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Jepsen D, Healy KV, Bernard M, Markert J, Brzank PJ. Patterns of Sexual Risk Behaviors and Sexuality-Related Risk Factors among Young Adults in Germany: Implications for Prevention and Therapy. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:2671-2688. [PMID: 38816590 PMCID: PMC11219385 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Sexual risk behavior (SRB) includes behavioral (sex without contraception, sexualized substance use, sex work, sexual partner violence, other sexual activities that harm oneself or others) and affective subtypes (sexuality-related feelings of shame/guilt, relationship impairments) and leads to psychosocial and health-related consequences. Young adults comprise a vulnerable group regarding the development of SRB. The study aimed to identify SRB patterns among young adults and their relation to sexuality-related risk factors. A cross-sectional online survey measured behavioral and affective aspects of SRB with nine items. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of SRB. Gender, sexual orientation, age of first intercourse, number of sexual partners, hypersexuality, and sexual dysfunction were captured as risk factors via multinomial logistic regression. Within this convenience sample (n = 609; nfemale = 365; nmale = 245; Mage = 23.1 years), the SRB patterns unremarkable (67%; low values in all SRB subtypes), shame-ridden (17%; high values in sexual feelings of shame/guilt) and risky sexual behavior (16%; high values in all subtypes of SRB, especially sexualized drug use) were identified. The shame-ridden and risky patterns were strongly associated with higher hypersexuality values, the risky pattern moreover with being non-heterosexual, of younger age at first sexual experience, and a higher number of sexual partners. Male and sexual minority participants demonstrated SRB more often than females and heterosexuals. Within prevention and treatment of SRB, it seems beneficial to address sexuality-related feelings of shame/guilt and addictive patterns (concerning sexual behaviors/substances) via gender- and diversity-sensitive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Jepsen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Interdisciplinary Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Karl Vince Healy
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Interdisciplinary Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marie Bernard
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Interdisciplinary Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jenny Markert
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Interdisciplinary Center of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Petra J Brzank
- Institue of Social Medicine, Rehabilitation Sciences and Healthcare Research, University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen, Nordhausen, Germany
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2
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de Heer C, Bi S, Finkenauer C, Alink L, Maes M. The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:388-404. [PMID: 35652822 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While there is evidence that child maltreatment is positively associated with loneliness, the strength of this association is not yet clear. It is also unclear whether the magnitude and statistical significance of this association varies across groups of individuals. Therefore, this meta-analysis examines whether there are differences in loneliness between individuals with and without maltreatment histories, and which factors may influence the association between child maltreatment and loneliness. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted on 52 studies reporting 116 effect sizes (N = 1,705,493; Mage = 30.93; 49.6% females). Results showed a medium overall effect (g = 0.45, p < .001, 95% CI [0.36, 0.53]), indicating that individuals with maltreatment histories, on average, feel lonelier than individuals without maltreatment histories. Moderator analyses showed that effect sizes were larger for emotional abuse and emotional neglect as compared to other types of child maltreatment and decreased when participants were older at the time of loneliness assessment. These findings suggest that individuals with maltreatment histories, especially those who have been emotionally abused and/or emotionally neglected, are vulnerable to experiencing loneliness across the lifespan. The results also suggest that feelings of loneliness warrant attention in prevention and intervention programs for individuals with maltreatment histories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marlies Maes
- Utrecht University, the Netherlands
- KU Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Karris MY, Lau M, Blumenthal J. Preventive and Sexual Health in LGBTQ+ Older Adults. Clin Geriatr Med 2024; 40:223-237. [PMID: 38521594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Sexual health is an important but often overlooked health concern of LGBTQ + older adults. Multiple factors influence sexual health including intersecting identities; adverse life events; coping mechanisms; and psychological, social, and physical health domains. Thus, the use of a culturally competent and comprehensive person-centered approach to sexual health is warranted. In this review, we discuss approaches to engaging LGBTQ + older adults to ensure they are able to achieve their sexual health priorities and prevent new human immunodeficiency virus infections. We also discuss doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to prevent other sexually transmitted infections and the impact of chemsex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maile Young Karris
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Megan Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jill Blumenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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4
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Basting EJ, Medenblik AM, Garner AR, Sullivan JA, Romero GJ, Shorey RC, Stuart GL. Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority Young Adults: Associations With Alcohol Use, PTSD Symptoms, Internalized Homophobia, and Heterosexist Discrimination. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:312-340. [PMID: 37650654 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other sexual minority (LGBQ+) young adults report similar or higher rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration than their heterosexual peers. Elevated IPV risk among LGBQ+ young adults may be attributable to experiencing heterosexist discrimination and internalized homophobia. In addition, LGBQ+ people report disproportionate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration in dating relationships. Thus, this study explored which combinations of IPV risk factors (i.e., experiencing heterosexist discrimination, internalized homophobia, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use) related to forms of IPV perpetration, inclusive of psychological, physical, and sexual forms, in a sample of 342 LGBQ+ young adults. Internalized homophobia was related to psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium levels of PTSD symptoms and only high levels of alcohol use. PTSD symptoms and alcohol use interacted to predict psychological IPV perpetration; and PTSD symptoms related to increased psychological IPV perpetration at high and medium, but not low, alcohol use levels. Alcohol use was positively related to physical IPV perpetration. No other risk factors or interactions were significantly related to physical or sexual IPV perpetration. Results were consistent with prior findings that linked internalized homophobia, alcohol use, and PTSD symptoms to IPV perpetration and highlight the interacting nature of these IPV perpetration risk factors. Comprehensive IPV interventions with LGBQ+ young adults should evaluate the impact of simultaneously targeting these multiple IPV risk factors considering their interacting contributions to IPV perpetration risk. More research is needed to examine the temporal relations between minority stress, PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, and IPV perpetration.
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5
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Sterrett-Hong EM, Smith AB, Bullock NA, Combs RM, Krigger K, Kerr J. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and PrEP intentions among Black American young adults at high-risk for HIV. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:100-111. [PMID: 37743543 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2259639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Black Americans bear the greatest burden of HIV, accounting for 43% of new diagnoses. Yet Black Americans also evidence the lowest utilization rates of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective biomedical strategy for preventing HIV infection. Predictors of PrEP acceptance vary; however, little is known about psychological distress, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as a predictor. DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, n = 195 Black Americans, evidencing behaviors found in the research literature to heighten risk for contracting HIV (e.g. sex work, injection drug use) ages 18-29, 55% cisgender women, 39.5% cisgender men, 3% transgender/non-binary, completed audio-computer-assisted self-interviews. RESULTS Bivariate analyses indicated significant positive associations between PTSD symptoms and PrEP acceptance and self-confidence. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, after controlling for Perceived HIV Risk, participants had a higher likelihood of responding they 'probably would' take PrEP (as opposed to 'definitely would not' take PrEP) if they reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Post-hoc analyses revealed a curvilinear relationship between PTSD symptoms and PrEP acceptance with those reporting the highest level of PTSD in the sample having slightly lower PrEP acceptance than those reporting moderately high levels of PTSD. CONCLUSION Findings are discussed in the context of the negative impacts of high levels of PTSD and potential positive adaptations subsequent to moderate levels of PTSD that could be relevant to advances in HIV prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Sterrett-Hong
- Kent School of Social Work and Family Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Adrienne B Smith
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Nana Ama Bullock
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Ryan M Combs
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Karen Krigger
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Jelani Kerr
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
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6
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Brown MJ, Trask JS, Kaur A, Li X. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and HIV disclosure among people living with HIV in South Carolina: a structural equation modeling approach. AIDS Care 2023; 35:1904-1910. [PMID: 36630703 PMCID: PMC10333445 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
HIV disclosure continues to be a key consideration among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, there is a lack of studies assessing factors associated with HIV disclosure among PLWH in the Southern U.S. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between sociodemographic risk factors and HIV disclosure using a structural equation modeling approach among PLWH in South Carolina. Exploratory factor analysis was used to operationalize HIV disclosure. Structural equation models were used to determine the associations between sociodemographic factors and HIV disclosure among PLWH. Two latent variables were obtained for HIV disclosure: partners (stable partners, spouses, casual partners), and family/friends (parents, grandparents, siblings, children, adult children, friends, and coworkers). After adjusting for confounders, Black populations were less likely to disclose their HIV status to both partners (β = -0.250, p = 0.006) and family/friends (β = -0.246, p < 0.001) compared to non-Black populations. As yearly income increased, the likelihood of HIV disclosure to family/friends decreased (β = -0.300, p = <0.001). As time since diagnosis increased, the likelihood of HIV disclosure to family/friends increased (β = 0.266, p = 0.001). Future research can assess the feasibility of implementing disclosure interventions that are geared towards Black, high income and newly diagnosed PLWH and the associations of psychosocial factors and HIV disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Office for the Study on Aging, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - J. Stewart Trask
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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7
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Ramos N, Marr MC. Traumatic Stress and Resilience Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:667-682. [PMID: 37739627 PMCID: PMC10914351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic stress increases the risk for mental health conditions and adversely impacts health, academic performance, and coping. Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth experience higher rates of abuse and maltreatment and interpersonal and community-embedded discrimination than their cisgender peers. Neurobiologic stress responses and social stress theory provide useful frameworks for understanding the effects of discrimination, stigma, and rejection. Despite facing higher rates of interpersonal trauma, TGD youth are quite resilient when able to access supports and affirming trauma-informed services. Clinicians play an important role in identifying and addressing traumatic stress impacting TGD youth and bolstering resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ramos
- University of California, Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Mollie C Marr
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA
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8
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Shepp K, Drescher CF, Griffin JA, Stepleman LM. Loneliness in Sexual Minority Individuals in the Southeastern United States: The Role of Minority Stress and Resilience. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2023; 70:963-988. [PMID: 34806943 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.2006001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Health disparities in the sexual minority population may be exacerbated by the loneliness experienced due to minority stress. Using a minority stress framework, this study examined minority stress, protective variables, and mental health as correlates of loneliness in sexual minority individuals in a small metropolitan area in the southeastern United States. Participants (n = 273) were a subsample of sexual minority individuals from a broader sample of LGBTQ adults in the Central Savannah River area who completed a health needs assessment. Bivariate correlations were calculated to assess for degree of significant relationships between loneliness and barriers to health care, minority stress, and mental health. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine the relative importance of the study variables' associations with loneliness. A multiple regression model found household income, assault victimization, depressive symptoms, and sense of community to be significant correlates of loneliness. Interventions to decrease loneliness in this population will need to consider these interconnected, multi-level influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Shepp
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher F Drescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - James A Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- LGBT Health Resource Center, Chase Brexton Health Care, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara M Stepleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Seretlo RJ, Mokgatle MM. Practice, attitudes and views of right to access of sexual and reproductive health services by LGBTQI among primary health care nurses in Tshwane. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2023; 15:e1-e9. [PMID: 36744461 PMCID: PMC9900286 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual and reproductive healthcare services (SRHS) are crucial investments for improving individual well-being and granting an opportunity to exercise sexual and reproductive rights. Primary health care (PHC) nurses are described as gatekeepers, preventing many individuals, including the members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) community, from accessing much-needed healthcare services. AIM The study aimed at exploring the experiences and perceptions of PHC nurses during the provision of SRHS for members of the LGBTQI community. SETTING The study was conducted among eight clinics around Tshwane in South Africa. METHODS Twenty-seven professional nurses were selected purposively, using an exploratory design approach. A semistructured interview guide and in-depth face-to-face interviews were used to gather data. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis (TCA). RESULTS Four themes emerged: understanding of SRHS, attitudes of PHC nurses, frequency of rendering services based on utilisation of SHR and views of nurses on the right to access SRHS. CONCLUSION A heteronormative approach was mostly indicated when rendering SHRS to the members of the LGBTQI community. Members of the LGBTQI community do not use the SRHS as often as heterosexual patients; lack of training, skills and knowledge were identified as barriers to rendering much-needed SRHS for members of the LGBTQI community.Contribution: The findings of this study assisted in demonstrating the PHC nurses' perceptions, experiences, skills and knowledge of LGBTQI SRHS, thus improving the members of the LGBTQI community's accessibility and utilisation of SRHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikane J. Seretlo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mathildah M. Mokgatle
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Primary Healthcare Nurse’s Barriers and Facilitators to Providing Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Services of LGBTQI Individuals: A Qualitative Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112208. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, we only hear Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex (LGBTQI) patients complaining about nurses being the reason for not accessing and utilizing healthcare services; for example, studies reports on the different attitudes of healthcare providers including nurses against LGBTQI patients. However, factors influencing the behavior of South African Primary Healthcare (PHC) Nurses toward LGBTQI patients are rarely reported. The study aimed to explore how PHC nurses experienced and perceived sexual and reproductive health services for LGBTQI individuals in Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The study followed qualitative research using an exploratory design approach. The sample included 27 PHC nurses from Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa. In-depth face-to-face interviews were coded and analyzed using Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) which included five interrelated steps. The results revealed three main themes: barriers to the provision of LGBTQI-related SRHS, facilitators for the provision of SRHS to LGBTQI individuals, and strategies to improve LGBTQI individuals’ SRHS accessibility and availability. Common barriers were related to the institutions, PHC nurses, the general public, and LGBTQI patients themselves. Regardless of the challenges faced by PHC nurses, there were some enabling factors that pushed them to continue rendering SHRS to LGBTQI patients who came to their clinics. Almost all PHC nurses suggested the importance of awareness, transparency, collaboration, and the need for training related to LGBTQI healthcare issues.
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11
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Cain D, Millar BM, Parsons JT, Rendina HJ. Stress-Related Growth Among Transgender Women: Measurement, Correlates, and Insights for Clinical Interventions. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2022; 69:1679-1702. [PMID: 33989133 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2021.1921511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although transgender women (TGW), and especially TGW of color, are disproportionately exposed to discrimination and violence, many of them experience stress-related growth. However, little is known about the experience of stress-related growth and its correlates among TGW. Using data from a racially-diverse sample of 210 TGW, the short version of the Stress-Related Growth Scale was modified to assess growth as a result of coming to terms with one's transgender identity among TGW. The psychometric properties of the modified scale were examined, along with its associations with various cognitive, emotional, and social factors. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional factor, along with excellent reliability. A stepwise regression revealed that positive reappraisal, internal locus of control, social support, and emotional expression were associated with greater stress-related growth. Findings suggest that cognitive, emotional, and social resources are related to stress-related growth in TGW. Interventions to foster stress-related growth among TGW are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demetria Cain
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brett M Millar
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- Health Psychology and Clinical Science Doctoral Program, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Antebi-Gruszka N. #TransLivesMatter: What We Owe to Transgender and Gender Diverse Youths. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:363-365. [PMID: 35196055 PMCID: PMC8887174 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Antebi-Gruszka
- Nadav Antebi-Gruszka is with the Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, and cofounder of Heartspace Therapy, a private psychotherapy practice, New York, NY
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13
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Hinds Z, Herbitter C, Bryant WT, Newberger NG, Livingston NA. Hazardous Substance Use Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults: A Deeper Look into Distal Minority Stressors. PSYCHOLOGY OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER DIVERSITY 2022; 10:10.1037/sgd0000583. [PMID: 37885566 PMCID: PMC10601395 DOI: 10.1037/sgd0000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination and victimization drive health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, yet little is known about the relative impacts of specific experience types on hazardous substance use. Using data from 704 SGM adults, we examined SGM-related discrimination vs. victimization and specific experiences as predictors of hazardous substance use. SGM-related victimization, not discrimination, predicted hazardous substance use, and SGM-related sexual assault and harassment predicted hazardous alcohol use, although only sexual assault predicted hazardous drug use. These findings implicate lifetime SGM-related victimization, and SGM-related sexual assault and harassment specifically, as key correlates of recent hazardous substance use among SGM adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zig Hinds
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara Herbitter
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William T. Bryant
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Noam G. Newberger
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Livingston
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Edwards KM, Scheer JR, Mauer VA. Informal and Formal Mentoring of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: A Systematic Review. SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 2022; 47:37-71. [PMID: 37601892 PMCID: PMC10438919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Research demonstrates that mentoring relationships can promote positive outcomes for youth across numerous domains, a topic of importance to school social workers. Whereas most mentoring research to date has been conducted with heterosexual cisgender youth, there is a growing body of literature that examines mentoring experiences among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic literature review of informal and formal mentoring experiences among SGMY. Results from twelve studies that met inclusion criteria suggested that (1) the majority of SGMY report having a mentor/role model; (2) demographics are generally unrelated to having a mentor; (3) SGMY seek out mentors with certain characteristics; (4) mentors promote positive outcomes across psychosocial, behavioral, and academic domains; and (5) mentors report varying levels of self-efficacy in mentoring SGMY and disparate motivations for becoming a mentor. Several limitations of the extant literature were identified, underscoring the need for methodologically rigorous and more inclusive research. Nevertheless, preliminary research suggests that SGMY benefit from having a mentor and that efforts are needed to safely connect SGMY to high-quality informal or formal mentors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | | | - Victoria A Mauer
- Boys & Girls Club of America, Lincoln, NE, and postdoctoral research associate, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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15
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Care of Individuals Who Identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning and/or Queer, Intersex, or Asexual: A Position Paper. J Addict Nurs 2021; 32:220-224. [PMID: 34855320 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Antebi-Gruszka N, Scheer JR. Associations Between Trauma-Informed Care Components and Multiple Health and Psychosocial Risks Among LGBTQ Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING 2021; 43:139-156. [PMID: 34092983 PMCID: PMC8174812 DOI: 10.17744/mehc.43.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals disproportionately experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and resulting negative health consequences compared to cisgender heterosexual individuals. This study builds on prior recent work by examining specific trauma-informed care (TIC) components most associated with a comprehensive set of health and psychosocial risks among 298 LGBTQ IPV survivors who sought and accessed trauma-related services (e.g., mental health counseling). Results indicated that TIC components are differentially associated with LGBTQ clients' health and well-being. Specifically, greater perceptions of providers who fostered agency and mutual respect were associated with better outcomes, whereas greater perceptions of providers who focused on culture and increasing opportunities to connect with other survivors were related to negative outcomes. These findings underscore the need for providers to prioritize LGBTQ clients' sense of agency and mutual respect and identify for whom focusing on culture and connecting with other LGBTQ survivors might be beneficial.
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Scheer JR, Harney P, Esposito J, Woulfe JM. Self-Reported Mental and Physical Health Symptoms and Potentially Traumatic Events Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Individuals: The Role of Shame. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2020; 10:131-142. [PMID: 33062388 PMCID: PMC7556696 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals disproportionately face exposure to potentially traumatic events-adverse experiences that may have a traumatizing effect-and experience shame as a common consequence. Previous research demonstrates associations between shame and psychological and physical health issues among those with exposure to potentially traumatic events in general, with limited attention among LGBTQ individuals specifically. This study determined whether shame partially mediated the relationship between potentially traumatic events exposure and self-reported mental and physical health symptoms among LGBTQ individuals. METHOD Participants were 218 self-identified LGBTQ individuals who reported experiencing at least one potentially traumatic event (e.g., childhood sexual abuse). Online surveys assessed the type and frequency of potentially traumatic events exposure, shame, self-reported mental health (depression symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and substance use), and physical health symptoms (sexual risk behavior, somatic symptoms, and chronic health conditions). RESULTS Greater potentially traumatic events exposure was associated with greater shame, and greater shame was associated with worse self-reported mental and physical health. Potentially traumatic events exposure had a direct effect on self-reported mental and physical health, and shame partially mediated this relationship. CONCLUSION Shame represents an important and modifiable factor that relates to poor health and may be amenable to change through psychosocial interventions. Given the prevalence of negative self-attribution stemming from potentially traumatic events exposure, in addition to the internalization of stigma among this population, practitioners need to uncover interventions specifically targeting shame when working with LGBTQ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Esposito
- Brooklyn Campus of the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
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