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Wang X, Xue Q, Duan Q, Sun Z, Wu Y, Yang S, Xu P, Cao H, Liao F, Wang X, Miao C. Circ_0011058 alleviates RA pathology through the circ_0011058/miR-335-5p/CUL4B signal axis. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2299587. [PMID: 38254314 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2299587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study found that Cullin 4B (CUL4B) inhibited rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology through glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β)/canonical Wnt signalling pathway. In this work, pre-experiment and bioinformatics analysis suggested that circ_0011058 may lead to the up-regulation of CUL4B expression by inhibiting miR-335-5p. Therefore, we studied whether circ_0011058 can promote the expression of CUL4B through sponging the miR-335-5p and further promote the pathological development of RA. Bioinformatics prediction, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB), double luciferase reporter gene and other relevant methods were used to study the inhibition of circ_0011058 on RA pathology and its molecular mechanism. Results showed that the expression of circ_0011058 was significantly increased in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats and RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). The knockout of circ_0011058 inhibited the proliferation of AA FLS and RA FLS, decreased the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), fibronectin, which showed that circ_0011058 had a strong role in promoting RA pathology. Furthermore, miR-335-5p expression was reduced in AA rats and RA FLS. The highly expressed circ_0011058 directly sponged the miR-335-5p, which led to the increase of CUL4B expression and promoted the activation of the GSK3β/canonical signalling pathway. Finally, we confirmed that miR-335-5p mediated the roles of circ_0011058 in promoting RA pathological development, which showed that the circ_0011058/miR-335-5p/CUL4B signal axis was involved in RA pathology. This work was of great significance for clarifying the roles of circ_0011058 in RA pathology, and further work was needed to establish whether circ_0011058 was a potential therapeutic target or diagnostic marker for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Humanistic Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangjun Duan
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Department of Scientific Research Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Huibo Cao
- Chuzhou Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Chuzhou, China
| | - Faxue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Rheumatism, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Singh H, Jakhar R, Kirar M, Sehrawat N. A systematic evaluation of sample preparation and 2-D gel electrophoresis protocol for mosquito proteomic profiling. MethodsX 2024; 12:102677. [PMID: 38660035 PMCID: PMC11041838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
-Mosquito act as the carrier insect to transfer pathogens into hosts for various vector-borne diseases.To identify the pathogenesis causing determinant, comprehensive knowledge of the protein expression in different tissues and physiological conditions is very important. The most widely used technique is 2-D gel electrophoresis to study the protein expression in mosquitoes. 2-D gel electrophoresis is the multistep process to resolve intact protein with similar molecular weight. It is also useful to separate post-translational modified protein, which are not distinguished through shotgun proteomic analysis. Here, we optimized the protocol for 2-D gel electrophoresis that can effectively resolve the protein in mosquitoes and some other insects, to target immunogenic protein to fight against the vector borne disease. The optimized 2-D protocol helps to resolve complex proteomic data which is very difficult to analyze in mosquitoes.The updated protocol improved the protein solubility, resolution and visualization that help in comparative analysis of protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Singh
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Jakhar
- Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, India
| | - Manisha Kirar
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sehrawat
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Han Y, Li S, Zhang Z, Ning X, Wu J, Zhang X. Bawei Chenxiang Wan ameliorates right ventricular hypertrophy in rats with high altitude heart disease by SIRT3-HIF1α-PDK/PDH signaling pathway improving fatty acid and glucose metabolism. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:190. [PMID: 38750550 PMCID: PMC11094862 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bawei Chenxiang Wan (BCW) is among the most effective and widely used therapies for coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in Tibet. However, whether it confers protection through a right-ventricle (RV) myocardial metabolic mechanism is unknown. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administrated with BCW, which was injected concurrently with a bolus of Sugen5416, and subjected to hypoxia exposure (SuHx; 5000 m altitude) for 4 weeks. Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in high-altitude heart disease (HAHD) was assessed using Fulton's index (FI; ratio of RV to left ventricle + septum weights) and heart-weight-to-body-weight ratio (HW/BW). The effect of therapeutic administration of BCW on the RVH hemodynamics was assessed through catheterization (mean right ventricular pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mRVP and mPAP, respectively)). Tissue samples were used to perform histological staining, and confirmatory analyses of mRNA and protein levels were conducted to detect alterations in the mechanisms of RVH in HAHD. The protective mechanism of BCW was further verified via cell culture. RESULTS BCW considerably reduced SuHx-associated RVH, as indicated by macro morphology, HW/BW ratio, FI, mPAP, mRVP, hypertrophy markers, heart function, pathological structure, and myocardial enzymes. Moreover, BCW can alleviate the disorder of glucose and fatty acid metabolism through upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1ɑ, citrate synthase, and acetyl-CoA and downregulation of glucose transport-4, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate, which resulted in the reduced levels of free fatty acid and lactic acid and increased aerobic oxidation. This process may be mediated via the regulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α)-pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)/pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) signaling pathway. Subsequently, the inhibition of SIRT3 expression by 3-TYP (a selective inhibitor of SIRT3) can reverse substantially the anti-RVH effect of BCW in HAHD, as indicated by hypertrophy marker and serum myocardial enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS BCW prevented SuHx-induced RVH in HAHD via the SIRT3-HIF1ɑ-PDK/PDH signaling pathway to alleviate the disturbance in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, BCW can be used as an alternative drug for the treatment of RVH in HAHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Han
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
| | - Shadi Li
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ning
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Wenhui Road East, Weicheng District, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China.
- Joint Laboratory for Research On Active Components and Pharmacological Mechanism of Tibetan Materia Medica of Tibetan Medical Research Center of Tibet, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712082, P.R. China.
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Kilic P, Karabudak S, Cosar B, Savran BN, Yalcin M. Residual protein analysis by SDS-PAGE in clinically manufactured BM-MSC products. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38687192 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Residual substances that are considered hazardous to the recipient must be removed from final cellular therapeutic products manufactured for clinical purposes. In doing so, quality rules determined by competent authorities (CAs) for the clinical use of tissue- and cell-based products can be met. In our study, we carried out residual substance analyses, and purity determination studies of trypsin and trypsin inhibitor in clinically manufactured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell products, using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Despite being a semiquantitative method, SDS-PAGE has several benefits over other methods for protein analysis, such as simplicity, convenience of use, and affordability. Due to its convenience and adaptability, SDS-PAGE is still a commonly used method in many laboratories, despite its limits in dynamic range and quantitative precision. Our goal in this work was to show that SDS-PAGE may be used effectively for protein measurement, especially where practicality and affordability are the major factors. The results of our study suggest a validated method to guide tissue and cell manufacturing sites for making use of an agreeable, accessible, and cost-effective method for residual substance analyses in clinically manufactured cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Kilic
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Karabudak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Cosar
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Nigar Savran
- HücreCELL® Biotechnology Development and Commerce, Inc., Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Yalcin
- School of Pharmacy English Program, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wei Y, Ren X, Yuan Z, Hong J, Wang T, Chen W, Xu Y, Ding J, Lin J, Jiang W, Zhang P, Wu Q. Trauma diagnostic-related target proteins and their detection techniques. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e7. [PMID: 38602081 PMCID: PMC11062145 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Trauma is a significant health issue that not only leads to immediate death in many cases but also causes severe complications, such as sepsis, thrombosis, haemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome and traumatic brain injury, among trauma patients. Target protein identification technology is a vital technique in the field of biomedical research, enabling the study of biomolecular interactions, drug discovery and disease treatment. It plays a crucial role in identifying key protein targets associated with specific diseases or biological processes, facilitating further research, drug design and the development of treatment strategies. The application of target protein technology in biomarker detection enables the timely identification of newly emerging infections and complications in trauma patients, facilitating expeditious medical interventions and leading to reduced post-trauma mortality rates and improved patient prognoses. This review provides an overview of the current applications of target protein identification technology in trauma-related complications and provides a brief overview of the current target protein identification technology, with the aim of reducing post-trauma mortality, improving diagnostic efficiency and prognostic outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiLiu Wei
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Ren
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Yuan
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinwang Ding
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No. 2 Xueyuan Road, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127 Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyi Wu
- Department of Trauma Center & Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
- Department of Trauma Center and Emergency Surgery, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 350004 Fuzhou, China
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Yang X, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang C, Lin F, Yu J. Regulatory mechanism of perinatal nonylphenol exposure on cardiac mitochondrial autophagy and the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in male offspring rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155434. [PMID: 38367424 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether perinatal exposure to nonylphenol (NP) induces mitochondrial autophagy (i.e., mitophagy) damage in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and whether the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway is involved in NP-induced primary cardiomyocyte injury. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo: Perinatal NP exposure increased apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in NRCMs. Mitochondrial swelling and autophagosome-like structures with multiple concentric membranes were observed in the 100 mg/kg NP group, with an increase in the number of autophagosomes. Disorganized fiber arrangement and elevated serum myocardial enzyme levels were observed with increasing NP dosage. Additionally, NP exposure led to increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activity and ATP levels in myocardial tissue. The mRNA expression levels of autophagy-related genes, including Beclin-1, p62, and LC3B, as well as the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins (PINK1, p-Parkin, Parkin, Beclin-1, p62, LC3-I, LC3-II, and LC3-II/I) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and caspase-3), increased, whereas the expression levels of the mitochondrial membrane protein TOMM20 and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. In vitro: NP increased ROS levels, LDH release, and decreased ATP levels in NRCMs. CsA treatment significantly inhibited the expression of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, LC3-II/I, and p62) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 and Bax), increased the expression levels of TOMM20 and Bcl-2 proteins, increased cellular ATP levels, and inhibited LDH release. The inhibition of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway suppressed the expression of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins (PINK1, p-Parkin, Parkin, Beclin-1, LC3-II/I, and p62) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3 and Bax), increased TOMM20 and Bcl-2 protein expression, increased ATP levels, and decreased LDH levels in NRCMs. CONCLUSIONS This study is novel in reporting that perinatal NP exposure induced myocardial injury in male neonatal rats, thereby inducing mitophagy. The PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway was involved in this injury by regulating mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Yang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yuzhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chengxing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Fangmei Lin
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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You W, Li Y, Liu K, Mi X, Li Y, Guo X, Li Z. Latest assessment methods for mitochondrial homeostasis in cognitive diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:754-768. [PMID: 37843209 PMCID: PMC10664105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function, such as supporting normal energy metabolism, regulating reactive oxygen species, buffering physiological calcium loads, and maintaining the balance of morphology, subcellular distribution, and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics. Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions, mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences, from the perspectives of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics (including fission-fusion, transport, and mitophagy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
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Ran S, Song L, Yang H, Yu J, Zhen Y, Liu Q. Piperine alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301133. [PMID: 38547097 PMCID: PMC10977780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a high risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Piperine (Pip) is an extract of plants with powerful anti-inflammatory effects, however, the function of Pip in NASH remains elusive. Here, we aim to explore the role of Pip in NASH and to find the possible mechanisms. METHODS Methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diets were used to induce steatohepatitis, methionine- and choline-sufficient (MCS) diets were used as the control. After Pip treatment, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and F4/80 expression were performed to analysis liver steatosis and inflammation; Masson's staining, COL1A1 and α-SMA were detected liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated AML12 cells were used to as the cell model to induce pyroptosis. Then, pyroptosis-related proteins, IL-1β and LDH release were detected in vivo and in vitro. Finally, NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, was used to further demonstrate the mechanism of Pip in NASH. RESULTS The study found that Pip alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis in mice fed with MCD diets. Moreover, the pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD), IL-1β and LDH release were decreased by Pip treatment. NF-κB activation was suppressed by Pip treatment and pyroptosis-related proteins were down regulated by BAY11-7082. CONCLUSION Pip ameliorates NASH progression, and the therapeutical effect was associated with inhibition of hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suye Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Brooks HL, de Castro Brás LE, Brunt KR, Sylvester MA, Parvatiyar MS, Sirish P, Bansal SS, Sule R, Eadie AL, Knepper MA, Fenton RA, Lindsey ML, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Gomes AV. Guidelines on antibody use in physiology research. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F511-F533. [PMID: 38234298 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00347.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are one of the most used reagents in scientific laboratories and are critical components for a multitude of experiments in physiology research. Over the past decade, concerns about many biological methods, including those that use antibodies, have arisen as several laboratories were unable to reproduce the scientific data obtained in other laboratories. The lack of reproducibility could be largely attributed to inadequate reporting of detailed methods, no or limited verification by authors, and the production and use of unvalidated antibodies. The goal of this guideline article is to review best practices concerning commonly used techniques involving antibodies, including immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Awareness and integration of best practices will increase the rigor and reproducibility of these techniques and elevate the quality of physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | | | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Megan A Sylvester
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rasheed Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Ashley L Eadie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Research Service, Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Research Service, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, United States
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Liu Y, Tu S, Hu X, Xiong X, Pan Z, Liu Z, Zhu W, Luo D, Cui X, Huang C, Xie C. Development of an integrated and project-based laboratory course in upper-level biochemistry and molecular biology. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38415967 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
An integrated and projected-based laboratory course was described, integrating interconnected knowledge points and biochemistry and molecular biology techniques on a research project-based system. The program, which served as an essential extension of theoretical courses to practice, was conducted with a sophomore of basic medical science who had completed the course in medical biochemistry and molecular biology. This course engaged students in learning "genetic manipulation" and "recombinant DNA technology" to understand the target gene's role in disease mechanics, thus altering evaluation and treatment for clinical disease. Students could master applied and advanced techniques, such as cell culture, transfection, inducing exogenous fusion protein expression, purifying protein and its concentration assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western bot analysis. This laboratory exercise links laboratory practices with the methods of current basic research. Students need to complete the experimental design report and laboratory report, which could be advantageous for improving their ability to write lab summaries and scientific papers in the future. The reliability and validity analyses were conducted on the questionnaire, and we examined students' satisfaction with the course and their gains from the course. The student feedback was generally positive, indicating that the exercise helped consolidate theoretical knowledge, increase scientific research enthusiasm, and provide a powerful tool to be a better person and make informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezheng Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daya Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpei Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xiang J, Qi XL, Cao K, Ran LY, Zeng XX, Xiao X, Liao W, He WW, Hong W, He Y, Guan ZZ. Exposure to fluoride exacerbates the cognitive deficit of diabetic patients living in areas with endemic fluorosis, as well as of rats with type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin via a mechanism that may involve excessive activation of the poly(ADP ribose) polymerase-1/P53 pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169512. [PMID: 38145685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology has shown that fluoride exposure is associated with the occurrence of diabetes. However, whether fluoride affects diabetic encephalopathy is unclear. Elderly diabetic patients in areas with endemic (n = 169) or no fluorosis (108) and controls (85) underwent Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Sprague-Dawley rats receiving streptozotocin and/or different fluoride doses were examined for spatial learning and memory, brain morphology, blood-brain barrier, fasting blood glucose and insulin. Cultured SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 50 mM glucose and/or low- or high-dose fluoride, and P53-knockdown or poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibition. The levels of PARP-1, P53, poly-ADP-ribose (PAR), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and phosphorylated-histone H2A.X (ser139) were measured by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxydeguanosine (8-OHdG), PARP-1 activity, acetyl-P53, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), activities of mitochondrial hexokinase1 (HK1) and citrate synthase (CS), mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were assessed biochemically. Cognition of diabetic patients in endemic fluorosis areas was poorer than in other regions. In diabetic rats, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and blood-brain barrier permeability were elevated, while spatial learning and memory and Nissl body numbers in neurons declined. In these animals, expression and activity of P53 and PARP-1 and levels of NAD+, PAR, ROS, 8-OHdG, p-histone H2A.X (ser139), AIF and apoptosis content increased; whereas mitochondrial HK1 and CS activities and membrane potential decreased. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to glucose exhibited changes identical to diabetic rats. The changes in diabetic rats and cells treated with glucose were aggravated by fluoride. P53-knockout or PARP-1 inhibition mitigated the effects of glucose with/without low-dose fluoride. Elevation of diabetic encephalopathy was induced by exposure to fluoride and the underlying mechanism may involve overactivation of the PARP-1/P53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Long-Yan Ran
- Department of Medical Science and Technology at the Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zeng
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen He
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China.
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12
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Jung SE, Kim SW, Choi JW. Exploring Cardiac Exosomal RNAs of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 38398032 PMCID: PMC10886708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), often a frequent symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a major form of cardiovascular disease, necessitates a deep understanding of its complex pathophysiology to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. Exosomal RNAs (exoRNA), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) within cardiac tissues, play a critical role in intercellular communication and pathophysiological processes of AMI. METHODS This study aimed to delineate the exoRNA landscape, focusing especially on miRNAs in animal models using high-throughput sequencing. The approach included sequencing analysis to identify significant miRNAs in AMI, followed by validation of the functions of selected miRNAs through in vitro studies involving primary cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS Numerous differentially expressed miRNAs in AMI were identified using five mice per group. The functions of 20 selected miRNAs were validated through in vitro studies with primary cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This research enhances understanding of post-AMI molecular changes in cardiac tissues and investigates the potential of exoRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of AMIs, paving the way for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics and therapies and contributing to the advancement of cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Jung
- Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea
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13
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Saad KM, Salles ÉL, Naeini SE, Baban B, Abdelmageed ME, Abdelaziz RR, Suddek GM, Elmarakby AA. Reno-protective effect of protocatechuic acid is independent of sex-related differences in murine model of UUO-induced kidney injury. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:98-111. [PMID: 38214881 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive nephropathy is a condition often caused by urinary tract obstruction either anatomical (e.g., tumors), mechanical (e.g., urolithiasis), or compression (e.g., pregnancy) and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown sexual dimorphism in CKD, where males were found to have a more rapid decline in kidney function following kidney injury compared to age-matched females. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated promising effects in mitigating drug-induced kidney injuries. The current study aims to explore sexual dimorphism in kidney injury after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and assess whether PCA treatment can mitigate kidney injury in both sexes. METHODS UUO was induced in 10-12 weeks old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice were categorized into four groups (n = 6-8/group); Sham, Sham plus PCA (100 mg/kg, I.P daily), UUO, and UUO plus PCA. RESULTS After 2 weeks of induction of UUO, markers of kidney oxidative stress (TBARs), inflammation (IL-1α and IL-6), tubular injury (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL and urinary kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining, collagen IV expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9) and apoptosis (TUNEL+ cells, active caspase-1 and caspase-3) were significantly elevated in both males and females relative to their sham counterparts. Males exhibited significantly greater kidney oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis after induction of UUO when compared to females. PCA treatment significantly attenuated UUO-induced kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in both sexes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a differential gender response to UUO-induced kidney injury with males being more sensitive to UUO-induced kidney inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis than age-matched females. Importantly, PCA treatment reduced UUO-induced kidney injury in a sex-independent manner which might be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Saad
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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14
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Dowling P, Trollet C, Negroni E, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. How Can Proteomics Help to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Crosstalk in Muscular Dystrophy and Associated Multi-System Dysfunction? Proteomes 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38250815 PMCID: PMC10801633 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This perspective article is concerned with the question of how proteomics, which is a core technique of systems biology that is deeply embedded in the multi-omics field of modern bioresearch, can help us better understand the molecular pathogenesis of complex diseases. As an illustrative example of a monogenetic disorder that primarily affects the neuromuscular system but is characterized by a plethora of multi-system pathophysiological alterations, the muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy was examined. Recent achievements in the field of dystrophinopathy research are described with special reference to the proteome-wide complexity of neuromuscular changes and body-wide alterations/adaptations. Based on a description of the current applications of top-down versus bottom-up proteomic approaches and their technical challenges, future systems biological approaches are outlined. The envisaged holistic and integromic bioanalysis would encompass the integration of diverse omics-type studies including inter- and intra-proteomics as the core disciplines for systematic protein evaluations, with sophisticated biomolecular analyses, including physiology, molecular biology, biochemistry and histochemistry. Integrated proteomic findings promise to be instrumental in improving our detailed knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and multi-system dysfunction, widening the available biomarker signature of dystrophinopathy for improved diagnostic/prognostic procedures, and advancing the identification of novel therapeutic targets to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Center for Research in Myology U974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France; (C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Elisa Negroni
- Center for Research in Myology U974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute, 75013 Paris, France; (C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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15
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Erdmann L, Santos PI, Rieper P, Klafki HW, Beutner D, Wiltfang J, Outeiro TF, Setz C. Automated Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoblot for the Detection of Alpha-Synuclein in Mouse Tissue. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:681-692. [PMID: 38578903 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. aSyn is expressed throughout the brain, and can also be detected in various peripheral tissues. In fact, initial symptoms of PD are non-motoric and include autonomic dysfunction, suggesting that the periphery might play an important role in early development of the disease. aSyn is expressed at relatively low levels in non-central tissues, which brings challenges for its detection and quantification in different tissues. Objective Our goal was to assess the sensitivity of aSyn detection in central and peripheral mouse tissues through capillary electrophoresis (CE) immunoblot, considering the traditional SDS-PAGE immunoblot as the current standard. Methods Tissues from central and non-central origin from wild type mice were extracted, and included midbrain, inner ear, and esophagus/stomach. aSyn detection was assessed through immunoblotting using Simple Western size-based CE and SDS-PAGE. Results CE immunoblots show a consistent detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues. Through SDS-PAGE, immunoblots revealed a reliable signal corresponding to aSyn, particularly following membrane fixation. Conclusion Our results suggest a reliable detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues using the CE Simple Western immunoblot system. These observations can serve as preliminary datasets when aiming to formally compare CE with SDS-PAGE, as well as for further characterization of aSyn using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Erdmann
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrícia I Santos
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petra Rieper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans W Klafki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Setz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Ramineedu K, Sankaran KR, Mallepogu V, Rendedula DP, Gunturu R, Gandham S, Md SI, Meriga B. Thymoquinone mitigates obesity and diabetic parameters through regulation of major adipokines, key lipid metabolizing enzymes and AMPK/p-AMPK in diet-induced obese rats. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38125651 PMCID: PMC10728404 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic activity of Thymoquinone (ThyQ) isolated from Nigella sativa seeds. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups and fed either normal pellet diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and water ad-libitum. Group I: normal pellet diet (NPD)-fed, Group II: high-fat diet (HFD)-fed, Group III: HFD-fed-ThyQ (20 mg)-treated, Group IV: HFD-fed-ThyQ (40 mg)-treated and Group V: HFD-fed-Orlistat (5 mg)-treated group. Intervention with ThyQ started from 12th week onwards to HFD-fed rats of group III and IV. ThyQ administration significantly (p < 0.01) mitigated body weight gain, blood glucose, insulin level, serum and liver lipids (except HDL) and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin tolerance test (ITT). Furthermore, ThyQ significantly (p < 0.01) diminished serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), plasma leptin, resistin and visfatin levels but enhanced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adiponectin levels. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated down-regulated mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) but upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1).Western blot analysis displayed phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ThyQ-treated rats. Liver microtome sections of HFD-fed rats showed degenerated hepatocytes with high lipid stores while that of adipose tissue sections displayed large, fat-laden adipocytes, however, these histological changes were considerably attenuated in ThyQ-treated groups. Together these findings demonstrate that ThyQ can be a valuable therapeutic compound to potentially alleviate diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03847-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Ramineedu
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Venkataswamy Mallepogu
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | | | | | - Sreedevi Gandham
- Department of ECE, Siddartha Educational Academy Group of Institutions, Tirupati, AP 517502 India
| | - Shahidul Islam Md
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Balaji Meriga
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
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17
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Rossi Herling B, Chen MZ, McLeod VM. Assessing Protein Expression in Patient-Derived Xenografts Using Western Blotting. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:209-218. [PMID: 38676805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The use of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in cancer research is increasing due to their ability to closely mimic the features of patient tumors. The ability to quickly and robustly measure protein expression levels in these tissues is a key methodology required in a broad range of experimental designs. Western blotting (WB) is a cost effective and simple tool that is highly specific and sensitive for detecting and quantifying individual proteins, posttranslational modifications and aberrant signaling pathways. Here, we described a method to assess protein expression in PDX tissues using WB to detect proteins involved in cell growth signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rossi Herling
- Drug Delivery Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Moore Zhe Chen
- Drug Delivery Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria M McLeod
- Drug Delivery Disposition & Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Zhan Y, Wang W, Wang H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ning Y, Zheng H, Luo J, Yang Y, Zang H, Zhou M, Fan S. G3BP1 Interact with JAK2 mRNA to Promote the Malignant Progression of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Activating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:94-112. [PMID: 38164170 PMCID: PMC10750281 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is an RNA-binding protein implicated in various malignancies. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains elusive. This study elucidates the potential regulation mechanisms of G3BP1 and its significance in NPC advancement. Through knockdown and overexpression approaches, we validate G3BP1's oncogenic role by promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, G3BP1 emerges as a key regulator of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, augmenting JAK2 expression via mRNA binding. Notably, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea-derived antioxidant, counteracts G3BP1-mediated pathway activation. Clinical analysis reveals heightened G3BP1, JAK2, and p-STAT3 as powerful prognostic markers, with G3BP1's expression standing as an independent indicator of poorer outcomes for NPC patients. In conclusion, the study unveils the oncogenic prowess of G3BP1, its orchestration of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and its pivotal role in NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjing Zang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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19
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Sharma S, Mahadevan J, Giri L, Mitra K. Identification of optimal flow rate for culture media, cell density, and oxygen toward maximization of virus production in a fed-batch baculovirus-insect cell system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3529-3542. [PMID: 37749905 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, it has been realized that novel vaccines are required to combat emerging disease outbreaks, and faster optimization is required to respond to global vaccine demands. Although, fed-batch operations offer better productivity, experiment-based optimization of a new fed-batch process remains expensive and time-consuming. In this context, we propose a novel computational framework that can be used for process optimization and control of a fed-batch baculovirus-insect cell system. Since the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is known to be widely used platforms for recombinant protein/vaccine production, we chose this system to demonstrate the identification of optimal profile. Toward this, first, we constructed a mathematical model that captures the time course of cell and virus growth in a baculovirus-insect cell system. Second, the proposed model was used for numerical analysis to determine the optimal operating profiles of control variables such as culture media, cell density, and oxygen based on a multiobjective optimal control formulation. Third, a detailed comparison between batch and fed-batch culture was perfromed along with a comparison between various alternatives of fed-batch operation. Finally, we demonstrate that a model-based quantification of controlled feed addition in fed-batch culture is capable of providing better productivity as compared to a batch culture. The proposed framework can be utilized for the estimation of optimal operating regions of different control variables to achieve maximum infected cell density and virus yield while minimizing the substrate/media, uninfected cell, and oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jagadeesh Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishalay Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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20
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Zhang Q, Lin B, Chen H, Ye Y, Huang Y, Chen Z, Li J. Lipid metabolism-related gene expression in the immune microenvironment predicts prognostic outcomes in renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1324205. [PMID: 38090559 PMCID: PMC10712371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurrence and mortality are steadily rising. In an effort to address this issue, the present bioinformatics study was developed with the goal of identifying major lipid metabolism biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics associated with RCC cases. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and E-MTAB-1980 were used to obtain matched clinical and RNA expression data from patients diagnosed with RCC. A LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to design a prognostic risk model for these patients. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in RCC patients was further interrogated through ESTIMATE, TIMER, and single-cell gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) analyses. Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and GSEA enrichment approaches were further employed to gauge the mechanistic basis for the observed results. Differences in gene expression and associated functional changes were then validated through appropriate molecular biology assays. Results Through the approach detailed above, a risk model based on 8 genes associated with RCC patient overall survival and lipid metabolism was ultimately identified that was capable of aiding in the diagnosis of this cancer type. Poorer prognostic outcomes in the analyzed RCC patients were associated with higher immune scores, lower levels of tumor purity, greater immune cell infiltration, and higher relative immune status. In GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, genes that were differentially expressed between risk groups were primarily related to the immune response and substance metabolism. GSEA analyses additionally revealed that the most enriched factors in the high-risk group included the stable internal environment, peroxisomes, and fatty acid metabolism. Subsequent experimental validation in vitro and in vivo revealed that the most significantly differentially expressed gene identified herein, ALOX5, was capable of suppressing RCC tumor cell proliferation, invasivity, and migration. Conclusion In summary, a risk model was successfully established that was significantly related to RCC patient prognosis and TIME composition, offering a robust foundation for the development of novel targeted therapeutic agents and individualized treatment regimens. In both immunoassays and functional analyses, dysregulated lipid metabolism was associated with aberrant immunological activity and the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolic activity, contributing to poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbiao Lin
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huikun Chen
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinyan Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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21
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Aderinto N, Abdulbasit MO, Olatunji D, Edun M. Unveiling the potential of galectin-3 as a diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer: a review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5557-5567. [PMID: 37915694 PMCID: PMC10617888 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving patient outcomes, and identifying reliable biomarkers is a critical research area in this field. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a promising candidate for utilisation as a diagnostic biomarker in early-stage pancreatic cancer. This review aims to explore the potential of Gal-3 in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and its implications for precision medicine. Rigorous validation studies are essential to establish the clinical utility of Gal-3, including large-scale investigations to assess its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Combining Gal-3 with existing biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques may enhance the accuracy of early detection. Moreover, Gal-3 holds promise for risk stratification, enabling the identification of high-risk individuals who could benefit from intensified surveillance and early interventions. However, challenges in standardised testing protocols, establishing reference ranges, assay reliability, workflow integration, cost-effectiveness, and healthcare provider education must be addressed for successful implementation. Despite these challenges, Gal-3 presents significant implications for precision medicine in pancreatic cancer management. By unravelling its potential and overcoming the hurdles, Gal-3 could revolutionise early detection, risk stratification, and personalised approaches in pancreatic cancer care. Collaborative efforts and continued research will be crucial in harnessing the full potential of Gal-3 as a diagnostic biomarker for early-stage pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Aderinto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. Ogbomoso, Oyo-State
| | - Muili O. Abdulbasit
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. Ogbomoso, Oyo-State
| | - Deji Olatunji
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Mariam Edun
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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22
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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology. Cells 2023; 12:2560. [PMID: 37947638 PMCID: PMC10649384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voluntary striated muscles are characterized by a highly complex and dynamic proteome that efficiently adapts to changed physiological demands or alters considerably during pathophysiological dysfunction. The skeletal muscle proteome has been extensively studied in relation to myogenesis, fiber type specification, muscle transitions, the effects of physical exercise, disuse atrophy, neuromuscular disorders, muscle co-morbidities and sarcopenia of old age. Since muscle tissue accounts for approximately 40% of body mass in humans, alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome have considerable influence on whole-body physiology. This review outlines the main bioanalytical avenues taken in the proteomic characterization of skeletal muscle tissues, including top-down proteomics focusing on the characterization of intact proteoforms and their post-translational modifications, bottom-up proteomics, which is a peptide-centric method concerned with the large-scale detection of proteins in complex mixtures, and subproteomics that examines the protein composition of distinct subcellular fractions. Mass spectrometric studies over the last two decades have decisively improved our general cell biological understanding of protein diversity and the heterogeneous composition of individual myofibers in skeletal muscles. This detailed proteomic knowledge can now be integrated with findings from other omics-type methodologies to establish a systems biological view of skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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23
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Gajera G, Thakkar N, Godse C, DeSouza A, Mehta D, Kothari V. Sub-lethal concentration of a colloidal nanosilver formulation (Silversol®) triggers dysregulation of iron homeostasis and nitrogen metabolism in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37872532 PMCID: PMC10591374 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious pathogen. Its multidrug resistant strains are listed among priority pathogens against whom discovery of novel antibacterial agents and, elucidation of new anti-pathogenicity mechanisms are urgently warranted. This study describes multiple antibacterial effects of a colloidal nano-silver formulation- Silversol® against a multi-drug resistant strain of P. aeruginosa. RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Silversol® against P. aeruginosa was found to be 1.5 ppm; and at sub-MIC of 1 ppm, it was able to alter quorum-sensing regulated pigmentation (pyocanin 82%↓; pyoverdine 48%↑), exopolysaccharide synthesis (76%↑) and biofilm formation, susceptibility to antibiotics (streptomycin and augmentin), protein synthesis and export (65%↑), nitrogen metabolism (37%↑ nitrite accumulation), and siderophore production in this pathogen. Network analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the transcriptome of the silversol-treated bacterium identified ten genes as the potential molecular targets: norB, norD, nirS, nirF, nirM, nirQ, nosZ, nosY, narK1, and norE (all associated with nitrogen metabolism or denitrification). Three of them (norB, narK1, and norE) were also validated through RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Generation of nitrosative stress and disturbance of iron homeostasis were found to be the major mechanisms associated with anti-Pseudomonas activity of Silversol®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemini Gajera
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | - Nidhi Thakkar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India
| | | | | | | | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India.
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24
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Liu H, Hu X, Zeng H, He C, Cheng F, Tang X, Wang J. A rapid and high-throughput system for the detection of transgenic products based on LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100605. [PMID: 37868002 PMCID: PMC10589767 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing acreage of genetically modified crops worldwide, rapid and efficient detection technologies have become very important for the regulation and screening of GM organisms. We constructed a method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), CRISPR-Cas12a and lateral flow assay (LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a-LFA). It is an intuitive, sensitive and specific fluorescence detection and test strip system to detect CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac genes in field screening. The LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a-LFA method has a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 copies based on lateral flow test strips after optimization of the conditions with screened specific primers, and the entire detection process can be completed within 1 h at 61 °C. The system was used to evaluate field test samples and showed high reproducibility after testing products containing CP4-EPSPS and Cry1Ab/Ac genes, and both were detectable. The LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a-LFA method established in this paper functions as a rapid field detection method. It requires only one portable thermostatic instrument, which renders it compatible with the rapid detection of field samples and useable at experimental workstations, in law enforcement field work, and in local inspection and quarantine departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Xiuwen Hu
- College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huancheng Road Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Chuan He
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Road, Shanghai, 201106, China
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25
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Wang Y, Hong Z, Song J, Zhong P, Lin L. METTL3 promotes drug resistance to oxaliplatin in gastric cancer cells through DNA repair pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1257410. [PMID: 37822880 PMCID: PMC10562647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1257410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant threat to human health and remains a prevalent form of cancer. Despite clinical treatments, the prognosis for Gastric cancer patients is still unsatisfactory, largely due to the development of multidrug resistance. Oxaliplatin (OXA), a second-generation platinum drug, is commonly recommended for adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy in Gastric cancer; however, the underlying mechanisms of acquired resistance to Oxaliplatin in Gastric cancer patients are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Oxaliplatin resistance in Gastric cancer by employing bioinformatics analysis and conducting in vitro experiments. Specifically, we focused on investigating the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). Our findings revealed that the knockdown of METTL3 significantly impeded the proliferation and migration of Gastric cancer cells. METTL3 knockdown induced apoptosis in OXA-resistant Gastric cancer cells and enhanced their sensitivity to Oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we found that DNA repair pathways were significantly activated in OXA-resistant Gastric cancer cells, and METTL3 knockdown significantly inhibited DNA repair pathways. Another important finding is that METTL3 knockdown and OXA-induced Gastric cancer cell death are additive, and the targeted METTL3 can assist Oxaliplatin treatment. Collectively, our findings suggest that METTL3 knockdown can augment the sensitivity of Gastric cancer cells to Oxaliplatin by impeding DNA repair processes. Consequently, targeting METTL3 holds great promise as a viable adjuvant strategy in the treatment of Gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongshi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jintian Song
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peilin Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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26
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Lu X, Lv X, Dong X, Li Y, Turathum B, Liu S, Wang X, Shi H, Liu Y. Increased serine synthesis in cumulus cells of young infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1723-1732. [PMID: 37533289 PMCID: PMC10477940 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the differences in gene expression of cumulus cells (CCs) between young women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and those of similar age with normal ovarian reserve (NOR)? SUMMARY ANSWER Gene expression and metabolome profiling analysis demonstrate that the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) is increased in the CCs of young women with DOR. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The incidence of DOR has risen, tending to present at younger ages. Its mechanisms and aetiologies are still poorly understood. Abnormal metabolism is present in luteinized CCs of patients with DOR. Previous studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxidative phosphorylation in CCs are related to DOR in women of advanced age. The pathogenic mechanisms likely differ between young women with DOR and cases associated with advanced maternal age. Several studies have examined amino acid metabolism in the follicle, with a focus on embryo development, but less information is available about CCs. The physiological significance of de novo serine synthesis in follicles and oocytes remains largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION CC samples were obtained from 107 young infertile women (age <38 years) undergoing ICSI, from July 2017 to June 2019, including 54 patients with DOR and 53 patients with NOR. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Oocyte development data were analysed retrospectively. Comprehensive genome-wide transcriptomics of CCs was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to categorize the functions of the DEGs and identify significantly enriched pathways. The transcript and protein levels of key enzymes involved in serine synthesis were verified in additional samples using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) (n = 10) and capillary western blotting (n = 36). Targeted metabolomics of amino acids in CC extracts was performed by ultrahigh-performance liquid MS (UHPLC-MS/MS). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The number of oocytes (2.4 ± 2.2 versus 12.1 ± 5.3) and metaphase II oocytes (2.1 ± 2.0 versus 9.9 ± 4.9) retrieved was significantly decreased in the DOR versus the NOR group, respectively (P < 0.0001). The rates of fertilization (80.7% versus 78.8%), viable embryos (73.7% versus 72.5%), and high-quality embryos (42.8% versus 49.0%) did not differ between the DOR and NOR groups, respectively (P > 0.05). A total of 95 DEGs were found by transcriptome sequencing. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the DEGs were linked to amino acid metabolism and suggested significantly higher activity of the de novo SSP in the CCs of young women with DOR. Further qRT-PCR and capillary western blotting revealed that key enzymes (PHGDH, PSAT1, PSPH, and SHMT2) involved in de novo serine synthesis were upregulated, and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed increases in serine and glycine (a downstream product of serine) levels in the CCs of young patients with DOR. Our data clearly demonstrate that the de novo SSP, which diverts 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis to serine synthesis, was upregulated in young DOR CCs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Regarding the reproductive capacity of young patients DOR, the pregnancy outcomes were not analysed. The sample size was limited, and only women undergoing ICSI were examined since this was a prerequisite for the acquisition of CCs, which may cause selection bias. The exact mechanisms by which the SSP in CCs regulates ovarian reserve still require further study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our research presents new evidence that alterations of the SSP in CCs of young infertile women are associated with DOR. We believe this is a significant contribution to the field, which should be key for understanding the cause and mechanisms of ovarian hypofunction in young women. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2018YFC1005001) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601197). There were no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bongkoch Turathum
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suying Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Pharmacy School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sule R, Rivera G, Gomes AV. Western blotting (immunoblotting): history, theory, uses, protocol and problems. Biotechniques 2023; 75:99-114. [PMID: 36971113 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Western blotting (immunoblotting) is a powerful and commonly used technique that is capable of detecting or semiquantifying an individual protein from complex mixtures of proteins extracted from cells or tissues. The history surrounding the origin of western blotting, the theory behind the western blotting technique, a comprehensive protocol and the uses of western blotting are presented. Lesser known and significant problems in the western blotting field and troubleshooting of common problems are highlighted and discussed. This work is a comprehensive primer and guide for new western blotting researchers and those interested in a better understanding of the technique or getting better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gabriela Rivera
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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28
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Wang M, Xie JW, Zheng YW, Wang XT, Yi DY, Lin Y, Tong ML, Lin LR. Tp47-Induced Monocyte-Derived Microvesicles Promote the Adherence of THP-1 Cells to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via an ERK1/2-NF-κB Signaling Cascade. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0188823. [PMID: 37382544 PMCID: PMC10434049 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01888-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Treponema pallidum membrane protein Tp47 induces immunocyte adherence to vascular cells and contributes to vascular inflammation. However, it is unclear whether microvesicles are functional inflammatory mediators between vascular cells and immunocytes. Microvesicles that were isolated from Tp47-treated THP-1 cells using differential centrifugation were subjected to adherence assays to determine the adhesion-promoting effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) levels in Tp47-induced microvesicle (Tp47-microvesicle)-treated HUVECs were measured, and the related intracellular signaling pathways of Tp47-microvesicle-induced monocyte adhesion were investigated. Tp47-microvesicles promoted THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs (P < 0.01) and upregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs (P < 0.001). The adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs was inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 neutralizing antibodies. Tp47-microvesicle treatment of HUVECs activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and NF-κB signaling pathways, whereas ERK1/2 and NF-κB inhibition suppressed the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and significantly decreased the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs. IMPORTANCE Tp47-microvesicles promote the adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs through the upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which is mediated by the activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of syphilitic vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - J.-W. Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y.-W. Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - X.-T. Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - D.-Y. Yi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y. Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - M.-L. Tong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - L.-R. Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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Ming Y, Zhang H, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Wang H, Liang Z. Enhancing the thermostability of carboxypeptidase A by a multiple computer-aided rational design based on amino acids preferences at β-turns. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125447. [PMID: 37330104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A (CPA) with efficient hydrolysis ability has shown vital potential in food and biological fields. In addition, it is also the earliest discovered enzyme with Ochratoxin A (OTA) degradation activity. Thermostability plays an imperative role to catalyze the reactions at high temperatures in industry, but the poor thermostability of CPA restricts its industrial application. In order to improve the thermostability of CPA, flexible loops were predicted through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Based on the amino acid preferences at β-turns, three ΔΔG-based computational programs (Rosetta, FoldX and PoPMuSiC) were employed to screen three variants from plentiful candidates and MD simulations were then used to verify two potential variants with enhanced thermostability (R124K and S134P). Results showed that compared to the wild-type CPA, the variants S134P and R124K exhibited rise of 4.2 min and 7.4 min in half-life (t1/2) at 45 °C, 3 °C and 4.1 °C in the half inactivation temperature (T5010), in addition to increase by 1.9 °C and 1.2 °C in the melting temperature (Tm), respectively. The mechanism responsible for the enhanced thermostability was elucidated through the comprehensive analysis of molecular structure. This study shows that the thermostability of CPA can be improved by the multiple computer-aided rational design based on amino acid preferences at β-turns, broadening its industrial applicability of OTA degradation and providing a valuable strategy for the protein engineering of mycotoxin degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ming
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Zhihong Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; The Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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30
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Hu YT, Wu KX, Wang XT, Zhao YY, Jiang XY, Liu D, Tong ML, Liu LL. Treponema pallidum promoted microglia apoptosis and prevented itself from clearing by human microglia via blocking autophagic flux. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011594. [PMID: 37611054 PMCID: PMC10446187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum (Tp) has a well-known ability to evade the immune system and can cause neurosyphilis by invading the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are essential for host defense against pathogens, this study aims to investigate the interaction between Tp and microglia and the potential mechanism. Here, we found that Tp can exert significant toxic effects on microglia in vivo in Tg (mpeg1: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing results showed that Tp downregulated autophagy-related genes in human HMC3 microglial cells, which is negatively associated with apoptotic gene expression. Biochemical and cell biology assays further established that Tp inhibits microglial autophagy by interfering with the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, Tp activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to inhibit the nuclear translocation of TFEB, leading to decreased lysosomal biogenesis and accumulated autophagosome. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagosome formation reversed Tp-induced apoptosis and promoted microglial clearance of Tp. Taken together, these findings show that Tp blocks autophagic flux by inhibiting TFEB-mediated lysosomal biosynthesis in human microglia. Autophagosome accumulation was demonstrated to be a key mechanism underlying the effects of Tp in promoting apoptosis and preventing itself from clearing by human microglia. This study offers novel perspectives on the potential mechanism of immune evasion employed by Tp within CNS. The results not only establish the pivotal role of autophagy dysregulation in the detrimental effects of Tp on microglial cells but also bear considerable implications for the development of therapeutic strategies against Tp, specifically involving mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagosome formation inhibitors, in the context of neurosyphilis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ting Hu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Yi Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Man-Li Tong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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31
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Abo-Zaid OAR, Moawed FSM, Barakat WEM, Ghobashy MM, Ahmed ESA. Antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil polymeric nanogel synthesized by gamma radiation on a rat model of colon carcinoma: a proposed mechanism. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:138. [PMID: 37493814 PMCID: PMC10371941 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is associated with multifaceted challenges and poor pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, our study was designed to prepare 5-FU nanogel as a new form of the colon cancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU using polyacrylic acid and gelatin hybrid nanogel as efficient drug carriers. Alongside the in vivo chemotherapeutic evaluation, the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic efficacy were carried out for 5-FU nanogel against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg) and γ-radiation (4 Gy)-prompted colon dysplasia in rats compared to 5-FU. The morphology and size of 5-FU nanogel were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in addition to cytotoxicity assay. The expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa B), adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream autophagy-related genes in addition to apoptotic markers were measured in colon tissues. Results: 5-FU nanogel reduced the levels of the TLR2/ NF-κβ as well as the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Moreover, it promoted autophagy through the activation of the AMPK and its downstream targets which consequently augmented the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Conclusion: Collectively, these data might strengthen the therapeutic potential of 5-FU nanogel which can be used as an antitumor product for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A R Abo-Zaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Wael E M Barakat
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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32
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Cen XQ, Li P, Wang B, Chen X, Zhao Y, Yang N, Peng Y, Li CH, Ning YL, Zhou YG. Knockdown of adenosine A2A receptors in hippocampal neurons prevents post-TBI fear memory retrieval. Exp Neurol 2023; 364:114378. [PMID: 36907351 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fear memory is crucial in emotional disorders such as PTSD and anxiety. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause emotional disorders with dysregulated fear memory formation; however, their cross-interaction remains unclear and hurdled the treatment against TBI-related emotional disorders. While adenosine A2A receptor(A2AR) contributes to the physiological regulation of fear memory, this study aimed to evaluate the A2AR role and possible mechanisms in post-TBI fear memory formation using a craniocerebral trauma model, genetically modified A2AR mutant mice, and pharmacological A2AR agonist CGS21680 and antagonist ZM241385. Our finding showed (i) TBI enhanced mice freezing levels (fear memory) at seven days post-TBI; (ii) The A2AR agonist CGS21680 enhanced the post-TBI freezing levels; conversely, the A2AR antagonist ZM241385 reduced mice freezing level; further (iii) Genetic knockdown of neuronal A2AR in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions reduced post-TBI freezing levels, while A2AR knockout in DG region yielded the most reduction in fear memory; finally, (iv) AAV-CaMKII-Cre virus-mediated DG deletion of A2AR on excitatory neurons led to a significant decreased freezing levels post-TBI. These findings indicate that brain trauma increases fear memory retrieval post-TBI, and A2AR on DG excitatory neurons plays a crucial role in this process. Importantly, inhibition of A2AR attenuates fear memory enhancement, which provides a new strategy to prevent fear memory formation/enhancement after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Cen
- The College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No.174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-Lei Ning
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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33
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Huang C, Li S, Guo W, Zhang Z, Meng X, Li X, Gao B, Wen R, Niu H, Zhang C, Li M. Cymbaria daurica L.: A Mongolian herbal medicine for treating eczema via natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116246. [PMID: 36791926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbaria daurica L. (C. daurica) is a perennial herb known commonly as "Xinba" (Chinese) and "Kanba-Arong" (Mongolian). In Mongolia, it is used as a traditional medicine to treat eczema and other skin diseases due to its anti-swelling, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemorrhagic, and anti-itching properties. However, the potential mechanism of action for eczema treatment has not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of C. daurica on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced eczema in rats and the associated action mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative analysis of C. daurica was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Based on information obtained from compound identification and relevant literature, the possible targets of C. daurica against eczema were analyzed using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The DNCB-induced eczema rat models were treated with different dosages of C. daurica extract (10, 50, and 250 mg/mL per day), and the therapeutic effects subsequently evaluated based on the degree of skin inflammation, spleen index, and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting were used to analyze the relevant target effects. The C. daurica mechanism of action on eczema was verified by animal experiments. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out to determine the content of active ingredients in C. daurica. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the extract were evaluated. RESULTS Our analysis of the 173 targets included in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) as key targets involved in the treatment of eczema with C. daurica extract. Furthermore, the 173 targets were associated with the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. Our results showed that C. daurica significantly reduced IL-2 and TNF-α serum levels in eczema rat models (P < 0.0001); thus, playing an important role in the anti-inflammatory response. Furthermore, according to the p-value, RT-qPCR and western blotting showed that the expression of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1), Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Vav), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) changed in the skin of the eczema model rats after treatment with the C. daurica extract. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that C. daurica can inhibit SHP-1, Vav, and Grb2 expression; thereby, inhibiting the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. These results provide insight into the mechanism of C. daurica in treating eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Wenxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China; Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China.
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Fuchs ACD. Specific, sensitive and quantitative protein detection by in-gel fluorescence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2505. [PMID: 37130834 PMCID: PMC10154401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant proteins in complex solutions are typically detected with tag-specific antibodies in Western blots. Here we describe an antibody-free alternative in which tagged proteins are detected directly in polyacrylamide gels. For this, the highly specific protein ligase Connectase is used to selectively fuse fluorophores to target proteins carrying a recognition sequence, the CnTag. Compared to Western blots, this procedure is faster, more sensitive, offers a better signal-to-noise ratio, requires no optimization for different samples, allows more reproducible and accurate quantifications, and uses freely available reagents. With these advantages, this method represents a promising alternative to the state of the art and may facilitate studies on recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C D Fuchs
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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35
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Varzandeh M, Sabouri L, Mansouri V, Gharibshahian M, Beheshtizadeh N, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. Application of nano-radiosensitizers in combination cancer therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10498. [PMID: 37206240 PMCID: PMC10189501 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiosensitizers are compounds or nanostructures, which can improve the efficiency of ionizing radiation to kill cells. Radiosensitization increases the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation-induced killing, while simultaneously reducing the potentially damaging effect on the cellular structure and function of the surrounding healthy tissues. Therefore, radiosensitizers are therapeutic agents used to boost the effectiveness of radiation treatment. The complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, and the multifactorial nature of its pathophysiology has led to many approaches to treatment. The effectiveness of each approach has been proven to some extent, but no definitive treatment to eradicate cancer has been discovered. The current review discusses a broad range of nano-radiosensitizers, summarizing possible combinations of radiosensitizing NPs with several other types of cancer therapy options, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials EngineeringIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanIran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- AmitisGen TECH Dev GroupTehranIran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesShahroudIran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinSouth Africa
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Research Center for ImmunodeficienciesChildren's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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36
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Borgonetti V, Galeotti N. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Participates in the Myelin Restoration in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Antisense Modulation of HuR and HuD ELAV RNA Binding Protein. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2661-2677. [PMID: 36696009 PMCID: PMC10039839 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is the most difficult-to-treat pain syndrome in multiple sclerosis. Evidence relates neuropathic pain to demyelination, which often originates from unresolved neuroinflammation or altered immune response. Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression might play a fundamental role in the regulation of these processes. The ELAV RNA-binding proteins HuR and HuD are involved in the promotion of inflammatory phenomena and in neuronal development and maintenance, respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of HuR and HuD in demyelination-associated neuropathic pain in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. HuR resulted overexpressed in the spinal cord of MOG35-55-EAE and PLP139-151-EAE mice and was detected in CD11b + cells. Conversely, HuD was largely downregulated in the MOG-EAE spinal cord, along with GAP43 and neurofilament H, while in PLP-EAE mice, HuD and neuronal markers remained unaltered. Intranasal antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) delivery to knockdown HuR, increased myelin basic protein expression, and Luxol Fast Blue staining in both EAE models, an indication of increased myelin content. These effects temporally coincided with attenuation of pain hypersensitivity. Anti-HuR ASO increased the expression of HuD in GAP43-expressing cells and promoted a HuD-mediated neuroprotective activity in MOG-EAE mice, while in PLP-EAE mice, HuR silencing dampened pro-inflammatory responses mediated by spinal microglia activation. In conclusion, anti-HuR ASO showed myelin protection at analgesic doses with multitarget mechanisms, and it deserves further consideration as an innovative agent to counteract demyelination in neuropathic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy.
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Sormunen A, Koivulehto E, Alitalo K, Saksela K, Laham-Karam N, Ylä-Herttuala S. Comparison of Automated and Traditional Western Blotting Methods. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:mps6020043. [PMID: 37104025 PMCID: PMC10142486 DOI: 10.3390/mps6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Western blotting is one of the most used analytical techniques in biological research. However, it can be time-consuming and suffer from a lack of reproducibility. Consequently, devices with different degrees of automation have been developed. These include semi-automated techniques and fully automated devices that replicate all stages downstream of the sample preparation, including sample size separation, immunoblotting, imaging, and analysis. We directly compared traditional Western blotting with two different automated systems, iBind™ Flex, which is a semi-automated system designed to perform the immunoblotting, and JESS Simple Western™, a fully automated and capillary-based system performing all steps downstream of sample preparation and loading, including imaging and image analysis. We found that a fully automated system can save time and importantly offer valuable sensitivity. This is particularly beneficial for limited sample amounts. The downside of automation is the cost of devices and reagents. Nevertheless, automation can be a good option to increase output and facilitate sensitive protein analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Sormunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emma Koivulehto
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70029 Kuopio, Finland
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38
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Desire CT, Arrua RD, Strudwick XL, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Hilder EF. The development of microfluidic-based western blotting: Technical advances and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463813. [PMID: 36709548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades significant technical advancement in the field of western blotting has been made possible through the utilization of microfluidic technologies. In this review we provide a critical overview of these advancements, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Particular attention is paid to the development of now commercially available systems, including those for single cell analysis. This review also discusses more recent developments, including algorithms for automation and/or improved quantitation, the utilization of different materials/chemistries, use of projection electrophoresis, and the development of triBlots. Finally, the review includes commentary on future advances in the field based on current developments, and the potential of these systems for use as point-of-care devices in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Desire
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - R Dario Arrua
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Emily F Hilder
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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Zhang D, Yu Z, Hu S, Liu X, Zeng B, Gao W, Qin H, Ma X, He Y. Genome-wide identification of members of the Skp1 family in almond ( Prunus dulcis), cloning and expression characterization of PsdSSK1. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:35-49. [PMID: 36733834 PMCID: PMC9886703 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skp1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 1) is the core gene of SCF ubiquitin ligase, which mediates protein degradation, thereby regulating biological processes such as cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. A variety of plant Skp1 gene family studies have been reported. However, the almond Skp1 gene family has not yet been studied. In this study, we identified 18 members of the Prunus dulcis PdSkp1 family that were unevenly distributed across six chromosomes of the almond genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the PdSkp1 members can be divided into three groups: I, II, and III. PdSkp1 members in each subfamily have relatively conserved motif types and exon/intron numbers. There were three pairs of fragment duplication genes and one pair of tandem repeat genes, and their functions were highly evolutionarily conserved. Transcriptome data showed that PdSkp1 is expressed in almond flower tissues, and that its expression shows significant change during cross-pollination. Fluorescence quantitative results showed that eight PdSkp1 genes had different expression levels in five tissues of almond, i.e., branches, leaves, flower buds, flesh, and cores. In addition, we cloned a PsdSSK1 gene based on PdSkp1. The cloned PsdSSK1 showed the same protein sequence as PdSkp1-12. Results of qPCR and western blot analysis showed high expression of PsdSSK1 in almond pollen. In conclusion, we report the first clone of the key gene SSK1 that controls self-incompatibility in almonds. Our research lays a foundation for future functional research on PdSkp1 members, especially for exploring the mechanism of almond self-incompatibility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01278-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhenfan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaobo Hu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
- GuangZhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, GuangZhou, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - HuanXue Qin
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xintong Ma
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yawen He
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, China
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Han S, Liu Y, Bao A, Zeng H, Huang G, Geng M, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Lu J, Wu M, Guo L. OsCSN1 regulates the growth of rice seedlings through the GA signaling pathway in blue light. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153904. [PMID: 36566672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blue light can regulate the photomorphogenesis of plants through blue light receptors to influence seedling growth and development. The COP9 signaling complex (CSN), a vital regulator of photomorphogenesis, is a highly conserved protein complex. CSN1 is the largest and most critical subunit in the CSN with a complex N-terminal function that supports most of the functions of CSN1 and is mainly involved in plant growth and development processes. The CSN is also required in the blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis response of seedlings. In this study, the OsCSN1 subunit of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (rice) was edited and screened, and OsCSN1 deletion mutant, OsCSN1 weak expression mutant and OsCSN1 overexpression mutant were constructed. The mechanism of OsCSN1 and its N-terminal effects on rice seedling growth and development under blue light conditions were investigated. The addition of exogenous hormone gibberellin (GA3) and gibberellin synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) caused aboveground phenotypic and protein (such as CUL4 and SLR1) changes. Blue light regulates the degradation of SLR1 through OsCSN1, which regulates the growth and development of rice seedling height, the first incomplete leaf, and the coleoptile. It is hypothesized that rice affects CRY-COP1 interactions after sensing blue light signals through the cryptochrome, and the nuclear localization of COP1 is regulated by the CSN complex. OsCSN1 is a negative regulator in response to blue light. The core structural domain of action that inhibits the growth of the aboveground part of rice seedlings is located at the N-terminal of OsCSN1. OsCSN1 regulates the nuclear localization of COP1 through the COP9 signaling complex and degrades SLR1 through CUL4-based E3 ligase. Ultimately, it affects the synthesis of the endogenous hormone GA, thereby inhibiting the aboveground growth and development of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Han
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Anar Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Hua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Guohui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Min Geng
- College of Food and Biotechnology, Changchun Polytechnic, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Food and Biotechnology, Changchun Polytechnic, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Jingmei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Liquan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
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Noone J, Wallace RG, Rochfort KD. Immunoprecipitation: Variations, Considerations, and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:271-303. [PMID: 37647004 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunoprecipitation (IP) refers to methods of affinity chromatography that enrich and/or purify a specific protein from a complex mixture using a specific antibody immobilized on a solid support. Several operations and processes that are dependent on the isolation, concentration, and modification of proteins have seen improvement in their selectivity and separation based on the integration of IP-specific reactions into their workflows. This relatively simple principle has contributed significantly to our understanding of proteins and their behaviors and has become increasingly fundamental to most protein characterization studies today. In this chapter, we review the basic principles of IP and the several factors that influence each stage, and subsequently the success, of an IP experiment. Moreover, variations in application of the IP principle are discussed, and the adaptability of the techniques based on such is highlighted in the provision of two IP workflows to purify a particular protein from an entire cellular proteosome. These workflows cover the preparation and fractionation of crude cellular lysate into individual subcellular fractions, through to both "batch" and "column"-based extractions of the target protein of interest. Protocols for determining the validity of the workflows, and the presence/abundance of the protein of interest, are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert G Wallace
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Sharma S, Keerthi PN, Giri L, Mitra K. Toward Performance Improvement of a Baculovirus–Insect Cell System under Uncertain Environment: A Robust Multiobjective Dynamic Optimization Approach for Semibatch Suspension Culture. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana502284, India
| | - Pujari Nagasree Keerthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana502284, India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana502284, India
| | - Kishalay Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana502284, India
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Phytochemical Profiling, Isolation, and Pharmacological Applications of Bioactive Compounds from Insects of the Family Blattidae Together with Related Drug Development. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248882. [PMID: 36558015 PMCID: PMC9782659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), insects from the family Blattidae have a long history of application, and their related active compounds have excellent pharmacological properties, making them a prominent concern with significant potential for medicinal and healthcare purposes. However, the medicinal potential of the family Blattidae has not been fully exploited, and many problems must be resolved urgently. Therefore, a comprehensive review of its chemical composition, pharmacological activities, current research status, and existing problems is necessary. In order to make the review clearer and more systematic, all the contents were independently elaborated and summarized in a certain sequence. Each part started with introducing the current situation or a framework and then was illustrated with concrete examples. Several pertinent conclusions and outlooks were provided after discussing relevant key issues that emerged in each section. This review focuses on analyzing the current studies and utilization of medicinal insects in the family Blattidae, which is expected to provide meaningful and valuable relevant information for researchers, thereby promoting further exploration and development of lead compounds or bioactive fractions for new drugs from the insects.
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Zhu YL, Wang JK, Chen ZP, Zhao YJ, Yu RQ. Ultrasensitive detection of multiple cancer biomarkers by a triple cascade amplification strategy in combination with single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:20. [PMID: 36512161 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A versatile triple cascade amplification strategy was developed for ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). The triple cascade amplification strategy consisted of an enhanced RecJf exonuclease-assisted target recycling amplification module, a hybridization chain reaction amplification module, and a signal amplification module based on DNA-templated multiple metal nanoclusters. In the enhanced RecJf exonuclease-assisted target recycling amplification module, the DNA bases at the 5' ends of aptamers for specific recognition of biomarkers were deliberately replaced by the corresponding RNA bases to enhance amplification efficiency. The signal amplification module based on DNA-templated multiple metal nanoclusters was innovatively used to amplify the signals measured by spICP-MS and at the same time effectively suppress possible background interferences. The proposed spICP-MS platform achieved satisfactory quantitative results for both carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and a-fetoprotein (AFP) in human serum samples with accuracy comparable to that of the commercial ELISA kits. Moreover, it has wide dynamic ranges for both CEA (0.01-100 ng/mL) and AFP (0.01-200 ng/mL). The limit of detection for CEA and AFP was 0.6 and 0.5 pg/mL, respectively. Compared with conventional biomarkers detection methods, the proposed spICP-MS platform has the advantages of operational simplicity, ultra-high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and low background. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the proposed spICP-MS platform can be further developed to be a promising alternative tool for biomarker detection in fields of clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources and Environment, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, 410205, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Fluorogenic toolbox for visualizing protein aggregation: From designing principles to biological application. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Daltro RT, Santos EF, Silva ÂAO, Maron Freitas NE, Leony LM, Vasconcelos LCM, Luquetti AO, Celedon PAF, Zanchin NIT, Regis-Silva CG, Santos FLN. Western blot using Trypanosoma cruzi chimeric recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of chronic Chagas disease: A proof-of-concept study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010944. [PMID: 36441769 PMCID: PMC9731424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The chronic phase of CD is characterized by the presence of IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies; and diagnosis is performed by serological methods. Because there is no reliable test that can be used as a reference test, WHO recommends the parallel use of two different tests for CD serodiagnosis. If results are inconclusive, samples should be subjected to a confirmatory test, e.g., Western blot (WB) or PCR. PCR offers low sensitivity in the chronic phase, whereas few confirmatory tests based on the WB method are commercially available worldwide. Therefore, new diagnostic tools should be evaluated to fill the gap in CD confirmatory tests. In recent years, four chimeric recombinant antigens (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.2, IBMP-8.3 and IBMP-8.4) have been evaluated in phase I, II and III studies using ELISA, liquid microarray and immunochromatography with 95-100% accuracy. Given the high diagnostic performance of these antigens, the present study investigated the ability of these molecules to diagnose chronic CD using a WB testing platform. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we analyzed the diagnostic potential of four chimeric antigens using 40 T. cruzi-positive, 24-negative, and three additional positive samples for visceral leishmaniasis (i.e., potentially cross-reactive) using WB as the diagnostic platform. Checkerboard titration with different dilutions of antigens, conjugated antigens, and serum samples was performed to standardize all assays. All IBMP antigens achieved 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, with the exception of IBMP-8.3, which had 100% specificity despite lack of significance, but lower sensitivity (95%) and accuracy (96.9%). No cross-reactivity was observed in samples positive for leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The present phase I (proof-of-concept) study demonstrated the high diagnostic potential of these four IBMP antigens to discriminate between T. cruzi-positive and -negative samples, making them candidates for phase II and confirmatory testing with WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Tavares Daltro
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Emily Ferreira Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Maia Leony
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Biology of Trypanosomatids, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin
- Structural Biology and Protein Engineering Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Fred Luciano Neves Santos
- Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas disease from FIOCRUZ (Fio-Chagas), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Jiang W, Sivakrishna Rao G, Aman R, Butt H, Kamel R, Sedeek K, Mahfouz MM. High-efficiency retron-mediated single-stranded DNA production in plants. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2022; 7:ysac025. [PMID: 36452068 PMCID: PMC9700382 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrons are a class of retroelements that produce multicopy single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and participate in anti-phage defenses in bacteria. Retrons have been harnessed for the overproduction of ssDNA, genome engineering and directed evolution in bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells. Retron-mediated ssDNA production in plants could unlock their potential applications in plant biotechnology. For example, ssDNA can be used as a template for homology-directed repair (HDR) in several organisms. However, current gene editing technologies rely on the physical delivery of synthetic ssDNA, which limits their applications. Here, we demonstrated retron-mediated overproduction of ssDNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Additionally, we tested different retron architectures for improved ssDNA production and identified a new retron architecture that resulted in greater ssDNA abundance. Furthermore, co-expression of the gene encoding the ssDNA-protecting protein VirE2 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens with the retron systems resulted in a 10.7-fold increase in ssDNA production in vivo. We also demonstrated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-retron-coupled ssDNA overproduction and targeted HDR in N. benthamiana. Overall, we present an efficient approach for in vivo ssDNA production in plants, which can be harnessed for biotechnological applications. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Butt
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa Kamel
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Sedeek
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Guan Z, Wang Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Wu D, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Shang N, Zhang D, Sun J, He X, Li Y, Zhu L, Liu Z, Zhang M, Xu Z, Song Z, Dai G. Isoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in ureteral obstruction-induced mice, associated with negatively regulating AKT/GSK-3β/β-cat signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109201. [PMID: 36067652 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a prominent pathological manifestation for the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) to end-stage renal failure. However, there exist few efficient therapies to cure TIF. Our recent results showed that (8R, 12S)-isoandrographolide (ISA), a diterpenoid lactone ingredient of traditional Chinese herbal Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, exhibited anti-pulmonary fibrosis in silica-induced mice. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effect of ISA on TIF, using mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The pathological changes and collagen deposition results displayed that ISA administration significantly attenuated inflammatory response, ameliorated TIF, and protected the kidney injury. Interestingly, ISA revealed much lower cytotoxicity on HK-2 cells, but exhibited stronger inhibitory effect on tubular epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and inflammation, as compared to andrographolide (AD), the major ingredient of A. paniculata extract that has been reported to ameliorate TIF in diabetic nephropathy mice. It was further clarified that the amelioration of TIF by ISA was associated with suppressing the aberrant activation of AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway through network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Taken together, these findings indicate that ISA is a promising lead compound for development of anti-TIF, and even broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yake Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang He
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guifu Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Borgonetti V, Meacci E, Pierucci F, Romanelli MN, Galeotti N. Dual HDAC/BRD4 Inhibitors Relieves Neuropathic Pain by Attenuating Inflammatory Response in Microglia After Spared Nerve Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1634-1648. [PMID: 35501470 PMCID: PMC9606187 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effort on developing new treatments, therapy for neuropathic pain is still a clinical challenge and combination therapy regimes of two or more drugs are often needed to improve efficacy. Accumulating evidence shows an altered expression and activity of histone acetylation enzymes in chronic pain conditions and restoration of these aberrant epigenetic modifications promotes pain-relieving activity. Recent studies showed a synergistic activity in neuropathic pain models by combination of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors. On these premises, the present study investigated the pharmacological profile of new dual HDAC/BRD4 inhibitors, named SUM52 and SUM35, in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in mice as innovative strategy to simultaneously inhibit HDACs and BETs. Intranasal administration of SUM52 and SUM35 attenuated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the absence of locomotor side effects. Both dual inhibitors showed a preferential interaction with BRD4-BD2 domain, and SUM52 resulted the most active compound. SUM52 reduced microglia-mediated spinal neuroinflammation in spinal cord sections of SNI mice as showed by reduction of IBA1 immunostaining, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK over-phosphorylation. A robust decrease of the spinal proinflammatory cytokines content (IL-6, IL-1ß) was also observed after SUM52 treatment. Present results, showing the pain-relieving activity of HDAC/BRD4 dual inhibitors, indicate that the simultaneous modulation of BET and HDAC activity by a single molecule acting as multi-target agent might represent a promise for neuropathic pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, "Mario Serio"-Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, "Mario Serio"-Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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