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Coenye T, Ahonen M, Anderson S, Cámara M, Chundi P, Fields M, Foidl I, Gnimpieba EZ, Griffin K, Hinks J, Loka AR, Lushbough C, MacPhee C, Nater N, Raval R, Slater-Jefferies J, Teo P, Wilks S, Yung M, Webb JS. Global challenges and microbial biofilms: Identification of priority questions in biofilm research, innovation and policy. Biofilm 2024; 8:100210. [PMID: 39221168 PMCID: PMC11364012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Priority question exercises are increasingly used to frame and set future research, innovation and development agendas. They can provide an important bridge between the discoveries, data and outputs generated by researchers, and the information required by policy makers and funders. Microbial biofilms present huge scientific, societal and economic opportunities and challenges. In order to identify key priorities that will help to advance the field, here we review questions from a pool submitted by the international biofilm research community and from practitioners working across industry, the environment and medicine. To avoid bias we used computational approaches to group questions and manage a voting and selection process. The outcome of the exercise is a set of 78 unique questions, categorized in six themes: (i) Biofilm control, disruption, prevention, management, treatment (13 questions); (ii) Resistance, persistence, tolerance, role of aggregation, immune interaction, relevance to infection (10 questions); (iii) Model systems, standards, regulatory, policy education, interdisciplinary approaches (15 questions); (iv) Polymicrobial, interactions, ecology, microbiome, phage (13 questions); (v) Clinical focus, chronic infection, detection, diagnostics (13 questions); and (vi) Matrix, lipids, capsule, metabolism, development, physiology, ecology, evolution environment, microbiome, community engineering (14 questions). The questions presented are intended to highlight opportunities, stimulate discussion and provide focus for researchers, funders and policy makers, informing future research, innovation and development strategy for biofilms and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Belgium
- ESCMID Study Group on Biofilms (ESGB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merja Ahonen
- Satakunta University of Applied Sciences, Finland
| | - Skip Anderson
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Miguel Cámara
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Matthew Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Ines Foidl
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Kristen Griffin
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Hinks
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | | | | | - Cait MacPhee
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natasha Nater
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rasmita Raval
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jo Slater-Jefferies
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Pauline Teo
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | - Sandra Wilks
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria Yung
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Singapore
| | | | - Jeremy S. Webb
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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2
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Martínez SR, Odella E, Ibarra LE, Sosa Lochedino A, Wendel AB, Durantini AM, Chesta CA, Palacios RE. Conjugated polymer nanoparticles as sonosensitizers in sono-inactivation of a broad spectrum of pathogens. ULTRASONICS 2024; 137:107180. [PMID: 37847942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic inactivation (SDI) of pathogens has an important advantage when compared to optical excitation-based protocols due to the deeper penetration of ultrasound (US) excitation in biological media or animal tissue. Sonosensitizers (SS) are compounds or systems that upon US stimulation in the therapeutic window (frequency = 0.8-3 MHz and intensity < 3 W/cm2) can induce damage to vital components of pathogenic microorganisms. Herein, we report the synthesis and application of conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) as an efficient SS in SDI of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida tropicalis. A frequent problem in the design and testing of new SS for SDI is the lack of proper sonoreactor characterization which leads to reproducibility concerns. To address this issue, we performed dosimetry experiments in our setup. This enables the validation of our results by other researchers and facilitates meaningful comparisons with different SDI systems in future studies. On a different note, it is generally accepted that the mechanisms of action underlying SS-mediated SDI involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In an attempt to establish the nature of the cytotoxic species involved in our CPNs-based SDI protocol, we demonstrated that singlet oxygen (1O2) does not play a major role in the observed sonoinduced killing effect. SDI experiments in planktonic cultures of optimally growing pathogens using CPNs result in a germicide effect on the studied pathogenic microorganisms. The implementation of SDI protocols using CPNs was further tested in mature biofilms of a MRSA resulting in ∼40 % reduction of biomass and ∼70 % reduction of cellular viability. Overall, these results highlight the unique and unexplored capacity of CPNs to act as sonosensitizers opening new possibilities in the design and application of novel inactivation protocols against morbific microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Arianna Sosa Lochedino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana B Wendel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Durantini
- Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Aburayyan WS, Seder N, Al-fawares O, Fararjeh A, Majali IS, Al-Hajaya Y. Characterization of Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects of Trigona Stingless Bee Honey Compared to Stinging Bee Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus Honeys. J Evid Based Integr Med 2024; 29:2515690X241271978. [PMID: 39118572 PMCID: PMC11311187 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x241271978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibiofilm and antimicrobial properties of tropical honey types including Malaysian stingless bee honey remain explicitly unexplored when compared with Apies honey. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of the Malaysian Trigona honey were characterized with two stinging bee honey types (Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus honeys) from Jordan. The antibiofilm and antimicrobial investigations were conducted on a set of seven microbial strains; five bacterial species of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and two fungal strains Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei ATCC 14243. The antimicrobial investigations revealed a broad spectrum activity for Trigona honey against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains over the two honey types. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the zone of inhibition ranging from 9 to 25 mm and minimum inhibition activity (MIC) ranged from 9.4-29.6% (w/v) against the microbial strains. Moreover, the addition of honey to established biofilms has induced a degradation activity in the biofilm mass. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant biofilm degradation proportion (p < 0.001) ranging from 1.3% to 91.3% following treatment with Trigona honey and the other honey types in relevance to the concentration ranging from 10% to 50% (w/v). Moreover, the antibiofilm activity was highly consistent with MIC affecting bacterial growth inhibition. In conclusion, a robust antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity for Trigona stingless bee honey over the stinging bee Centaurea hyalolepis and Citrus honeys is noticed which endows the usage of Trigona honey in the antimicrobial industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Salem Aburayyan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Nesrin Seder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - O’la Al-fawares
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - AbdulFattah Fararjeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim S. Majali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Yousef Al-Hajaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
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4
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Coenye T. Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going? Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0002423. [PMID: 37812003 PMCID: PMC10732061 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00024-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Valtin J, Behrens S, Ruland A, Schmieder F, Sonntag F, Renner LD, Maitz MF, Werner C. A New In Vitro Blood Flow Model for the Realistic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301300. [PMID: 37498721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Device-associated bloodstream infections can cause serious medical problems and cost-intensive postinfection management, defining a need for more effective antimicrobial coatings. Newly developed coatings often show reduced bacterial colonization and high hemocompatibility in established in vitro tests, but fail in animal studies or clinical trials. The poor predictive power of these models is attributed to inadequate representation of in vivo conditions. Herein, a new single-pass blood flow model, with simultaneous incubation of the test surface with bacteria and freshly-drawn human blood, is presented. The flow model is validated by comparative analysis of a recently developed set of antiadhesive and contact-killing polymer coatings, and the corresponding uncoated polycarbonate surfaces. The results confirm the model's ability to differentiate the antimicrobial activities of the studied surfaces. Blood activation data correlate with bacterial surface coverage: low bacterial adhesion is associated with low inflammation and hemostasis. Shear stress correlates inversely with bacterial colonization, especially on antiadhesive surfaces. The introduced model is concluded to enable the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials under in vivo-like conditions, capturing interactions between bacteria and biomaterials surfaces in the presence of key components of the ex vivo host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Valtin
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - André Ruland
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schmieder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Sonntag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology IWS, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars D Renner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Institute of Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Hoyt A, Lawler P, Bostrom M, Carli A, Levack A. Dalbavancin is thermally stable at clinically relevant temperatures against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus. J Bone Jt Infect 2023; 8:175-181. [PMID: 37727824 PMCID: PMC10506503 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-8-175-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: While the rate of orthopaedic infections has remained constant over the years, the burden on healthcare systems continues to rise with an aging population. Local antibiotic delivery via polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is a common adjunct in treating bone and joint infections. Dalbavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic in the same class as vancomycin that has shown efficacy against Gram-positive organisms when used systemically but has not been investigated as a local antibiotic. This study aims to identify whether dalbavancin is thermally stable at the temperatures expected during the polymerization of polymethyl methacrylate cement. Methods: Stock solutions of dalbavancin were prepared and heated using a polymerase chain reaction machine based upon previously defined models of curing temperatures in two clinically relevant models: a 10 mm polymethyl methacrylate bead and a polymethyl methacrylate articulating knee spacer model. Aliquots of heated dalbavancin were then transferred to be incubated at core body temperature (37 ∘ C) and analyzed at various time points up to 28 d. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90 % of colonies were inhibited (MIC90 ) for each heated sample was determined against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC, 0173K) using a standard microbroth dilution assay. Results: The average MIC90 of dalbavancin was 1.63 µ g mL - 1 ± 0.49 against 0173K S. aureus. There were no significant differences in the relative MIC90 values after heating dalbavancin in either model compared to unheated control dalbavancin. Conclusions: Dalbavancin is thermally stable at the curing temperatures of polymethyl methacrylate cement and at human core body temperature over 28 d. Future in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to further investigate the role of dalbavancin as a local antibiotic prior to its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K. Hoyt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
& Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Patrick Lawler
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mathias Bostrom
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New
York, NY 10021, USA
- Adult Reconstruction, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
10021, USA
| | - Alberto V. Carli
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New
York, NY 10021, USA
- Adult Reconstruction, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
10021, USA
| | - Ashley E. Levack
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
& Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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7
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Ardila CM, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Vivares-Builes AM. Potential Clinical Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:158. [PMID: 37504224 PMCID: PMC10378380 DOI: 10.3390/dj11070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is a unique organ from the standpoint of building an organ-on-a-chip (OoC) since it is a system that is continually threatened by microorganisms, their noxious compounds, and antigenic components. At the same time, periodontal health depends on a balanced connection between the host and the bacteria in the oral cavity, which is a complex micro-ecological environment. The objective of this systematic review of in vitro studies is to revise the potential clinical application of OoC in periodontal diseases. PRISMA was used to guide this analysis. The review framework made use of several databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS as well as the gray literature. This systematic review comprised seven studies. The clinical efficacy of OoC in periodontal diseases was observed in models of the gingival crevice for the research of periodontitis, periodontal medication analysis, the interaction of multiple microbial species, pH measurements in in situ-grown biofilm, testing antimicrobial reagents, evaluation of mucosal interactions with microorganisms, and a device for quantitative exploration of microorganisms. OoC has the potential to advance our understanding of periodontal diseases by providing a more accurate representation of the oral microenvironment and enabling the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Król JE, Ehrlich GD. Using SMART Magnetic Fluids and Gels for Prevention and Destruction of Bacterial Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1515. [PMID: 37375017 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofouling is a major problem in all natural and artificial settings where solid surfaces meet liquids in the presence of living microorganisms. Microbes attach to the surface and form a multidimensional slime that protects them from unfavorable environments. These structures, known as biofilms, are detrimental and very hard to remove. Here, we used SMART magnetic fluids [ferrofluids (FFs), magnetorheological fluids (MRFs), and ferrogels (FGs) containing iron oxide nano/microparticles] and magnetic fields to remove bacterial biofilms from culture tubes, glass slides, multiwell plates, flow cells, and catheters. We compared the ability of different SMART fluids to remove biofilms and found that commercially available, as well as homemade, FFs, MRFs, and FGs can successfully remove biofilm more efficiently than traditional mechanical methods, especially from textured surfaces. In tested conditions, SMARTFs reduced bacterial biofilms by five orders of magnitude. The ability to remove biofilm increased with the amount of magnetic particles; therefore, MRFs, FG, and homemade FFs with high amounts of iron oxide were the most efficient. We showed also that SMART fluid deposition can protect a surface from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Possible applications of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosƚaw E Król
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Center for Genomic Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Center for Genomic Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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9
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Nube VL, Alison JA, Twigg SM. Diabetic foot ulcers: weekly versus second-weekly conservative sharp wound debridement. J Wound Care 2023; 32:383-390. [PMID: 37300856 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.6.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a serious and costly long-term complication of diabetes, and are one of the most prevalent hard-to-heal (chronic) wound types. Conservative sharp wound debridement (CSWD) is a mainstay of care. It is performed regularly until healing is achieved (when there is adequate blood flow for healing) to support endogenous healing and improve the efficacy of advanced healing therapies. CSWD is supported by evidence-based treatment guidelines, despite a lack of prospective studies. The first prospective randomised study to compare different frequencies of CSWD-the Diabetes Debridement Study (DDS)-showed no difference in healing outcomes at 12 weeks between those ulcers debrided weekly and those debrided every second week. A DFU may require more or less frequent debridement according to individual wound characteristics; however, the new data from DDS can inform clinical decisions and service provision. The implications of weekly versus second-weekly debridement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Nube
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Department of Podiatry, Sydney Local Health District, Australia
- Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Alison
- Sydney Local Health District Professorial Unit, Australia
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Sydney Medical School (Central), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Malone M, Radzieta M, Schwarzer S, Walker A, Bradley J, Jensen SO. In vivo observations of biofilm adhering to a dialkylcarbamoyl chloride-coated mesh dressing when applied to diabetes-related foot ulcers: A proof of concept study. Int Wound J 2022. [PMID: 36567138 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study of twenty participants, we sought to determine if a DACC (Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride)-coated mesh dressing demonstrates an ability to adhere biofilm when placed on Diabetes Related Foot Ulcers (DRFUs) with chronic infection. The study also sought to determine if removal of the DACC-coated mesh dressings contributes to reducing the total number of bacteria in DRFUs, by exploring the total microbial loads, microbial community composition, and diversity. Standard of care was provided in addition to the application of DACC or DACC hydrogel every three days for a total of two weeks. Wound swabs, tissue curettage, and soiled dressings were collected pre and post-treatment. Tissue specimens obtained pre-treatment were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PNA-FISH) with confocal laser scanning microscopy and confirmed the presence of biofilm in all DRFUs. SEM confirmed the presence of biofilms readily adhered to soiled DACC-coated mesh dressings pre- and post-treatment in all participants. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrated the mean total microbial load of DRFUs in 20 participants did not change after two weeks of therapy (pre-treatment = 4.31 Log10 16 S copies (±0.8) versus end of treatment = 4.32 Log10 16 S copies (±0.9), P = .96, 95% CI -0.56 to 0.5). 16 S sequencing has shown the microbial composition of DACC dressings and wound swabs pre- and post-treatment remained similar (DACC; R = -.047, P = .98, Swab; R = -.04, P = .86), indicating the microbial communities originate from the ulcer. Biofilms adhere to DACC-coated mesh dressings; however, this may not reduce the total microbial load present within DRFU tissue. Wound dressings for use in hard-to-heal wounds should be used as an adjunct to a good standard of care which includes debridement and wound bed preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Malone
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Radzieta
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saskia Schwarzer
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Walker
- High Risk Foot Service, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Bradley
- High Risk Foot Service, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Slade O Jensen
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Ratia C, Sueiro S, Soengas RG, Iglesias MJ, López-Ortiz F, Soto SM. Gold(III) Complexes Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria of Veterinary Significance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121728. [PMID: 36551386 PMCID: PMC9774617 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria are a global concern. The lack of new antibiotics in the pipeline points to the need for developing new strategies. In this sense, gold(III) complexes (G3Cs) could be a promising alternative due to their recently described antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of G3Cs alone and in combination with colistin against pathogenic bacteria from veterinary sources. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by broth microdilution and compared with clinically relevant antibiotics. Antibiofilm activity was determined by crystal violet staining. Combinations of selected G3Cs with colistin and cytotoxicity in commercial human cell lines were evaluated. Four and seven G3Cs showed antibacterial effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, respectively, with this activity being higher among Gram-positive strains. The G3Cs showed antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative species at concentrations similar or one to four folds higher than the corresponding MICs. Combination of G3Cs with colistin showed a potential synergistic antibacterial effect reducing concentrations and toxicity of both agents. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, the synergistic effect when combined with colistin and the in vitro toxicity suggest that G3Cs would provide a new therapeutic alternative against multidrug-resistant bacteria from veterinary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ratia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sueiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel G. Soengas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 7, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.-O.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Sara María Soto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.L.-O.); (S.M.S.)
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12
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Gilmore BF, McDougald D, Beloin C. Editorial: Insights in biofilms: 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1093692. [PMID: 36506017 PMCID: PMC9727399 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1093692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan F. Gilmore
- Queen’s University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Biofilm Research Group, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Diane McDougald
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Christophe Beloin,
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13
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Antibiofilm Efficacy of Quercetin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm on Food-Contact Surfaces in the Food Industry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101902. [PMID: 36296179 PMCID: PMC9610505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the most common foodborne pathogenic bacteria that forms biofilms, is a persistent source of concern for the food industry. The food production chain employs a variety of methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation on stainless-steel coupons (SS) and hand gloves (HG) as well as testing its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 220 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action without visible growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against V. parahaemolyticus was examined. Control group was not added with quercetin. With increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagellar motility (flaA, flgL), biofilm formation (vp0952, vp0962), virulence (VopQ, vp0450), and quorum-sensing (aphA, luxS) were all dramatically suppressed. Quercetin (0−110 μg/mL) was investigated on SS and HG surfaces, the inhibitory effect were 0.10−2.17 and 0.26−2.31 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the treated and control groups in terms of motility (swimming and swarming). According to our research, quercetin produced from plants should be employed as an antibiofilm agent in the food sector to prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. These results indicate that throughout the entire food production chain, bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction with alternative natural food agents in the seafood industry.
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14
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Quercetin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm on Food Surfaces and Downregulation of Virulence Genes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183847. [PMID: 36145988 PMCID: PMC9505375 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For the seafood industry, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one of the most prevalent food-borne pathogenic bacteria that forms biofilms, is a constant cause of concern. There are numerous techniques used throughout the food supply chain to manage biofilms, but none are entirely effective. Through assessing its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, quercetin will be evaluated for its ability to prevent the growth of V. parahaemolyticus biofilm on shrimp and crab shell surfaces. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 220 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action without visible growth of bacteria. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin without (control) and with sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against V. parahaemolyticus was examined. With increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of related genes linked to flagella motility (flaA and flgL), biofilm formation (vp0952 and vp0962), and quorum-sensing (luxS and aphA) were all dramatically reduced (p < 0.05). Quercetin (0−110 μg/mL) was investigated on shrimp and crab shell surfaces, the inhibitory effects were 0.68−3.70 and 0.74−3.09 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). The findings were verified using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which revealed quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and induced cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Furthermore, there was a substantial difference in motility between the treatment and control groups (swimming and swarming). According to our findings, plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to inhibit the establishment of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms. These findings suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction with alternative natural food agents in the seafood sector along the entire food production chain.
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15
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Roy PK, Song MG, Park SY. The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091733. [PMID: 36139807 PMCID: PMC9495692 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. The food production chain employs various methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing L. monocytogenes mixed cultures (ATCC19113, ATCC19117, and ATCC15313) biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS), silicon rubber (SR), and hand glove (HG) coupons, as well as tests its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action with no visible bacterial growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 MIC) against L. monocytogenes was examined. A control group was not added with quercetin. The current study also investigates the effect of quercetin on the expression of different genes engaged in motility (flaA, fbp), QS (agrA), and virulence (hlyA, prfA). Through increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagella motility, virulence, and quorum-sensing were all dramatically reduced. Quercetin (0−125 μg/mL) was investigated on the SS, SR, and HG surfaces; the inhibitory effects were 0.39−2.07, 0.09−1.96 and 0.03−1.69 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Our findings suggest that plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to control the development of L. monocytogenes biofilms. These outcomes suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction, with alternative natural food agents in the food sector along the entire food production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shin Young Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-9143; Fax: +82-55-772-9149
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16
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Macias-Valcayo A, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Broncano A, Parron R, Auñon A, Garcia-Cañete J, Blanco A, Esteban J. Comparative In Vitro Study of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Prosthetic Joint Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0085122. [PMID: 35876589 PMCID: PMC9430931 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00851-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are typically caused by microorganisms that grow in biofilms. Traditional antimicrobial susceptibility tests are based on the study of planktonic bacteria that might lead to missing the biofilm behavior and to a treatment failure. This study was designed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolates from PJIs in planktonic and sessile states and the possible relationship between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. A total of 46 clinical isolates from patients with PJIs (mainly hip and knee prostheses) plus three GNB ATCC isolates were studied. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were assessed using a previously published methodology. Almost all of the GNB clinical isolates tested were biofilm forming. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the largest biofilm-forming species. A comparison of MBIC90 versus MIC90 shows an increase higher than 1- to -2-fold dilutions in most antimicrobials studied, and MBEC90 was significantly higher than MIC90, becoming resistant to all the antimicrobial drugs tested. Higher biofilm production values were obtained in antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli in comparison to their resistant counterparts. However, regarding the relationships between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, our analysis showed that each strain differed. A high antimicrobial resistance rate was found among the GNB studied. Moreover, almost all bacterial isolates were in vitro biofilm formers. Although there was no significant association between biofilm and antibiotic resistance, multidrug-resistant isolates were found to be greater biofilm formers than non-multidrug-resistant isolates. IMPORTANCE This study is the first one to analyze a high number of isolates of Gram-negative bacilli that are the cause of prosthetic joint infection. The analysis includes biofilm development and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of both planktonic and sessile bacteria. The obtained results support the clinical knowledge about the treatment of these bacteria when biofilms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Macias-Valcayo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - John-Jairo Aguilera-Correa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Broncano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Parron
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Auñon
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Blanco
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine-Emergencies, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Esteban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
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17
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An Overview of Biofilm Formation-Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081110. [PMID: 35892912 PMCID: PMC9394423 DOI: 10.3390/life12081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental stresses and antimicrobial therapies. Biofilms can cause several chronic conditions, and effective treatment has become a challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotics available for treating biofilm-associated infections are generally not very effective and require high doses that may cause toxicity in the host. Therefore, it is essential to study and develop efficient anti-biofilm strategies that can significantly reduce the rate of biofilm-associated healthcare problems. In this context, some effective combating strategies with potential anti-biofilm agents, including plant extracts, peptides, enzymes, lantibiotics, chelating agents, biosurfactants, polysaccharides, organic, inorganic, and metal nanoparticles, etc., have been reviewed to overcome biofilm-associated healthcare problems. From their extensive literature survey, it can be concluded that these molecules with considerable structural alterations might be applied to the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, by evaluating their significant delivery to the target site of the host. To design effective anti-biofilm molecules, it must be assured that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these anti-biofilm compounds can eradicate biofilm-associated infections without causing toxic effects at a significant rate.
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18
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Wang Y, Li X, Yuan J, Wang X, Tao K, Yan J. A Bionic Self-Assembly Hydrogel Constructed by Peptides With Favorable Biosecurity, Rapid Hemostasis and Antibacterial Property for Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:901534. [PMID: 35845407 PMCID: PMC9279901 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.901534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bionic self-assembly hydrogel derived by peptide as an effective biomedical hemostatic agent has always gained great attention. However, developing hydrogels with eminent-biosecurity, rapidly hemostatic and bactericidal function remains a critical challenge. Hence, we designed an injectable hydrogel with hemostatic and bactericidal function based on Bionic Self-Assembling Peptide (BSAP) in this study. BSAP was formed with two functionalized peptides containing (RADA)4 motif and possessed the ability to self-assemble into nanofibers. As expected, BSAP could rapidly co-assemble into hydrogel network structure in situ driven by Ca2+. The hydrogel with a concentration of 5% showed a superior microporous structure and excellent shear thinning characteristics, as well as injectability. Moreover, in the foot trauma model and tail amputation model, the fabricated hydrogel exhibited a lower blood clotting index and dramatically reduced blood clotting time and bleeding volume. Remarkably, the hydrogel reduced inflammatory responses by blocking bacterial infection, promoting wound healing. Finally, the hydrogel is highly hemocompatible and has no cytotoxicity. Overall, this work provides a strategy for developing a high-biosecurity hydrogel with hemostatic and antibacterial properties, which will allow for the clinical application of BSAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Tumor and Immunology in Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juzheng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Tumor and Immunology in Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Xi’an, China
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19
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Ndukwe ARN, Wiedbrauk S, Boase NRB, Fairfull‐Smith KE. Strategies to Improve the Potency of Oxazolidinones towards Bacterial Biofilms. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200201. [PMID: 35352479 PMCID: PMC9321984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are part of the natural lifecycle of bacteria and are known to cause chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Most antibiotics are developed and tested against bacteria in the planktonic state and are ineffective against bacterial biofilms. The oxazolidinones, including the last resort drug linezolid, are one of the main classes of synthetic antibiotics progressed to clinical use in the last 50 years. They have a unique mechanism of action and only develop low levels of resistance in the clinical setting. With the aim of providing insight into strategies to design more potent antibiotic compounds with activity against bacterial biofilms, we review the biofilm activity of clinically approved oxazolidinones and report on structural modifications to oxazolidinones and their delivery systems which lead to enhanced anti-biofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R. N. Ndukwe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
| | - Sandra Wiedbrauk
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
| | - Nathan R. B. Boase
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull‐Smith
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
- Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland4001Australia
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20
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McPherson E, Jennings J, Yunis O, Harris M, Dipane M, Curtin N, Chowdhry M, Wassef A, Bumgardner J, Noel S. Simulated large joint fluid model for evaluating intra-articular antibiotic delivery systems: initial evaluation using antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads. J Bone Jt Infect 2022; 7:117-125. [PMID: 35620590 PMCID: PMC9128367 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-7-117-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Local antimicrobial delivery via calcium sulfate
(CaSO4) beads is used as an adjunctive treatment for periprosthetic
joint infection. There is limited clinical information describing the
performance of antimicrobial-loaded CaSO4 (ALCS) in large-scale applications. We developed a simulated large joint model to study properties
of eluting ALCS. Methods: The in vitro testing platform was an adapted
standardized model for tribological testing of prosthetic total hips and
total knees (ASTM F732). The model was 70 mL total fluid volume, 25 % bovine serum, and 75 % phosphate-buffered saline, using ISO standard 14242-1 for human synovial fluid simulation. Four brands of CaSO4 were
evaluated. Each 10 mL of CaSO4 was loaded with 1.2 grams (g) of tobramycin and 1 g of vancomycin powders. A 35 mL bead volume, equaling 175 beads, of each product was placed in incubated flasks. The test period was 6 weeks with scheduled interval fluid exchanges. Fluid samples were tested
for antibiotic and calcium concentrations and pH. Results: Antibiotic elution showed an initial burst on Day 1, followed by a logarithmic
reduction over 1 week. Tobramycin fully eluted within 2.5 weeks. Vancomycin showed sustained release over 6 weeks. Calcium ion concentrations were high, with gradual decrease after 3 weeks. All four CaSO4 products
were inherently acidic. Fluid became more acidic with the addition of
antibiotics primarily driven by vancomycin. Discussion: Clinicians should be
cognizant of tobramycin elution burst with ALCS in large loads. The main
driver of acidic pH levels was vancomycin. We propose that joint
complications may result from lowered fluid acidity, and we suggest clinical study of synovial pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. McPherson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Santa Monica, 90404, USA
| | - Jessica A. Jennings
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis,
38152, USA
| | - Omar Yunis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis,
38152, USA
| | - Michael A. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis,
38152, USA
| | - Matthew V. Dipane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Santa Monica, 90404, USA
| | - Nora L. Curtin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at
UCLA, Santa Monica, 90404, USA
| | - Madhav Chowdhry
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Kellogg College,
University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Andrew J. Wassef
- Long Beach Lakewood Orthopedic Institute, Long Beach, 90808, USA
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis,
38152, USA
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21
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Li Y, Dong R, Ma L, Qian Y, Liu Z. Combined Anti-Biofilm Enzymes Strengthen the EradicateEffect of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Biofilm: Mechanism on cpsA-J Expression and Application on Different Carriers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091305. [PMID: 35564028 PMCID: PMC9100390 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human foodborne pathogen, and it can form a mature biofilm on food and food contact surfaces to enhance their resistance to antibacterial agents. In this study, the effect of anti-biofilm enzymes (combined lipase, cellulase and proteinase K) on the inhibition and eradication of pathogen biofilm was evaluated. The biofilm content of V. parahaemolyticus showed the highest level at the incubation time of 24 h, and the combined enzymes significantly inhibited the biofilm’s development. The biofilm’s inhibition and eradication rate at an incubation time of 24 h was 89.7% and 66.9%, respectively. The confocal laser scanning microscopic images confirmed that the microcolonies’ aggregation and the adhesion of biofilm were inhibited with the combined enzyme treatment. Furthermore, combined enzymes also decreased the concentration of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and disrupted the EPS matrix network, wherein the expression of the EPS-related gene, cpsA-J, was likewise suppressed. The combined enzymes showed an excellent inhibition effect of V. parahaemolyticus biofilm on different carriers, with the highest inhibition rate of 59.35% on nonrust steel plate. This study demonstrates that the combined enzyme of lipase, cellulase and proteinase K could be a novel candidate to overcome biofilm’s problem of foodborne pathogens in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ruyue Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yilin Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zunying Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (Y.L.); (R.D.); (L.M.); (Y.Q.)
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Preservation Technology of Marine Foods, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Pettygrove BA, Smith HJ, Pallister KB, Voyich JM, Stewart PS, Parker AE. Experimental Designs to Study the Aggregation and Colonization of Biofilms by Video Microscopy With Statistical Confidence. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785182. [PMID: 35095798 PMCID: PMC8793059 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to quantify the variability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) time-lapse images of early colonizing biofilms to aid in the design of future imaging experiments. To accomplish this a large imaging dataset consisting of 16 independent CLSM microscopy experiments was leveraged. These experiments were designed to study interactions between human neutrophils and single cells or aggregates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) during the initial stages of biofilm formation. Results suggest that in untreated control experiments, variability differed substantially between growth phases (i.e., lag or exponential). When studying the effect of an antimicrobial treatment (in this case, neutrophil challenge), regardless of the inoculation level or of growth phase, variability changed as a frown-shaped function of treatment efficacy (i.e., the reduction in biofilm surface coverage). These findings were used to predict the best experimental designs for future imaging studies of early biofilms by considering differing (i) numbers of independent experiments; (ii) numbers of fields of view (FOV) per experiment; and (iii) frame capture rates per hour. A spreadsheet capable of assessing any user-specified design is included that requires the expected mean log reduction and variance components from user-generated experimental results. The methodology outlined in this study can assist researchers in designing their CLSM studies of antimicrobial treatments with a high level of statistical confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Pettygrove
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Heidi J. Smith
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Kyler B. Pallister
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Jovanka M. Voyich
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Albert E. Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Parker
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23
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Recent Strategies to Combat Infections from Biofilm-Forming Bacteria on Orthopaedic Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910243. [PMID: 34638591 PMCID: PMC8549706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-related implant infections (BRII) are a disastrous complication of both elective and trauma orthopaedic surgery and occur when an implant becomes colonised by bacteria. The definitive treatment to eradicate the infections once a biofilm has established is surgical excision of the implant and thorough local debridement, but this carries a significant socioeconomic cost, the outcomes for the patient are often poor, and there is a significant risk of recurrence. Due to the large volumes of surgical procedures performed annually involving medical device implantation, both in orthopaedic surgery and healthcare in general, and with the incidence of implant-related infection being as high as 5%, interventions to prevent and treat BRII are a major focus of research. As such, innovation is progressing at a very fast pace; the aim of this study is to review the latest interventions for the prevention and treatment of BRII, with a particular focus on implant-related approaches.
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24
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Detusheva EV, Ershova ON, Fursova NK. The sensitivity of planktonic cultures and biofilms of gram-negative bacteria to commercial disinfectant and antiseptic preparations. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:438-447. [PMID: 34292687 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-7-438-447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antibacterial activity of 11 commercial disinfectant preparations and 8 antiseptics against 10 strains of the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloaceae and Providencia stuartii obtained from international collections and isolated from neuroresuscitation patients in Moscow in 2018 was studied. The sensitivity of planktonic cultures to the preparations was determined by the method of serial dilutions in broth and the spot method on solid nutrient media, the sensitivity of biofilms by the applicator method. A general pattern was revealed: the level of sensitivity to tested disinfectants in clinical strains was lower than in reference strains. It was found that the disinfectants «Mikrobak-Forte», «SAT-22», «Neobak-Oksi» at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturers were effective against bacteria of all test strains, both in the plankton state and in the form of biofilms. On the contrary, the disinfectant preparations «Biodez-Optima», «Biodez-Extra DVU», «Novodez-Aktiv», «Triosept-Oksi», «Tristel Fusion for Surfaces», «Effect-Forte Plus», «Lactic-Oxy» did not have sufficient effectiveness in the concentrations recommended by the manufacturers, therefore it is proposed to use these drugs in higher concentrations. It was found that the disinfectant «Biodez-Extra DVU» is able to inhibit the growth of biofilms of bacteria of the species K. pneumoniae. The ability to suppress the growth of bacterial biofilms of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa was revealed for the «Triestel Fusion for surfaces disinfectant». The bacteria of all used test strains in the planktonic state were sensitive to all tested antiseptic preparations. However, the biofilms of the clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and P. stuartii. possessed resistance to the antiseptics «Octenidol», «Octenisept», «Miramistin», «Hexoral». Our studies indicate the need for sensitivity analysis of antibacterial drugs in representatives of hospital pathogens, including the modeling of bacterial biofilms, which is a very relevant and important scientific direction, necessary to improve the control of nosocomial infections in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N K Fursova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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25
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Manasherob R, Mooney JA, Lowenberg DW, Bollyky PL, Amanatullah DF. Tolerant Small-colony Variants Form Prior to Resistance Within a Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Based on Antibiotic Selective Pressure. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1471-1481. [PMID: 33835090 PMCID: PMC8208434 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is focused on the surgical or chemical removal of biofilm. Antibiotics in isolation are typically ineffective against PJI. Bacteria survive after antibiotic administration because of antibiotic tolerance, resistance, and persistence that arise in the resident bacteria of a biofilm. Small-colony variants are typically slow-growing bacterial subpopulations that arise after antibiotic exposure and are associated with persistent and chronic infections such as PJI. The role of biofilm-mediated antibiotic tolerance in the emergence of antibiotic resistance remains poorly defined experimentally. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked: (1) Does prior antibiotic exposure affect how Staphylococcus aureus survives within a developing biofilm when exposed to an antibiotic that penetrates biofilm, like rifampicin? (2) Does exposure to an antibiotic with poor biofilm penetration, such as vancomycin, affect how S. aureus survives within a developing biofilm? (3) Do small-colony variants emerge from antibiotic-tolerant or -resistant bacteria in a S. aureus biofilm? METHODS We used a porous membrane as an in vitro implant model to grow luminescent S. aureus biofilms and simultaneously track microcolony expansion. We evaluated the impact of tolerance on the development of resistance by comparing rifampicin (an antibiotic that penetrates S. aureus biofilm) with vancomycin (an antibiotic that penetrates biofilm poorly). We performed viability counting after membrane dissociation to discriminate among tolerant, resistant, and persistent bacteria. Biofilm quantification and small-colony morphologies were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. Because of experimental variability induced by the starting bacterial inoculum, relative changes were compared since absolute values may not have been statistically comparable. RESULTS Antibiotic-naïve S. aureus placed under the selective pressure of rifampicin initially survived within an emerging biofilm by using tolerance given that biofilm resident cell viability revealed 1.0 x 108 CFU, of which 7.5 x 106 CFU were attributed to the emergence of resistance and 9.3 x 107 CFU of which were attributed to the development of tolerance. Previous exposure of S. aureus to rifampicin obviated tolerance-mediate survival when rifampicin resistance was present, since the number of viable biofilm resident cells (9.5 x 109 CFU) nearly equaled the number of rifampicin-resistant bacteria (1.1 x 1010 CFU). Bacteria exposed to an antibiotic with poor biofilm penetration, like vancomycin, survive within an emerging biofilm by using tolerance as well because the biofilm resident cell viability for vancomycin-naïve (1.6 x 1010 CFU) and vancomycin-resistant (1.0 x 1010 CFU) S. aureus could not be accounted for by emergence of resistance. Adding rifampicin to vancomycin resulted in a nearly 500-fold reduction in vancomycin-tolerant bacteria from 1.5 x 1010 CFU to 3.3 x 107 CFU. Small-colony variant S. aureus emerged within the tolerant bacterial population within 24 hours of biofilm-penetrating antibiotic administration. Scanning electron microscopy before membrane dissociation confirmed the presence of small, uniform cells with biofilm-related microstructures when unexposed to rifampicin as well as large, misshapen, lysed cells with a small-colony variant morphology [29, 41, 42, 63] and a lack of biofilm-related microstructures when exposed to rifampicin. This visually confirmed the rapid emergence of small-colony variants within the sessile niche of a developing biofilm when exposed to an antibiotic that exerted selective pressure. CONCLUSION Tolerance explains why surgical and nonsurgical modalities that rely on antibiotics to "treat" residual microscopic biofilm may fail over time. The differential emergence of resistance based on biofilm penetration may explain why some suppressive antibiotic therapies that do not penetrate biofilm well may rely on bacterial control while limiting the emergence of resistance. However, this strategy fails to address the tolerant bacterial niche that harbors persistent bacteria with a small-colony variant morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our work establishes biofilm-mediated antibiotic tolerance as a neglected feature of bacterial communities that prevents the effective treatment of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Manasherob
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jake A. Mooney
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David W. Lowenberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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26
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Guzmán-Soto I, McTiernan C, Gonzalez-Gomez M, Ross A, Gupta K, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Griffith M, Alarcon EI. Mimicking biofilm formation and development: Recent progress in in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. iScience 2021; 24:102443. [PMID: 34013169 PMCID: PMC8113887 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation in living organisms is associated to tissue and implant infections, and it has also been linked to the contribution of antibiotic resistance. Thus, understanding biofilm development and being able to mimic such processes is vital for the successful development of antibiofilm treatments and therapies. Several decades of research have contributed to building the foundation for developing in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. However, no such thing as an "all fit" in vitro or in vivo biofilm models is currently available. In this review, in addition to presenting an updated overview of biofilm formation, we critically revise recent approaches for the improvement of in vitro and in vivo biofilm models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guzmán-Soto
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Mayte Gonzalez-Gomez
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Alex Ross
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Keshav Gupta
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
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27
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Combatting fungal biofilm formation by diffusive release of fluconazole from heptylamine plasma polymer coating. Biointerphases 2020; 15:061012. [PMID: 33339460 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug-eluting coating applied onto biomedical devices and implants is an appropriate way to ensure that an inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial drugs is present at the device surface, thus preventing surface colonization and subsequent biofilm formation. In this study, a thin polymer coating was applied to materials, and it acted as a drug-delivery reservoir capable of surface delivery of the antifungal drug fluconazole to amounts up to 21 μg/cm2. The release kinetics into aqueous solution were quantified by UV spectroscopy and conformed to the Ritger-Peppas and Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Complementary microbiological assays were used to determine effectiveness against Candida albicans attachment and biofilm formation, and against the control heptylamine plasma polymer coating without drug loading, on which substantial fungal growth occurred. Fluconazole release led to marked antifungal activity in all assays, with log 1.6 reduction in CFUs/cm2. Cell viability assays and microscopy revealed that fungal cells attached to the fluconazole-loaded coating remained rounded and did not form hyphae and biofilm. Thus, in vitro screening results for fluconazole-releasing surface coatings showed efficacy in the prevention of the formation of Candida albicans biofilm.
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28
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Baldan R, Sendi P. Precision Medicine in the Diagnosis and Management of Orthopedic Biofilm Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:580671. [PMID: 33240905 PMCID: PMC7683765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.580671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic biofilm infections are difficult to treat and require a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostics and management. Recent advances in the field include methods to disrupt biofilm, sequencing tools, and antibiotic susceptibility tests for bacteria residing in biofilm. The observation of interclonal differences in biofilm properties of the causative microorganisms, together with considerations of comorbidities and polypharmacy in a growing aging population, calls for a personalized approach to treat these infections. In this article, we highlight aspects of precision medicine that may open new perspectives in the diagnosis and management of orthopedic biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Baldan
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Infections, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Craven V, Hausdorff WP, Everard ML. High levels of inherent variability in microbiological assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children with persistent bacterial bronchitis and healthy controls. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:3209-3214. [PMID: 32915513 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is widely regarded as providing "gold standard" samples for infective lower respiratory tract disease. Current approaches have been adopted empirically without robust assessment and hence carry many assumptions that have not been tested. Many of these uncertainties were highlighted in the ATS pediatric bronchoscopy guidelines. This study was designed to explore some of these issues. BAL was undertaken via an endotracheal tube in 13 subjects aged less than 6 years with persistent bacterial bronchitis and five healthy controls. Aliquots of the same pooled BAL sample were sent to two accredited laboratories. one producing semiquantitative results and the other quantitative results. For five patients potentially pathogenic bacteria were grown by one laboratory but not the other, while in three more there were discrepancies in the organisms reported. Despite being symptomatic and off antibiotics, only 3 of 13 patients were reported to have a pathogen at a density of more than 1 × 104 colony forming unit. There was at best a poor correlation between semiquantitative and quantitative data. Potential pathogens were cultured in two of five control samples. The results suggest that the results from conventional microbiological assessment of BAL samples can be highly variable and that the proposal that a discrete cut-off is of value in patients with chronic endobronchial infection is probably invalid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Craven
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - William P Hausdorff
- PATH, Washington, DC, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark L Everard
- Division of Child Health, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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30
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Silvestre I, Borrego MJ, Jordão L. Biofilm formation by ST17 and ST19 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:311-318. [PMID: 32896574 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are an important virulence factor with a vital role in evasion from the host immune system, colonization and infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of three environmental factors (H+, glucose and human plasma) in biofilm formation, by carrier and invasive Streptococcus agalactiae strains of ST17 and ST19 sequence types, including DNase producers and non-producers. Bacteria ability to assemble biofilms was classified based on crystal violet assay. Biofilm formation was also monitored by scanning electron microscopy. Depending on the growth medium used, each bacterial isolate could fit in different biofilm production categories. Our data showed that optimal conditions for S. agalactiae biofilm assembly were reached after 48 h incubation at pH 7.6 in the presence of glucose and inactivated human plasma. In the presence of inactivated human plasma, the biofilm biomass of ST19 strains experienced a higher increase than ST17 strains. The composition of the extracellular polymeric matrix of the three strongest biofilm producers (all from ST17) was accessed by enzymatic digestion of mature biofilms and proteins were shown to be the predominant component. The detailed identification of the extracellular protein components should contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to fight S. agalactiae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Silvestre
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria José Borrego
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Jordão
- Department of Environmental Health, Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
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31
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Stoffel JJ, Kohler Riedi PL, Hadj Romdhane B. A multimodel regime for evaluating effectiveness of antimicrobial wound care products in microbial biofilms. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:438-447. [PMID: 32175636 PMCID: PMC7540695 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have become increasingly recognized as a cause of wound chronicity. There are several topical antimicrobial wound care products available for use; however, their effectiveness has routinely been demonstrated with planktonic microorganisms. There is no target reference value for antimicrobial effectiveness of wound care products in biofilm models. In addition, data on antimicrobial activity of products in biofilm models are scattered across many test methods in a variety of studies. The aim of this work is to directly compare commercial products containing the commonly used topical antimicrobial agents iodine, silver, polyhexamethylene biguanide, octenidine, hypochlorous acid, benzalkonium chloride, and a surfactant-based topical containing poloxamer 188. Five different in vitro biofilm models of varied complexity were used, incorporating several bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter. The fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida auris were also evaluated. A multispecies bacterial biofilm model was also used to evaluate the products. Additionally, C. albicans was used in combination with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in a multikingdom version of the polymicrobial biofilm model. Statistically significant differences in antimicrobial performance were observed between treatments in each model and changing microbial growth conditions or combinations of organisms resulted in significant performance differences for some treatments. The iodine and benzalkonium chloride-containing products were overall the most effective in vitro and were then selected for in vivo evaluation in an infected immunocompromised murine model. Unexpectedly, the iodine product was statistically (P > .05) no different than the untreated control, while the benzalkonium chloride containing product significantly (P < .05) reduced the biofilm compared to untreated control. This body of work demonstrates the importance of not only evaluating antimicrobial wound care products in biofilm models but also the importance of using several different models to gain a comprehensive understanding of products' effectiveness.
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32
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Luze H, Holzer J, Nischwitz SP, Kamolz LP. The importance of in vivo biofilm models for clinical practice. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 28:578-579. [PMID: 32432813 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Luze
- COREMED - Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Holzer
- COREMED - Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian P Nischwitz
- COREMED - Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- COREMED - Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria.,Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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33
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Wannigama DL, Hurst C, Hongsing P, Pearson L, Saethang T, Chantaravisoot N, Singkham-In U, Luk-In S, Storer RJ, Chatsuwan T. A rapid and simple method for routine determination of antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:8. [PMID: 32169075 PMCID: PMC7071750 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming biofilms after antimicrobial testing on planktonic bacteria can result in substantial failure. Therefore, we offer a robust and simple experimental platform to test the impact of antimicrobials on biofilms. Antibiotic response patterns varied uniquely within biofilm formation capacity and minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) has a significantly better discriminatory power than minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to differentiate the overall efficiency of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm. Our resazurin-based 96-well-plate platform is able to emulate bacterial responses to antibiotics under biofilm conditions in a fast, simple, and cost-effective screening method adaptable to automation, and warrants trials in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Department of Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Center of Excellence in Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parichart Hongsing
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Lachlan Pearson
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthaibhorn Singkham-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kristensen MF, Leonhardt D, Neland MLB, Schlafer S. A 3D printed microfluidic flow-cell for microscopy analysis of in situ-grown biofilms. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 171:105876. [PMID: 32087186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm phenomena ranging from metabolic processes to attachment, detachment and quorum sensing are influenced by the fluid flow across the biofilm. A number of commercially available flow-cells allow for microscopy analysis of laboratory biofilms under flow, but there is a lack of shear controlled microfluidic devices that accommodate biofilms grown in situ on carriers or tissue samples. Therefore, we developed a flow-cell with adjustable geometry for microscopy analysis of in situ-grown biofilm samples under shear-controlled flow. The flow-cells were designed as one-piece disposable models, 3D-printed in resin and sealed with a coverslip after insertion of the biofilm sample. As a proof of concept, we studied the impact of stimulated saliva flow on pH developments in in situ-grown dental biofilms exposed to sucrose. Under static conditions, pH dropped in the biofilms, with pronounced differences between individual biofilms, but also between different microscopic fields of view within one biofilm. pH in the top layer of the biofilms tended to be lower than pH in the bottom layer. Under conditions of stimulated saliva flow (5 mm/min), pH rose to neutral or slightly alkaline values in all biofilms, and the vertical gradients were reversed, with the biofilm bottom becoming more acidic than the top. Hence, the present work demonstrates the importance of flow for the study of pH in dental biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Frost Kristensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
| | - Dirk Leonhardt
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
| | | | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
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35
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Lattwein KR, Shekhar H, Kouijzer JJP, van Wamel WJB, Holland CK, Kooiman K. Sonobactericide: An Emerging Treatment Strategy for Bacterial Infections. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:193-215. [PMID: 31699550 PMCID: PMC9278652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been developed as both a diagnostic tool and a potent promoter of beneficial bio-effects for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections. Bacterial infections, especially those involving biofilm on implants, indwelling catheters and heart valves, affect millions of people each year, and many deaths occur as a consequence. Exposure of microbubbles or droplets to ultrasound can directly affect bacteria and enhance the efficacy of antibiotics or other therapeutics, which we have termed sonobactericide. This review summarizes investigations that have provided evidence for ultrasound-activated microbubble or droplet treatment of bacteria and biofilm. In particular, we review the types of bacteria and therapeutics used for treatment and the in vitro and pre-clinical experimental setups employed in sonobactericide research. Mechanisms for ultrasound enhancement of sonobactericide, with a special emphasis on acoustic cavitation and radiation force, are reviewed, and the potential for clinical translation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R Lattwein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joop J P Kouijzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J B van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Klazina Kooiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Blanchette V, Belosinschi D, Lai TT, Cloutier L, Barnabé S. New Antibacterial Paper Made of Silver Phosphate Cellulose Fibers: A Preliminary Study on the Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus Involved in Diabetic Foot Ulceration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1304016. [PMID: 31998775 PMCID: PMC6973200 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1304016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial effect of a paper made of silver phosphate cellulose fibers (SPCF) on Staphylococcus aureus, the most common diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) pathogen when compared with other common commercial products. METHODS The antibacterial activity of SPCF samples was evaluated through time with cell counting on agar plates. SPCF samples were then compared with commercial wound care products currently in use in DFU treatments (Silvercel™, Acticoat 7, and Aquacel Ag ExtraTM) through time on agar plates (growth inhibition zones). RESULTS After 6 hours, there was no viable bacterial cell detected on either plate (p < 0.05). There was a net growth inhibition zone for SPCF samples but no significant difference between the two silver concentrations. Compared with common commercial products, SPCF paper provides results equal to Acticoat 7 (p < 0.05). There was a net growth inhibition zone for SPCF samples but no significant difference between the two silver concentrations. Compared with common commercial products, SPCF paper provides results equal to Acticoat 7 (p < 0.05). There was a net growth inhibition zone for SPCF samples but no significant difference between the two silver concentrations. Compared with common commercial products, SPCF paper provides results equal to Acticoat 7 (. CONCLUSIONS These results have shown the efficiency of SPCF paper to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus in these conditions. SPCF papers are effective when compared with other common commercial products and could have an industrial potential in wound care. Infected DFU could benefit from the antibacterial effectiveness of SPCF, but more relevant experimentations related to foot ulcers are needed.Staphylococcus aureus, the most common diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) pathogen when compared with other common commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Blanchette
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Podiatric Medicine Program, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Dan Belosinschi
- Innofibre, Cégep de Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5E6, Canada
| | - Thanh Tung Lai
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Lignocellulosic Material Research Center, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Lyne Cloutier
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Nursing Department, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Simon Barnabé
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Lignocellulosic Material Research Center, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics, 3351, Boul. des Forges, C.P.500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G8Z 4M3, Canada
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37
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Francolini I, Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P. Biofilms, Biomaterials, and Device-Related Infections. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Schwarzer S, James GA, Goeres D, Bjarnsholt T, Vickery K, Percival SL, Stoodley P, Schultz G, Jensen SO, Malone M. The efficacy of topical agents used in wounds for managing chronic biofilm infections: A systematic review. J Infect 2019; 80:261-270. [PMID: 31899281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinicians have increasingly adopted the widespread use of topical agents to manage chronic wound infections, despite limited data on their effectiveness in vivo. This study sought to evaluate the evidence for commonly employed topical agents used in wounds for the purpose of treating chronic infections caused by biofilm. METHOD We included in vitro, animal and human in vivo studies where topical agents were tested for their efficacy against biofilms, for use in wound care. For human studies, we only included those which utilised appropriate identification techniques for visualising and confirming the presence of biofilms. RESULT A total of 640 articles were identified, with 43 included after meeting eligibility. In vitro testing accounted for 90% (n = 39) of all included studies, five studies using animal models and three human in vivo studies. Sixteen different laboratory models were utilised, with the most frequent being the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC™) / well plate assay (38%, n = 15 of 39). A total of 44 commercially available topical agents were grouped into twelve categories with the most commonly tested agents being silver, iodine and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). In vitro results on efficacy demonstrated iodine as having the highest mean log10 reductions of all agents (4.81, ±3.14). CONCLUSION There is large disparity in the translation of laboratory studies to researchers undertaking human trials relating to the effectiveness of commercially available topical agents. There is insufficient human in vivo evidence to definitively recommend any commercially available topical agent over another for the treatment of chronic wound biofilms. The heterogeneity identified between study designs (in vitro to in vivo) further limits the generalisability of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schwarzer
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
| | - G A James
- Centre for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - D Goeres
- Centre for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - T Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney Australia
| | - S L Percival
- 5D Health Protection Group Ltd, Centre of Excellence in Biofilm Science (CEBS), Liverpool Bio-Innovation Hub, Liverpool UK
| | - P Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Orthopaedics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - G Schultz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - S O Jensen
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, United States
| | - M Malone
- South West Sydney Limb Preservation and Wound Research, South West Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Western Sydney University, United States
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39
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Coenye T, Kjellerup B, Stoodley P, Bjarnsholt T. The future of biofilm research - Report on the '2019 Biofilm Bash'. Biofilm 2019; 2:100012. [PMID: 33447799 PMCID: PMC7798458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In May 2019, 29 scientists with expertise in various subdisciplines of biofilm research got together in Leavenworth (WA, USA) at an event designated as the ‘2019 Biofilm Bash’. The goal of this informal two-day meeting was first to identify gaps in our knowledge, and then to come up with ways how the biofilm community can fill these gaps. The meeting was organized around six questions that covered the most important items brought forward by the organizers and participants. The outcome of these discussions is summarized in the present paper. We are aware that these views represent a small subset of our field, and that inevitably we will have inadvertently overlooked important developing research areas and ideas. We are nevertheless hopeful that this report will stimulate discussions and help create new ways of how we can advance our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,ESCMID Study Group on Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birthe Kjellerup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC), UK.,National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- ESCMID Study Group on Biofilms, Basel, Switzerland.,Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates is Differentially Affected by Glucose and Sodium Chloride Supplemented Culture Media. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111853. [PMID: 31684101 PMCID: PMC6912320 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes persistent biofilm-related infections. Biofilm formation by S. aureus is affected by the culture conditions and is associated with certain genotypic characteristics. Here, we show that glucose and sodium chloride (NaCl) supplementation of culture media, a common practice in studies of biofilms in vitro, influences both biofilm formation by 40 S. aureus clinical isolates (methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus) and causes variations in biofilm quantification. Methicillin-resistant strains formed more robust biofilms than methicillin-sensitive strains in tryptic soy broth (TSB). However, glucose supplementation in TSB greatly promoted and stabilized biofilm formation of all strains, while additional NaCl was less efficient in this respect and resulted in significant variation in biofilm measurements. In addition, we observed that the ST239-SCCmec (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec) type III lineage formed strong biofilms in TSB supplemented with glucose and NaCl. Links between biofilm formation and accessory gene regulator (agr) status, as assessed by δ-toxin production, and with mannitol fermentation were not found. Our results show that TSB supplemented with 1.0% glucose supports robust biofilm production and reproducible quantification of S. aureus biofilm formation in vitro, whereas additional NaCl results in major variations in measurements of biofilm formation.
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41
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Król JE, Hall DC, Balashov S, Pastor S, Sibert J, McCaffrey J, Lang S, Ehrlich RL, Earl J, Mell JC, Xiao M, Ehrlich GD. Genome rearrangements induce biofilm formation in Escherichia coli C - an old model organism with a new application in biofilm research. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:767. [PMID: 31640553 PMCID: PMC6805351 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli C forms more robust biofilms than other laboratory strains. Biofilm formation and cell aggregation under a high shear force depend on temperature and salt concentrations. It is the last of five E. coli strains (C, K12, B, W, Crooks) designated as safe for laboratory purposes whose genome has not been sequenced. RESULTS Here we present the complete genomic sequence of this strain in which we utilized both long-read PacBio-based sequencing and high resolution optical mapping to confirm a large inversion in comparison to the other laboratory strains. Notably, DNA sequence comparison revealed the absence of several genes thought to be involved in biofilm formation, including antigen 43, waaSBOJYZUL for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, and cpsB for curli synthesis. The first main difference we identified that likely affects biofilm formation is the presence of an IS3-like insertion sequence in front of the carbon storage regulator csrA gene. This insertion is located 86 bp upstream of the csrA start codon inside the - 35 region of P4 promoter and blocks the transcription from the sigma32 and sigma70 promoters P1-P3 located further upstream. The second is the presence of an IS5/IS1182 in front of the csgD gene. And finally, E. coli C encodes an additional sigma70 subunit driven by the same IS3-like insertion sequence. Promoter analyses using GFP gene fusions provided insights into understanding this regulatory pathway in E. coli. CONCLUSIONS Biofilms are crucial for bacterial survival, adaptation, and dissemination in natural, industrial, and medical environments. Most laboratory strains of E. coli grown for decades in vitro have evolved and lost their ability to form biofilm, while environmental isolates that can cause infections and diseases are not safe to work with. Here, we show that the historic laboratory strain of E. coli C produces a robust biofilm and can be used as a model organism for multicellular bacterial research. Furthermore, we ascertained the full genomic sequence of this classic strain, which provides for a base level of characterization and makes it useful for many biofilm-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław E. Król
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Donald C. Hall
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Sergey Balashov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Steven Pastor
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Justin Sibert
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jennifer McCaffrey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Steven Lang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Rachel L. Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Joshua Earl
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Joshua C. Mell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ming Xiao
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Garth D. Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Surgical Infections and Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Brown JL, Johnston W, Delaney C, Short B, Butcher MC, Young T, Butcher J, Riggio M, Culshaw S, Ramage G. Polymicrobial oral biofilm models: simplifying the complex. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1573-1584. [PMID: 31524581 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, numerous studies have used oral biofilm models to investigate growth kinetics, biofilm formation, structure and composition, antimicrobial susceptibility and host-pathogen interactions. In vivo animal models provide useful models of some oral diseases; however, these are expensive and carry vast ethical implications. Oral biofilms grown or maintained in vitro offer a useful platform for certain studies and have the advantages of being inexpensive to establish and easy to reproduce and manipulate. In addition, a wide range of variables can be monitored and adjusted to mimic the dynamic environmental changes at different sites in the oral cavity, such as pH, temperature, salivary and gingival crevicular fluid flow rates, or microbial composition. This review provides a detailed insight for early-career oral science researchers into how the biofilm models used in oral research have progressed and improved over the years, their advantages and disadvantages, and how such systems have contributed to our current understanding of oral disease pathogenesis and aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Brown
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - William Johnston
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Christopher Delaney
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Bryn Short
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mark C Butcher
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Tracy Young
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - John Butcher
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Marcello Riggio
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
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43
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Le KY, Villaruz AE, Zheng Y, He L, Fisher EL, Nguyen TH, Ho TV, Yeh AJ, Joo HS, Cheung GYC, Otto M. Role of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:3015-3027. [PMID: 30954574 PMCID: PMC10999989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are amphipathic, alpha-helical peptides that are secreted by staphylococci in high amounts in a quorum-sensing-controlled fashion. Studies performed predominantly in Staphylococcus aureus showed that PSMs structure biofilms, which results in reduced biofilm mass, while it has also been reported that S. aureus PSMs stabilize biofilms due to amyloid formation. We here analyzed the roles of PSMs in in vitro and in vivo biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the leading cause of indwelling device-associated biofilm infection. We produced isogenic deletion mutants for every S. epidermidis psm locus and a sequential deletion mutant in which production of all PSMs was abolished. In vitro analysis substantiated the role of all PSMs in biofilm structuring. PSM-dependent biofilm expansion was not observed, in accordance with our finding that no S. epidermidis PSM produced amyloids. In a mouse model of indwelling device-associated infection, the total psm deletion mutant had a significant defect in dissemination. Notably, the total psm mutant produced a significantly more substantial biofilm on the implanted catheter than the wild-type strain. Our study, which for the first time directly quantified the impact of PSMs on biofilm expansion on an implanted device, shows that the in vivo biofilm infection phenotype in S. epidermidis is in accordance with the PSM biofilm structuring and detachment model, which has important implications for the potential therapeutic application of quorum-sensing blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y Le
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Amer E Villaruz
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lei He
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Emilie L Fisher
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Thuan H Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Trung V Ho
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Anthony J Yeh
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Hwang-Soo Joo
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gordon Y C Cheung
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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44
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Bidossi A, Bottagisio M, De Grandi R, Drago L, De Vecchi E. Chlorquinaldol, a topical agent for skin and wound infections: anti-biofilm activity and biofilm-related antimicrobial cross-resistance. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2177-2189. [PMID: 31410037 PMCID: PMC6650094 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s211007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Persistence of skin and wound infections is nowadays accepted being linked to bacterial biofilms, which are highly recalcitrant to treatments and contribute to maintain a constant inflammation state and prevent a correct healing. Topical antimicrobials are the most common first-line self-medications; however, treatment failure is not uncommon and emerging resistance to antibiotics is alarming. Chlorquinaldol is an antimicrobial with a wide spectrum of activity and desirable characteristics for topical application. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorquinaldol to prevent or eradicate S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms, in comparison to classic topical antibiotics like gentamicin and fusidic acid. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were assessed for each strain and subinhibitory concentrations (½ and ¼ MIC) were used in the biofilm assay. Antimicrobial assays were performed during biofilm formation or were applied on mature biofilms and were evaluated by means of crystal violet assay and confocal laser scan microscopy. Results Chlorquinaldol and gentamicin were the most effective antimicrobials in both eradicating and preventing pathogens biofilm; however, resistance to methicillin and impermeability to carbapenems impaired chlorquinaldol effect. In addition, similarly to other hydroxyquinolines, aspecific metal chelation is here proposed as chlorquinaldol mode of action. Conclusion Relying on an acceptable antibiofilm and a wide spectrum of activity, an aspecific mode of action and consequent absence of resistance development, chlorquinaldol proved to be a good antimicrobial for topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bidossi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta De Grandi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Vecchi
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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45
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Halstead FD, Webber MA, Oppenheim BA. Use of an engineered honey to eradicate preformed biofilms of important wound pathogens: an in vitro study. J Wound Care 2019; 26:442-450. [PMID: 28795889 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.8.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported on the ability of SurgihoneyRO (SHRO), an engineered honey, to prevent biofilm formation in vitro, but data were lacking regarding the activity against preformed biofilms. This study aims to assess whether SHRO has any antibacterial activity against mature, preformed biofilms and whether there is any evidence to support the observed clinical effectiveness when SHRO has been used anecdotally on acute and chronic wounds where biofilm is most likely present. METHOD We tested the in vitro antibacterial activity of SHRO against the mature biofilms of 16 clinically relevant wound pathogens, in terms of impacts on biofilm seeding and biofilm biomass. The honey was serially double diluted from 1:3 down to 1:6144, and the lowest dilution achieving a statistically significant reduction in biomass of ≥50%, compared with untreated controls, was recorded. RESULTS All 16 bacterial isolates were susceptible to SHRO, with reduced biofilm seeding observed for all, and percentage reductions ranging from 58% (ACI_C59) to 94.3% (MDR_B) for the strongest concentration of honey (1:3). Furthermore at this concentration, biofilm seeding of the test biofilm was reduced by 80-94.3% (when compared with the positive control) for 12/16 isolates. We additionally demonstrated that SHRO has antibiofilm impacts, with the 24 hour exposure resulting in disruption of the biofilm, reduced seeding and reduced biomass. CONCLUSION SHRO is effective at reducing seeding of preformed biofilms of clinically important wound pathogens in vitro, and also has antibiofilm activity. This supports the anecdotal clinical data for antibiofilm efficacy, and supports the use of SHRO as a promising topical wound care agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Halstead
- Clinical Scientist, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A Webber
- Research Leader, NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
| | - B A Oppenheim
- Consultant Microbiologist, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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46
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Xu M, Khan A, Wang T, Song Q, Han C, Wang Q, Gao L, Huang X, Li P, Huang W. Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel with Potent in Vivo Contact-Active Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Promoting Activities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3329-3340. [PMID: 35030775 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Abidullah Khan
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qing Song
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jiefang Road 88, Hangzhou 310009, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
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CORR Insights®: Is Implant Coating With Tyrosol- and Antibiotic-loaded Hydrogel Effective in Reducing Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes Biofilm Formation? A Preliminary In Vitro Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:1747-1749. [PMID: 31107334 PMCID: PMC6999968 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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48
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Stewart PS, Parker AE. Measuring Antimicrobial Efficacy against Biofilms: a Meta-analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e00020-19. [PMID: 30803974 PMCID: PMC6496104 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00020-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a statistical meta-analysis of published data on antimicrobial efficacy against biofilms formed by two common bacterial species, it was concluded that the particular experimental method used is the most important factor determining the outcome of the test. An expected dose-response relationship (greater killing with higher doses or longer treatment times) was observed for data sets derived from a single method but was not observed when data from multiple studies using diverse methods were pooled. Method-specific properties such as the surface area/volume ratio, areal biofilm cell density, and microbial species were shown to influence quantitative measurements of biofilm killing. A better appreciation of the method characteristics that affect antibiofilm efficacy tests could aid decision-making related to investment in research and development and regulatory approvals for biofilm control strategies. The following recommendations are offered to those working in research and development related to biofilm control: (i) report the log reduction, surface area/volume ratio, and biofilm areal cell density; (ii) include data for a benchmark agent, making sure that this agent performs competitively at the dose tested; (iii) measure the dose-response relationship, i.e., make measurements at multiple treatment concentrations or dose durations; and (iv) use a standardized method in addition to research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Albert E Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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49
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Wannigama DL, Hurst C, Pearson L, Saethang T, Singkham-In U, Luk-In S, Storer RJ, Chatsuwan T. Simple fluorometric-based assay of antibiotic effectiveness for Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6300. [PMID: 31004100 PMCID: PMC6474882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite strengthened antimicrobial therapy, biofilm infections of Acinetobacter baumannii are associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Assessing antibiotics on planktonic bacteria can result in failure against biofilm infections. Currently, antibiotics to treat biofilm infections are administered empirically, usually without considering the susceptibility of the biofilm objectively before beginning treatment. For effective therapy to resolve biofilm infections it is essential to assess the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics against biofilms. Here, we offer a robust and simple assay to assess the efficacy of antibiotics against biofilms. In the present work, we carefully optimized the incubation time, detection range, and fluorescence reading mode for resazurin-based viability staining of biofilms in 96-well-plates and determined minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) for A. baumannii isolates from patients with chronic infection. By applying this assay, we demonstrated that antibiotic response patterns varied uniquely within the biofilm formation of various clinical samples. MBEC-50 and 75 have significant discriminatory power over minimum inhibitory concentrations for planktonic suspensions to differentiate the overall efficiency of an antibiotic to eradicate a biofilm. The present assay is an ideal platform on which to assess the efficacy of antibiotics against biofilms in vitro to pave the way for more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- Center of Excellence in Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Statistics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Pearson
- Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Snowy River Vet Clinic and Veterinary Hospital, Orbost, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thammakorn Saethang
- Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthaibhorn Singkham-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Luk-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin James Storer
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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50
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Johani K, Malone M, Jensen SO, Dickson HG, Gosbell IB, Hu H, Yang Q, Schultz G, Vickery K. Evaluation of short exposure times of antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms: from in vitro to in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:494-502. [PMID: 29165561 PMCID: PMC5890786 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Test the performance of topical antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo model systems at clinically relevant exposure times. Methods Topical antimicrobial wound solutions were tested under three different conditions: (in vitro) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil, polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine and hypochlorous acid were tested at short duration exposure times for 15 min against 3 day mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ex vivo) hypochlorous acid was tested in a porcine skin explant model with 12 cycles of 10 min exposure, over 24 h, against 3 day mature P. aeruginosa biofilms; and (in vivo) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil was applied for 15 min exposure, daily, for 7 days, in 10 patients with chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm. Results In vitro assessment demonstrated variable efficacy in reducing biofilms ranging from 0.5 log10 reductions to full eradication. Repeated instillation of hypochlorous acid in a porcine model achieved <1 log10 reduction (0.77 log10, P = 0.1). Application of 4% w/v Melaleuca oil in vivo resulted in no change to the total microbial load of diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm (median log10 microbial load pre-treatment = 4.9 log10 versus 4.8 log10, P = 0.43). Conclusions Short durations of exposure to topical antimicrobial wound solutions commonly utilized by clinicians are ineffective against microbial biofilms, particularly when used in vivo. Wound solutions should not be used as a sole therapy and clinicians should consider multifaceted strategies that include sharp debridement as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johani
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Central Military Laboratories and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Malone
- High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia.,Liverpool Diabetes Collaborative Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - S O Jensen
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - H G Dickson
- Ambulatory Care Department (PIXI), Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - I B Gosbell
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Service, New South Wales Health Pathology, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Schultz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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