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He J, Gao Y, Deng J, Wang MC. Resting heart rate moderates the relationship between parental emotion socialization and callous-unemotional traits in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02338-x. [PMID: 38145444 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although empirical findings have indicated that both familial and neurobiological risk factors contribute to the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children, relatively few studies have investigated how these two factors interact to influence these traits. The current study focused on the combined effects of parental emotion socialization and child's resting heart rate on CU traits. Parents of Chinese children (N = 166) completed the Coping with Children's Negative Scale when children were 9.39 years old (SD = 0.92), while children's resting heart rate data were collected when they were 10.21 years old (SD = 0.72). When they were 11.15 years old (SD = 0.67), parents completed the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits Short-Form. Results showed that parental supportive emotion socialization was negatively associated with CU traits and Callous behaviors in particular. In addition, resting heart rate moderated the relationship between parental emotion socialization and child's CU traits. Findings provide further evidence that an interdisciplinary approach that combines both psychosocial and biological factors is essential to further our understanding of CU traits in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi He
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiaxin Deng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lu HJ, Zhu N, Chen BB, Chang L. Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023:10.1002/ijop.13100. [PMID: 38097526 PMCID: PMC11176261 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
To examine whether parents' cultural values are related to parenting practices and children's behavioural adjustment, mothers, fathers and children (N = 218) from two cities in China (Jinan and Shanghai) were interviewed when children were, on average, 10 years old. Mothers and fathers reported their endorsement of cultural values (individualism, collectivism, conformity), which were used to separately predict warmth and family obligation expectations reported by each parent, as well as children's report of parental psychological control, rule setting, knowledge solicitation and perceived family obligation expectations. Cross-informant (parents and child) composites of internalising and externalising behaviours were also obtained. The results showed that maternal individualism positively predicted parents' knowledge solicitation. Parental collectivism positively predicted their own warmth and family obligation expectations. Mothers' conformity positively predicted mothers' family obligation expectations, paternal warmth and children's perception of family obligation, whereas fathers' conformity only positively predicted fathers' family obligation expectations. These effects were largely consistent across regional subsamples, although mothers in Jinan were more collectivistic than mothers in Shanghai, and parents in Shanghai adopted less psychological control and more knowledge solicitation in parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bin Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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3
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Xu J, Zhang H. Maternal and paternal emotion expression and youths' negative emotions: The moderation of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106344. [PMID: 37572413 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether college students' resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) would moderate the association between parental negative dominant and submissive emotion expression and their negative emotions. METHODS Participants were 97 Chinese college students (28.87% male, Mage = 19.11, SD =.89). Participants reported their perceived maternal and paternal emotion expression, as well as their negative emotions. Resting RSA was assessed during a laboratory visit. RESULTS Parental negative dominant emotion expression was positively related to students' negative emotions. Additionally, the association between paternal negative dominant emotion expression and negative emotions was stronger among students with low (versus high) levels of resting RSA. Nonetheless, no similar association was found in maternal negative emotion expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute important information regarding the different roles of maternal and paternal negative emotion expression in college students' emotional outcomes, and signify the interaction between parental socialization and individual characteristics in human developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, PR China.
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4
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Ding R, Bi S, Luo Y, Liu T, Wang P, He W, Ni S. Mothers' emotional expressivity in urban and rural societies: Salience and links with young adolescents' emotional wellbeing and expressivity. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1130-1146. [PMID: 34766903 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100105x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the salience of mothers' emotional expressivity and its links with adolescents' emotional wellbeing and expressivity in an urban society endorsing more individualism and a rural society ascribing to more collectivism. By comparing Chinese urban (N = 283, M age = 14.13) and rural (N = 247, M age = 14.09) adolescents, this research found that urban mothers' expression of positive-dominant and positive-submissive emotions (PD and PS) were more common while expression of negative-dominant (ND) emotions was less common than rural mothers'. PD and PS had significant links with urban and rural adolescents' increased emotional expressivity and self-esteem, however, only significantly related to urban adolescents' decreased depression but not with rural adolescents'. ND had significant links with both urban and rural adolescents' expression of negative emotions, however, only significantly correlated with urban adolescents' less level of self-esteem and rural adolescents' more expression of positive emotions. No significant difference was found in the salience of urban and rural mothers' expression of negative-submissive (NS) emotions, which positively related to both urban and rural adolescents' depression and emotional expressivity. Moreover, we found that adolescents' emotional wellbeing (i.e., self-esteem and depression) mediated the relationship between mothers' emotional expressivity and adolescents' expressivity in both societies. Overall, the study findings document that the salience of mothers' emotional expressivity and its relations with adolescents' emotional adjustment differ between urban and rural societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Ding
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Bi
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
| | - Yuhan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Liu
- Department of Psychology, Division for Psychological Methods and Statistics, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pusheng Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei He
- Nanshan Educational Science Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiguang Ni
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Chiang SC, Ting SJ, Chen WC, Liu TH. Parent and adolescent emotional variability and adolescent psychopathology. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:538-546. [PMID: 36892926 PMCID: PMC10238662 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Emotional variability has been posited as a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether parent emotional variability may also function as a risk factor that heightens adolescent mental health problems. To fill this gap, the present study examined whether parent and adolescent emotional variability in both positive emotion (PE) and negative emotion (NE) is associated with adolescent psychopathology and potential sex differences in these associations. Participants were 147 adolescents and their parents in Taiwan who completed a baseline assessment, a 10-day daily diary study, and a 3-month follow-up assessment. The results indicated that parent NE variability was associated with risk for adolescent internalizing problems and depressive symptoms, after accounting for baseline levels, adolescent NE variability, parent internalizing problems, and mean levels of parent and adolescent NE. Adolescent PE variability was also associated with the risk for adolescent externalizing problems. Furthermore, higher parent PE variability was associated with more internalizing problems only for female but not male adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of assessing emotion dynamics in both parents and adolescents to better understand the development of adolescent psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chun Chiang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Shi-Jane Ting
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University
| | - Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Education, National Chengchi University
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6
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Su H, Cuskelly M, Gilmore L. Factors related to parenting styles of Chinese mothers of children with and without intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:573-587. [PMID: 36919244 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting styles play a crucial role in children's development. However, approaches to parenting children with intellectual disability (ID) beyond Western cultures have been underexamined. This study compared the self-reported parenting styles of Chinese mothers of children with and without ID and examined some factors that might be related. METHODS Chinese mothers of children with ID (n = 173) and mothers of typically developing children (n = 119) completed measures of their parenting style, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and family support. RESULTS Both groups endorsed similar levels of authoritative parenting, but mothers of children with ID were more likely to report adopting strategies aligned with authoritarian parenting. For mothers in the ID group, family support moderated the effects of parenting stress and parenting sense of competence on authoritative parenting. Parenting stress and parenting sense of competence, respectively, predicted authoritarian parenting for mothers of children with and without ID. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of reducing parenting stress, strengthening parenting sense of competence and providing family support in order to promote optimal parenting styles for Chinese mothers of children with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Su
- Faculty of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - M Cuskelly
- Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - L Gilmore
- Faculty of Creative Industries, Education and Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Yu X, He T, Tan Y, Chi P, Lin X. Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: The relationships among parental childhood emotional neglect, emotional expressiveness and children's problem behaviors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106147. [PMID: 36965433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has a severe impact on both the health and parenting styles of abused individuals in adulthood, and it even has a negative impact on the offspring of abused individuals. Although studies have confirmed the intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment, relatively few have emphasized emotional neglect and its mechanism of intergenerational effects. Additionally, few studies have examined the unique role of fathers and how mothers and fathers interact with one another. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to employ the actor-partner interdependence mediation model to investigate the relationship between parental childhood emotional neglect and children's problem behaviors, as well as whether parents' positive and negative emotional expressiveness plays a mediating role. METHODS, PARTICIPANTS, AND SETTING In total, 397 dyads of mothers and fathers of children aged 6-9 were recruited and reported their childhood emotional neglect experience and emotional expressiveness, and mothers also rated their children's problem behaviors. RESULTS The findings revealed that (a) maternal childhood emotional neglect was associated solely with mothers' own negative emotional expressiveness, followed by their children's problem behavior and (b) paternal childhood emotional neglect showed no effect on children's problem behavior through fathers' own or their spouses' positive and negative emotional expressiveness. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that childhood emotional neglect has intergenerational effects and that mothers' parenting behaviors are relatively important in preventing adverse effects on their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuxin Tan
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau.
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Commonality and Specificity in Chinese Parental Emotion Socialization and Adolescents' Psychological Functioning: A Bifactor Approach. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:743-760. [PMID: 36607475 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the conceptual relations among different parental emotion socialization processes (i.e., whether and how they are distinct or share common components) and their developmental implications for adolescents is limited, especially within Asian cultural contexts. Guided by the parental emotion socialization framework, this study aimed to: (1) investigate a conceptual model that delineates general and specific components in parental emotion socialization with both adolescents and parents within a contemporary Asian cultural context-Beijing, China, and (2) examine whether the common and specific processes predicted adolescents' psychological functioning six months later for both informants. Participants included 1486 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.11 years; 52.6% males) and their primary caregivers (Mage = 44.93 years; 44.9% males). Both adolescents and parents self-reported on parental emotion socialization and adolescents completed a measure of their psychological functioning at two time-points. We evaluated the fit of one-factor, first-order factor, and bifactor models for both informants separately. Results indicated a good fit of the bifactor model with a proposed general factor of parent meta-emotion philosophy and specific factors of parental reaction and emotional expressivity, with partial factorial invariance of the parental reaction factor across informants. The common and specific factors uniquely predicted adolescents' psychological functioning. Findings inform the parental emotion socialization framework, particularly our conceptual understanding of the different processes with Asian samples, and have practical implications for the design and implementation of comprehensive and culturally relevant parenting interventions in support of adolescent psychological functioning.
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9
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Vu KTT, Cheah CSL, Halberstadt AG. Chinese immigrant child and maternal reactions to disappointment: Cultural fit impacts the bidirectional associations. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T. T. Vu
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - Amy G. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychology North Carolina State University Baltimore Maryland USA
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10
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Li M, Lan Q, Qiu L, Yuan Y, He F, Zhang C, Zhang L. Diurnal Cortisol in Left-Behind Adolescents: Relations to Negative Family Expressiveness and Internalizing Problems. Front Public Health 2022; 10:844014. [PMID: 35619807 PMCID: PMC9127735 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.844014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the accumulating evidence for increased risks for behavioral problems in left-behind adolescents in China, little research has explored their HPA axis functioning, which is hypothesized to play a central role in the association between early adversity and health. In the present study, we designed a longitudinal study to examine HPA axis function in left-behind adolescents and its mediating role in the association between family emotional expressiveness and internalizing problems. Participants were 81 adolescents (44 female; 37 male) aged 11-16 years. Salivary cortisol samples were collected six times a day for two consecutive days on regular school days. Negative family expressiveness (NFE) and internalizing problems were measured using self-report questionnaires. The results showed that NFE was negatively associated with diurnal cortisol, and diurnal cortisol was negatively associated with internalizing problems. Further analysis showed that diurnal cortisol secretion measured by AUC (area under the curve) mediated the association between NFE and internalizing problems. Our findings extended the existing literature about left-behind children via a psychoneuroendocrinological perspective, documenting the negative consequences of the family environment for youth health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Qili Lan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Qiu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Yuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengjiao He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Tan L, Smith CL, Dunsmore JC. Validation of a Chinese translation of the Parents’ Beliefs About Children’s Emotions questionnaire and measurement invariance across Chinese and US mothers. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Culture shapes preschoolers’ emotion recognition but not emotion comprehension: a cross-cultural study in Germany and Singapore. JOURNAL OF CULTURAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41809-021-00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractContemporary approaches suggest that emotions are shaped by culture. Children growing up in different cultures experience culture-specific emotion socialization practices. As a result, children growing up in Western societies (e.g., US or UK) rely on explicit, semantic information, whereas children from East Asian cultures (e.g., China or Japan) are more sensitive towards implicit, contextual cues when confronted with others’ emotions. The aim of the present study was to investigate two aspects of preschoolers’ emotion understanding (emotion recognition and emotion comprehension) in a cross-cultural setting. To this end, Singaporean and German preschoolers were tested with an emotion recognition task employing European-American and East Asian child’s faces and the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC; Pons et al., 2004). In total, 129 German and Singaporean preschoolers (mean age 5.34 years) participated. Results indicate that preschoolers were able to recognize emotions of child’s faces above chance level. In line with previous findings, Singaporean preschoolers were more accurate in recognizing emotions from facial stimuli compared to German preschoolers. Accordingly, Singaporean preschoolers outperformed German preschoolers in the Recognition component of the TEC. The overall performance in TEC did not differ between the two samples. Findings of this study provide further evidence that emotion understanding is culturally shaped in accordance with culture-specific emotion socialization practices.
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13
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Yeo G, Raval VV, Cheah CSL. Cultural Orientation, Parental Emotion Socialization, and Adolescents’ Socio-Emotional Functioning Across Three Asian Cultures: India, China, and Singapore. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221211054153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has examined parental emotion socialization across Asian cultural contexts. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of family change and self-construal, this study examined cultural orientation toward independence-interdependence, parental emotion socialization processes, and their relations with adolescents’ psychological adjustment across three Asian cultural contexts—rural families in South India, suburban families in China, and families in Singapore. Participants included 300 Indian adolescents ( Mage = 15.58 years; 57.3% male) and their parents, 310 Chinese adolescents ( Mage = 13.04 years; 46.3% female) and their parents, and 241 Singaporean adolescents ( Mage = 14.44 years; 48.3% female) and their parents. Both adolescents and parents completed self-report measures of cultural orientation and emotion socialization, and adolescents completed a measure of their psychological adjustment. We first established construct validation for two emotion socialization processes and found that the factor structure for parental reactions varied across Asian contexts and parent versus adolescent reports, while the factor structure for parental emotion expressivity varied only across informants. Second, we tested whether the two parental emotion socialization processes mediated the association between cultural orientation toward independence-interdependence and adolescent behavior problems, and found differential relations across the three Asian contexts. Our data supported the model of family change and showed that across the Asian societies, the variations in independence-interdependence orientation provide different models of parental emotion socialization with nuances in meaning and function, as revealed by the construct validation of parental reactions and emotional expressivity and their implications for adolescents’ socio-emotional functioning.
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14
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Hu Y, Dong S, Guan F, Chen O, Chen J, Xu S. Emotion Understanding Correlates With Parental Emotional Expressivity in Chinese Youths With Hearing Loss and Typical Hearing. Front Psychol 2021; 12:662356. [PMID: 34267701 PMCID: PMC8276695 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the differences between Chinese youths with hearing loss (HL) and with typical hearing (TH) in emotion understanding (EU), parental emotional expressivity, and the associations between EU and parental emotional expressivity. The participants were 282 youths with HL (14.58 ± 3.42 years old) and 350 youths with TH (11.69 ± 2.49 years old). EU was measured by four visual-mode tasks, of which two involve language comprehension while the others do not. Parents reported positive and negative emotional expressivity on the Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire. Covariates were controlled for including socioeconomic status, parent gender, youth gender, age, intelligence, and teacher-reported comprehension difficulties. Results showed that the four EU tasks were more challenging for the youths with HL than for the youths with TH. The interaction effect of the two groups × 4 tasks was not significant, suggesting that the differences between the two groups of youths in EU were generally similar across the four tasks. The parents of the youths with HL did not differ from the parents of the youths with TH in how often they displayed positive and negative emotional expressivity. Multigroup regression analyses revealed that negative emotional expressivity was negatively related to EU in the youths with HL but not in the youths with TH. However, these two regression coefficients were not significantly different. Positive emotional expressivity was not related to EU in either group. In conclusion, this study extends the knowledge about the EU of Chinese youths with HL and emotion-related socialization of the parents of these youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Hu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Dong
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fang Guan
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Outong Chen
- Department of Normal College and School of Teacher Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kyeong Y, Cheung RYM, Cheung CS. The role of family expressiveness in American and Chinese adolescents' emotional experiences. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yena Kyeong
- Department of Psychology University of California Riverside CA USA
| | - Rebecca Y. M. Cheung
- Department of Early Childhood Education The Education University of Hong Kong Taipo Hong Kong
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16
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Delgadillo D, Boparai S, Pressman SD, Goldstein A, Bureau JF, Schmiedel S, Backer M, Broekman B, Hian Tan K, Chong YS, Chen H, Zalta AK, Meaney MJ, Rifkin-Graboi A, Tsotsi S, Borelli JL. Maternal expressions of positive emotion for children predicts children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia surrounding stress. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1225-1240. [PMID: 33403675 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess whether positive emotional exchanges (i.e., emotion coregulation) within the mother-child dyad play a protective role in children's physiological response to a distressing task. Specifically, we test whether positive emotion coregulation among mothers and their preschool-aged children is associated with children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) at baseline, during, and following a frustration task. One hundred Singaporean mother-child dyads (Mchildage = 3.5 years) participated in a standardized "Laughing Task" in which positive emotional constructs were measured. Children also participated in a frustration task while RSA was continuously monitored. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that greater maternal positive emotional responses to children were associated with child RSA at baseline and in recovery from frustration, but not during frustration. These findings have implications for the important role that positive emotion responsivity from mothers may play in children's developing autonomic response systems, and underscore the need for longitudinal work on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mumtaz Backer
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit Broekman
- VU Medical Centre, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Kandang Kerbau Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Kandang Kerbau Women and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Tsotsi
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore, Singapore
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Chen SH, Zhou Q. Cultural Values, Social Status, and Chinese American Immigrant Parents' Emotional Expressivity. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 50:381-395. [PMID: 31543545 DOI: 10.1177/0022022118817653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cultural values and social status are two salient factors in the psychological experiences of immigrant families, and both have been associated with immigrant parents' patterns of emotional expression in previous studies. The present study examined how endorsement of cultural values (collectivism and conformity) and social status were uniquely associated with immigrant parents' emotional expressivity in the family. First-generation Chinese American immigrant parents (N = 239, 80% mothers; M = 41.31 years old) of elementary-age children reported on their endorsement of values of collectivism and conformity, their patterns of emotional expressivity in the family context, and their family income and education levels. Path analyses indicated unique positive associations between family income and all domains of parents' emotional expressivity and negative associations between family income and parents' endorsement of collectivism and conformity. Parents' endorsement of collectivism was negatively associated with negative-dominant expressivity. We discuss implications of our findings for theories of culture and emotion, as well as for future intersectional approaches with Asian American populations.
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18
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Unpacking ‘culture’: Caregiver socialization of emotion and child functioning in diverse families. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Li D, Li X. Within‐ and between‐individual variation in fathers’ emotional expressivity in Chinese families: Contributions of children’s emotional expressivity and fathers’ emotion‐related beliefs and perceptions. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danli Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology Shaanxi Normal University Xian China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Applied PsychologyNew York University Shanghai Shanghai China
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Chen SH, Zhou Q. Longitudinal relations of cultural orientation and emotional expressivity in Chinese American immigrant parents: Sociocultural influences on emotional development in adulthood. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:1111-1123. [PMID: 30652886 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research in developmental psychology has traditionally focused on parents' roles as agents of emotion socialization in their children's socioemotional development. By contrast, little longitudinal research has examined sociocultural mechanisms shaping parents' own emotional development. Immigrant parents are an ideal population in which to examine these processes and advance conceptual models of culture and continuing emotional development in adulthood. Using developmental functionalism and bioecological models of development as theoretical frameworks, the present study examined how immigrant parents' and children's cultural orientations were prospectively related to parents' self-reported emotional expressivity in the family context. Chinese American immigrant parents (n = 210) with elementary-aged children were assessed at two time points approximately 2 years apart. Path analyses using longitudinal panel models indicated that immigrant parents' cultural orientation in various cultural domains (language, social relationships, media) prospectively predicted their emotional expressivity in the family context. Parents' emotional expressivity was also predicted by children's cultural orientation and by discrepancies between their own and their children's cultural orientations. Our results underscore pathways through which immigrants' interactions with the family and broader sociocultural context can contribute to continued emotional development in adulthood. We discuss implications of our findings for developmentally informed approaches to the study of culture and emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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Murray J, Shenderovich Y, Gardner F, Mikton C, Derzon JH, Liu J, Eisner M. Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. CRIME AND JUSTICE (CHICAGO, ILL.) 2018; 47:255-364. [PMID: 30310248 PMCID: PMC6176906 DOI: 10.1086/696590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Violent crime is a major cause of social instability, injury, and death in low- and middle-income countries. Longitudinal studies in high-income countries have provided important evidence on developmental precursors of violence and other antisocial behaviors. However, there may be unique influences or different risk factor effects in other social settings. Extensive searches in seven languages and screening of over 60,000 references identified 39 longitudinal studies of antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries. Many risk factors have roughly the same average effects as when studied in high-income countries. Stability of aggression over a 3-year period is almost identical across low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Dimensions of comorbid psychopathology such as low self-control, hyperactivity, and sensation seeking are associated with antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries, but some early physical health factors have consistently weak or null effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University
| | - Christopher Mikton
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England
| | - James H Derzon
- Center for Advanced Methods Development, Research Triangle Institute
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Wu J, Mei W, Ugrin JC. Student Cyberloafing In and Out of the Classroom in China and the Relationship with Student Performance. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2018; 21:199-204. [PMID: 29485288 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the in-class and out-of-class cyberloafing activities of students in China, and tests the relationship between those activities and academic performance. A sample of 1,050 undergraduate students at a large University in China reported their in-class (N = 548) and out-of-class (N = 502) cyberloafing activities, which were tested against the students' academic performance. The test results show a negative relationship between in-class cyberloafing and academic performance, but an inverted U-shaped relationship between out-of-class cyberloafing and academic performance. The results support our propositions that cyberloafing is a harmful distraction in the classroom, but can have positive effects when performed in moderation outside the classroom as a means of effort recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnan Wu
- 1 Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology , Ma'anshan, China
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- 1 Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology , Ma'anshan, China
| | - Joseph C Ugrin
- 2 Department of Accounting, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Tao S, Yu L, Gao W, Xue W. Food preferences, personality and parental rearing styles: analysis of factors influencing health of left-behind children. Qual Life Res 2016; 25:2921-2929. [PMID: 27188890 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-016-1317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the health status and problems of left-behind children (LBC) in rural China, those whose parents have moved to urban areas without them, and to focus on ways to improve their physical and mental health. METHODS The study examined 827 children between 7 and 15 years old, selected using stratified cluster random sampling from five towns in Xiji County of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Each child was classified as either LBC or non-LBC. Measures included age- and sex-specific height and body mass index (kg/m2), a food preference questionnaire, the Revised Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-My Memories of Upbringing (EMBU). RESULTS Malnutrition rates for LBC and non-LBC were 14.83 % (70/472) and 7.04 % (25/355) (χ 2 = 11.86, p < 0.01). More LBC reported hating vegetables and fruits. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire profiles of LBC revealed a significantly higher degree of neuroticism and psychoticism, and a significantly lower lie scale score (p < 0.01). LBC's EMBU profiles showed that the paternal approach lacked emotional warmth and understanding and the maternal approach was characterized by favoritism, over-interference and overprotection. There were a significant negative correlation between the personality characteristic of neuroticism and liking vegetables and fruits (p < 0.01), and a negative correlation between psychoticism and liking vegetables (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The health status of LBC is problematic. Food preferences, personality type and parenting styles should be taken into account when measures are developed to improve the health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yu
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Gao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wentong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Fabrizio CS, Lam TH, Hirschmann MR, Pang I, Yu NX, Wang X, Stewart SM. Parental emotional management benefits family relationships: A randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong, China. Behav Res Ther 2015; 71:115-24. [PMID: 26112397 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a shortage of culturally appropriate, brief, preventive interventions designed to be sustainable and acceptable for community participants in nonwestern cultures. Parents' ability to regulate their emotions is an important factor for psychological well-being of the family. In Chinese societies, emotional regulation may be more important in light of the cultural desirability of maintaining harmonious family relationships. The objectives of our randomized controlled trial were to test the effectiveness of our Effective Parenting Programme (EPP) to increase the use of emotional management strategies (primary outcome) and enhance the parent-child relationship (secondary outcome). We utilized design characteristics that promoted recruitment, retention, and intervention sustainability. We randomized a community sample of 412 Hong Kong middle- and low-income mothers of children aged 6-8 years to the EPP or attention control group. At 3, 6 and 12- month follow up, the Effective Parent Program group reported greater increases in the use of emotion management strategies during parent-child interactions, with small to medium effect size, and lower negative affect and greater positive affect, subjective happiness, satisfaction with the parent-child relationship, and family harmony, compared to the control group, with small to medium effect size. Our results provided evidence of effectiveness for a sustainable, preventive, culturally appropriate, cognitive behaviorally-based emotion management program, in a non-clinical setting for Chinese mothers. TRIAL REGISTRATION HKCTR-1190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Fabrizio
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tai Hing Lam
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Malia R Hirschmann
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Irene Pang
- Caritas-Hong Kong, 2 Caine Road, Hong Kong
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sunita M Stewart
- The University of Hong Kong, School of Public Health, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Chen SH, Kennedy M, Zhou Q. Parents’ Expression and Discussion of Emotion in the Multilingual Family. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2012; 7:365-83. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691612447307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parents regularly use words to express and discuss emotion with their children, but does it matter which language they use to do so? In this article, we examine this question in the multilingual family context by integrating findings from both psychological and linguistic research. We propose that parents’ use of different languages for emotional expression or discussion holds significant implications for children’s emotional experience, understanding, and regulation. Finally, we suggest that an understanding of the implications of emotion-related language shifts is critical, particularly in adapting interventions within a rapidly diversifying society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H. Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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