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Fontani F, Boano R, Cinti A, Demarchi B, Sandron S, Rampelli S, Candela M, Traversari M, Latorre A, Iacovera R, Abondio P, Sarno S, Mackie M, Collins M, Radini A, Milani C, Petrella E, Giampalma E, Minelli A, Larocca F, Cilli E, Luiselli D. Bioarchaeological and paleogenomic profiling of the unusual Neolithic burial from Grotta di Pietra Sant'Angelo (Calabria, Italy). Sci Rep 2023; 13:11978. [PMID: 37488251 PMCID: PMC10366206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neolithic burial of Grotta di Pietra Sant'Angelo (CS) represents a unique archaeological finding for the prehistory of Southern Italy. The unusual placement of the inhumation at a rather high altitude and far from inhabited areas, the lack of funerary equipment and the prone deposition of the body find limited similarities in coeval Italian sites. These elements have prompted wider questions on mortuary customs during the prehistory of Southern Italy. This atypical case requires an interdisciplinary approach aimed to build an integrated bioarchaeological profile of the individual. The paleopathological investigation of the skeletal remains revealed the presence of numerous markers that could be associated with craft activities, suggesting possible interpretations of the individual's lifestyle. CT analyses, carried out on the maxillary bones, showed the presence of a peculiar type of dental wear, but also a good density of the bone matrix. Biomolecular and micromorphological analyses of dental calculus highlight the presence of a rich Neolithic-like oral microbiome, the composition of which is consistent with the presence pathologies. Finally, paleogenomic data obtained from the individual were compared with ancient and modern Mediterranean populations, including unpublished high-resolution genome-wide data for 20 modern inhabitants of the nearby village of San Lorenzo Bellizzi, which provided interesting insights into the biodemographic landscape of the Neolithic in Southern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fontani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Rosa Boano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cinti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Demarchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Sarah Sandron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mirko Traversari
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Adriana Latorre
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rocco Iacovera
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Meaghan Mackie
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, København, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, København, Denmark
- School of Archeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew Collins
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, København, Denmark
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Anita Radini
- School of Archeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chantal Milani
- SIOF - Italian Society of Forensic Odontology, Strada Degli Schiocchi 12, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Petrella
- Radiology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Emanuela Giampalma
- Radiology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Antonella Minelli
- Department of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Felice Larocca
- Speleo-Archaeological Research Group, University of Bari, Piazza Umberto I 1, 70121, Bari, Italy
- Speleo-Archaeological Research Centre "Enzo dei Medici", Via Lucania 3, 87070, Roseto Capo Spulico (CS), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cilli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Degli Ariani 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy.
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Charles K, Abraham A, Bassi R, Elsadek R, Cockey G. A Rare Case of Bartonella henselae Infective Endocarditis Causing an Embolic Cerebrovascular Accident. Cureus 2023; 15:e41364. [PMID: 37546133 PMCID: PMC10399704 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bartonella is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative aerobic rod that is an important cause of culture-negative endocarditis that only accounts for 3% of all infective endocarditis (IE) cases. Throughout the literature, there have been very few documented cases of an embolic stroke caused by Bartonella henselae (B. henselae) IE. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, it appears that only a small number of articles have reported on the correlation between cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) and Bartonella IE. Here, we present a case of a 42-year-old male with a cerebral embolic event as a complication of B. henselae IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipson Charles
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education/Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, USA
| | - Andrew Abraham
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education/Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, USA
| | - Raghav Bassi
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education/Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, USA
| | - Rabab Elsadek
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education/Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, USA
| | - George Cockey
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Graduate Medical Education/Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, North Florida Hospital, Gainesville, USA
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Zacarías Mendoza NV, Gamarra Valverde NN, Robles Velarde VJ. Challenges and Insights in Aggregatibacter aphrophilus endocarditis: a review of literature. ARCHIVOS PERUANOS DE CARDIOLOGIA Y CIRUGIA CARDIOVASCULAR 2023; 4:102-108. [PMID: 38046225 PMCID: PMC10688407 DOI: 10.47487/apcyccv.v4i3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a serious disease associated with high mortality despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a fastidious Gram-negative member of the HACEK organisms (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae). A. aphrophilus is associated with dental infections but has also been implicated in cases of infective endocarditis. We highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in symptomatic patients with an initial negative blood culture, particularly in high-risk groups such as patients with congenital valve disease and prosthetic valve. The knowledge of this rare entity may lead to early diagnosis and appropriate management. We review the main characteristics of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus endocarditis reported in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Victoria Zacarías Mendoza
- Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú.Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaFacultad de Medicina Alberto HurtadoUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
| | - Norma Nicole Gamarra Valverde
- Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Perú.Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaFacultad de Medicina Alberto HurtadoUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
| | - Víctor Justo Robles Velarde
- Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología. Lima, Perú.Servicio de Cirugía CardiovascularInstituto Nacional de CardiologíaLimaPerú
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Guo X, Zhang X, Qin Y, Liu H, Wang X. Endocarditis due to Aggregatibacter Segnis: a rare case report. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:309. [PMID: 37158846 PMCID: PMC10169330 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of the HACEK group, Aggregatibacter segnis (A. segnis) is a fastidious Gram-negative coccobacillus that resides in the human oropharyngeal flora. Infective endocarditis caused by A. segnis is rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 31-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for a 3-month history of intermittent high fever, chills, and chest distress. On presentation, he was febrile and tachycardic but otherwise with stable vital signs. Physical examination revealed systolic murmurs in the aortic and mitral valve areas. Pitting edema was evident in the lower extremities. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated multiple vegetations in the mitral and aortic valves. Severe regurgitation of the aortic valve and left heart dysfunction were also detected. With the suspicion of infective endocarditis and heart failure, we immediately performed microbiological tests and arranged the cardiac replacement surgery. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified A. segnis from the bloodstream. While the surgical specimen culture was negative, the mNGS was positive for A. segnis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone for four weeks and discharged. He remained clinically well, with laboratory results restored. CONCLUSION This is the first report of A. segnis infective endocarditis that combined MALDI-TOF and metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis. The hypothesis-independent molecular techniques can outperform conventional tools to prevent diagnostic delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Medical College, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Medical College, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Medical College, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Medical College, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Anis E, Kattoor JJ, Greening SS, Jones L, Wilkes RP. Investigation of the pathogens contributing to naturally occurring outbreaks of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pinkeye) using Next Generation Sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109752. [PMID: 37104939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), commonly known as pinkeye, has a marked negative impact on the economy of the cattle industry. Moraxella species, including Mor. bovis and Mor. bovoculi, which have been associated with this disease, colonize clinically healthy eyes as well, suggesting that there are intrinsic changes that may occur to the ocular microbiota or the involvement of additional unrecognized organisms that contribute to IBK. To evaluate this, 104 ocular swabs collected from eyes with IBK or clinically healthy eyes from 16 different cattle herds were subjected to 16 S rRNA gene PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. Organisms detected were similar across the herds and there was no difference in the total number of bacterial groups detected among IBK cases and controls. However, the percentages of the different organisms detected varied between the two groups, including Moraxella spp., with more Moraxella spp. in eyes with IBK than controls. Further, using culture and whole genome NGS, a new species of Moraxella (suggested name Mor. oculobovii) was detected from the eyes of cattle from two farms. This strain is non-hemolytic on blood agar, is missing the RTX operon, and is likely a non-pathogenic strain of the bovine ocular microbiome. Alteration of the ocular microbiota composition may have a predisposing role, enhancing bacterial infection and the occurrence of clinical IBK. Future studies are required to evaluate if these changes are permanent or if there is a shift in the microbiome following recovery from the infection and how antibiotics might affect the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Anis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Jobin J Kattoor
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, 406 S University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sabrina S Greening
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - Lee Jones
- Food Animal Health Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 43 Brighton Rd., Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Rebeca P Wilkes
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, 406 S University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Kitagawa I, Ono R, Tobe S, Nagatsuka M. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis associated with cerebral, renal, and splenic infarctions: A case report and review of the literature. IDCases 2023; 31:e01655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Mougeot JLC, Beckman M, Paster BJ, Lockhart PB, Bahrani Mougeot F. Oral microbiomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE): a comparative pilot study of IE patients, patients at risk for IE and healthy controls. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2144614. [DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2144614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc C. Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Micaela Beckman
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter B. Lockhart
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Farah Bahrani Mougeot
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Oral Medicine/ Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Cannon Research Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Heath, Charlotte, NC, USA
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Shair K, Mirzan H, Chirila R. 49-Year-Old Man With Fever, Night Sweats, Palpitations, and Shortness of Breath. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:193-199. [PMID: 36603948 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shair
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Haares Mirzan
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Razvan Chirila
- Advisor to residents and Consultant in General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.
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In Vitro Selection of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains for the Management of Oral Pathobiont Infections Associated to Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416163. [PMID: 36555802 PMCID: PMC9787750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral pathobionts Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans, in dysbiosis-promoting conditions, lead to oral infections, which also represent a threat to human systemic health. This scenario may be worsened by antibiotic misuse, which favours multi-drug resistance, making the research on pathogen containment strategies more than crucial. Therefore, we aimed to in vitro select the most promising probiotic strains against oral pathogen growth, viability, biofilm formation, and co-aggregation capacity, employing both the viable probiotics and their cell-free supernatants (CFSs). Interestingly, we also assessed probiotic efficacy against the three-pathogen co-culture, mimicking an environment similar to that in vivo. Overall, the results showed that Lactobacillus CFSs performed better than the Bifidobacterium, highlighting Limosilactobacillus reuteri LRE11, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR04, Lacticaseibacillus casei LC04, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF26 as the most effective strains, opening the chance to deeper investigation of their action and CFS composition. Altogether, the methodologies presented in this study can be used for probiotic efficacy screenings, in order to better focus the research on a viable probiotic, or on its postbiotics, suitable in case of infections.
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Dähler R, Brugger SD, Frank M, Greutmann M, Sromicki J, Marques-Maggio E, Imkamp F, Bauernschmitt R, Carrel T, Zinkernagel AS, Hasse B. A retrospective analysis of blood culture-negative endocarditis at a tertiary care centre in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2022; 152:40012. [PMID: 36534966 DOI: 10.57187/smw.2022.40016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY Numerous studies from different countries have contributed to an improved understanding of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis. However, little is known about its epidemiology and microbiology in Switzerland. We aimed to assess the epidemiology and microbiology of blood culture-negative endocarditis at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. METHODS We screened all patients hospitalised between 1997 and 2020 with possible or definite endocarditis at our institution. Thereof, we identified all cases with blood culture-negative endocarditis and retrospectively retrieved patient characteristics, microbiological, histopathological, radiographic and surgical data from medical records. RESULTS Among 861 patients screened, 66 (7.7%) cases of blood culture-negative endocarditis were identified. Thereof, 31 cases could be microbiologically documented or not documented (n = 30), and in five cases a non-infectious aetiology was confirmed. Endocarditis predominantly affected men (77%) and the left heart (79%); predisposing factors were prosthetic valves (42%), congenital heart disease (35%) and prior endocarditis (14%). The most common reasons for negative blood cultures were antibiotic treatment prior to blood culture sampling (35%), fastidious and slow growing microorganisms (30%) and definite non-infective endocarditis (8%). Coxiella burnetii and Bartonella spp. were the most common fastidious bacteria identified. In addition to serology, identification of causative microorganisms was possible by microbiological and/or histopathological analysis of tissue samples, of which polymerase chain reaction testing (PCR) of the 16S ribosomal RNA proved to be most successful. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a detailed analysis of blood culture-negative endocarditis over a time span of more than 20 years in Zurich, Switzerland. Antibiotic treatment prior to blood collection, and fastidious and slow growing organisms were identified as main reasons for sterile blood cultures. Typical culture-negative bacteria were mainly found by PCR and/or culture of tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dähler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Frank
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Greutmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juri Sromicki
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ewerton Marques-Maggio
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Imkamp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Bauernschmitt
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Carrel
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hasse
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122597. [PMID: 36559091 PMCID: PMC9784355 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (EMNs) are attracting the attention of scientists more and more every year. These formations are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, among which, of course, the leading role is occupied by infectious diseases, the causative agents of which are a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A separate field for the study of the role of EMN is cancer. Extracellular membrane nanovesicles nowadays have a practical application as vaccine carriers for immunization against many infectious diseases. At present, the most essential point is their role in stimulating immune response to bacterial infections and tumor cells. The possibility of nanovesicles' practical use in several disease treatments is being evaluated. In our review, we listed diseases, focusing on their multitude and diversity, for which EMNs are essential, and also considered in detail the possibilities of using EMNs in the therapy and prevention of various pathologies.
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Lopez-de-Andres A, Jimenez-Garcia R, Hernández-Barrera V, de-Miguel-Díez J, de-Miguel-Yanes JM, Martinez-Hernandez D, Carabantes-Alarcon D, Zamorano-Leon JJ, Noriega C. Sex-related disparities in the incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis according to type 2 diabetes mellitus status in Spain, 2016-2020. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:198. [PMID: 36180922 PMCID: PMC9524731 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a study to assess sex-differences in incidence (2016-2020), clinical characteristics, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) according to T2DM status. METHODS Ours was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. We estimated the incidence of hospitalizations for IE in men and women aged ≥ 40 years with and without T2DM. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariable logistic regression were used to compare subgroups according to sex and the presence of T2DM. RESULTS From 2016 to 2020, IE was coded in 9,958 patients (66.79% men). T2DM was diagnosed in 2,668 (26.79%). The incidence of IE increased significantly from 15.29 cases per 100,000 persons with T2DM in 2016 to 17.69 in 2020 (p < 0.001). However, this increment was significant only among men with T2DM (19.47 cases per 100,000 in 2016 vs. 22.84 in 2020; p = 0.003). The age-adjusted incidence of IE was significantly higher in people with T2DM (both sexes) than in those without T2DM (IRR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.74-2.99). The incidence of IE was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM (adjusted IRR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.54-3.31). After PSM, in-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher among T2DM women than matched T2DM men (22.65% vs. 18.0%; p = 0.018). The presence of T2DM was not associated with IHM in men or women. CONCLUSIONS T2DM is associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for IE. Findings for T2DM patients who had experienced IE differed by sex, with higher incidence rates and lower IHM in men than in women. T2DM was not associated to IHM in IE in men or in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-de-Andres
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Valentin Hernández-Barrera
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier de-Miguel-Díez
- Respiratory Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M de-Miguel-Yanes
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General, Universitario Gregorio MarañónUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martinez-Hernandez
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carabantes-Alarcon
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J Zamorano-Leon
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Noriega
- Department of Nursery and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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13
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Khaledi M, Sameni F, Afkhami H, Hemmati J, Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A, Sanae MJ, Validi M. Infective endocarditis by HACEK: a review. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:185. [PMID: 35986339 PMCID: PMC9389832 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe disease that is still associated with high mortality despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. HACEK organisms (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae) are gram-negative bacteria that are part of the normal flora of the mouth and upper respiratory tract in humans. These organisms cause a wide range of infections, of which IE is one of the most notable. In order to control and prevent endocarditis caused by HACEK, measures such as oral hygiene and the use of prophylactic drugs should be used for people at risk, including people with underlying heart disease and people with artificial valves. This review is a summary of the main aspects of IE focusing on HACEK organisms.
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14
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Radovanovic M, Marthaler BR, Nordstrom CW, Petrovic M, Dumic I, Barsoum MK. Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis incidentally diagnosed following an aortic valve replacement surgery. IDCases 2022; 29:e01529. [PMID: 35693329 PMCID: PMC9184553 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiobacterum hominis (C. hominis) is the part of the HACEK group (Haemophilus spp, Actinobacillus spp, C. hominis, Eikenella, and Kingella spp) that accounts for the majority of the Gram-negative infective endocarditis cases. Historically, the fastidious characteristics of these microorganisms proved challenging to many clinicians. Advances in microbiological identification of culture-negative endocarditis; however, may be the reason for the rising incidence of these infections. Here, we report an incidentally diagnosed C. hominis endocarditis following an aortic valve replacement. Case report A healthy 54-year-old gentleman presented after several months of generalized weakness and exertional intolerance. He was found to have a bicuspid aortic valve with regurgitation and underwent aortic valve replacement surgery. Intraoperatively, the patient was found to have a large perforation of the fused leaflet associated with abnormal pink tissue in the aortic valve area. The aortic valve tissue was cultured. Gram-negative rods were isolated 48 h later and were ultimately identified as C. hominis. He was successfully treated with 6 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone with sterile blood cultures throughout the hospital stay. In retrospect, the patient’s valve failure was likely secondary to subacute endocarditis from C. hominis complicated by leaflet perforation. Conclusion C. hominis is a rare cause of infective endocarditis with an excellent prognosis when timely diagnosed and managed. By reporting this case, we wish to raise awareness of potential asymptomatic infection, particularly amongst patients with underlying native valve abnormalities, new leaflet perforation, and valve insufficiency.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) cause between 1% and 10% of infective endocarditis (IE). Most episodes are caused by microorganisms of the Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp. Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella spp., and Kingella spp (HACEK) group. The frequency of IE caused by non-HACEK (GNB-IE) has increased in recent years. Uncertainties persist regarding its best medical treatment and the appropriateness and timing of surgical treatment. In addition, there are new drugs with activity against multiresistant microorganisms, of which there is little experience in this disease. We review this topic by answering the most frequently asked questions that arise among our colleagues. RECENT FINDINGS HACEK microorganisms cause 1.5-2% of IE with only a 2% mortality. In contrast, non-HACEK GNB-IE accounts for 2.5-3% of all IE cases and is associated with nosocomial acquisition, advanced age, solid organ transplantation and 20-30% mortality. Drug addiction is important in areas with epidemic opioid abuse. SUMMARY The frequency of IE caused by GNB has been modified in recent years. HACEK episodes are no longer treated with ampicillin and aminoglycosides. In non-HACEK GNB-IE, combination therapy with a beta-lactam and a quinolone or aminoglycoside is recommended. The surgical indication and its value are evident in many patients. Management should rely on a collaborative group with experience in this disease.
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Barlow JT, Leite G, Romano AE, Sedighi R, Chang C, Celly S, Rezaie A, Mathur R, Pimentel M, Ismagilov RF. Quantitative sequencing clarifies the role of disruptor taxa, oral microbiota, and strict anaerobes in the human small-intestine microbiome. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:214. [PMID: 34724979 PMCID: PMC8561862 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and abdominal pain afflict between 12 and 30% of the worldwide population and research suggests these conditions are linked to the gut microbiome. Although large-intestine microbiota have been linked to several GI diseases, the microbiota of the human small intestine and its relation to human disease has been understudied. The small intestine is the major site for immune surveillance in the gut, and compared with the large intestine, it has greater than 100 times the surface area and a thinner and more permeable mucus layer. RESULTS Using quantitative sequencing, we evaluated total and taxon-specific absolute microbial loads from 250 duodenal-aspirate samples and 21 paired duodenum-saliva samples from participants in the REIMAGINE study. Log-transformed total microbial loads spanned 5 logs and were normally distributed. Paired saliva-duodenum samples suggested potential transmission of oral microbes to the duodenum, including organisms from the HACEK group. Several taxa, including Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterococcus, and Clostridium, seemed to displace strict anaerobes common in the duodenum, so we refer to these taxa as disruptors. Disruptor taxa were enriched in samples with high total microbial loads and in individuals with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Absolute loads of disruptors were associated with more severe GI symptoms, highlighting the value of absolute taxon quantification when studying small-intestine health and function. CONCLUSION This study provides the largest dataset of the absolute abundance of microbiota from the human duodenum to date. The results reveal a clear relationship between the oral microbiota and the duodenal microbiota and suggest an association between the absolute abundance of disruptor taxa, SIBO, and the prevalence of severe GI symptoms. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Barlow
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Anna E. Romano
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Rashin Sedighi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Christine Chang
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Shreya Celly
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Rustem F. Ismagilov
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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Levine M, Lohinai ZM. Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112360. [PMID: 34072136 PMCID: PMC8198195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common, bacterially mediated health problem worldwide. Mastication (chewing) repeatedly traumatizes the gingiva and periodontium, causing traces of inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), to appear in crevices between the teeth and gingiva. Inadequate tooth cleaning causes a dentally adherent microbial biofilm composed of commensal salivary bacteria to appear around these crevices where many bacteria grow better on GCF than in saliva. We reported that lysine decarboxylase (Ldc) from Eikenella corrodens depletes the GCF of lysine by converting it to cadaverine and carbon dioxide. Lysine is an amino acid essential for the integrity and continuous renewal of dentally attached epithelium acting as a barrier to microbial products. Unless removed regularly by oral hygiene, bacterial products invade the lysine-deprived dental attachment where they stimulate inflammation that enhances GCF exudation. Cadaverine increases and supports the development of a butyrate-producing microbiome that utilizes the increased GCF substrates to slowly destroy the periodontium (dysbiosis). A long-standing paradox is that acid-induced Ldc and butyrate production support a commensal (probiotic) microbiome in the intestine. Here, we describe how the different physiologies of the respective tissues explain how the different Ldc and butyrate functions impact the progression and control of these two chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Levine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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Bläckberg A, Morenius C, Olaison L, Berge A, Rasmussen M. Infective endocarditis caused by HACEK group bacteria-a registry-based comparative study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:1919-1924. [PMID: 33852103 PMCID: PMC8346386 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by bacteria within Haemophilus (excluding Haemophilus influenzae), Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella (HACEK) is rare. This study aimed to describe clinical features of IE caused by HACEK genera in comparison with IE due to other pathogens. Cases of IE due to HACEK were identified through the Swedish Registry of Infective Endocarditis (SRIE). Clinical characteristics of IE cases caused by HACEK were compared with cases of IE due to other pathogens reported to the same registry. Ninety-six patients with IE caused by HACEK were identified, and this corresponds to 1.8% of all IE cases. Eighty-three cases were definite endocarditis, and the mortality rate was 2%. The median age was 63 years, which was lower compared to patients with IE caused by other pathogens (66, 70 and 73 years respectively, p ≤ 0.01). Patients with IE caused by Haemophilus were younger compared to patients with IE due to Aggregatibacter (47 vs 67 years, p ≤ 0.001). Patients with IE due to HACEK exhibited longer duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization and had more prosthetic valve endocarditis compared to patients with IE due to Staphylococcus aureus (10 vs 2 days, p ≤ 0.001, and 35 vs 14%, p ≤ 0.001). This is, to date, the largest study on IE due to HACEK. Aggregatibacter was the most common cause of IE within the group. The condition has a subacute onset and often strikes in patients with prosthetic valves, and the mortality rate is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bläckberg
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, BMC B14, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Christian Morenius
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, BMC B14, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Olaison
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Berge
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, BMC B14, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Kingella kingae Intrauterine Infection: An Unusual Cause of Chorioamnionitis and Miscarriage in a Patient with Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020243. [PMID: 33557386 PMCID: PMC7914692 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kingella kingae is a Gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the Neisseriaceae family. In children less than 4 years old, K. kingae invasive infection can induce septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, and more rarely endocarditis, meningitis, ocular infections, and pneumonia. In adults, it may be a cause of endocarditis. To date, K. kingae acute chorioamnionitis (AC) leading to preterm rupture of membranes (PPROM) and miscarriage has never been reported. Herein, we describe a case of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) at 22 weeks’ gestation due to K. kingae infection occurred in a patient affected by undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) in lupus erythematosus systemic (LES) evolution with severe neutropenia. K. kingae was isolated in placental subamnionic swab and tissue cultures as well as fetal ear, nose, and pharyngeal swabs. Placental histological examination showed necrotizing AC and funisitis. In the fetus, neutrophils were observed within the alveoli and in the gastrointestinal lumen. Maternal medical treatment for UCTD was modified according to the K. kingae invasive infection. In the event of IUFD due to AC, microbiological cultures on placenta and fetal tissues should always be carried out in order to isolate the etiologic agent and target the correct medical treatment.
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21
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Desch A, Freifrau von Maltzahn N, Stumpp N, Dalton M, Yang I, Stiesch M. Biofilm formation on zirconia and titanium over time-An in vivo model study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:865-880. [PMID: 32583509 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate volume, vitality and diversity of biofilms on the abutment materials zirconia and titanium as a function of time using an in vivo model for the biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The development of biofilms on zirconia and titanium grade 4 test specimens in the human oral cavity over time was analysed. After pretreatment, a total of 96 titanium and 96 zirconia discs were fixed on 12 composite splints, which were worn by 12 volunteers. After 6 hr, 24 hr, 3 days and 5 days, biofilms on 48 specimens of each material were analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The microbiota composition on the other 48 test specimens was examined using full-length 16S sequence analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS and R, and level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of the biofilms revealed significant changes in volume over time on zirconia and titanium. The material did not significantly influence the volume or live/dead ratio at the individual time points. The composition of the microbiome was influenced by the age of the biofilm, but not by the material of the test specimen. The most frequently found bacteria were Streptococcus spp., followed by Neisseria spp., Rothia spp., Haemophilus spp., Gemella spp. and Abiotrophia spp. CONCLUSIONS On both materials, the quantity and diversity of the microbiome increased over time. Apart from a slight difference in Veillonella abundance at one time point, there were no significant differences between zirconia and titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Desch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Nico Stumpp
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marly Dalton
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Yang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Quan TP, Muller-Pebody B, Fawcett N, Young BC, Minaji M, Sandoe J, Hopkins S, Crook D, Peto T, Johnson AP, Walker AS. Investigation of the impact of the NICE guidelines regarding antibiotic prophylaxis during invasive dental procedures on the incidence of infective endocarditis in England: an electronic health records study. BMC Med 2020; 18:84. [PMID: 32238164 PMCID: PMC7114779 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is an uncommon but serious infection, where evidence for giving antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures is inconclusive. In England, antibiotic prophylaxis was offered routinely to patients at risk of infective endocarditis until March 2008, when new guidelines aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use were issued. We investigated whether changes in infective endocarditis incidence could be detected using electronic health records, assessing the impact of inclusion criteria/statistical model choice on inferences about the timing/type of any change. METHODS Using national data from Hospital Episode Statistics covering 1998-2017, we modelled trends in infective endocarditis incidence using three different sets of inclusion criteria plus a range of regression models, identifying the most likely date for a change in trends if evidence for one existed. We also modelled trends in the proportions of different organism groups identified during infection episodes, using secondary diagnosis codes and data from national laboratory records. Lastly, we applied non-parametric local smoothing to visually inspect any changes in trend around the guideline change date. RESULTS Infective endocarditis incidence increased markedly over the study (22.2-41.3 per million population in 1998 to 42.0-67.7 in 2017 depending on inclusion criteria). The most likely dates for a change in incidence trends ranged from September 2001 (uncertainty interval August 2000-May 2003) to May 2015 (March 1999-January 2016), depending on inclusion criteria and statistical model used. For the proportion of infective endocarditis cases associated with streptococci, the most likely change points ranged from October 2008 (March 2006-April 2010) to August 2015 (September 2013-November 2015), with those associated with oral streptococci decreasing in proportion after the change point. Smoothed trends showed no notable changes in trend around the guideline date. CONCLUSIONS Infective endocarditis incidence has increased rapidly in England, though we did not detect any change in trends directly following the updated guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis, either overall or in cases associated with oral streptococci. Estimates of when changes occurred were sensitive to inclusion criteria and statistical model choice, demonstrating the need for caution in interpreting single models when using large datasets. More research is needed to explore the factors behind this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Phuong Quan
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit on Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, John Radcliffe Hospital, Microbiology Level 7, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. .,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | | | - Nicola Fawcett
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit on Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, John Radcliffe Hospital, Microbiology Level 7, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Bernadette C Young
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mehdi Minaji
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sandoe
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit on Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, John Radcliffe Hospital, Microbiology Level 7, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Timothy Peto
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit on Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, John Radcliffe Hospital, Microbiology Level 7, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alan P Johnson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - A Sarah Walker
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit on Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, John Radcliffe Hospital, Microbiology Level 7, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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MALDI-TOF vs. VITEK 2 for identification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans chest wall abscess. IDCases 2020; 20:e00749. [PMID: 32280588 PMCID: PMC7136619 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old male patient has a chest wall abscess with intercostal muscle involvement. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was misidentified as Pasturella canis or Pasturella multocida by the automated VITEK 2 system. The study re-enforces the importance of an accurate and rapid diagnosis to assist patient management.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative coccobacillus that is associated with a variety of diseases in humans. In the present study, the isolate finally identified as A. actinomycetemcomitans by MALDI-TOF was misidentified as Pasturella canis or Pasturella multocida by the automated VITEK 2 system. The findings re-enforce the importance of an accurate and rapid diagnosis to assist patient management.
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Kostrzewa M, Nagy E, Schröttner P, Pranada AB. How MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry can aid the diagnosis of hard-to-identify pathogenic bacteria - the rare and the unknown. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:667-682. [PMID: 31303071 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1643238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ten years after its introduction into clinical microbiology, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has become the standard routine identification tool for bacteria in most laboratories. The technology has accelerated analyses and improved the quality of results. The greatest significance has been observed for bacteria that were challenging to be identified by traditional methods. Areas covered: We searched in existing literature (Pubmed) for reports how MALDI-TOF MS has contributed to identification of rare and unknown bacteria from different groups. We describe how this has improved the diagnostics in different groups of bacteria. Reference patterns for strains which yet cannot be assigned to a known species even enable the search for related bacteria in studies as well as in routine diagnostics. MALDI-TOF MS can help to discover and investigate new species and their clinical relevance. It is a powerful tool in the elucidation of the bacterial composition of complex microbiota in culturomics studies. Expert opinion: MALDI-TOF MS has improved the diagnosis of bacterial infections. It also enables knowledge generation for prospective diagnostics. The term 'hard-to-identify' might only be rarely attributed to bacteria in the future. Novel applications are being developed, e.g. subspecies differentiation, typing, and antibiotic resistance testing which may further contribute to improved microbial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kostrzewa
- Bioanalytical Development, Bruker Daltonik GmbH , Bremen , Germany
| | - Elisabeth Nagy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Percy Schröttner
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Arthur B Pranada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund (ÜBAG) , Dortmund , Germany
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25
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Wei W, Nie H. Severe purulent pericarditis caused by invasive Eikenella corrodens: case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:657. [PMID: 31337357 PMCID: PMC6651983 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eikenella corrodens is a slowly growing gram-negative bacillus that can cause severe invasive disease in human. Although E. corrodens infections in various sites of human body have been well described, pericarditis caused by invasive E. corrodens has rarely been reported. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report the case of a 63-year old male with a complaint of left shoulder pain. The patient was diagnosed as purulent pericarditis by chest computed tomography scan and ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, and the pathogen of E. corrodens was identified in the pericardial fluid culture. The clinical condition of the patient deteriorated quickly, and he died right after the drainage surgery even though the pathogen was sensitive to antibiotics treatment. CONCLUSION E. corrodens is a rare pericarditis associated pathogen. Purulent pericarditis caused by E. corrodens presents atypical manifestations and rapid progression of infection in immunosuppressed individuals such as neutropenic patients. Earlier diagnosis and proper drainage surgery with effective antibiotics treatment may improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Nie
- Emergency Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Washio Y, Sakamoto SI, Saito R, Nei T, Morishima M, Shinoyama A, Tashiro A, Sugimoto R. Infective endocarditis caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000040. [PMID: 32974550 PMCID: PMC7470409 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case with infective endocarditis (IE) due to Cardiobacterium valvarum. The patient was a 57-year-old male, who was referred to our hospital based on suspected IE detected by transthoracic echocardiography at a neighbourhood clinic. Three sets of blood cultures obtained on admission yielded positive results, and revealed rather slender and linear Gram-negative bacilli with a rosette formation that dyed minimally, with a pale white appearance. Although no isolates were identified by conventional methods, C. valvarum was ultimately identified by 16 S ribosomal RNA genotyping. HACEK group strains are difficult to identify by conventional methods. Therefore, if Gram-negative bacilli are isolated from IE patients, 16 S ribosomal RNA genotyping will be necessary. Furthermore, IE due to C. valvarum is very rare. We thus discuss our case in comparison with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Washio
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Sakamoto
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahito Nei
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Morishima
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shinoyama
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tashiro
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Sugimoto
- Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippon Medical School Hospital, Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Daoud H, Abugroun A, Olanipekun O, Garrison D. Infective endocarditis and brain abscess secondary to Aggregatibacter aphrophilus. IDCases 2019; 17:e00561. [PMID: 31193507 PMCID: PMC6535683 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a rare cause of infective endocarditis that was first described in 1940 by Khairat et al. and is now classified under the HACEK group of bacteria (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella kingae). There is limited literature describing the extracardiac complications of infective endocarditis caused by this organism. We report a case of a 53-year-old male with no significant past medical history who developed acute infective endocarditis complicated by a brain abscess caused by A. aphrophilus. The patient underwent aspiration of the abscess and treated with a long course of intravenous antimicrobials. This case represents a rare complication of infective endocarditis caused by A. aphrophilus and to the best of our knowledge, is the second reported case in the literature describing such a complication in a previously healthy patient. Although neurological sequela is associated with higher mortality and may be the presenting symptom of infective endocarditis, it may also be clinically silent - only detected upon imaging.
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Rogolevich VV, Glushkova TV, Ponasenko AV, Ovcharenko EA. [Infective Endocarditis Causing Native and Prosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:68-77. [PMID: 30990144 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.3.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is the disease that has high inhospital mortality. Heart valves dysfunction - both native and prosthetic - is the primary IE complication requiring a surgical intervention. The IE causes and its course have been discussed in this review. In particular, the role of concomitant infectious foci in the formation and development of IE have been considered, the mechanisms of mutual transition of subacute and acute clinical forms have been described. Modern diagnostic principles and methods based on the Duke criteria system have been mentioned, as well as the difficulties that follow the patient's clinical status evaluation. The normobiotic microbiota participation, as well as the possibilities for their identification using blood culture and PCR technique, have been closely reviewed. According to modern researches and publications, there have been made the conclusion about the contribution of obligate anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses to the development of endocarditis. There have been described the hypothesis about the presumptive strategy for the cardiac dysfunction formation as a result of the IE causative agents cells metabolic activity based on a literature data analysis in the article: vegetation formed by Staphylococcus aureus can lead to the heart valve stenosis, and the influence of hyaluronidases, collagenases on a heart valve structure can lead to regurgitation. The pathogens cells ability to avoid the human immune system response is caused by the biofilms, fibrin vegetations formation and the enzymes production - cytotoxins (streptolysins, leukocidin, etc.). It has been suggested that the mediators of inflammation and leukocyte cells participate in the destruction of native and prosthetic tissues due to an IE pathogens inaccessibility for immunocompetent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Rogolevich
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - T V Glushkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - A V Ponasenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - E A Ovcharenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
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Cendejas-Bueno E, Romero-Gómez MP, Mingorance J. The challenge of molecular diagnosis of bloodstream infections. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Aortocavitary fistula secondary to vegetative endocarditis in a rabbit. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 21:49-56. [PMID: 30797445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old intact male mini lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented with a 2-week history of severe progressive lethargy. A right parasternal continuous heart murmur and an irregular rhythm were detected on physical examination. Echocardiography identified vegetative aortic and tricuspid valve (TV) endocarditis. There was an aortocavitary fistula between the right sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle, creating a left-to-right intracardiac shunt. Based on the echocardiographic findings, it was suspected that the infection originated in the aortic valve, eroded through the periannular tissue, and secondarily infected the TV. Pleural and peritoneal effusion secondary to right-sided congestive heart failure was also found during the echocardiogram. Atrial fibrillation, conducted with a left bundle branch block morphology, was identified using electrocardiography. Necropsy findings directly correlated with the echocardiographic diagnosis; marked periodontal disease was also identified. Aerobic culture of the aortic and tricuspid vegetations resulted in significant growth of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Haemophilus spp. belong to a group of similar gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria (HACEK group), which can act as an uncommon cause of endocarditis in humans. HACEK endocarditis is most commonly associated with oral infection and/or dental procedures in people. This is the first case report of a rabbit with periannular complications of infective endocarditis. It remains unknown whether dental disease resulted in endocarditis in this patient.
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Ioppolo A, Morabito C, D'Amico G, Taormina A, Sorace E, Dattilo G. Cardiobacterium hominis and endocarditis. Rare but important clinical relevance. COR ET VASA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ambrosioni J, Martinez-Garcia C, Llopis J, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Hernández-Meneses M, Tellez A, Falces C, Almela M, Vidal B, Sandoval E, Fuster D, Quintana E, Tolosana JM, Marco F, Moreno A, Miró JM. HACEK infective endocarditis: Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome: A case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 76:120-125. [PMID: 30153485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to describe the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical features of a population sample of 17 patients with HACEK infective endocarditis (HACEK-IE) and to compare them with matched control patients with IE caused by viridans group streptococci (VGS-IE). METHODS Cases of definite (n=14, 82.2%) and possible (n=3, 17.6%) HACEK-IE included in the Infective Endocarditis Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (IE-HCB) database between 1979 and 2016 were identified and described. Furthermore, a retrospective case-control analysis was performed, matching each case to three control subjects with VGS-IE registered in the same database during the same time period. RESULTS Seventeen out of 1209 IE cases (1.3%, 95% confidence interval 0.69-1.91%) were due to HACEK group organisms. The most frequently isolated HACEK species were Aggregatibacter spp (n=11, 64.7%). Intracardiac vegetations were present in 70.6% of cases. Left heart failure (LHF) was present in 29.4% of cases. Ten patients (58.8%) required in-hospital surgery and none died during hospitalization. In the case-control analysis, there was a trend towards larger vegetations in the HACEK-IE group (median (interquartile range) size 11.5 (10.0-20.0) mm vs. 9.0 (7.0-13.0) mm; p=0.068). Clinical manifestations, echocardiographic findings, LHF rate, systemic emboli, and other complications were all comparable (p>0.05). In-hospital surgery and mortality were similar in the two groups. One-year mortality was lower for HACEK-IE (1/17 vs. to 6/48; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS HACEK-IE represented 1.3% of all IE cases. Clinical features and outcomes were comparable to those of the VGS-IE control group. Despite the trend towards a larger vegetation size, the embolic event rate was not higher and the 1-year mortality was significantly lower for HACEK-IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Llopis
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-de-la-Maria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-Meneses
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Tellez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falces
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Almela
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Vidal
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sandoval
- Cardiac Surgery Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fuster
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Cardiac Surgery Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Tolosana
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Andrzejczuk S, Kosikowska U, Malm A, Chwiejczak E, Stepien-Pysniak D. Phenotypic diversity of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates depending on origin and health condition. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Haemophili are common human microbiota representatives. The aim of our study was to investigate a diversity of Haemophilus spp. isolates selected from clinical specimens on the basis of biochemical characteristics, biotypes distribution, protein profiles and antimicrobial resistance. Results. A total of 893/1025 (87%) of haemophili isolates were identified: 260/1025 (25%) as H. influenzae and 633/1025 (62%) as H. parainfluenzae. Moreover, a group of 107/1025 (10%) isolates without species identification (with e.g. abnormal numerical profile) was described as Haemophilus spp. Within the H. influenzae isolates, biotypes II and III were in a great majority (92/893; 10%, each), whereas among H. parainfluenzae, the most commonly occurring was biotype I and II (301/893, 34% and 178/893, 20%, respectively). A similar prevalence of biotypes was obtained regardless of the patient’s age or health condition or the type of specimen. A production of beta-lactamases was shown in 46/893 (5%) haemophili, both H. influenzae (13/46, 28%) and H. parainfluenzae (33/46, 72%) isolates. On the basis of haemophili biochemical characteristics, the cluster analysis using the UPGMA method demonstrated a high degree of phenotypic similarity due to a small distances between isolates taken from both unhealthy children and adults. Conclusion. Based on biochemical characteristics, about 90% of haemophili clinical isolates representing human-specific respiratory microbiota were positively identified as H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. The same differences in biotypes and antimicrobial resistance among isolates selected from healthy people or from patients with chronic and recurrent diseases were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Anna Malm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Edyta Chwiejczak
- Students Scientific Association at the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin , Poland
| | - Dagmara Stepien-Pysniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Birds Diseases, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin , Poland
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Mahabady S, Tjokro N, Aharonian S, Zadeh HH, Chen C, Allayee H, Sedghizadeh PP. The in vivo T helper type 17 and regulatory T cell immune responses to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32:490-499. [PMID: 28544588 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is known to elicit a systemic immune response in the infected host, and occasionally causes non-oral infections. Detailed information on its immunopathological responses and the involvement of bacterial virulence factors remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic immune response to A. actinomycetemcomitans oral infection. We used an animal model that simulates systemic dissemination of the bacteria by injecting live wild-type (WT) D7S-1 and a double knockout mutant of leukotoxin and cytolethal distending toxin (ΔltxΔcdt) A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in rat oral mucosa. Draining lymph nodes were examined for regulatory T (Treg) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cell subsets and their associated mediators. An increase in the proportion of Th17 cells and a decrease in Treg cells over the experimental period of 3 weeks were similarly observed for rats challenged with WT and ΔltxΔcdt. Significant upregulation and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the Th17 gene pathway was noted, as well as several qualitative differences between WT and ΔltxΔcdt. Furthermore, we observed differential fold regulation in key genes associated with a proinflammatory response in ΔltxΔcdt-inoculated rats relative to D7S-1 group. This suggests that although the knockout of these two virulence factors (ΔltxΔcdt) may suppress certain proinflammatory genes, it causes similar over-expression of other genes compared with D7S-1, indicating a common factor that still remains in the pathogenicity of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahabady
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation & Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Tjokro
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Aharonian
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation & Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H H Zadeh
- Laboratory for Immunoregulation & Tissue Engineering, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Allayee
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P P Sedghizadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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