa; Uruguaiana Brazil
| | - M. Machado
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Pampa; Uruguaiana Brazil
| | - L.F.S. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Pampa; Uruguaiana Brazil
| | - G. Lino von Poser
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A.M. Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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de Souza GG, Pfenning LH, de Moura F, Salgado M, Takahashi JA. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activity of propolis-associated fungi. Nat Prod Res 2014; 27:1705-7. [PMID: 23439233 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.771348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product widely known for its medicinal properties. In this work, fungi present on propolis samples were isolated, identified and tested for the production of antimicrobial metabolites. Twenty-two fungal isolates were obtained, some of which were identified as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Fusarium merismoides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium purpurogenum, Pestalotiopsis palustris, Tetracoccosporium paxianum and Trichoderma koningii. These fungi were grown in liquid media to obtain crude extracts that were evaluated for their antibiotic activity against pathogenic bacteria, yeast and Cladosporium cladosporioides and A. flavus. The most active extract was obtained from L. theobromae (minimum inhibitory concentration = 64 μg/mL against Listeria monocitogenes). Some extracts showed to be more active than the positive control in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and L. monocitogenes. Therefore, propolis is a promising source of fungi, which produces active agents against relevant food poisoning bacteria and crop-associated fungi.
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Torlak E, Sert D. Antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan–propolis coated polypropylene films against foodborne pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 60:52-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wojtyczka RD, Dziedzic A, Idzik D, Kępa M, Kubina R, Kabała-Dzik A, Smoleń-Dzirba J, Stojko J, Sajewicz M, Wąsik TJ. Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates to propolis extract alone or in combination with antimicrobial drugs. Molecules 2013; 18:9623-40. [PMID: 23941882 PMCID: PMC6269688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Polish propolis (EEPP) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. The combined effect of EEPP and 10 selected antistaphylococcal drugs on S. aureus clinical cultures was also investigated. EEPP composition was analyzed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The flavonoid compounds identified in Polish Propolis included flavones, flavonones, flavonolols, flavonols and phenolic acids. EEPP displayed varying effectiveness against twelve S. aureus strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/mL, determined by broth microdilution method. The average MIC was 0.54 ± 0.22 mg/mL, while calculated MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ were 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the EEPP ranged from 0.78 to 3.13 mg/mL. The in vitro combined effect of EEPP and 10 antibacterial drugs was investigated using disk diffusion method-based assay. Addition of EEPP to cefoxitin (FOX), clindamycin (DA), tetracycline (TE), tobramycin (TOB), linezolid (LIN), trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole (SXT), penicillin (P), erythromycin (E) regimen, yielded stronger, cumulative antimicrobial effect, against all tested S. aureus strains than EEPP and chemotherapeutics alone. In the case of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and chloramphenicol (C) no synergism with EEPP was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Wojtyczka
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.D.W.); (D.I.); (M.K.); (J.S.-D.)
| | - Arkadiusz Dziedzic
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Pl. Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Katowice, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Danuta Idzik
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.D.W.); (D.I.); (M.K.); (J.S.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Kępa
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.D.W.); (D.I.); (M.K.); (J.S.-D.)
| | - Robert Kubina
- Department and Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.K.); (A.K.-D.)
| | - Agata Kabała-Dzik
- Department and Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.K.); (A.K.-D.)
| | - Joanna Smoleń-Dzirba
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.D.W.); (D.I.); (M.K.); (J.S.-D.)
| | - Jerzy Stojko
- Department Bioanalysis and Environmental Studies, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Kasztanowa 3A, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Tomasz J. Wąsik
- Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Katowice, Poland; E-Mails: (R.D.W.); (D.I.); (M.K.); (J.S.-D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-1620; Fax: +48-32-364-0000
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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Polish Propolis against Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:590703. [PMID: 23662143 PMCID: PMC3638578 DOI: 10.1155/2013/590703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Polish propolis (EEPP) against biofilm-forming CoNS strains in vitro. Our results revealed that EEPP displayed varying degrees of activity against CoNS with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 0.78 mg/mL. The average MIC was 1.13 ± 0.39 mg/mL while calculated MIC50 and MIC90 values were 0.78 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. The biofilm formation ability by all tested S. epidermidis strains was inhibited at EEPP concentrations ranging from 0.39 to 1.56 mg/mL. The degree of reduction of AlamarBlue was directly associated with the proliferation of S. epidermidis strains. The increased proliferation of S. epidermidis strains was observed after 12 and 24 hours of incubation in the presence of EEPP concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.39 mg/mL. These results suggest that antimicrobial activities of EEPP against S. epidermidis expressed as the reduction of bacterial growth, reduction of biofilm formation ability, and the intensity of proliferation were significantly affected by incubation time and EEPP concentration used as well as the interactions between these factors.
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Al-Waili N, Al-Ghamdi A, Ansari MJ, Al-Attal Y, Salom K. Synergistic effects of honey and propolis toward drug multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans isolates in single and polymicrobial cultures. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:793-800. [PMID: 23136543 PMCID: PMC3491439 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis and honey are natural bee products with wide range of biological and medicinal properties. The study investigated antimicrobial activity of ethyl alcohol extraction of propolis collected from Saudi Arabia (EEPS) and from Egypt (EEPE), and their synergistic effect when used with honey. Single and polymicrobial cultures of antibiotic resistant human pathogens were tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus),), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C.albicans) were cultured in 10-100% (v/v) honey diluted in broth, or 0.08-1.0% (weight/volume) EEPS and EEPE diluted in broth. Four types of polymicrobial cultures were prepared by culturing the isolates with each other in broth (control) and broth containing various concentrations of honey or propolis. Microbial growth was assessed on solid plate media after 24 h incubation. RESULTS EEPS and EEPE inhibited antibiotic resistant E.coli, and S.aureus, and C.albicans in single and polymicrobial cultures. S.aureus became more susceptible when it was cultured with E.coli or C.albicans or when all cultured together. C.albicans became more susceptible when it was cultured with S.aureus or with E.coli and S. aureus together. The presence of ethyl alcohol or honey potentiated antimicrobial effect of propolis toward entire microbes tested in single or polymicrobial cultures. EEPS had lower MIC toward E.coli and C.albicans than EEPE. When propolis was mixed with honey, EEPS showed lower MIC than EEPE. In addition, honey showed lower MIC toward entire microbes when mixed with EEPS than when it was mixed with EEPE. CONCLUSION 1) propolis prevents the growth of the microorganisms in single and mixed microbial cultures, and has synergistic effect when used with honey or ethyl alcohol, 2) the antimicrobial property of propolis varies with geographical origin, and 3) this study will pave the way to isolate active ingredients from honey and propolis to be further tested individually or in combination against human resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noori Al-Waili
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University-Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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