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Kianmehr M, Khazdair MR, Abbasnezhad A, Akram M. Effects of Lamiaceae family plants and their bioactive ingredients on coronavirus-induced lung inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1528-1544. [PMID: 38455203 PMCID: PMC10916600 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a family of viruses that cause infection in respiratory and intestinal systems. Different types of CoVs, those responsible for the SARS-CoV and the new global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in people, have been found. Some plants were used as food additives: spices and dietary and/or medicinal purposes in folk medicine. We aimed to provide evidence about possible effects of two Lamiaceae family plants on control or treatment of CoVs-induced inflammation. The keywords including coronaviruses, Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, thymol, carvacrol, antivirus, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were searched in various databases such as PubMed, Web of Sciences (ISI), and Google Scholar until September 2022. The medicinal herbs and their main ingredients, thymol and carvacrol, showed antiviral properties and reduced inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β; IL-6, and TNF-α, at both gene and protein levels but increased the levels of IFN-γ in the serum as anti-inflammatory cytokine. These medicinal herbs and their constituents also reduce oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant capacity. The results of molecular docking analyses also indicated that polyphenol components such as thymol, carvone, and carvacrol could inhibit the entry of the viruses into the host cells in molecular docking analyses. The antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of these plants may be due to actions of their phenolic compounds that modulate immune response and may be useful in the control and treatment of CoV-induced lung disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
| | - Abbasali Abbasnezhad
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineGonabad University of Medical SciencesGonabadIran
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern MedicineGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
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Ghiselli F, Yu LE, Piva A, Grilli E, Li Y. Evaluating protective effects of botanicals under inflammation and oxidative stress in chicken apical-out enteroids. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102821. [PMID: 37343346 PMCID: PMC10404760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanicals (BOTs) are well known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. They have been widely used as feed additives to reduce inflammation and improve intestinal functions in agricultural animals. However, the effects of BOTs on chicken intestinal epithelial functions are not fully understood. The 3D apical-out chicken enteroids recapitulate the intestinal tissue, and allow convenient access to the luminal surface, thus serving as a suitable model for investigating gut functions. The aim of this study was to identify the roles of BOTs in protecting the intestinal epithelium in chicken enteroids under challenging conditions. Apical-out enteroids were isolated from the small intestines of 18 days-old chicken embryos. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 µg/mL) and menadione (400 µM) challenges were performed in the media with or without BOTs. Paracellular Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4kD (FD4) permeability, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were analyzed post-BOTs and challenges treatments. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparisons among treatments. The results showed that the LPS challenge for 24 h induced a 50% increase in FD4 permeability compared with nontreated control; thymol, thyme essential oil, and phenol-rich extract significantly (P < 0.02) reduced FD4 permeability by 25%, 41%, and 48% respectively, in comparison with LPS treatment. Moreover, the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was upregulated, tight junction proteins and defensins were downregulated (P < 0.05) after 6 h of LPS treatment, while these BOTs treatments significantly restored the LPS-induced gene expression alterations (P < 0.05). Menadione oxidative challenge for 1 h significantly increased the ROS level compared with unchallenged control. Enteroids treated with thymol and thyme essential oils showed 30% reduced ROS levels, while the phenol-rich extract reduced them by 60%, in comparison with the challenged group (P < 0.0001). These data confirmed the role of BOTs in supporting the barrier function and reducing the disruptive effects of inflammation and oxidation in the chicken intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ghiselli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Liang-En Yu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Andrea Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Vetagro S.p.A. - Via Ignazio Porro, Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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Liu Z, Lei X, Li J, Zhong Y, Tan D, Zhang Q, Kong Z. Effects of fermented Andrographis paniculata on growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and intestinal health in Muscovy ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102461. [PMID: 36709554 PMCID: PMC9900618 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the effects of unfermented and fermented Andrographis paniculata on growth performance, carcass traits, immune function, and intestinal health in Muscovy ducks. A total of 450 (16-day-old) Muscovy ducks weighing 271.44 ± 8.25 g were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (6 replicate pens of 15 ducks per treatment), consisting of one control treatment (basal diet without A. paniculata), one unfermented A. paniculata treatment (basal diet plus 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata) and 3 fermented A. paniculata treatments (basal diet plus 10, 30, and 50 g/kg). 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata increased the ADG, thymus index, peripheral blood lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes rate, while decreased the FCR. 10 g/kg fermented A. paniculata markedly boosted ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, while decreased the FCR. 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata clearly improved ADG, bursa of fabricius index, thymus index, serum lysozyme, lymphocyte conversion rate, villi height, vilii width, intestinal thickness, villi surface area, intraepithelial lymphocytes, while decreased FCR. 50 g/kg fermented A. paniculata significantly increased villi height, vilii width, and villi surface area, while clearly reduced BW. Additionally, compared to 30 g/kg unfermented A. paniculata, 30 g/kg fermented A. paniculata obviously increased bursa of fabricius indices, lymphocyte conversion rate, vilii width, villi surface area. On top of that, supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata (30 g/kg each) decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Succinivibrio, Succinatimonas, Sphaerochaeta, and Mucispirillum) and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Rikenellaceae, Methanocorpusculum, Fournierella, Ruminococcaceae) in the ceca of the ducks. However, fermented A. paniculata had considerable better effects than unfermented A. paniculate on all above measured indices. Overall, these results revealed that supplementation with unfermented and fermented A. paniculata across different treatments improved growth, immune status, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota composition and structure in Muscovy ducks, making it a potential alternative to antibiotics in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowen Lei
- Ganzhou Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Institute, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Alavinezhad A, Ghorani V, Rajabi O, Boskabady MH. Zataria multiflora extract influenced asthmatic patients by improving respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests and lung inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114888. [PMID: 34863879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) were reported in previous studies which is using in traditional and modern medicine. This plant is traditional used as an anti-tussive agent and for the management of respiratory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The preventive effect of the extract of leaves and stems of Z. multiflora on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests, hematological indices, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the serum and supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and gene expression of IL-10 in these cells in asthmatic patients was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 asthmatic patients in three groups (randomly divided) of placebo group (P), two groups treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg/day doses of Z. multiflora (Z5 and Z10) for two months completed the study. Drugs were administered double-blindly and different variables were assessed before and after (one and two months) starting treatment including respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests (PFT), hematological indices, hs-CRP, serum and supernatant levels as well as gene expression of IL-10. RESULTS Two months treatment with Z5 and Z10 led to significant reduction of respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Pulmonary function test values in treated groups were also significantly increased two months after starting treatment (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Total WBC, monocytes and eosinophils were also decreased in treated groups with the extract at the end of study period (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). Hemoglobin and hematocrit in Z10 treated group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in both treated groups (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) were significantly reduced. In addition, the level of hs-CRP in both treated groups was significantly reduced after two months (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). IL-10 concentration in Z10 treated group in supernatant of PBMC was also significantly enhanced (p < 0.01). All comparisons were made compared to the baseline (beginning of the treatment) values. CONCLUSION Z. multiflora improved respiratory symptoms and increased pulmonary function tests in asthmatic patients. In addition, the plant was effective in decrement of inflammatory cells and hs-CRP as well as enhanced IL-10. Therefore, the plant showed possible preventive therapeutic effect on asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Alavinezhad
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Patil SM, Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Shivamallu C, Amachawadi RG. A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Thymus vulgaris Linn. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07054. [PMID: 34041399 PMCID: PMC8141878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris Linn. is a medicinal and culinary herb from the Southern European region known for its anti-infective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities since the Egyptian era. The reported pharmacological activities of T. vulgaris L. include antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-cancerous activities. In this review, a comprehensive approach is put forth to scrutinize and report the available data on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, pharmacology, and toxicology of the plant. The different extracts and essential oil obtained from the plant have been assessed and reported to treat ailments like microbial infections, inflammation, non-communicable diseases like cancer, and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV-1 and Herpes. The literature review has also indicated the use of volatile oils, phenolic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and polysaccharides in pharmacotherapy. Applications of these compounds including antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, cardio, neuro and hepatoprotective, anti-osteoporosis, sedative, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antispasmodic, antinociceptive, gastroprotective, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antidepressant, anti-amnesia, and anti-helminthic activities have been mentioned. Further, based on research gaps, recommendations have been provided to evaluate T. vulgaris L. systematically to develop plant-based drugs, nutraceuticals, and to evaluate their clinical efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank M. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Prithvi S. Shirahatti
- Department of Biotechnology, Teresian College, Siddhartha Nagara, Mysuru, 570 011, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570 015, Karnataka, India
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Gholijani N, Hashemi E, Amirghofran Z. Piperine from Black Pepper Decreased the Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Macrophages. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:201-205. [PMID: 32614754 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019666200702093759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are the main players involved in inflammation. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) facilitates macrophage polarization prior to extravasation into inflamed tissue. Piperine, a natural product derived from black pepper, possesses useful biological and pharmacological activities. In the current study, the possible anti-inflammatory effect of piperine on the expression of ICAM-1 on J774.1 murine macrophage cell line was investigated. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of piperine to examine the changes in ICAM-1 expression by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that piperine decreased ICAM-1 gene expression level from 2.4 ± 0.25 RFC (relative fold change) in LPS-only treated cells to 0.85 ± 0.525 RFC at 1µg/ml (p<0.05), 0.43 ± 0.27 RFC at 10µg/ml (p<0.01), and 0.26 ± 0.25 RFC at 20µg/ml (p<0.01). In flow cytometry, piperine at all concentrations significantly decreased ICAM-1 surface expressions (P<0.05). The geometric mean fluorescence intensity (g-MFI) in LPS-only treated cells (792 ± 57.3) decreased to 482±70 g-MFI at 20 μg/ml piperine. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, by decreasing the expression of ICAM-1, piperine has been suggested to reduce inflammation and have the potential to provide therapeutic benefits for immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Aldahlawi AM, Alzahrani AT, Elshal MF. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of Boswellia sacra essential oil on T-cells and dendritic cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:352. [PMID: 33213426 PMCID: PMC7678202 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellia sacra resin has been commonly used as analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, which reflect its immunomodulatory activity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and sentinel cells that regulate the immune response. This study aims at investigating whether crude essential oil extracted from Boswellia sacra resin (BSEO), has a potential effect on the phenotype and functions of human monocyte-derived DCs. METHODS Oil extract from the resin of Boswellia sacra was prepared by hydrodistillation using a custom made hydrodistiller. BSEO-mediated cell viability has been initially studied on human skin dermis cells (HSD) and DC precursors using quantitative and qualitative assays before applying on DCs. Human DCs were generated from differentiated peripheral blood monocytes cultured in media containing both GM-CSF and IL-4. DCs were exposed to 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL of BSEO in vitro. Morphological, phonotypical, and functional properties studied with microscopy, flow cytometry, and ELISA. RESULTS Crude BSEO was found to interfere with the maturation and differentiation of DCs from precursor cells in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BSEO-treated DCs, cultured in the presence of LPS, reduced the ability of allogeneic T cells to proliferate compared to that co-cultured with LPS-stimulated DCs only. In addition, the endocytic capacity and secretion of IL-10 by DCs treated with BSEO was enhanced in comparison to LPS treated cells. Analysis of the chemical composition of BESO using GC-MS (Clarus 500 GC/MS, PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT) revealed the presence of compounds with several biological activities including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION Results indicated that BSEO deviates the differentiation of monocytes into immature DCs. Furthermore, stimulation of immature DCs with BSEO was unable to generate full DC maturation. However, these findings may potentially be employed to generate DCs with tolerogenic properties that are able to induce tolerance in diseases with hypersensitivity, autoimmunity as well as transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani T Alzahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Elshal
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
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Usuwanthim K, Wisitpongpun P, Luetragoon T. Molecular Identification of Phytochemical for Anticancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:651-666. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200213110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer commands the second highest global mortality rate and causes severe public health problems.
Recent advances have been made in cancer therapy but the incidence of the disease remains high. Research on
more efficient treatment methods with reduced side effects is necessary. Historically, edible plants have been
used as traditional medicines for various diseases. These demonstrate the potential of natural products as sources
of bioactive compounds for anticancer treatment. Anticancer properties of phytochemicals are attributed to
bioactive compounds in plant extracts that suppress cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing both cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review presents a summary of the molecular identification of phytochemicals
with anticancer properties and details their action mechanisms and molecular targets. Moreover, the effects of
the natural product on both immunomodulatory and anticancer properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Prapakorn Wisitpongpun
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Luetragoon
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Khazdair MR, Rezaeetalab F, Rafatpanah H, Boskabady MH. The effect of Zataria multiflora on inflammatory cytokine and respiratory symptoms in veterans exposed to sulfur mustard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22451-22460. [PMID: 32314290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) on serum cytokine, chemokines, and respiratory symptoms in the veterans exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) more than two decades (27-30 years) ago was conducted in 2018. Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P, mean age (54.40 ± 5.51)) and two treated groups with Z. multiflora extract 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and 10; mean age, 58.50 ± 3.60 and 55.18 ± 4.11, respectively). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), forced expiratory volume-one second (FEV1), and respiratory symptoms including chest wheeze (CW), night wheeze (NW), night cough (NC), and cough and wheeze during exercise (ECW) were assessed at the baseline (phase 0), 1 and 2 months after starting treatment (phase I and II, respectively). The value of FEV1 was significantly increased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with that in phase 0 (p < 0.01 for both) and in Z5 in phase II compared with phase I and 0 (p < 0.001for both). All respiratory symptoms significantly decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of TNF-α and VEGF were decreased in Z5 and 10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Serum levels of MCP-1 and EGF were decreased in Z10 in phase I and II compared with those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change of respiratory symptoms, serum levels of cytokines during the treatment period, was significantly improved in the treated groups compared with that in the placebo group. Two months' of treatment with Z. multiflora improved cytokine levels, respiratory symptom, and FEV1 values in SM-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Rezaeetalab
- COPD Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam-Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
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10
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Khazdair MR, Ghorani V, Alavinezhad A, Boskabady MH. Effect of Zataria multiflora on serum cytokine levels and pulmonary function tests in sulfur mustard-induced lung disorders: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112325. [PMID: 31707049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and has several traditional uses owing to its antiseptic, aesthetic, antispasmodic, analgesic, and antidiarrheal properties. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the effect of Z. multiflora on serum cytokine levels and pulmonary function tests (PFT) in patients exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) for a long term (27-30 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to the placebo group (P) and two experimental groups treated with Z. multiflora extracts, i.e., 5 and 10 mg/kg/day (Z5 and Z10). Serum levels of cytokines including IL (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) and IFN-γ as well as PFT indices such as maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) and maximum expiratory flow at 25, 50, and 75% of vital capacity (VC) (MEF25, 50, and 75) were assessed at the beginning (phase 0) and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (phases I and II, respectively) after starting the treatment. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly decreased, while serum levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the Z5 and Z10 treatment groups in phases I and II as compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). MMEF and MEF25, 50, and 75 values were significantly increased in the Z5 group in phase II and in the Z10 group in phases I and II compared to those in phase 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The percent change in serum cytokine levels and the change in MEF25, 50, and 75 during the two-month treatment period were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Two months of treatment with Z. multiflora reduced inflammation, while it enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines and improved PFT indices in SM-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Azam Alavinezhad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Amirghofran Z, Shekofteh N, Ghafourian M, Khosravi N, Kalantar K, Malek-Hosseini S. Tumor Cell Death via Apoptosis and Improvement of Activated Lymphocyte Cytokine Secretion by Extracts from Euphorbia Hebecarpa and Euphorbia Petiolata. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1979-1988. [PMID: 31350954 PMCID: PMC6745218 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunomodulatory materials from natural herbs and the characterization of their immune enhancement effects may have tremendous potential as cancer treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the apoptosis-inducing activities of Euphorbia hebecarpa Boiss and Euphorbia petiolata Banks & Sol. plant extracts and their effects on cytokine secretion by lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: We assessed the apoptosis-inducing effect of the plants’ hexane extracts on previously determined sensitive cell lines (HeLa for E. hebecarpa and K562 for E. petiolata) by flow cytometry and measurement of caspase 3 activation. The apoptosis-related gene expressions were examined by real-time PCR. The effects of the extracts on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion were examined. Results: Flow cytometry analysis showed that the inhibitory effect of the extracts on tumor cell growth was due to cell apoptosis. The plant extracts at the 100 μg/ml dose induced apoptosis in HeLa (98.5 ± 0.1%) and K562 (57.7 ± 1.9%) cells. The extracts increased caspase 3 activation (≈2-fold>control). Real-time PCR showed Fas and Bax gene upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation, which resulted in an increased Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. The extracts increased lymphocyte proliferation and increased levels of IFN-γ production in the presence and absence of mitogen (p < 0.05). They significantly increased IL-4 and decreased IL-10 secretion by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. E. hebecarpa also increased IL-17 release. Conclusion: These results have shown that both extracts possess antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis, possibly through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In addition, they induced secretion of different T helper subset related cytokines that are effective in the immune response against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narjes Shekofteh
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Khosravi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dehghan M, Asgharian S, Khalesi E, Ahmadi A, Lorigooini Z. Comparative study of the effect of Thymus daenensis gel 5% and diclofenac in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2019; 9:9. [PMID: 31124455 PMCID: PMC6533939 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2019090209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis is a syndrome characterized by joint pain and reduced performance and efficien- cy in patient. Thymus daenensis has been used since old times for the treatment of bone and joint deformities and pain in traditional medicine. Purpose: This study was conducted to examine traditional usages and pharmacological features of T. daen- ensis with respect to the effect of the plant in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: 120 patients with osteoarthritis were divided into 3 groups. Patients in each group were treated by 5% Thymus daenensis gel, 1% diclofenac gel, or placebo for 6 weeks, along with oral celecoxib capsules. Patients were assessed in different intervals, based on the VAS score for assessment of pain in the joint and different dimensions of WOMAC questionnaire. Results: Pain level (P < 0.005), stiffness during the day (P < 0.05), morning stiffness (P < 0.05) and physi- cal performance (P < 0.05) were significantly different among the groups. Conclusions: Thymus daenensis gel improves the symptoms in patients equal and without significant difference than diclofenac group. It can be argued that its use can produce a satisfactory effect on patients with osteoarthritis due to its low cost, easy access, the plant’s natively occurring in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Dehghan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shirin Asgharian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elena Khalesi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Bayat M, Kalantar K, Amirghofran Z. Inhibition of interferon-γ production and T-bet expression by menthol treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:267-276. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1588294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bayat
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Wannes D, Jridi M, Marzouki L, Sebai H. The potential of Thymus vulgaris aqueous extract to protect against delayed gastric emptying and colonic constipation in rats. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20593-20602. [PMID: 35515536 PMCID: PMC9065799 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02042j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyme is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals and it is frequently used in folk-medicine to treat gastroenteritis irritations. The current study was performed to examine the potential of Thymus vulgaris aqueous extract (TV-AE) to protect against delayed gastric emptying (DGE) and colonic constipation in rats. Stomach ulcer was caused by a single oral dose administration of indomethacin (INDO) (30 mg kg−1 of body weight). Constipation was induced following intravenous intoxication of rats with vinblastine (VINB) (2 mg kg−1 of body weight) for one week. The effect of TV-AE at two graduated doses (100 and 200 mg kg−1) on DGE, gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and constipated rats and biochemical parameters was estimated using phenol red, charcoal meal test and colorimetric methods, respectively. The phytochemical-profile of TV-AE was explored using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS). INDO and VINB caused a significant reduction in (P < 0.05) DGE and GIT and colonic motility dysfunction. TV-AE consumption remarkably (P < 0.05) attenuated the DGE (from 58.56% to 69.871%) and difficulty in evacuating stools (from 48.5 to 55.5 fecal pellets per rat) and balanced the GIT (65% to 71%). These GI-ameliorative effects were accompanied by reversed INDO/VINB-related oxidative changes, lipid-metabolism alteration and intracellular pathway moderation. HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS-analysis identified several chemical constituents including rosmarinic acid, quinic acid, luteolin-7-o-glucoside, protocatechuic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. Thus, TV-AE bioactive components may be used as medicinal substances to regulate/attenuate gastrointestinal–physiological activities and disturbances, which support its pharmacological use. Thyme is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals and it is frequently used in folk-medicine to treat gastroenteritis irritations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Dalanda Wannes
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology
- National School of Engineers of Sfax
- University of Sfax
- 3038 Sfax
- Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bio-resources-Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja
- University of Jendouba
- 9000 Beja
- Tunisia
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Determination of Compositions of Thymus Pubescens; the Comparison of Different Solvents towards Extraction. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Thymol inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 and BMM cells and LPS-induced bone loss in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:418-429. [PMID: 30048646 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymol was identified as one of key compounds contributing to the aroma of thyme leaves. We investigated the effects of thymol on receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMMs) cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in vivo. Thymol markedly reduced RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation and differentiation in RAW264.7 cells and BMMs cells without any cytotoxic effects. The in vitro and in vivo osteoclastogenesis inhibitory effect of thymol was assessed by calculating the quantity of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells and its inhibitory effects on the resorbing capacity were examined on calcium phosphate-coated plates. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of thymol resulted in a reduction of RANK, cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), c-terminal myc kinase (C-MYC), C-terminal Src kinase (C-SRC), GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and carbonic anhydrase II genes. Similarly, activities of ERK, JNK and AKT and protein expressions of NFATc1, C-FOS, MMP-9 and cathepsin K were downregulated by thymol. More importantly, the application of thymol significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory bone loss in mice. In conclusion, these findings identified that thymol could be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention of bone destructive diseases.
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Farzaneh Z, Kalantar K, Iraji A, Amirghofran Z. Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by Satureja hortensis extracts in J774.1 macrophages. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:274-291. [PMID: 29913095 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1480495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the main cells involved in generation of inflammation. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Satureja hortensis (summer savory), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated J774.1 macrophages were treated with various extracts, and the expression and release of various inflammatory molecules by macrophages were examined. We showed that dichloromethane and hexane extracts reduced nitric oxide (NO) production more efficiently than other extracts. Both extracts decreased gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) (<0.44 fold of control), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (<0.29 fold), interleukin (IL)-1β (<0.41 fold), IL-6 (<0.25 fold) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (<0.2 fold). The extracts reduced IL-6 and IL-1β proteins production from macrophages. Surface intensity of expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 decreased to 845 ± 28.1 (dichloromethane) and 715 ± 48.6 (hexane) compared to the control (902 ± 73.1). These findings showed that Satureja hortensis, by influencing macrophages and related mediators, could contribute to reduction of inflammation and might be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzaneh
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- b Central Research Laboratory , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,c Autoimmune Disease Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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18
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Khazdair MR, Ghorani V, Alavinezhad A, Boskabady MH. Pharmacological effects of Zataria multiflora
Boiss L. and its constituents focus on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:26-50. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pharmaceutical Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pharmaceutical Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Azam Alavinezhad
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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19
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Darzi SE, Khazraei SP, Amirghofran Z. The immunoinhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities of Foeniculum vulgare on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:103-110. [PMID: 29606964 PMCID: PMC5842481 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare, Apiaceae) is an important plant currently used in folk medicine to treat various diseases including infections and inflammatory conditions. In this study we have investigated the immunomodulatory and apoptosis-inducing activities of the fractions from this plant. We prepared dichloromethane, hexane, butanol, and water fractions from the aerial parts of the plant. We examined the growth inhibitory effects of the fractions on proliferative lymphocytes by the BrdU incorporation assay. Cell viability was determined by the propidium iodide (PI) assay. AnnexinV/PI staining and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry was performed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effects of the plant fractions. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All fractions reduced cell proliferation of the activated lymphocytes. The dichloromethane fraction with the highest inhibitory effect (IC50, 19.8 μg/mL) significantly reduced cell viability. Although the butanol fraction inhibited cell growth (IC50, 88.2 μg/mL) it did not affect cell viability. Annexin V/PI and cell cycle analysis showed the maximum apoptosis-inducing effect of the dichloromethane fraction at 200 μg/mL. Cytokines, that included interleukin (IL)-4 (22.8 ± 0.9 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and interferon (IFN)-γ (651 ± 37.5 pg/mL, P < 0.01) reduced the activated lymphocyte levels in cultures in the presence of 100 μg/mL concentration of butanol fraction compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, the dichloromethane fraction of F. vulgare had the capability of inducing apoptosis in the activated lymphocytes, whereas the butanol fraction reduced cell activation and cytokine secretion. These data suggested the potential of these examined fractions for more studies in terms of their beneficial effects on immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center and Autoimmune Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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Doosti MH, Ahmadi K, Fasihi-Ramandi M. The effect of ethanolic extract of Thymus kotschyanus on cancer cell growth in vitro and depression-like behavior in the mouse. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:89-94. [PMID: 29321994 PMCID: PMC5755991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and depression are known as two of the most debilitating disease and disorder increasing evidence suggest an urgent need for new therapeutic agents with lower toxicity and high efficacy. Some Thyme species extracts have remarkably been shown to positively affect depression and cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Thymus kotschyanus on depression and cancer cells. To this end, in experiment 1, NMRI mice were treated orally with the ethanolic extract of T. kotschyanus (50, 150 and 250 mg/ml) for seven days and then depression-like behavior was measured by Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). In experiment 2, the pharmacological effect of the extract on the lung (A549) and cervical (Hela) cancer cell lines was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) in various concentration_(10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.63, 0.31, 0.15 and 0.08 mg/ml). The results indicated that T. kotschyanus extract treatment (150 and 250 mg/kg) decreased depression-like behavior in the FST and TST tests in adult mice. Moreover, the treatment inhibited cancer cell growth and viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. Collectively these findings suggest that T. kotschyanus have antidepressant and anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Doosti
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li Y, Wen JM, Du CJ, Hu SM, Chen JX, Zhang SG, Zhang N, Gao F, Li SJ, Mao XW, Miyamoto H, Ding KF. Thymol inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:530-536. [PMID: 28389245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thymol is a phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of thymol on bladder cancer cell growth is still elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of thymol in bladder cancer cells and its underlying mechanism. Thymol inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner. We also observed cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase after the treatment of thymol. Moreover, thymol could induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells via the intrinsic pathway along with caspase-3/9 activation, release of cytochrome c and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The activation of JNK and p38 was also critical for thymol-induced apoptosis since it was abrogated by the treatment of JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and p38 inhibitor (SB203580) but not ERK inhibitor (SCH772984). Furthermore, the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) was detected after the treatment of thymol. ROS scavenger NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) could block the thymol-triggered apoptosis and activation of MAPKs. These findings offer a novel therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jia-Ming Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Du
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su-Min Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Xi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia-Wa Mao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ke-Feng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, Karimi MH, Kalantar F, Gholijani N, Malek-Hosseini Z. In vitro inhibitory effects of thymol and carvacrol on dendritic cell activation and function. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1125-1132. [PMID: 26067828 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1055579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyme has been used in traditional medicine for medicinal purposes since ancient times. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thymol and carvacrol as two major constituents of thyme on dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and T cell activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Splenic DCs were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of the components and then analyzed for MHC II, CD86, and CD40 expression by flow cytometry. The effects of compounds on mitogenic, as well as allogenic T cell responses in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR) and the release of cytokines were investigated. RESULTS At 0.1 µg/ml, reduced mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD86 for thymol (80.3 ± 0.2% of untreated control) and CD40 for carvacrol (79.5 ± 0.14%) was observed (p < 0.001). Decreased mitogenic T cell proliferation by thymol [proliferation index (PI) from 0.93 ± 0.11 at 1 µg/ml to 0.42 ± 0.16 at 100 µg/ml (p < 0.01)] and carvacrol [PI from 1.08 ± 0.3 at 1 µg/ml to 0.28 ± 0.1 at 100 µg/ml (p < 0.001)] was seen. Ten micrograms/ml thymol (PI, 0.85 ± 0.04) and carvacrol (PI, 0.89 ± 0.03) inhibited allogenic T cell response (p < 0.05). Decreased IFN-γ level in MLR supernatant from 1441 ± 27.7 pg/ml in untreated cells to 944 ± 32.1 at 10 µg/ml of thymol and of carvacrol (886 ± 31.7 pg/ml) (p < 0.01) was found. IL-4 levels were decreased in the presence of both compounds (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data showed the suppressive effects of thymol and carvacrol on DCs maturation and function, as well as T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amirghofran
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- b Autoimmune Diseases Research Center and Medicinal Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
- c Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | | | - Fathollah Kalantar
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zahra Malek-Hosseini
- a Department of Immunology , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Comparison of Zataria multiflora Extract Syrup and Diphenhydramine in the Treatment of Common Cold-Induced Cough in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Clinical Trial. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.35495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ebrahimnezhad S, Amirghofran Z, Karimi MH. Decline in Immunological Responses Mediated by Dendritic Cells in Mice Treated with 18α-Glycyrrhetinic Acid. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:191-204. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1113425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Aldahlawi AM. Modulation of dendritic cell immune functions by plant components. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4:55-62. [PMID: 30023210 PMCID: PMC6014213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key linkage between innate and adoptive immune response. DCs are classified as specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell immune responses during infection and hypersensitivity, and maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens. Initiating T-cell immune responses may be beneficial in infectious diseases or cancer management, while, immunosuppressant or tolerogenic responses could be useful in controlling autoimmunity, allergy or inflammatory diseases. Several types of plant-derived components show promising properties in influencing DC functions. Various types of these components have been proven useful in clinical application and immune-based therapy. Therefore, focusing on the benefits of plant-based medicine regulating DC functions may be useful, low-cost, and accessible strategies for human health. This review illustrates recent studies, investigating the role of plant components in manipulating DC phenotype and function towards immunostimulating or immunosuppressing effects either in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gholijani N, Gharagozloo M, Kalantar F, Ramezani A, Amirghofran Z. Modulation of Cytokine Production and Transcription Factors Activities in Human Jurkat T Cells by Thymol and Carvacrol. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:653-60. [PMID: 26793612 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymol and carvacrol, two main components of thyme, have shown anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of these components on Jurkat leukemia cells as an in vitro T cell model and their molecular mechanisms of activity. METHODS Cells were cultured in the presence of components and subsequently stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/calcium ionophore for evaluating interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production. The activation of T cell transcription factors that included nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs), activator protein-1 (AP-1; c-Jun/c-Fos), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Thymol and carvacrol at 25 µg/ml significantly reduced IL-2 levels from 119.4 ± 8pg/ml in control cells treated only with PMA/Calcium ionophore and the solvent to 66.9 ± 6.4pg/ml (thymol) and 32.3 ± 3.6pg/ml (carvacrol) and IFN-γ from 423.7 ± 19.7pg/ml in control cells to 311.9 ± 11.6pg/ml (thymol) and 293.5 ± 16.7pg/ml (carvacrol). Western blot analyses of nuclear extracts showed that the same concentrations of components significantly reduced NFAT-2 to 44.2 ± 2.7% (thymol) and 91.4 ± 2.3% (carvacrol) of the control (p<0.05), and c-Fos to 31.2 ± 6.2% (thymol) and 27.6 ± 3.1% (carvacrol) of the control (p<0.01). No effects on NFAT-1, c-Jun and phospho-NF-κBp65 levels were observed. CONCLUSION Thymol and carvacrol could contribute to modulation of T cell activity by reducing IL-2 and IFN-γ production possibly through down regulation of AP-1 and NFAT-2 transcription factors suggesting their potential usefulness for reduction of T cell overactivity in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Gharagozloo
- Department of Immunology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ; Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke,Quebec,Canada
| | - Fathollah Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Hajiaghaee R, Mosalla S, Latifi R. Effects of Artemisia Absinthium L. Extract on the Maturation and Function of Dendritic Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-20163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jafari AA, Falah Tafti A, Hoseiny SM, Kazemi A. Antifungal Effect of Zataria multiflora Essence on Experimentally Contaminated Acryl Resin Plates With Candida albicans. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e16552. [PMID: 25763273 PMCID: PMC4341503 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Adherence and colonization of Candida species particularly C. albicans on denture surfaces, forms a microbial biofilm, which may result denture stomatitis in complete denture users. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal effect Zataria multiflora essence in removing of Candida albicans biofilms on experimentally contaminated resin acryl plates. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 160 resin acrylic plates (10 × 10 × 1 mm) were contaminated by immersion in 1 × 103 C. albicans suspension for 24 hours to prepare experimental Candida biofilms. The total number of Candida cells, which adhered to 20 randomly selected acryl resin plates was determined as the Candia load before cleaning. The remaining 140 plates were divided to seven groups of 20 and immersed in five concentrations of Zataria multiflora essence from 50 to 3.125 mg/mL as test, 100000 IU nystatin as the positive and sterile physiologic serum as the negative control. The remaining Candida cells on each acryl plate were also enumerated and data were analyzed using the SPSS 16 software with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Zataria essence at concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL removed 100% of attached Candida cells similar to nystatine (MFC), while weaker Zataria essence solutions cleaned 88%, 60.5% and 44.7% of attached Candida cells. Kruskal-wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between all test groups (P = 0.0001). In this study 12.5 mg/mL concentration of Zataria multiflora was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90). Conclusions: Zataria essence, at concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL, effectively removed Candida cells that had adhered to the denture surface, similar to the level of removal observed for 100000 IU nystatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Jafari
- Department of Basic Science, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Falah Tafti
- Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abbas Falah Tafti, Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133519212, Fax: +98-3518367636, E-mail:
| | - Seyed Mehdi Hoseiny
- Department of Prostodontics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IR Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Kazemi
- Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
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A critical overview on Thymus daenensis Celak.: phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ebadi P, Karimi MH, Amirghofran Z. Plant components for immune modulation targeting dendritic cells: implication for therapy. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:1037-53. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant utilization is as old as human life. There are thousands of herbs consumed for medicinal purposes all over the world, especially in east. Their value has not decreased over time and many modern pharmaceuticals have originated from traditional medicinal plants. Studying the reason for their influence is an attractive field of medicine. Among various types of herbs, some function via their immunomodulatory effects. Experiments have shown the regulatory influences of several plants on each type of immune cell, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and NK cells. Because of the prominent role of DCs in antigen presentation as the major APC, this review summarizes the immunomodulatory effects of some plants performed through DC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padideh Ebadi
- Islamic Azad University, Kazerun Branch, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Immunology Departments, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Azadmehr A, Latifi R, Mosalla S, Hajiaghaee R, Shahnazi M. Immunomodulatory effects of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract on the dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:63. [PMID: 25227582 PMCID: PMC4172836 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-014-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Ziziphora tenuior L. (Kakuti in Persian) is used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders as carminative and analgesic plant. The other usages of this plant are included treatment of diarrhea and nausea. Therefore in the present study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of the ethanolic extract of this plant on the dendritic cells (DCs). Results Ziziphora tenuior L. extract significantly (p = 0.002) increased the level of surface expression of CD40 as an important co-stimulatory marker on DCs compared to the control. However this extract did not change CD86 and MHC-II molecules, so it could promote DCs phenotypic maturation. Treatment of DCs with the extract resulted in slightly increased of the production of (IL-12); however, this change was not significant. In addition, the ability of treated DCs to stimulate allogenic T cells proliferation and cytokines secretion was examined in the co-cuture of these cells with T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Z. tenuior L. at the 100 μg/ml concentration inhibited the proliferation of allogenic T cells and also significantly (P < 0.001) increased the level of IL-10. Moreover, the extract at 10–100 μg/ml concentration caused slightly increase in IFN-γ production and decreased IL-4 cytokines but these changes were not significant. Conclusions These findings indicated that Z. tenuior L. extract can modulate immune response by induction of CD40 expression on DCs and cytokine production; whereas it can inhibit T cell stimulating activity of DCs in high concentration. These findings possibly in part explain the traditional use of this plant in treatment of immune-mediated disorders. However future studies are needed.
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Rasouli M, Karimi MH, Kalani M, Ebrahimnezhad S, Namayandeh M, Moravej A. Immunostimulatory effects of Leishmania infantum HSP70 recombinant protein on dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunotherapy 2014; 6:577-85. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of dendritic cells (DCs) has an important role in immunity against Leishmania. Aim: We investigated the effect of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) heat shock protein 70 recombinant protein (rHSP70) as a vaccine on DC maturation and function. Materials & methods: BALB/c mouse splenic DCs were isolated and treated with different concentrations of rHSP70. Maturation markers, cytokine production and capability of DCs to proliferate allogeneic T cells were evaluated. Furthermore, this recombinant protein was injected into BALB/c mice, and expression of CD86, CD40 and MHC class II molecules by their splenic DCs were evaluated. Results: rHSP70 significantly increases the production of IL-12p70 by DCs. It had no effect on allogeneic T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction. It increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-4 cytokine level in mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatant. The in vitro study showed that rHSP70 had no significant effect neither on the percentage of CD40+, CD86+ and MHC class II+ DCs nor on the mean fluorescent intensity. However, in vivo results showed that rHSP70 increases the percentage of CD86-, CD40- and MHC class II-expressing cells as well as mean fluorescent intensity of CD40 and MHC class II. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the capability of L. infantum-derived rHSP70 in maturating BALB/c mice splenic DCs and in vivo polarization of immunity to a Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Rasouli
- Department of Immunology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Karimi
- Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Salimeh Ebrahimnezhad
- Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manadana Namayandeh
- Transplant Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Karimi MH, Ebrahimnezhad S, Namayandeh M, Amirghofran Z. The effects of cichorium intybus extract on the maturation and activity of dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:28. [PMID: 24564889 PMCID: PMC3936942 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cichorium intybus is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine for its benefits in immune-madiated disorders. There are several evidences showing that C. intybus can modulate immune responses. In the present study we have investigated the effects of the ethanolic root extract of this plant on the immune system by targeting dendritic cells (DCs). For this purpose, phenotypic and functional maturity of murine DCs after treatment with the extract was analyzed by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. RESULTS C. intybus did not change the expression of CD40, CD86 and MHC-II molecules as important co-stimulatory markers on DCs compared to the control, indicating that it could not promote DCs phenotypic maturation. Treatment of DCs with lower concentrations of the extract resulted in an increased production of IL-12 by these cells with no change in IL-10 release. The capacity of treated DCs to stimulate allogenic T cells proliferation and cytokines secretion was examined in the co-cuture of these cells with T cells in MLR. C. intybus at higher concentrations inhibited proliferation of allogenic T cells and in lower concentrations changed the level of cytokines such that IL-4 decreased and IFN-γ increased. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that C. intybus extract at higher concentrations can inhibit T cell stimulating activity of DCs, whereas at lower concentrations can modulate cytokine secretion toward a Th1 pattern. These data may in part explain the traditional use of this plant in treatment of immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Bordbar N, Karimi MH, Amirghofran Z. Phenotypic and functional maturation of murine dendritic cells induced by 18 alpha- and beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 36:52-60. [PMID: 24294902 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.864670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have described glycyrrhizin (GL), an active triterpenoic saponin extract of licorice roots, as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-tumor and immunomodulating agent. The activity of GL has been mainly attributed to its metabolites, 18-alpha (GA) and 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GB), which their mechanism of action on the immune system cells is not clearly known. In this study, we have investigated the effects of GA and GB on the immune system by targeting dendritic cells and analyzing phenotypic and functional maturity of murine dendritic cells (DCs) after treatment with these components. Stimulation of DCs with GA and GB resulted in up-regulation of CD40, CD86 and MHC-II molecules indicating their effects on the maturation of DCs. These components induced the allogenic immunostimulatory capacity of DCs by stimulating the proliferation of T cells and production of the T helper (h)1-promoting cytokine, IL-12. They also increased the production of IFN-γ by T cells in mixed-lymphocyte reaction. In conclusion, these results indicate that GA and GB may insert their immunomodulatory effects by enhancing DC maturation and modulating Th1/Th2 response through an increase in Th1 responses, implying their beneficial in host defense against infectious diseases.
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Varedi M, Shiri H, Moattari A, Omrani GHR, Amirghofran Z. Hyperthyroid state or in vitro thyroxine treatment modulates TH1/TH2 responses during exposure to HSV-1 antigens. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:160-5. [PMID: 24090439 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.816983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly in recent years, thyroid hormones (THs) have been considered to be important regulators of the immune system. However, their roles in host defense against viral infections are not clearly established. Therefore, this study was undertaken to examine proliferative activity and cytokine production by lymphocytes isolated from hyperthyroid and euthyroid Balb/c mice in response to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). Lymphocytes of hyperthyroid animals showed a significantly higher rate of proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production when compared with that by lymphocytes from euthyroid mice. In vitro thyroxine (T4) treatment was similarly effective in the potentiation of proliferation, but not IFNγ production, by euthyroid lymphocytes. Furthermore, the hyperthyroid state significantly attenuated ConA-, but not HSV-1-, induced interleukin (IL)-10 release; in vitro T4 treatment synergized this effect. These findings suggest that supra-physiologic TH levels (i.e. as occur in hyper-thyroid states) or in vitro TH treatment modulate T-helper (TH)1/TH2 lymphocyte responses and thereby amplifies host defenses against viral infections. One may also conclude that THs may have a potential application in viral immunization and/or treatment of viral infections.
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Bordbar N, Karimi MH, Amirghofran Z. The effect of glycyrrhizin on maturation and T cell stimulating activity of dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 280:44-9. [PMID: 23261828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL), a main component of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra has shown various immunomodulatory activities that can interfere with immune responses by targeting the dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, the effects of GL on the maturation and function of mouse splenic DCs was investigated. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that GL was able to up-regulate the expression of CD40, CD86 and MHC-ІІ maturation markers on DCs. This component increased the production of IL-12 by these cells. The capacity of treated DCs to stimulate allogenic T cells and secretion of cytokines was examined in mixed lymphocyte reaction. DCs treated with GL enhanced proliferation of allogenic T cells along with the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines and reduced IL-4 production. These data indicated that GL has the capacity to up-regulate allostimulatory activity of professional antigen presenting DCs and conduct immune responses toward a T helper 1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Bordbar
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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