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Kincses A, Ghazal TSA, Hohmann J. Synergistic effect of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:659-665. [PMID: 39126171 PMCID: PMC11318484 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2389105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The increase in bacterial resistance to currently available medications, which increases mortality rates, treatment costs is a global problem, and highlights the need for novel classes of antibacterial agents or new molecules that interact synergistically with antimicrobials. OBJECTIVE The current work explores the potential synergistic effects of certain natural phenylpropanoids and flavonoids on ciprofloxacin (CIP), ampicillin (AMP), gentamicin (GEN), and tetracycline (TET). MATERIALS AND METHODS The adjuvant role of cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ferulic acid methyl ester, sinapic acid, apigenin, and luteolin was evaluated by determining the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values of antibiotics in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations (200, 100, and/or 50 µM) of the compounds in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using a 2-fold broth microdilution method. The 96-well plates were incubated at 37 °C for 18 h, and dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a solvent control. RESULTS The combination of luteolin with CIP, reduced the MIC values of the antibiotic from 0.625 to 0.3125 µM and to 0.078 µM in 100 and 200 µM concentration, respectively, in sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Sinapic acid decreased the MIC value of CIP from 0.625 to 0.3125 µM in S. aureus, from 1.56 to 0.78 µM in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the MIC of GEN from 0.39 to 0.095 µM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings are useful in delaying the development of resistance, as the required antibacterial effect can be achieved with the use of lower concentrations of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judit Hohmann
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN - USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Xu S, Kang A, Tian Y, Li X, Qin S, Yang R, Guo Y. Plant Flavonoids with Antimicrobial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3086-3097. [PMID: 38833551 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a serious threat to human public health and global economic development, and there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents. Flavonoids are the largest group of plant secondary metabolites, and the anti-S. aureus and anti-MRSA activities of flavonoids have now been widely reported. The aim of this Review is to describe plant-derived flavonoid active ingredients and their effects and mechanisms of inhibitory activity against MRSA in order to provide insights for screening novel antimicrobial agents. Here, 85 plant-derived flavonoids (14 flavones, 21 flavonols, 26 flavanones, 9 isoflavones, 12 chalcones, and 3 other classes) with anti-MRSA activity are reviewed. Among these flavonoids, flavones and isoflavones generally showed the most significant anti-MRSA activity (MICs: 1-8 μg/mL). The results of the present Review display that most of the flavonoids with excellent anti-MRSA activity were derived from Morus alba L. and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. The antibacterial mechanism of flavonoids against MRSA is mainly achieved by disruption of membrane structures, inhibition of efflux pumps, and inhibition of β-lactamases and bacterial virulence factors. We hope this Review can provide insights into the development of novel antimicrobials based on natural products for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ayue Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shangshang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ruige Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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Tazi A, El Moujahed S, Jaouad N, Saghrouchni H, Al-Ashkar I, Liu L, Errachidi F. Exploring the Bioactive Potential of Moroccan Lemon Grass ( Cymbopogon citratus L.): Investigations on Molecular Weight Distribution and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potentials. Molecules 2024; 29:3982. [PMID: 39274830 PMCID: PMC11395846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29173982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) revealed a variety of active molecules and examined their biological characteristics. However, most of these studies were conducted on wild varieties, while cultivated plants were addressed less. This study aimed to characterize the biomolecules and biological activities of lemon grass growing under North African conditions in Morocco. Phenolic compound profiles of aqueous (AE), ethanol (EE), and methanol (ME) extracts and their fractions were obtained with steric exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G50 gel and identified by LC-MS/MS. Then, total polyphenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and antioxidant activities (FRAP: scavenging value and TAC: Total Antioxidant Capacity) of the fraction were evaluated, as well as the antimicrobial activity. The obtained results showed that the ME contained eight major compounds (i.e., apigenine-7-O-rutinoside and myricitine-3-O-rutinoside). The AE showed the presence of five molecules (i.e., kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide), while EE showed the presence of three molecules (i.e., quercetine-3-O-rutinoside). Regarding the chemical characterization, the highest value of total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained in AE (25) (4.60 ± 0.29 mg/g), and the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC) was obtained in ME (29) (0.7 ± 0.08 mg/g). Concerning the antioxidant activity, the highest FRAP was obtained in ME (29) (97.89%), and the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was obtained in ME (29) (89.89%). Correlation between FRAP, TPC, and TFC was noted only in fractions of AE and ME. All tested extracts of C. citratus and their fractions showed a significant antimicrobial effect. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded for ME against E. coli. Extracts' biological activities and their fractions were governed by their active molecules. These data are new and clarify a novel aspect of bioactive molecules in the extracts of cultivated C. citratus. Equally, throughout this research, we clarified the relationship between identified molecules and their biological properties, including antioxidant and anti-microbial activities, which is new for the study area. This study is suggested as a reference for comparative studies and other assays of other biological activities for the study plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tazi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Sara El Moujahed
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Noura Jaouad
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment (LIEME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar Lmehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Balcalı, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liyun Liu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
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Santiago-Figueroa I, González-Cortazar M, Estrada-Flores JG, Cuéllar-Ordaz JA, López-Arellano ME, González-Reyes FJ, Olmedo-Juárez A, Higuera-Piedrahita RI. Synergistic Interaction Effect of Artemisia cina n-hexane Extract and Tagetes lucida Ethyl Acetate Extract on Haemonchus Contortus. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1132-1140. [PMID: 38568361 PMCID: PMC11182837 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analysed the possible synergistic activity among active extracts from Artemisia cina and Tagetes lucida combinations on Haemonchus contortus, a nematode parasitising sheep. METHODS The work was carried out in vitro on eggs and infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus. The results were analysed with SAS 9.1, applying the ANOVA and Tukey test, and the lethal concentration (LC) values LC50 and LC90 were determined with regression analysis, employing Proc Probit of SAS 9.1. Additionally, the lethal concentration (LC) was calculated with LC50 and LC90 to determine the synergistic effect. RESULTS The results demonstrated a high efficacy of the two plants studied on both nematode eggs and L3 larvae as well as of their combinations. The highest egg hatching inhibition was obtained with a 50/50 combination, and the best larvae mortality was obtained with 25% A. cina and 75% T. lucida at 10 mg/mL. Additionally, this combination showed a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION The two plant species studied here can be applied as natural anthelmintic alternatives due to their high bioactive effect and synergistic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Santiago-Figueroa
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. Cuautitlán- Teoloyucan Km 2.5, Col. San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica Del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, 62790, Xochitepec, CP, México
| | - Julieta Gertrudis Estrada-Flores
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales (ICAR), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM), Estado de México, Campus UAEM El Cerrillo, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, 50090, Toluca, México
| | - Jorge Alfredo Cuéllar-Ordaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. Cuautitlán- Teoloyucan Km 2.5, Col. San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán, México
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, CP 62550, Jiutepec, México
| | | | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, CP 62550, Jiutepec, México.
| | - Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. Cuautitlán- Teoloyucan Km 2.5, Col. San Sebastián Xhala, CP 54714, Cuautitlán, México.
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Yuan H, Xun H, Wang J, Wang J, Yao X, Tang F. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Underlying Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Phytonutrient Quercetin-Induced Fatty Acids Alteration in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27217. Molecules 2024; 29:2266. [PMID: 38792126 PMCID: PMC11123838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of natural products in food preservation represents a promising strategy for the dual benefits of controlling foodborne pathogens and enhancing the nutritional properties of foods. Among the phytonutrients, flavonoids have been shown to exert antibacterial effects by disrupting bacterial cell membrane functionality; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of quercetin on the cell membrane permeability of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 27217. A combined metabolomic and transcriptomic approach was adopted to examine the regulatory mechanism of quercetin with respect to the fatty acid composition and associated genes. Kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulations were conducted to assess quercetin's inhibition of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabG), a potential target in the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Metabolomic and transcriptomic results showed that quercetin increased the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and the levels of membrane phospholipids. The bacteria reacted to quercetin-induced stress by attempting to enhance fatty acid biosynthesis; however, quercetin directly inhibited FabG activity, thereby disrupting bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of quercetin's effects on bacterial cell membranes and suggest potential applications for quercetin in bacterial inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; (H.Y.); (H.X.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (X.Y.)
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Xiao CY, Lan JE, Liu X, Sun ZL, Li XJ, Yin YH, Gibbons S, Mu Q. Acetylenic spiroketal enol ethers from Artemisia rupestris and their synergistic antibacterial effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:589-593. [PMID: 36855235 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2183952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic bioassay-guided isolation of the extracts of Artemisia rupestris L, which belongs to the family Asteraceae, afforded two acetylenic spiroketal enol ethers, namely rupesdiynes A (1) and B (2). Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic analysis and experimental and calculated ECD investigations. The two compounds exhibited synergistic activity and were able to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin four-fold, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.5 in combination with oxacillin against the oxacillin-resistant EMRSA-16. Biofilm formation inhibitory and Ethidium bromide (EtBr) efflux assay were further employed to verify the possible mechanism of the synergistic antibacterial effect. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding affinities of the two compounds with penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) of EMRSA-16. Taken together, rupesdiynes A (1) and rupesdiyne B (2) showed moderate synergistic activity against EMRSA-16 with oxacillin via inhibiting biofilm formation and efflux pump activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiang-Er Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine Institute of Xinjiang, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Yi-Han Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pathak D, Mazumder A. Potential of Flavonoids as Promising Phytotherapeutic Agents to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Infections. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1664-1692. [PMID: 38031767 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010271172231108190233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the limited number of current effective treatments, Multidrug- Resistant (MDR) illnesses have grown to be a serious concern to public health. It has become necessary to look for new antimicrobial drugs because of the emergence of resistance to numerous kinds of antibiotics. The use of flavonoids is one phytotherapeutic strategy that has been researched as a potential remedy for this issue. Secondary plant compounds called flavonoids have been found to have an antibacterial effect against resistant microorganisms. OBJECTIVE This review seeks to give readers a glimpse into contemporary studies on flavonoids' potential to fight MDR infections. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords such as flavonoids, MDR infections, antimicrobial activity, and resistance microbes. Studies that investigated the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids against resistant microbes were included in this review. RESULTS Most research found that flavonoids have antibacterial efficacy against resistant microorganisms, and some also showed that they have synergistic benefits with traditional antibiotics. The flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and luteolin were the most often investigated ones. According to research, flavonoids affect microbial gene expression, inhibit microbial enzymes, and disrupt the integrity of microbial cell membranes. Additionally, a few studies have noted the flavonoids' low toxicity and safety. CONCLUSION For the treatment of infections that are resistant to many drugs, flavonoids constitute a promising class of phytotherapeutic agents. To develop flavonoid-based treatment methods for treating MDR illnesses and assess the potential of flavonoids as adjuvants to conventional antimicrobial drugs, more study is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
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Patel K, Patel DK. Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Artemetin from Traditional to Modern Medicine: An Update on Pharmacological Activities and Analytical Aspects. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:265-275. [PMID: 38275071 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344266027231215105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant products derived from natural sources have been used in medicine as a raw material and newer kinds of drug molecules in pharmaceuticals and other allied health sectors. Phytochemicals have numerous medicinal potentials, including anti- ageing, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity in medicine. Development and biological application of herbal products in modern medicine signified the value of traditional medicinal plants in health care systems. METHODS The objective of the present study was to explore the scientific knowledge of the medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of artemetin in medicine. However, scientific investigations for their pharmacological activities in medicine have been done through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work collected from PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar in order to know the biological importance of artemetin in medicine. Moreover, analytical data of artemetin have also been discussed in the present work. RESULTS The present work scientific data signified the biological potential of artemetin in medicine. Artemetin has been derived from numerous medicinal plants and dietary herbs, including Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia argyi, Achillea millefolium, and Vitex trifolia. Artemetin has anti-malarial, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, anti-tumoral, antiatherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and hepatoprotective effects. Further, the biological role of artemetin on lipid oxidation, cytokine production, lipoxygenase, and estrogen- like effects was also investigated in the present work. Analytical data on artemetin in the present paper signified their important role in the isolation, separation, and identification of different classes of pure phytochemicals, including artemetin in medicine. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis of artemetin signified its therapeutic potential in medicine for the development of newer scientific approaches for different human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao S, Geng Y, Shi J, Qian J, Yang Y, Dai D, Yan Z, Qi W, Yu D, Zhao X. Chinese herbal compound for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis with association rule mining to identify core herb combinations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1282538. [PMID: 38174222 PMCID: PMC10761442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1282538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia poses a significant therapeutic challenge. In China, Chinese herbal compound (CHC) is commonly used to treat bacterial pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHC and identify core herb combinations for the treatment of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. Methods: Stata 16 and TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software were used for meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA), respectively. Exploring the sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Results: Thirty-eight studies involving 2890 patients were included in the analyses. Meta-analysis indicated that CHC combined with antibiotics improved the response rate (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.19-1.28; p < 0.0001) and microbiological eradication (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.27-1.57; p < 0.0001), lowered the white blood cell count (MD = -2.09; 95% CI: -2.65 to -1.53; p < 0.0001), procalcitonin levels (MD = -0.49; 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.40; p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein levels (MD = -11.80; 95% CI: -15.22 to -8.39; p < 0.0001), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Scores (CPIS) (MD = -1.97; 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.26; p < 0.0001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-II score (MD = -4.08; 95% CI: -5.16 to -3.00; p < 0.0001), shortened the length of hospitalization (MD = -4.79; 95% CI: -6.18 to -3.40; p < 0.0001), and reduced the number of adverse events. TSA indicated that the response rate and microbiological eradication results were robust. Moreover, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, Lonicera japonica Thunb, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch were identified as core CHC prescription herbs. Conclusion: Compared with antibiotic treatment, CHC + antibiotic treatment was superior in improving response rate, microbiological eradication, inflammatory response, CPIS, and APACHE-II score and shortening the length of hospitalization. Association rule analysis identified four core herbs as promising candidates for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. However, large-scale clinical studies are still required. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Zhao
- Guang'Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Geng
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Shi
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yebeilei Yang
- Guang'Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Yan
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Qi
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daxing Yu
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Umam K, Feng CS, Yang G, Tu PC, Lin CY, Yang MT, Kuo TF, Yang WC, Tran Nguyen Minh H. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Mode of Action of the Anti-Bacterial Artemisia Plants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:633. [PMID: 37370564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 70,000 people die of bacterial infections worldwide annually. Antibiotics have been liberally used to treat these diseases and, consequently, antibiotic resistance and drug ineffectiveness has been generated. In this environment, new anti-bacterial compounds are being urgently sought. Around 500 Artemisia species have been identified worldwide. Most species of this genus are aromatic and have multiple functions. Research into the Artemisia plants has expanded rapidly in recent years. Herein, we aim to update and summarize recent information about the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the Artemisia plants. A literature search of articles published between 2003 to 2022 in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science databases, and KNApSAcK metabolomics databases revealed that 20 Artemisia species and 75 compounds have been documented to possess anti-bacterial functions and multiple modes of action. We focus and discuss the progress in understanding the chemistry (structure and plant species source), anti-bacterial activities, and possible mechanisms of these phytochemicals. Mechanistic studies show that terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins and others (miscellaneous group) were able to destroy cell walls and membranes in bacteria and interfere with DNA, proteins, enzymes and so on in bacteria. An overview of new anti-bacterial strategies using plant compounds and extracts is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khotibul Umam
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Biotechnology Department, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa Besar 84371, NTB, Indonesia
| | - Ching-Shan Feng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Greta Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chen Tu
- Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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11
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Gou J, Lu Y, Xie M, Tang X, Chen L, Zhao J, Li G, Wang H. Antimicrobial activity in Asterceae: The selected genera characterization and against multidrug resistance bacteria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14985. [PMID: 37151707 PMCID: PMC10161380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Asteraceae family are widely used as ethno medicines to treatment parasitic, malaria, hematemesis, pruritus, pyretic, anthelmintic, wound healing. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of Asteraceae plants antimicrobial activity. The most relevant results from the published studies are summarized and discussed. The species in genus of Artemisia, Echinacea, Centaurea, Baccharis, and Calendula showed antimicrobial activity. Most of these species are usually used as ethno medicines to treat infection, inflammation, and parasitics. The effective part or component for antimicrobial was essential oil and crude extract, and essential oil attracted more attention. It was also reported that nanoparticles coated with crude extract were effective against multidrug resistant bacteria. For multidrug resistant bacteria study, the species in Armtemisia were the most investigated, and Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most studied multidrug resistant strains. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated mainly based on the results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Few reports have been reported on minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) and its antibacterial mechanisms. According to the reported study results, some plants in Asteraceae have the potential to be developed as bacteriostatic agents and against multidrug resistant bacteria. However, most studies are still in vitro, further clinical and applied studies are needed.
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12
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Kauffmann AC, Castro VS. Phenolic Compounds in Bacterial Inactivation: A Perspective from Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040645. [PMID: 37107007 PMCID: PMC10135396 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are natural substances that are produced through the secondary metabolism of plants, fungi, and bacteria, in addition to being produced by chemical synthesis. These compounds have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, among others. In this way, Brazil represents one of the most promising countries regarding phenolic compounds since it has a heterogeneous flora, with the presence of six distinct biomes (Cerrado, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Pantanal, and Pampa). Recently, several studies have pointed to an era of antimicrobial resistance due to the unrestricted and large-scale use of antibiotics, which led to the emergence of some survival mechanisms of bacteria to these compounds. Therefore, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial action can help combat these resistant pathogens and represent a natural alternative that may be useful in animal nutrition for direct application in food and can be used in human nutrition to promote health. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) evaluate the phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties isolated from plants present in Brazil, (ii) discuss the compounds across different classes (flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, phenolic acids, and others), and (iii) address the structure-activity relationship of phenolic compounds that lead to antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Silva Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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13
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Mohammadizadeh ZN, Ahadifar M, Mobinikhaledi M, Ahadi N. The green synthesis of environmentally friendly magnetic silver complex stabilized on MnCoFe 2O 4@sodium alginate nanoparticles (MCF@S-ALG/Ag) and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37185-37196. [PMID: 36571692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles with green cover sodium alginate and Ag, MnCoFe2O4@Sodium alginate/Ag (MCF@S-ALG/Ag) MNPs were prepared by a simple and clean method from Sargassum Vulgare brown algae. The structure of these nanoparticles was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs was tested for two bacteria of gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) bacteria. The MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs showed the inhibition zone 16.32 mm for S. aureus and 12.84 mm for E. coli bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of MCF@S-ALG/Ag MNPs for both bacteria were found 20 µg/mL and 40 µg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Ahadifar
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahta Mobinikhaledi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Najmieh Ahadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, 38156-88138, Iran.
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14
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Kumar G, Kiran Tudu A. Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117187. [PMID: 36731248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for various community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications like bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. Antibiotics have been used to treat microbial infections since the introduction of penicillin in 1940. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi, including the treatment of non-microbial diseases, have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with increased virulence. Bacteria have developed several complementary mechanisms to avoid the effects of antibiotics. These mechanisms include chemical transformations and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, modification of antibiotics' target site, and reduction of intracellular antibiotics concentration by changes in membrane permeability or by the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs). The strategy to check antibiotic resistance includes synthesis of the antibiotic analogues, or antibiotics are given in combination with the adjuvant. The inhibitors of multidrug EPs are considered promising alternative therapeutic options with the potential to revive the effects of antibiotics and reduce bacterial virulence. Natural products played a vital role in drug discovery and significantly contributed to the area of infectious diseases. Also, natural products provide lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. This review discusses natural products and their derived compounds as NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Asha Kiran Tudu
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India
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15
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Wu Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Cai Y, Chu M, Dou X, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Gu M, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang X, Wu J, Wu R. Metabonomic analysis of human and 12 kinds of livestock mature milk. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100581. [PMID: 36845482 PMCID: PMC9944509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature milk, as a nutrient-rich endogenous metabolite, has various beneficial effects on the human body. In order to investigate the specific nutrients provided by different dairy products to humans, we used UHPLC-Q-TOF MS to analyze the highly significantly differentially expressed metabolites in 13 species of mammalian mature milk, which were grouped into 17 major metabolite classes with 1992 metabolites based on chemical classification. KEGG shows that 5 pathways in which differentially significant metabolites are actively involved are ABC transporters, Purine metabolism, Pyrimidine metabolism, Phosphotransferase system, Galactose metabolism. The study found that pig milk and goat milk are closer to human milk and contain more nutrients that are beneficial to human health, followed by camel milk and cow milk. In the context of dairy production, the development of goat milk is more likely to meet human needs and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinggang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Chu
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xingtang Dou
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center. Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ming Gu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanjun Qiao
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Shariati A, Arshadi M, Khosrojerdi MA, Abedinzadeh M, Ganjalishahi M, Maleki A, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025633. [PMID: 36620240 PMCID: PMC9815622 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For around three decades, the fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic ciprofloxacin has been used to treat a range of diseases, including chronic otorrhea, endocarditis, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin's main mode of action is to stop DNA replication by blocking the A subunit of DNA gyrase and having an extra impact on the substances in cell walls. Available in intravenous and oral formulations, ciprofloxacin reaches therapeutic concentrations in the majority of tissues and bodily fluids with a low possibility for side effects. Despite the outstanding qualities of this antibiotic, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have all shown an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance over time. The rise of infections that are resistant to ciprofloxacin shows that new pharmacological synergisms and derivatives are required. To this end, ciprofloxacin may be more effective against the biofilm community of microorganisms and multi-drug resistant isolates when combined with a variety of antibacterial agents, such as antibiotics from various classes, nanoparticles, natural products, bacteriophages, and photodynamic therapy. This review focuses on the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Maniya Arshadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Abedinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ganjalishahi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohsen Heidary
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Saeed Khoshnood
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17
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Dürr L, Reinhardt JK, Dobrzyński M, Hell T, Smieško M, Pertz O, Hamburger M, Garo E. A Dimerosesquiterpene and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artemisia argyi Inhibiting Oncogenic PI3K/AKT Signaling in Melanoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2557-2569. [PMID: 36351173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A library of more than 2500 plant extracts was screened for activity on oncogenic signaling in melanoma cells. The ethyl acetate extract from the aerial parts of Artemisia argyi displayed pronounced inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Active compounds were tracked with the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling, and altogether 21 active compounds were isolated, including one novel dimerosequiterpenoid (1), one new disesquiterpenoid (2), three new guaianolides (3-5), 12 known sesquiterpenoids (6-17), and four known flavonoids (19-22). A new eudesmanolide derivative (13b) was isolated as an artifact formed by methanolysis. Compound 1 is the first adduct comprising a sesquiterpene lactone and a methyl jasmonate moiety. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 3-18 were established by comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration for 2 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Guaianolide 8 was the most potent sesquiterpene lactone, inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway with an IC50 value of 8.9 ± 0.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Dürr
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob K Reinhardt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Hell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Garo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Lo MM, Benfodda Z, Dunyach-Rémy C, Bénimélis D, Roulard R, Fontaine JX, Mathiron D, Quéro A, Molinié R, Meffre P. Isolation and Identification of Flavones Responsible for the Antibacterial Activities of Tillandsia bergeri Extracts. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35851-35862. [PMID: 36249367 PMCID: PMC9557886 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants are an everlasting inspiration source of biologically active compounds. Among these medicinal plants, the biological activity of extracts from some species of the Tillandsia genus has been studied, but the phytochemistry of the hardy species Tillandsia bergeri remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to perform the first phytochemical study of T. bergeri and to identify the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity of T. bergeri extracts. Soxhlet extraction of predried and grinded leaves was first performed using four increasing polarity solvents. A bio-guided fractionation was performed using agar overlay bioautography as a screening method against 12 Gram-positive, Gram-negative, sensitive, and resistant bacterial strains. The results showed the inhibition of Gram-positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus N-SARM-1 (MRSA), and Staphylococcus caprae ATCC 35538 by the dichloromethane fraction. A phytochemical investigation led to the isolation and identification by high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance of the two flavones penduletin and viscosine, responsible for this antibacterial activity. For viscosine, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value is equal to 128 μg/mL against MSSA and is equal to 256 μg/mL against MRSA and S. caprae. The combination of these compounds with vancomycin and cloxacillin showed a decrease in MICs of the antibiotics. Penduletin showed synergistic activity when combined with vancomycin against MSSA (FICI < 0.258) and S. caprae (FICI < 0.5). Thus, unexplored Tillandsia species may represent a valuable source for potential antibiotics and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame-Marietou Lo
- UNIV.
NIMES, UPR CHROME, 5
rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UNIV.
NIMES, UPR CHROME, 5
rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Rémy
- Institut
National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1047, Montpellier University, CHU de Nîmes, Place du Pr R. Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - David Bénimélis
- UNIV.
NIMES, UPR CHROME, 5
rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR
1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation
(BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- UMR
1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation
(BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France
| | - David Mathiron
- Plateforme-Analytique, Université
de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Anthony Quéro
- UMR
1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation
(BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR
1158 Transfontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation
(BIOPI), UPJV, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens CEDEX, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UNIV.
NIMES, UPR CHROME, 5
rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes Cedex 1, France
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19
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Liang J, Huang X, Ma G. Antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of extract and components of herbs in East Asia. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29197-29213. [PMID: 36320733 PMCID: PMC9554739 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial drugs face increasing challenges due to drug resistance and adverse reactions, which has created a pressing need for the discovery and development of novel antibacterial drugs. Herbs have played an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases. This review aims to summarize, analyze and evaluate the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of components from popular herbs in East Asia. In this review, we have searched and summarized the scientific papers published during the past twenty-year period from electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. These herbs and their components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, terpenes, organic acids, coumarins and lignans, display potential antimicrobial effects. Herbal medicine formulas (HMFs) usually show stronger antibacterial activity than single herbs. Herbs and HMFs bring forth antibacterial activities by damaging cell membranes and walls, inhibiting nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and increasing intracellular osmotic pressure. These herbs and their components can be developed as potential and promising novel antibacterial herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China +86-21-5198-0025
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China +86-21-5198-0025
| | - Guo Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 China +86-21-5198-0025
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20
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Weng X, Zhao B, Li R, Li Q, Zhang A. Cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. polysaccharide CARP2 as an adjuvant for influenza vaccines to prolong immune responses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:713-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Lin H, Hu J, Mei F, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen Q, Wang C, Fu J, Yang M, Wen Z, Wang X, Qi J, Han H, Yang R, Yang Y. Anti-microbial efficacy, mechanisms and druggability evaluation of the natural flavonoids. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1975-1988. [PMID: 35801665 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to evaluate thirty-five natural flavonoids for their in vitro susceptibility against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 530) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) in search for the potential broad-spectrum antibiotic. METHODS AND RESULTS Glabridin, a natural isoflavonoids isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., was identified to be highly active with MIC of 8-16 μg mL-1 against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli. By the results of docking simulation, we located the potential targets of glabridin as DNA gyrase and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The subsequent DNA gyrase inhibition assays (glabridin: IC50 = 0.8516 μmol L-1 , ciprofloxacin: IC50 = 0.04697 μmol L-1 ), DHFR inhibition assays (glabridin: inhibition ratio=29%, methotrexate: inhibition ratio=45% under 100 μmol L-1 treatment) and TUNEL confirmed that glabridin acted as DNA gyrase inhibitor and DHFR mild inhibitor, exerting bactericidal activity by blocking bacterial nucleic acid synthesis. CCK-8 and in silico calculations were also conducted to verify the low cytotoxicity and acceptable druggability of glabridin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that glabridin represents the prototypical member of an exciting structural class of natural antimicrobial agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports a novel mechanism of bactericidal activity of glabridin against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Song L, Hu X, Ren X, Liu J, Liu X. Antibacterial Modes of Herbal Flavonoids Combat Resistant Bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873374. [PMID: 35847042 PMCID: PMC9278433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing dissemination of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections endangers global public health. How to develop effective antibacterial agents against resistant bacteria is becoming one of the most urgent demands to solve the drug resistance crisis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multi-target antibacterial actions are emerging as an effective way to combat the antibacterial resistance. Based on the innovative concept of organic wholeness and syndrome differentiation, TCM use in antibacterial therapies is encouraging. Herein, advances on flavonoid compounds of heat-clearing Chinese medicine exhibit their potential for the therapy of resistant bacteria. In this review, we focus on the antibacterial modes of herbal flavonoids. Additionally, we overview the targets of flavonoid compounds and divide them into direct-acting antibacterial compounds (DACs) and host-acting antibacterial compounds (HACs) based on their modes of action. We also discuss the associated functional groups of flavonoid compounds and highlight recent pharmacological activities against diverse resistant bacteria to provide the candidate drugs for the clinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Song
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Beijing Traditional Chinese Veterinary Engineering Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Changping, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoye Liu,
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23
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Nasseri S, Delnavazi MR, Shirazi FH, Mojab F. Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e126917. [PMID: 36060921 PMCID: PMC9420210 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic activity of crude extract and fractions (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and n-butanol) of Artemisia haussknechtii aerial parts was investigated by MTT assay. Dichloromethane fraction showed the highest cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell line (IC50 = 297.17 ± 7.99 µg/mL). Phytochemical analysis of the most effective fraction was carried out using normal phase column chromatography (CC) to get eight sub-fractions (A-H). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for further purification. Four known compounds with cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines were isolated from the most active fraction, including 5-Hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone (eupatilin 7-methyl ether), 5-hydroxy 3,3',4',6,7-pentamethoxy-flavone (artemetin), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (scopoletin), and methyl caffeate. Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was done using spectroscopic techniques, including ESIMS and 1D-NMR (1H and 13C). Cytotoxic activity of A. haussknechtii is probably due to coumarin and flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Nasseri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad H. Shirazi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Mojab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188200061, Fax: +98-2188 65250,
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24
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Janz J, Shayya NW, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Absinthe against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens? A recent update on the antibacterial effects of Artemisia compounds. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 12:31-38. [PMID: 35471952 PMCID: PMC9630932 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2022.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread misuse of antibiotics leads to a rapid development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens all over the globe, resulting in serious difficulties when treating infectious diseases. Possible solutions are not limited to the development of novel synthetic antibiotics but extend to application of plant-derived products either alone or in combination with common antibiotics. The aim of this actual review was to survey the literature from the past 10 years regarding the antibacterial effects of distinct Artemisia species including Artemisia absinthiae constituting an integral component of the Absinthe drink. We further explored the synergistic antibacterial effects of the Artemisia plant products with established antibiotics. The survey portrays the Artemisia derived compounds as potent antibacterial agents that can even restore the efficacy of antibiotics against MDR bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR Escherichia coli. This, in turn, is presumably triggered in part by the interaction of the Artemisia ingredients with the efflux pumps of MDR bacteria. In conclusion, biologically active molecules in Artemisia plants enhance the antibiotic susceptibility of resistant bacteria, which provide promising future therapeutic strategies to combat MDR bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Janz
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nizar W. Shayya
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Tan Z, Deng J, Ye Q, Zhang Z. The antibacterial activity of natural-derived flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1009-1019. [PMID: 35189804 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220221110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a wide variety of phenolic secondary metabolites, are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds. Flavonoids could exert antibacterial activity via damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting energy metabolism, and inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids, so flavonoids are considered constitutive antibacterial substances. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural-derived flavonoids, including flavonoid glycosides with antibacterial potential to provide novel antibacterial lead hits/candidates, covering articles published between January 2016 and July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Tan
- Guangdong Xianqiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiongxian Ye
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
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26
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Oh SY, Hyun CG. Chrysoeriol Enhances Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells Through the Modulation of the MAPK, AKT, PKA, and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211069204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysoeriol is a 3′-O-methoxy flavone, chemically a derivative of luteolin, which is commonly found across the plant kingdom. Chrysoeriol is of great scientific interest because of its promising anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidative, anti-lipase, anti-xanthin oxidase, and antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens; however, its effects on melanogenesis have not yet been elucidated. Here, we report a novel effect of chrysoeriol on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Chrysoeriol treatment significantly increased the expression of the melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase (TRY), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 and upregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, chrysoeriol suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, chrysoeriol treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, β-catenin, and protein kinase A (PKA) and decreased the production of β-catenin, which is involved in the transcriptional activation of MITF in melanogenesis. Finally, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of chrysoeriol and its derivatives, including luteolin and apigenin, with regard to their melanin inhibitory activity was also investigated; we identified the significance of the 4′-OH group and C-3′ methoxylation in melanogenesis. Together, these findings indicate that chrysoeriol promotes melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes through the MAPK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; thus, chrysoeriol may be used as a cosmetic ingredient to promote melanogenesis or as a therapeutic agent against hypopigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Oh
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Hyun
- Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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27
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Flavonoids as Inhibitors of Bacterial Efflux Pumps. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226904. [PMID: 34833994 PMCID: PMC8625893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely occurring secondary plant constituents, and are abundant in vegetable and fruit diets as well as herbal medicines. Therapeutic treatment options for bacterial infections are limited due to the spread of antimicrobial resistances. Hence, in a number of studies during the last few years, different classes of plant secondary metabolites as resistance-modifying agents have been carried out. In this review, we present the role of flavonoids as inhibitors of bacterial efflux pumps. Active compounds could be identified in the subclasses of chalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavonolignans and isoflavones; by far the majority of compounds were aglycones, although some glycosides like kaempferol glycosides with p-coumaroyl acylation showed remarkable results. Staphylococcus aureus NorA pump was the focus of many studies, followed by mycobacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are still under-investigated.
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28
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Xiao CY, Sun ZL, Huang J, Li RS, He JM, Gibbons S, Ju DW, Mu Q. Neolignans from Piper betle Have Synergistic Activity against Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11072-11085. [PMID: 33439020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of an extract of the leaves of Piper betle, guided by a synergistic antibacterial screen, led to the isolation and structural elucidation of 10 new neolignans, Pibeneolignan A-J (1-10), together with 11 known compounds. The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and experimental and calculated ECD investigations. Compounds 1 and 2 are new naturally occurring neolignan skeletons, based on the cyclohept-2-ene-1,4-dione framework. We propose that these natural products are biosynthetically formed from bicyclic [3.2.1] neolignans by oxidative cleavage and ring opening at C-1' and C-2'. Among these compounds, 9, 13, 15, and 16, in combination with norfloxacin against an effluxing S. aureus strain (SA1199B), exhibited significant synergistic activity with fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of 0.078, 0.156, 0.125, and 0.25, respectively. Bacterial growth curves, ethidium bromide (EtBr) efflux, and qRt-PCR were further employed to verify their synergistic antibacterial mechanism. Furthermore, computational molecular modeling suggested the binding of compounds 14-17 and 19 to the active site of the modeled structure of the NorA efflux pump, which is the main efflux pump in SA1199B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yun Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Ming He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Simon Gibbons
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Dian-Wen Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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Septama AW, Rahmi EP, Antika LD, Dewi RT, Jaisi A. A synergy interaction of artocarpin and tetracycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism of action on membrane permeability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:57-63. [PMID: 34105319 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibacterial resistance has significantly increased. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with nosocomial infection and difficult to control. Artocarpin, a flavonoid from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. exhibits several pharmacological properties including antibacterial. The study was performed to evaluate interaction between artocarpin and antibiotics including tetracycline against P. aeruginosa. Its mechanism of action on membrane permeability was also investigated. Broth microdilution was conducted for the susceptibility assay. The interaction of artocarpin and antibiotics was evaluated using checkerboard method, the effect on alteration of membrane cell was investigated using bacteriolysis and the released of 260 nm materials. Artocarpin showed moderate to weak activity against the Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa with MIC values in the range of 31.25-250 μg/mL. A synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa was produced by the combination of artocarpin (31.25 μg/mL) and tetracycline (1.95 μg/mL) with FICI of 0.37. The time-killing assay showed that artocarpin enhance the antibacterial activity of tetracycline against P. aeruginosa by completely inhibiting the bacterial growth. Additionally, the mixture of artocarpin (31.25 μg/mL) and tetracycline (1.95 μg/mL) disrupted membrane permeability and lead to cell death. These results proposed that the combination of artocarpin and tetracycline may be used to overcome P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Eldiza Puji Rahmi
- Faculty of Medicine, UPN Veteran Jakarta, Jl. Rs. Fatmawati, Pondok Labu, Jakarta Selatan, 12450, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Rizna Triana Dewi
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Amit Jaisi
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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30
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Şöhretoğlu D, Barut B, Sari S, Özel A, Arroo R. In vitro and in silico assessment of DNA interaction, topoisomerase I and II inhibition properties of chrysosplenetin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1053-1059. [PMID: 32673727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chrysosplenetin is a methoxyflavone with reported anti-cancer effect. We tested its cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, and determined its effect on DNA intercalation and on the activity of topoisomerases I and II. The compound inhibited proliferation MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 0.29 μM. Chrysosplenetin did not initiate plasmid DNA cleavage but, in a concentration-dependent manner, protected plasmid DNA against damage induced by Fenton reagents. Furthermore, it possessed dual Topoisomerase I and II inhibitory properties. Especially, it inhibited topoisomerase II by 83-96% between the range 12.5-100 μM. In the light of these experimental findings, molecular docking studies were performed to understand binding mode, interactions and affinity of chrysosplenetin with DNA, and with topoisomerases I and II. These studies showed that of 4-chromone core and the hydroxyl and methoxy groups important for both intercalation with DNA and topoisomerase I and II inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey; Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Randolph Arroo
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
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