1
|
Şen Doğan R, Deveci Şirin H. Death anxiety and satisfaction with life among the adults in the social isolation process of Covid-19 pandemic: the mediating role of perceived stress. J Ment Health 2023; 32:1086-1095. [PMID: 35770825 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the mediating role of perceived stress during the social isolation process of the Covid-19 pandemic on the association between death anxiety and satisfaction with life. The participants of the study included 410 individuals (212 females and 198 males) from Turkey. Data were collected using the Death Anxiety Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. AIMS The aim of this study was to reveal the relationships between death anxiety, perceived stress and satisfaction with life and to test the mediating role of perceived stress on the effect of death anxiety and satisfaction with life in the Covid-19 pandemic process. METHODS AND RESULTS The structural equation modelling results indicated that stress mediated the impact of death anxiety on satisfaction with life. Moreover, the bootstrapping procedure revealed significant links from death anxiety to satisfaction with life through perceived stress in the social isolation process of Covid-19. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study contributed to the structuring of psychological health services to be offered within the scope of public health during the Covid-19 pandemic and the understanding of the complex nature of the relationship between psychological factors and satisfaction with life. Possible explanations and limitations were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Şen Doğan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hatice Deveci Şirin
- Vocational School of Health Science, Child Care and Youth Services, Selcuk University, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saez-Clarke E, Otto AK, Prinsloo S, Natori A, Wagner RW, Gomez TI, Ochoa JM, Tworoger SS, Ulrich CM, Hathaway CA, Peoples AR, Antoni MH, Bower JE, Cohen L, Penedo FJ. Development and initial psychometric evaluation of a COVID-related psychosocial experiences questionnaire for cancer survivors. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3475-3494. [PMID: 37358738 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survivors are at elevated risk of psychological problems related to COVID-19, yet no published measure adequately assesses their psychosocial experiences during the pandemic. PURPOSE Describe the development and factor structure of a comprehensive, self-report measure (COVID-19 Practical and Psychosocial Experiences questionnaire [COVID-PPE]) assessing the pandemic's impact on US cancer survivors. METHODS The sample (n = 10,584) was divided into three groups to assess COVID-PPE factor structure by conducting: (1) initial calibration/exploratory analysis of the factor structure of 37 items (n = 5070), (2) confirmatory factor analysis of the best-fitting model (36 items after item removal; n = 5140), and (3) post-hoc confirmatory analysis with an additional six items not collected in the first two groups (42 items; n = 374). RESULTS The final COVID-PPE was divided into two sets of subscales, conceptualized as Risk Factors and Protective Factors. The five Risk Factors subscales were labeled Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, Health Care Disruptions, Disruptions to Daily Activities and Social Interactions, and Financial Hardship. The four Protective Factors subscales were labeled Perceived Benefits, Provider Satisfaction, Perceived Stress Management Skills, and Social Support. Internal consistency was acceptable for seven subscales (αs = 0.726-0.895; ωs = 0.802-0.895) but poor or questionable for the remaining two subscales (αs = 0.599-0.681; ωs = 0.586-0.692). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first published self-report measure comprehensively capturing psychosocial impact-both positive and negative-of the pandemic on cancer survivors. Future work should evaluate predictive utility of COVID-PPE subscales, particularly as the pandemic evolves, which may inform recommendations for cancer survivors and facilitate identification of survivors most in need of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Saez-Clarke
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Amy K Otto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Prinsloo
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Akina Natori
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard W Wagner
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Telma I Gomez
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jewel M Ochoa
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cassandra A Hathaway
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael H Antoni
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lasota A. Crisis Experience and Purpose in Life in Men and Women: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Fear of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6490. [PMID: 37569030 PMCID: PMC10418392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between crisis experience during the pandemic and purpose in life in men and women. METHODS Six hundred and five participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.6; SD = 8.39) completed the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale-Short Form (GRAT-S), Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Purpose in Life Test (PIL). In addition, the respondents were questioned about life crises during the previous six months (e.g., the death of a loved one or illness). RESULTS Men and women differed in their endorsement of gratitude or fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. Women's experiences of the crisis related both directly and indirectly to purpose in life, with gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediating this relationship. In men, only the indirect path, from crisis experience, through gratitude, to purpose in life, turned out to be significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that coping styles differ in men and women and, as a consequence, that crisis interventions need to take gender into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lasota
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cénat JM, Farahi SMMM, Dalexis RD. Prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Black individuals in Canada in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115341. [PMID: 37482045 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected Black communities in Canada in terms of infection, hospitalizations, and mortality rates. It exacerbated social, economic, and health disparities that can impact their mental health. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in Black individuals in Canada. A community-representative weighted sample of 2002 Black individuals (51.66% women) aged 14 to 94 years old (Mean age 29.34; SD = 10.13). Overall, 40.94%, 44.50%, and 31.36% of participants were classified as having clinically meaningful anxiety, depression, and stress levels, respectively, based on DASS scores. Men (45.92%) reported a higher prevalence of anxiety than women (36.27%), χ2 (1) = 19.24, p<.001, but similar symptoms of depression and stress. The progression of the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms were consistent with the progression of the prevalence of everyday racial discrimination. After controlling for socio-demographic variables, regression models showed that everyday discrimination (B = 0.14, p=.001, B = 0.14, p= .006, B = 0.18, p< .001), major experiences of racial discrimination (B = 0.30, p=.046, B = 0.34, p= .033, B = 0.35, p=.024), and COVID-19 traumatic stressors (B = 0.43, p<.001, B = 0.43, p< .001, B = 0.44, p< .001) were positively associated with anxiety, while community resilience (B= -0.02, p= .039, B= -0.04, p= .001, B= -0.03, p= .014) was negatively associated with anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively. This study demonstrates the need to address racial discrimination in implementing prevention and intervention programs among Black individuals and to consider intersectional factors related to age, birthplace, language spoken, and province of residence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Politi E, Van Assche J, Lüders A, Sankaran S, Anderson J, Green EG. Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359649 PMCID: PMC10262135 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether "bonding" types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one's social network, and "bridging" types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (Ntotal = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04829-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Politi
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 B, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Van Assche
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adrian Lüders
- Department of Communication Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sindhuja Sankaran
- Center for Social Cognitive Studies, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- Psychology institute, Sai University, Channai, India
| | - Joel Anderson
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva G.T. Green
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Delz AK, Gaynor K, O'Connor R, Schmieder L, Somers E. A confirmatory factor analysis of a cognitive model of COVID-19 related anxiety and depression. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 234:103861. [PMID: 36774772 PMCID: PMC9910022 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been significant, with many regions across the globe reporting significant increases in anxiety, depression, trauma, and insomnia. This study aims to validate a potential cognitive model of maintenance factors of COVID-19 related distress by examining psychological predictors of distress, and their goodness-of-fit as a coherent model. Participants from the general population (n = 555) were recruited using a cross-sectional on-line survey design, assessing Demographic factors, Anxiety, Depression, Loneliness, COVID-19 related distress, Trauma Cognitions related to COVID-19, Rumination, Safety Behaviours, Personality Factors, and Mental Effort related to COVID-19. A series of stepwise linear regressions found that components of the model were significant and accounted for a large percentage of variance when examining Covid-19 related distress (R2 = 0.447 Covid Stress Scale), Anxiety (R2 = 0.536 DASS-Anxiety Subscale) and Depression (R2 = 0.596 Depression DASS-subscale). In a confirmatory factor analysis, Loneliness, Post-Traumatic Cognitions about Self, Post-Traumatic Cognitions about the World, Emotional Stability, and Mental Effort related to COVID-19 loaded onto a single factor. The final model showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.053 (0.027-0.080), GFI = 0.986, SRMR = 0.0216, χ2 = 23.087, p = .006). The results highlight the importance of cognitive factors, such as post-traumatic cognitions, rumination, and mental effort in maintaining COVID-19 related distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Gaynor
- DETECT, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rachael O'Connor
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luisa Schmieder
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen Somers
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pereira MG, Gonçalves AF, Brito L. The Moderating Role of Self-Care Behaviors in Personal Care Aides of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5177. [PMID: 36982086 PMCID: PMC10049579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges and work changes for formal caregivers such as personal care aides with an impact on their quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the relationships and contribution of sociodemographic and psychological variables towards QoL including the moderating role of self-care. This study included 127 formal caregivers from Portugal who were assessed on depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21); professional self-care (SCAP); quality of life (SF-12); COVID-19 traumatic stress (COVID-19TSC) and preventive COVID-19 infection behaviors (PCOVID-19 IBS). Professional self-care was positively associated with QoL and also moderated the relationship between distress and QoL (p < 0.001). According to results, nursing homes should provide formal caregivers, such as personal care aides, with the professional support they need in order to promote their QoL and prevent burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Graça Pereira
- Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Laura Brito
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leshem B, Kashy-Rosenbaum G, Schiff M, Benbenishty R, Pat-Horenczyk R. Continuous Exposure to Terrorism during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Moderated Mediation Model in the Israeli Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2799. [PMID: 36833494 PMCID: PMC9956153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the role of perceived social support as a moderating factor in the mediation of COVID-19-related concerns in the association between continuous traumatic stress (CTS) and depression. The study participants were 499 college students who responded to an anonymous online questionnaire. Measures included the assessment of prior continuous exposure to threats of terrorism, COVID-19-related distress, perceived social support and depressive symptoms. The results demonstrated that COVID-19-related concerns mediated the relationship between continuous exposure to threats of terrorism and depression symptoms, and that perceived social support moderated the association between COVID-19-related concerns and depression. The implications of the study highlight the role of prior exposure to traumatic stress as a risk factor for depression and the role of social support as a protective factor. These results point to the need to develop accessible and non-stigmatic mental health services for populations exposed to other types of continuous traumatic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Leshem
- Department of Education, Achva Academic College, Beer Tuvia, Arugot 7980400, Israel
| | | | - Miriam Schiff
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Rami Benbenishty
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
- Department of Education, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Ruth Pat-Horenczyk
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB, Bouchard JP, Stiegler N. Facing Your Fear of COVID-19: Resilience as a Protective Factor Against Burnout in South African Teachers. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2023; 181:119-127. [PMID: 35573929 PMCID: PMC9091263 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Frontline workers have been distinctively impacted by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, as frontline employees in the educational system, had to contend with unprecedented changes to their work role, as well as new job demands coupled with insufficient resources and the effects of the pandemic on their personal lives. While some teachers struggled to cope and reported intense levels of fear of COVID-19 and burnout, others were able to adapt and experienced a sense of growth and accomplishment. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the role of resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among South African schoolteachers using a survey design. Materials and methods Schoolteachers in South Africa (n = 355) were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. Results The results showed a positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed a health-sustaining role for resilience as it had a significant direct effect on burnout. Resilience also partially mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on depersonalization as well as emotional exhaustion, and fully mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on personal accomplishment. Conclusions Our findings underscore that promoting individual- and institutional-level strategies to support teachers is necessary to build resilience, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Padmanabhanunni
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe Road, Belville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
| | - Tyrone B. Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe Road, Belville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouchard
- Institut psycho-judiciaire et de psychopathologie (IPJP), Institute of Forensic Psychology and Psychopathology, centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France,Unité pour malades difficiles (UMD), pôle de psychiatrie médico-légale (PPML), centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 10, avenue Joseph-Caussil, 33410 Cadillac, France,Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe road, Bellville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
| | - Nancy Stiegler
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Robert-Sobukwe road, Bellville, 7535 Cape-Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang YM, Wu TL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Formalism, Fear of Infection, COVID-19 Stress on Firefighters' Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1097. [PMID: 36673852 PMCID: PMC9859103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the front line of epidemic prevention, firefighters are responsible for the transportation of infected cases. Firefighters are under a lot of stress from the new COVID-19, especially the fear that they may contract the virus at work and spread the virus to their families. In particular, the framework of this study incorporates Riggs' formalism variables. When firefighters think that the epidemic prevention regulations are inconsistent with the actual epidemic prevention, it will increase their work pressure on COVID-19. In this study, firefighters from all over Taiwan were used as the respondents, and a total of 453 respondents were obtained. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the established hypotheses. The findings confirm that formalism, fear of self and family infection are positively influencing COVID-19 stress. COVID-19 stress positively affects PTSD and insomnia. COVID-19 stress negatively affects problem-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies negatively affect post-traumatic stress disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tang
- Asia Pacific Society of Fire Engineering, Kaohsiung City 825, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Wu
- Department of Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kira IA, Shuwiekh HA, Ashby JS, Elwakeel SA, Alhuwailah A, Sous MSF, Baali SBA, Azdaou C, Oliemat EM, Jamil HJ. The Impact of COVID-19 Traumatic Stressors on Mental Health: Is COVID-19 a New Trauma Type. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023; 21:51-70. [PMID: 34248442 PMCID: PMC8259553 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a new type of trauma that has never been conceptually or empirically analyzed in our discipline. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 as traumatic stress on mental health after controlling for individuals' previous stressors and traumas. We utilized a sample of (N = 1374) adults from seven Arab countries. We used an anonymous online questionnaire that included measures for COVID-19 traumatic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and cumulative stressors and traumas. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression, with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety as dependent variables. In the first step, in each analysis, we entered the country, gender, age, religion, education, and income as independent variables (Kira, Traumatology 7(2):73-86, 2001; Kira, Torture, 14:38-44, 2004; Kira, Traumatology, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000305). In the second step, we entered cumulative stressors and traumas as an independent variable. In the third step, we entered either COVID-19 traumatic stressors or one of its subtypes (fears of infection, economic, and lockdown) as an independent variable. Finally, we conducted structural equation modeling with PTSD, depression, and anxiety as predictors of the latent variable mental health and COVID-19 as the independent variable. Results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors, and each of its three subtypes, were unique predictors of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Thus, COVID-19 is a new type of traumatic stress that has serious mental health effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00577-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, & Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, 4906 Woodhurst Way, Stone Mountain Atlanta, GA 30088 USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Enas. M. Oliemat
- grid.33801.390000 0004 0528 1681Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hikmet J. Jamil
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rice KG, Aiello M, Durán B, Ashby JS, Kira I. Sociodemographic factors as moderators of COVID-19 stress on depression. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:110-123. [PMID: 35549609 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2076084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many aspects of daily life, but relatively little is known about COVID-19-related stress for subgroups in the population. We examined differences in COVID-stress and depression as a function of gender, race, ethnicity, and subjective social status. We tested these factors as moderators of the association between COVID-stress and depression. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional design to test associations between sociodemographic factors, COVID-stress, and depression. Analyses were based on confirmatory factor analytic and structural equations models. METHODS A convenience sample of 1,058 U.S. MTurk workers and college students (54.5% cisgender women; 55.1% racial/ethnic minoritized individuals) was recruited. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-stress and depression. RESULTS COVID-stress was positively associated with depression. Overall, neither gender nor racial minoritized status moderated COVID-stress effects on depression. However, intersectional analyses revealed COVID-stress was a significant risk factor for depression among Black women compared to other participants. COVID-stress was more strongly linked to depression for Hispanic individuals and participants with higher social status. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may benefit from the COVID-stress scale evaluated in this study and by considering the differential effects of sociodemographic factors on psychological functioning during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle Aiello
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara Durán
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ibrahim Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torres-Cruz D, Aznar-Martínez B, Pérez-Testor C. Attachment and Sexuality: Impact of Confinement by COVID-19. SEXUALITY & CULTURE 2022; 27:805-822. [PMID: 36415482 PMCID: PMC9670064 DOI: 10.1007/s12119-022-10039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined attachment style and its relationship with sexual self-esteem during COVID-19 confinement. COVID-19 has caused changes in the way couples interact intimately and sexually around the world; some have found improvements and others an increase in difficulties. This article uses a retrospective pre post approach to evaluate 120 men and 89 women who were part of a couple at the time of confinement in Spain and completed an online survey. The sample was obtained during the de-escalation months, from May 9th until July 1st, 2020. Through an online survey we collected the data using the Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-S) to measure attachment and the Brief Sexuality Scale (SS) to measure aspects related to the participants sexuality (sexual self-esteem, sexual depression, and sexual preoccupation), as well as a scale designed post hoc on other aspects related to sexuality. Overall, the t-test results suggest that confinement had a negative effect on sexuality because sexual depression (SD) had a small increased in our sample. Multiple regression analysis showed that FSI, and ANXS attachment style were able to predict sexual depression during confinement. The results also showed a decrease in the strength of the relationship between sexual self-esteem (SSE) and attachment styles during confinement. However, sexual preoccupation (SP) and sexual self-esteem (SSE) remained relatively stable. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that there is an association between an increase in participants' sexual depression and being confined due to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmarie Torres-Cruz
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Aznar-Martínez
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Pérez-Testor
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, C/Císter 34, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
ERAY U, AYRIBAŞ B, ÇAĞLAR ÖF, HACIOĞLU T, ALİBEYOĞLU F. Post-COVID syndrome? COVID-19 survivors suffer from cognitive difficulties, somatic complaints and anxiety. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although primarily known as a respiratory system pathology, COVID-19 may cause various systems and cause serious complications including neuropsychiatric problems. These complications may be formulized as post-COVID syndrome. The current study aims to investigate prolonged cognitive, somatic and psychiatric effects of COVID-19.
Material and Method: A total number of 120 COVID-19 survivors were compared with 120 health controls in means of three measures, which are Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess cognitive difficulties, body perceptions and anxiety/depression.
Results: Our findings show that COVID-19 survivors have reported significantly more cognitive difficulties, increased body sensations and higher levels of anxiety. The groups did not differ in means of depression scores. Further, the measures were significantly correlated with each other.
Conclusion: This study reveal that COVID-19 survivors suffer from significant cognitive deficits in everyday activities, are significantly more sensitive to various body sensations and have increased anxiety levels. In discordance with the current literature, our findings showed that COVID-19 patients are not more depressed than healthy subjects. In summary, the current study showed that various neuropsychiatric complications may be an important part of prolonged effects of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uğur ERAY
- KARS HARAKANİ STATE HOSPİTAL, DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHİATRY
| | | | | | | | - Fatih ALİBEYOĞLU
- KAFKAS UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE, DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González Gutiérrez JL, Écija Gallardo MC, Matías Pompa B, Alonso Fernández M, Pacho Hernández JC, López López A. Stressors and uplifts of confinement due to covid‐19: A longitudinal study on mental health in a sample of academic and administrative university staff in Spain. Stress Health 2022; 39:429-448. [PMID: 36075578 PMCID: PMC9538372 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of COVID-19 caused many countries to decide to enter full lockdown, a circumstance that impacted all aspects of life, including mental health. The present longitudinal study aimed to analyse how stressors and uplifts of confinement were linked to psychological symptoms at three different time points: during the full lockdown (wave 1), after the gradual lifting of restrictions (wave 2) and after confinement (wave 3). The sample was made up by one hundred and twenty academic and administrative staff from a big University in Spain, they all completed an online survey. Results showed that psychological status did not change over time, but a significant interindividual variability was found throughout. Some stressors were only linked to symptoms at wave 1, but others maintained their associations during waves 2 and 3. Uplifts were, for the most part, inversely (and exclusively) linked to symptoms at wave 1. However, some of them, although enjoyable, were paradoxically linked to worse mental health at wave 1, and even at waves 2 and 3. These findings highlight the importance of providing preventive psychological strategies for mental distress before, during and after confinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borja Matías Pompa
- Departamento de PsicologíaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosAlcorcónMadridSpain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Abbas Q, Manthar S, Hameed A, Asad Z. Fear of COVID-19 and secondary trauma: Moderating role of self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838451. [PMID: 36160588 PMCID: PMC9490413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the globe. People's mental health, especially those of nurses, has been primarily affected by the fear of this virus. More focus has been paid to vaccination and treatment of the virus, but less attestation has been given to addressing the mental health of people affected by the virus. Empirical studies show that different external factors are not easily manageable and controllable by the individual. This study preliminarily explores the connection between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress in nurses. Further, it examines the moderating effects of occupational self-efficacy on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and secondary traumatic stress. Data for the study was collected from the nurses of six large hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. The final analysis was performed on 243 samples. Studies on COVID-19 suggest that increased occupational self-efficacy decreases fear and its impact. This study offers insights for managers to develop stress management programs and provide proper training and counseling sessions to the nurses to motivate them emotionally. Theoretically, this study broadens the understanding of the theory of emotions by using the pandemic as a stressor. Future studies may explore different roles of occupational self-efficacy and study its influential role in managing different kinds of emotions explained by the theory of emotions. Managers at the workplace could design different self-efficacy training for nurses to increase their self-motivation to fight different types of stress they face at the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Li
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahjehan Manthar
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Hameed
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Asad
- Department of Management Science, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashby JS, Rice KG, Kira IA, Davari J. The relationship of COVID-19 traumatic stress, cumulative trauma, and race to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2597-2610. [PMID: 34855214 PMCID: PMC9015429 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) traumatic stress predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after cumulative trauma and whether there is a three-way interaction between COVID-19 traumatic stress, cumulative trauma, and race in the prediction of PTSD. Using a cross-sectional design, a diverse sample of 745 participants completed measures of cumulative trauma, COVID-19 traumatic stress, and PTSD. COVID-19 traumatic stress accounted for a significant amount of the variance in PTSD above and beyond cumulative trauma. A significant interaction effect was found, indicating that the effect of COVID-19 traumatic stress in predicting PTSD varied as a function of cumulative trauma and that the effects of that interaction were different for Asians and Whites. There were generally comparable associations between COVID-19 traumatic stress and PTSD at low and high levels of cumulative trauma across most racial groups. However, for Asians, higher levels of cumulative trauma did not worsen the PTSD outcome as a function of COVID Traumatic Stress but did at low levels of cumulative trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kenneth G. Rice
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jaleh Davari
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guzmán-González M, Barrientos J, Garrido L, Bahamondes J, Gómez F, Espinoza-Tapia R, Casu G. Perceived Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms among Male Same-Sex Chilean Couples: Direct and Indirect Dyadic Associations through Relationship Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2022; 49:259-269. [PMID: 35876139 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2098214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stressors arising from the COVID-19 pandemic can spill over into the quality of couple relationships, with negative consequences on mental health. The mental health impact of COVID-19 might be particularly pronounced in disadvantaged populations such as LGBT people. This study aimed to examine direct and indirect dyadic associations between emotional impact of COVID-19 and depressive symptoms through relationship satisfaction in male same-sex couples. Using a cross-sectional design, 158 male same-sex Chilean couples completed self-report measures of the emotional impact of COVID-19, relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms. We used the actor-partner interdependence mediation model for indistinguishable dyads to explore the direct and indirect dyadic associations. Results indicated that each partner's perceived emotional impact of COVID-19 was associated with his own higher depressive symptoms directly and indirectly, through his own lower relationship satisfaction. The other partner's perceived emotional impact of COVID-19 was associated with one's own higher depressive symptoms only directly. Our findings reinforce the notion that satisfactory couple relationships can act as a protective factor against depression in the LGBT population. Programs to promote adaptive coping strategies to deal with the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may have beneficial effects for the emotional adjustment of male same-sex couples, also by promoting relationship satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Barrientos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lusmenia Garrido
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Joaquín Bahamondes
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Fabiola Gómez
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Giulia Casu
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Supporting Youth and Families in Gaza: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Based Intervention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148337. [PMID: 35886189 PMCID: PMC9318896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A total of 450 million children are now living in active conflict zones. The negative consequences for children are significant and long lasting. In response to the urgent need for sustainable interventions for children and families, the current study evaluated a brief (12 hr, 8 session) family-based coping and support program, Promoting Positive Family Futures (PPFF), in Gaza. Methods: Families (n = 68, mother/father/adolescent triads) were randomized into the PPFF intervention or another lengthier (50 hr, 25 session) locally well-established psychosocial support program (treatment as usual; TAU). Results: Improvements were found for both conditions for paternal and maternal depression, emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal, family-wide emotional security, and adolescent adjustment. Effect sizes were medium to large (d = 0.35–1.27). Fathers in the PPFF condition reported lower depression and higher emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal at post-test than did fathers in the TAU condition. Mothers in the PPFF condition reported higher levels of emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal at post-test than did mothers in the TAU condition. PPFF was also indirectly associated with improved depression at post-test for both mothers and fathers via improvements in emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal and with adolescent adjustment at six months via improvements in maternal emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the PPFF intervention has many benefits comparable with a longer and locally well-established program. PPFF was also associated with unique positive implications for family-wide adjustment over time. Support was also identified for transdiagnostic processes of improvement associated with the PPPF intervention consistent with the theoretical models informing the approach.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kira IA, Al Ibrahim B, Aljakoub J, Shuwiekh HAM. The Effects of Torture in the Context of COVID-19 and Continuous Type III Trauma’s Variants: The Peri-Post Type III Trauma Mental Health Syndrome in Syrian Torture Survivors. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2070967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Aref Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kira IA, Rice K, Ashby JS, Shuwiekh H, Ibraheem AB, Aljakoub J. Which Traumas Proliferate and Intensify COVID-19 Stressors? The Differential Role of Pre- and Concurrent Continuous Traumatic Stressors and Cumulative Dynamics in Two Communities: USA and Syria. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, & Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffery S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanaa Shuwiekh
- Department of Psychology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
ELBARAZI AS. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Among University Students under the COVID-19 Condition". JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2022. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2022.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"The new global situation of COVID-19 affects the whole world in all aspects of life including mental health. The study’s goal is to detect the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Emotion Regulation (ER) difficulties under the COVID-19 condition. Methods: University students were asked to complete: 1) Emotion Regulation Difficulties Questionnaire (DERS) 2) PTSD Checklist (PCL- 5). 3) Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Results: There were 441 students with suspected COVID-19 symptoms out of 1195 students. When compared to students who did not have suspected COVID-19 symptoms, those who did had a greater prevalence of PTSD symptoms (18.2% vs. 4.7%) and DERS (34.5% vs. 23.3%). Additionally, correlation studies demonstrated a significant positive link (Ps< .01) between the PCL, the overall DERS, and all six categories of emotion regulation difficulties. Conclusion: Students with suspected COVID-19 symptoms have more difficulty with emotion regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder than students without such symptoms. This research recommends that during the pandemic, health professionals should implement a suitable psychological intervention for students who exhibit COVID-19 symptoms."
Collapse
|
23
|
Yong M, Suh H. University Students Adjusting to COVID-19 Stressors: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the COVID-19 Stressors Questionnaire. Front Psychol 2022; 13:816961. [PMID: 35197906 PMCID: PMC8859449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.816961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological effects of COVID-19 have been documented in the past year, but scarce literature exists on the nature of COVID-19 stressors. Using a random split sample of 1199 young adult university students, results of exploratory factor analyses (EFA) identified a four-factor structure in the COVID-19 Stressors Questionnaire (C19SQ), which were labeled Resource Constraints, Social Restrictions, Future Uncertainty, and Health Concerns. This model was supported by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) when run on the other split sample of 1139 university students. Higher levels of COVID-19 stress were positively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and negatively associated with sleep duration, sleep quality, and the number of exercise days. COVID-19 stress also uniquely predicted poor university adjustment. This study demonstrated the link between COVID-19 stressors and mental and physical health symptoms, thus providing support for conceptualizing the psychological impact of the pandemic as adjustment problems for some individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglee Yong
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanna Suh
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kira IA, Aljakoub J, Al Ibraheem B, Shuwiekh HAM, Ashby JS. The Etiology of Complex PTSD in the COVID-19 and Continuous Traumatic Stressors Era: A Test of Competing and Allied Models. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2022.2028094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
First JM, Houston JB. The Mental Health Impacts of Successive Disasters: Examining the Roles of Individual and Community Resilience Following a Tornado and COVID-19. CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 2022; 50:124-134. [PMID: 35039695 PMCID: PMC8754540 DOI: 10.1007/s10615-021-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has found that exposure to natural hazards and infectious disease are associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Less studied are the ways that individual-level and community-level resilience can protect against problematic mental health outcomes following exposure to successive disaster events. In the current study, we examine the role of individual and community resilience on mental health outcomes among 412 adults in Nashville, Tennessee exposed to an EF-3 tornado followed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Results found the cumulative impact of exposure to the tornado and COVID-19 was related to higher levels of PTS and depression symptoms. Individual resilience had a protective, inverse relationship with PTS and depression symptoms and mediated the relationship between community resilience and adverse mental health outcomes. Findings support the development of a multi-system disaster resilience framework that links individual resilience capacities to broader community resilience capacities to activate and sustain healthy adaptation following exposure to successive disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work at the University of Tennessee, 420 Henson Hall, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Department of Communication and Disaster and Community Crisis Center at the University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kira IA, Shuwiekh HAM, Ahmed SAE, Ebada EE, Tantawy SF, Waheep NN, Ashby JS. Coping with COVID-19 Prolonged and Cumulative Stressors: the Case Example of Egypt. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-22. [PMID: 35035314 PMCID: PMC8741582 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore how COVID-19-traumatized populations cope using a coping model based on wills to exist, live, and survive (WTELS) that leads to positive coping and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We used data from 11 Arab countries (N = 2732), including Egypt (N = 831), and included measures for COVID-19 stressors (COVID-fear, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), WTELS, resilience, religiosity, spirituality, social support, and PTG. We conducted ANOVA on the main sample to explore the differences between Arab countries, hierarchical regressions, and path analysis on the Egyptian subsample to test a model of the effects on WTELS. In the path model, WTELS was the independent variable. Other coping strategies were mediating variables, and COVID-19 stressor types were outcome variables. ANOVA on the main sample indicated that Egypt was the highest on COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), actual infection, and WTELS. Hierarchical regression indicated that social support, resilience, and WTELS were positive predictors of PTG, with WTELS had the highest effect size (β = .41) and WTELS being a negative predictor of COVID-19 stressors, while resilience and social support were not. Path analysis indicated that WTELS predicted higher religiosity, spirituality, social support, resilience, and lower COVID-19 stressors. Religiosity predicted higher spirituality, social support, and resilience and lower COVID-19 stressors. Interfaith spirituality predicted higher resilience and lower COVID-19 grief stressors. The results validated the central role of WTELS. Results helped to identify potentially effective interventions with COVID-19 victims that focus on WTELS, spirituality, and religiosity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, 4906 Woodhurst Way, Stone Mountain, GA 30088 USA
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shahrajabian MH. Powerful Stress Relieving Medicinal Plants for Anger, Anxiety, Depression, and Stress During Global Pandemic. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2022; 16:284-310. [PMID: 35319401 DOI: 10.2174/1872208316666220321102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consideration and improvement for anxiety and depression are important during a global pandemic. Appropriate healthcare can be obtained by paying more attention to traditional medicinal sciences. The adverse effects of stress with various symptoms can be managed by introducing plants that boost mental health. The most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to the global pandemic are pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, specific and uncontrolled fear, disabling loneliness, significant lifestyle changes, and psychiatric conditions. Ginseng, chamomile, passionflower, herbal tea, lavender, saffron, kava, rose, cardamom, Chinese date, and some chief formula like yokukansan, Dan-zhi-xiao-yao-san, so-ochim-tang-gamiband, and saikokaryukotsuboreito are notable herbal treatments for mental health problems. The most common medicinal plants that have been used in Iran for the cure of stress and anxiety are Viper's-buglosses, Dracocephalum, valerian, chamomile, common hop, hawthorns, and lavender. Medicinal plants and herbs can be used for the treatment and alleviation of the negative effects of stress, anger, and depression during the global pandemic.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharif-Esfahani P, Hoteit R, Morr CE, Tamim H. Fear of COVID-19 and Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and PTSD among Syrian Refugee Parents in Canada. J Migr Health 2022; 5:100081. [PMID: 35098193 PMCID: PMC8783986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The high frequency of COVID-19 has had an impact on the psychological health of all countries and socioeconomic groups around the world, with refugees suffering the brunt of the burden. The aim was to assess the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD among Syrian refugee parents residing in the Greater Toronto Area. Methods A convenience sample of 274 Syrian refugee parents residing in Ontario was recruited. Fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Levels of depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD). Multiple Linear Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between FCV-19S and the DASS-21 subscales and PC-PTSD. Results Severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were reported by 12.2%, 26.8%, and 9.7% of participants respectively, and 24.1% screened positive for PTSD. FCV-19S was associated with higher levels of stress (β = 0.27, p = 0.006), anxiety (β = 0.40, p <0.001), depression (β = 0.32, p = 0.001) and PTSD (β = 0.04, p = 0.015). Discussion Government initiatives should consider tackling fear concerning pandemics among Syrian refugee parents to help enhance their mental well-being.
Collapse
|
29
|
Letzel-Alt V, Pozas M, Schneider C. "I miss my school!": Examining primary and secondary school students' social distancing and emotional experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. PROSPECTS 2022; 51:673-684. [PMID: 36254220 PMCID: PMC9555703 DOI: 10.1007/s11125-022-09621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid spread of Covid-19, countries around the world implemented strict protocols ordering schools to close. As a result, educational institutions were forced to establish a new form of schooling by implementing emergency remote education. Learning from home during the Covid-19 pandemic brought numerous changes, challenges, and stressors to students' daily lives. In this context, major concerns have been raised based on the reports of students' negative experiences resulting from social distancing and isolation. Given the impact of Covid-19 on many aspects of students' lives, in particular their social and school experiences, research that provides insights into the consequences of this health crisis for students' well-being has become important. This study aims to explore students' experiences of social distancing and its relation to their negative emotional experiences during Germany's first Covid-19-related school closure. Findings indicate that both primary and secondary students missed their friends and classmates and that primary school students perceived higher levels of social distancing. However, a linear regression analysis indicated that the older the students were, the more negatively affected they were by social distancing. The implications of the study's results and further lines of research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Letzel-Alt
- Section for Teacher Education and Research, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Marcela Pozas
- Professional School of Education, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany ,School of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Section for Teacher Education and Research, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Leiderman LM, Klein RH. An Integrative Systems-Oriented Interpersonal/Relational Group Approach to Understanding and Treating Mass Trauma, Dissociation and Enactments During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Group Psychother 2022; 72:34-63. [PMID: 38446567 DOI: 10.1080/00207284.2021.1991234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is a new ongoing, long-term mass trauma event occurring simultaneously with overwhelming sociopolitical stressors. We propose an integrative, psychodynamic, systems-oriented, interpersonal/relational trauma group model to address the multiple losses, heightened anxieties, and complicated grief that have resulted from the pandemic, as well as various forms of interpersonal abuse associated with racist and oppressive systems. These manifest as dissociation and unconscious enactments in small and large psychotherapy groups. We examine the role and responsibilities of the group leader in working therapeutically with these phenomena. Case examples for large and small psychotherapy groups are provided.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kira IA, Shuwiekh HA, Alhuwailah A, Balaghi D. Does COVID-19 Type III Continuous Existential Trauma Deplete the Traditional Coping, Diminish Health and Mental Health, and Kindle Spirituality?: An Exploratory Study on Arab Countries. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.2006501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khaled SM, Amro I, Bader L, Woodruff P, Alabdulla MA, Bellaj T, Marzouk Y, Hasan Y, Al-Kaabi IM, Haddad PM. Factors associated with depression and anxiety in the adult population of Qatar after the first COVID-19 wave: a cross-sectional study. DISCOVER PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8686347 DOI: 10.1007/s44202-021-00009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is limited data from Arabic-speaking countries on risk factors for depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Country-specific data is necessary given differences in culture, demographics, and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. The main purpose of the study is to identify the factors associated with symptoms of depression-anxiety in the adult population of Qatar during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey in Qatar between July and December 2020 after Qatar’s first COVID-19 wave and before the beginning of the second wave. Depression-anxiety was defined as a cut-off of 20 or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire-Anxiety Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Of 1138 participants, 71.0% were female, 69.0% Arabs, 70.0% Non-Qataris, and 77.0% were < 40 years (the median age in Qatar is 32 years). In a fully-adjusted model, six variables were significantly associated with moderate-to-severe levels of depression or anxiety on the PHQ-ADS; Arab ethnicity (OR = 1.67, p = 0.026), never married versus married (OR = 1.69, p = 0.015), prior history of psychiatric disorder versus no history (OR = 1.80, p = 0.009), increased worries due to social media use for COVID-related news/updates (OR = 1.72, p = 0.003), a history of COVID-19 (OR = 1.76, p = 0.039), loneliness (OR = 1.91, p < 0.001), and lower levels of religiosity (OR = 0.96, p = 0.039). These associations also pertained in the reduced model, with the exception of religiosity which was only marginally statistically significant (OR = 0.97, p = 0.055). The potential risk factors identified may assist with anxiety and depression prevention in future COVID-19 waves, and similar national events, and assist with early intervention to treat sufferers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mawfek Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute –SESRI, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Amro
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute –SESRI, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Bader
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute –SESRI, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Woodruff
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Majid A. Alabdulla
- Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarek Bellaj
- College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousri Marzouk
- College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Youssef Hasan
- College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Peter M. Haddad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Science Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rizeq J, Korczak DJ, Cost KT, Anagnostou E, Charach A, Monga S, Birken CS, Kelley E, Nicolson R, Burton CL, Crosbie J. Vulnerability pathways to mental health outcomes in children and parents during COVID-19. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-11. [PMID: 34815638 PMCID: PMC8603653 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined pathways from pre-existing psychosocial and economic vulnerability to mental health difficulties and stress in families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from two time points from a multi-cohort study initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic were used. Parents of children 6-18 years completed questionnaires on pre-COVID-19 socioeconomic and demographic factors in addition to material deprivation and stress due to COVID-19 restrictions, mental health, and family functioning. Youth 10 years and older also completed their own measures of mental health and stress. Using structural equation modelling, pathways from pre-existing vulnerability to material deprivation and stress due to COVID-19 restrictions, mental health, and family functioning, including reciprocal pathways, were estimated. Pre-existing psychosocial and economic vulnerability predicted higher material deprivation due to COVID-19 restrictions which in turn was associated with parent and child stress due to restrictions and mental health difficulties. The reciprocal effects between increased child and parent stress and greater mental health difficulties at Time 1 and 2 were significant. Reciprocal effects between parent and child mental health were also significant. Finally, family functioning at Time 2 was negatively impacted by child and parent mental health and stress due to COVID-19 restrictions at Time 1. Psychosocial and economic vulnerability is a risk factor for material deprivation during COVID-19, increasing the risk of mental health difficulties and stress, and their reciprocal effects over time within families. Implications for prevention policy and parent and child mental health services are discussed. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02459-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jala Rizeq
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Daphne J. Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Katherine Tombeau Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Holland Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Alice Charach
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Suneeta Monga
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Spit for Science
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Holland Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, Queens University, Kingston, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Christie L. Burton
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), 555 University Ave, Psychiatry Research, 4th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kira IA, Rihan Ibrahim ES, Shuwiekh HAM, Ashby JS. Does Intersected Discrimination Underlie the Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity on Minorities? An Example from Jordan. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1992224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seedat S. Commentary on the special issue on disproportionate exposure to trauma: Trauma, stress, and adversities and health disparities among disenfranchised groups globally during the COVID pandemic. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:1061-1067. [PMID: 34642999 PMCID: PMC8662206 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The papers in this Journal of Traumatic Stress special issue on disproportionate adversity cover the gamut of discrimination traumas and stressors, including microaggressions, a more insidious forms of discrimination, and their often-devastating and wide-ranging mental health sequelae, in disproportionately affected disenfranchised groups. Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation commonly confers cumulative and chronic effects. In the field of traumatic stress studies, several types of identity-linked traumatic events have been identified and empirically investigated as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-producing experiences. Collectively, the 13 papers included in this special issue raise questions about the definition, conceptualization, and categorization of various forms of explicit and implicit identity-linked trauma. These papers highlight the need for acceptance of a shared nomenclature and better differentiation of both causal and correlational associations with acute and chronic PTSD, depression, suicide risk, alcohol misuse, and other mental health outcomes. In this commentary, the discussion is extended to COVID-19, a disease that has been globally devastating for many. On multiple levels (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, economic, and social), COVID-19 has magnified the prepandemic fault lines of race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Applying a syndemic framework to the health impact of COVID-19 and, arguably, the most pervasive identity linked epidemic worldwide-systemic racism-brings perspective to the biological and social forces that are likely to be driving the convergence of COVID-19, systemic racism, and chronic health inequities, and may be informative in guiding evidence-based strategies for managing racial trauma in the context of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Seedat
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The association of WTELS as a master motivator with higher executive functioning and better mental health. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7309-7320. [PMID: 34276169 PMCID: PMC8272615 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to test the validity of the “Will to exist-live and survive (WTELS) as a master motivator that activates executive functions. A sample of 262 adults administered different measures that included WTELS and executive functions. We conducted hierarchical regressions with working memory deficits (WMD) and inhibition deficits (ID) as dependent variables. We entered in the last steps resilience and WTELS as independent variables. We conducted path analysis with WTELS as independent variables and WMD and ID as outcome variables and resilience and social support as mediating variables. WTELS accounted for the high effect size for lower working memory deficits and medium effect size for lower inhibition deficits. In path analysis, the effects of WTELS on decreased WMD were direct, while its effects on the ID were indirect. PROCESS analysis indicated that WTELS was directly associated with lower depression, anxiety, PTSD, and COVID-19 traumatic stress, and its indirect effects were mediated by lower executive function deficits (Kira et al., Psych 12:992-1024 2021c, Kira et al., in press). The path model discussed was generally superior to the alternative models and was strictly invariant across genders (male/ female).
Collapse
|
37
|
Kira IA, Shuwiekh HA, Ashby JS, Rice KG, Alhuwailah A. Measuring COVID-19 Stressors and Their Impact: The Second-Order Factor Model and Its Four First-Order Factors: Infection Fears, Economic, Grief, and Lockdown Stressors. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1920270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, and affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Rice
- Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kira IA, Alpay EH, Ayna YE, Shuwiekh HAM, Ashby JS, Turkeli A. The effects of COVID-19 continuous traumatic stressors on mental health and cognitive functioning: A case example from Turkey. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:7371-7382. [PMID: 33897228 PMCID: PMC8057920 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to accurately assess the specific impacts of the various traumatic stressors caused by COVID-19 on mental health. The goal was to evaluate the impact of different types of COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, lockdown, and economic stressors) on mental health and cognitive functioning. We used a sample of 262 Turkish adults. We administered an online questionnaire that included measures of COVID-19 traumatic stressors, PTSD, depression, anxiety, executive function deficits, and cumulative stressors and traumas (CST). The analyses included correlations, hierarchical regression, path analysis, and PROCESS mediation analysis. All COVID-19 traumatic stressors types and their cumulative load predicted PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits after controlling for previous cumulative stressors and traumas and COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 lockdown’s stressors were the strongest predictors, compared to COVID-19 fears and economic stressors. Path analysis and PROCESS mediation results indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stressors had direct effects on working memory deficits, direct and indirect effects on PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and indirect effects on inhibition deficits. Anxiety, depression, and inhibition deficits mediated its indirect effects on PTSD. The results have conceptual and clinical implications. COVID-19 continuous posttraumatic stress syndrome that includes comorbid PTSD, depression, anxiety, and executive function deficits is different and does not fit within the current trauma frameworks. There is a need for a paradigm shift in current stress and trauma frameworks to account for the COVID-19 continuous global stressors and for clinical innovations in intervention to help its victims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA USA.,Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Emre Han Alpay
- Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Center for Stress, trauma, and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Aras Turkeli
- Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Diaz A, Baweja R, Bonatakis JK, Baweja R. Global health disparities in vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:94-108. [PMID: 33889535 PMCID: PMC8040151 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i4.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic affects psychiatric patients disproportionately compared to the general population. In this narrative review, we examine the impact of the pandemic on significant global health disparities affecting vulnerable populations of psychiatric patients: People of diverse ethnic background and color, children with disabilities, sexual and gender minorities, pregnant women, mature adults, and those patients living in urban and rural communities. The identified disparities cause worsened mental health outcomes placing psychiatric patients at higher risk for depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Those psychiatric patients who are ethnic minorities display barriers to care, including collective trauma and structural racism. Sexual and gender minorities with mental illness face discrimination and limited access to treatment. Pregnant women with psychiatric diagnoses show higher exposure to domestic violence. Children with disabilities face a higher risk of worsening behavior. Mature adults with psychiatric problems show depression due to social isolation. Psychiatric patients who live in urban communities face pollutants and overcrowding compared to those living in rural communities, which face limited access to telehealth services. We suggest that social programs that decrease discrimination, enhance communal resilience, and help overcome systemic barriers of care should be developed to decrease global health disparities in vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Ritika Baweja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Jessica K Bonatakis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Raman Baweja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tosun Altınöz Ş, Dalgar I, Altınöz AE. The Turkish adaptation and psychometric characteristics of the COVID-19 Traumatic Stress Scale. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2208-2214. [PMID: 33866958 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1909670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to adapt and validate the COVID-19 Traumatic Stress Scale in Turkish. The scale consisted of three dimensions: "threat/fear of infection and death," "economic hardship," and "disturbed routines/isolation." The Turkish version (COVID-19 Traumatic Scale-TR) was tested on a convenience sample of 432 online participants. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three dimensions of the COVID-19 Traumatic Stress Scale, but with item 9 removed, resulting in an 11-item scale. Cronbach's α score for the 11-item scale was 0.85. The scale may be important to test the impact of COVID-19 on different psychosocial domains, including economic impact and isolation, in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilker Dalgar
- Department of Psychology, School of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ercan Altınöz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nikolaidis A, Paksarian D, Alexander L, Derosa J, Dunn J, Nielson DM, Droney I, Kang M, Douka I, Bromet E, Milham M, Stringaris A, Merikangas KR. The Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) reveals reproducible correlates of pandemic-related mood states across the Atlantic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8139. [PMID: 33854103 PMCID: PMC8046981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its social and economic consequences have had adverse impacts on physical and mental health worldwide and exposed all segments of the population to protracted uncertainty and daily disruptions. The CoRonavIruS health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) was developed for use as an easy to implement and robust questionnaire covering key domains relevant to mental distress and resilience during the pandemic. Ongoing studies using CRISIS include international studies of COVID-related ill health conducted during different phases of the pandemic and follow-up studies of cohorts characterized before the COVID pandemic. In the current work, we demonstrate the feasibility, psychometric structure, and construct validity of this survey. We then show that pre-existing mood states, perceived COVID risk, and lifestyle changes are strongly associated with negative mood states during the pandemic in population samples of adults and in parents reporting on their children in the US and UK. These findings are highly reproducible and we find a high degree of consistency in the power of these factors to predict mental health during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nikolaidis
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Diana Paksarian
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lindsay Alexander
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Jacob Derosa
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Julia Dunn
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dylan M. Nielson
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Section On Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Irene Droney
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Minji Kang
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Ioanna Douka
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Section On Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony, Brook University, Stony Brook, NY USA
| | - Michael Milham
- grid.428122.f0000 0004 7592 9033Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Section On Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McDonald SE, O’Connor KE, Matijczak A, Tomlinson CA, Applebaum JW, Murphy JL, Zsembik BA. Attachment to Pets Moderates Transitions in Latent Patterns of Mental Health Following the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Survey of U.S. Adults. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030895. [PMID: 33801041 PMCID: PMC8004029 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to elevated rates of mental health problems and distress among the U.S. population. Pets may be an important source of social support to combat social isolation. This cross-sectional study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of U.S. pet owners based on their perceived mental health symptoms prior to and after the onset of the pandemic. Latent transition analysis was used to determine the stability of subgroup membership and examine the effect of attachment to pets on transition probabilities. Five subgroups were identified: low symptoms, mild symptoms, moderate symptoms, high symptoms, and severe symptoms. Evidence of moderation was found, X2(16) = 41.47, p = 0.04. Specifically, results indicated that attachment to pets functioned as a protective factor for individuals exhibiting moderate and high levels of mental health symptoms, as above average attachment to pets was associated with greater odds of transitioning to a less severe symptom profile. However, individuals with severe symptom profiles and high attachment to pets fared worst in the context of COVID-19 restrictions. This study has important implications for future research investigating the role of pets on mental health and for those providing services to pet owners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Abstract This cross-sectional study examined whether, and to what extent, attachment to pets was associated with changes in latent patterns of adults’ perceived mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 1942). We used latent transition analysis to determine the stability of subgroup membership pre- and post-COVID and the effect of attachment to pets on transition probabilities. Mental health before COVID-19 was measured retrospectively. Five subgroups were identified: low symptoms, mild symptoms, moderate symptoms, high symptoms, and severe symptoms. Among individuals in the moderate and high symptoms subgroups, those who reported high attachment to pets generally had greater odds of transitioning to a less severe symptom profile (OR = 2.12) over time than those with low attachment to pets (OR = 1.39). However, those who had a severe symptom profile and high attachment to pets had lower odds of transitioning to a less severe symptom profile (OR = 0.30) and higher odds of maintaining a severe symptom profile (OR = 3.33) than those with low attachment to pets. These findings suggest that the protective and risk effects of attachment to pets differ based on individuals’ psychological symptom patterns across multiple indicators. We discuss the implications of these findings for research, policy, and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E. McDonald
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.M.); (C.A.T.); (J.L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kelly E. O’Connor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St., Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Angela Matijczak
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.M.); (C.A.T.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Camie A. Tomlinson
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.M.); (C.A.T.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jennifer W. Applebaum
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, 3219 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.W.A.); (B.A.Z.)
| | - Jennifer L. Murphy
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 Floyd Ave, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.M.); (C.A.T.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Barbara A. Zsembik
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, 3219 Turlington Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.W.A.); (B.A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Şimşir Z, Koç H, Seki T, Griffiths MD. The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and mental health problems: A meta-analysis. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:515-523. [PMID: 33641626 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1889097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused physical and mental health problems among individuals around the world. Recent studies have reported various mental health problems among both health-care workers and the general population. In this meta-analysis, evidence is provided concerning the relationships between the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction] - the most widely used, translated, and validated scale - and mental health problems including, anxiety, stress, depression, distress, post-traumatic stress, and sleep problems among the general population. We searched for relevant studies on Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ERIC databases and conducted a meta-analysis with selected studies in accordance with the inclusion criteria. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated that fear of COVID-19 was strongly related to anxiety (r = 0.55, n = 19,578), traumatic stress (r = 0.54, n = 8,752), distress (r = 0.53, n = 11,785) as well as being moderately related to stress (r = 0.47, n = 4,340) and depression (r = 0.38, n = 23,835). The correlation with insomnia (r = 0.27, n = 2,114) was modest. These results demonstrate that fear of COVID-19 is associated a wide range of mental health problems among the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Şimşir
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hayri Koç
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tolga Seki
- Department of Guidance and Psychological Counseling, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gallagher MW, Smith LJ, Richardson AL, Long LJ. Examining Associations Between COVID-19 Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1886799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lia J. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Laura J. Long
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Styck KM, Malecki CK, Ogg J, Demaray MK. Measuring COVID-19-Related Stress Among 4th Through 12th Grade Students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2372966x.2020.1857658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
46
|
Bernardo ABI, Mendoza NB, Simon PD, Cunanan ALP, Dizon JIWT, Tarroja MCH, Ma Balajadia-Alcala A, Saplala JEG. Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale (CPAS-11): development and initial validation. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:5703-5711. [PMID: 33223781 PMCID: PMC7664585 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will increase as the outbreak continues and persist even after the pandemic passes. We developed an 11-item Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale (CPAS-11) to measure symptoms of anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic to help identify individuals who might need mental health services. In developing the scale items, we considered previous research and theory on anxiety symptoms and symptoms reported by clinically referred cases in the Philippines. The scale was validated in a Filipino sample (N = 925). Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors corresponding to somatic and non-somatic symptoms; confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit for the two-factor model. CPAS-11 showed good internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity, and screening accuracy. A cutoff score of 15 showed adequate sensitivity and specificity to distinguish GAD-7 screened participants. The results support the viability of CPAS-11 as a screening tool to identify individuals experiencing COVID-19-related anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norman B Mendoza
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shuwiekh HAM, Kira IA, Sous MSF, Ashby JS, Alhuwailah A, Baali SBA, Azdaou C, Oliemat EM, Jamil HJ. The differential mental health impact of COVID-19 in Arab countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 41:5678-5692. [PMID: 33162726 PMCID: PMC7605480 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic’s mental health impact on Arab countries is under-researched. The goal of this investigation was to study the differential impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of Arab countries. A questionnaire including measures of COVID-19 traumatic stress, PTSD, depression, anxiety, and cumulative stressors and trauma was distributed anonymously online in seven Arab countries (Egypt (N = 255), Kuwait (N = 442), Jordan (N = 216), Saudi Arabia (N = 212, Algeria (N = 110), Iraq and Palestine (N = 139)). We used ANOVA and stepwise regression to analyze the data. For each country, regression, PTSD, depression, and anxiety were dependent variables; we entered in the first-step, gender, age, religion, education, and income. In the second step, we entered “cumulative stressors and traumas.” In the third step, we entered COVID-19 traumatic stress. The ANOVA results indicated that the differences in COVID19 traumatic stress, PTSD, depression, and anxiety between the countries were significant. Post-hoc analysis indicated that Egypt is significantly higher than all the other Arab countries in COVID-19 traumatic stress, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The subsample from Palestine and Iraq had a significantly higher cumulative trauma load than the other Arab countries but did not have higher levels of COVID-19 traumatic stress or PTSD. Stepwise regression indicated that COVID-19 traumatic stress accounted for significant variance above and beyond the variance accounted for by previous cumulative stressors and traumas for anxiety in all countries and PTSD and depression in all countries except for Algeria. We discussed the implications for these results for the urgent mental health needs of Arab countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim A Kira
- Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, 4906 Woodhurst Way, Stone Mountain, GA 30088 USA.,Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Ashby
- Affiliate of Center for Stress, Trauma and Resiliency, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hikmet J Jamil
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Lancing, Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
First JM, Shin H, Ranjit YS, Houston JB. COVID-19 Stress and Depression: Examining Social Media, Traditional Media, and Interpersonal Communication. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1835386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Haejung Shin
- Department of Communication, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yerina S. Ranjit
- Department of Communication, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - J. Brian Houston
- Disaster and Community Crisis Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Master of Public Health Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lázaro-Pérez C, Martínez-López JÁ, Gómez-Galán J, Fernández-Martínez MDM. COVID-19 Pandemic and Death Anxiety in Security Forces in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7760. [PMID: 33114116 PMCID: PMC7660332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which produces COVID-19 disease, has revealed to political and social circles a series of needs that have not yet been met. The workers of the State Security Forces and the Armed Forces have done an extraordinary job to try to alleviate the effects that the pandemic has had on the population and to return stability to the citizenry as much as possible. In this context, the following investigation is developed based on two objectives: (PO1) to know the level of anxiety in the face of death in these professionals; (PO2) to determine the predictive variables in the above-mentioned phenomenon. Professionals from all over Spain have participated in the study (n = 2079). From a quantitative perspective, a questionnaire was developed from the Collet-Lester death anxiety scale. The results show a total level of 69.2% in the scale, as well as some higher levels about the fear of death of others (82.1%) and the fear of the process of dying of others (78.2%). On the other hand, from the binary logistic regressions, four variables are evidenced that condition the risk of suffering death anxiety: (a) certainty of needing psychological treatment in the future; (b) absence of Individual Protection Equipment (PPE); (c) high levels of Emotional Exhaustion; (d) high levels of depersonalization-these last two come from the Maslach and Jackson Burnout scale. These data show a need for training and intervention in the emotional and psychological demands of the professionals of the Armed Forces and State Security Forces, as well as the obligation to develop a continuous dialogue with the institutions they represent to foster the feeling of belonging to them. It is essential, regardless of the serious consequences that the virus has caused, to understand the psychosocial and emotional demands of enforcement agents and to improve their occupational health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lázaro-Pérez
- Department of Sociology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario, 11, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Ángel Martínez-López
- Department of Social Work and Social Services, University of Murcia, Avda. Teniente Flomesta, 5, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Gómez-Galán
- Department of Education, University of Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- College of Education, Ana G. Méndez University, Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - María del Mar Fernández-Martínez
- College of Education Sciences & College of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, University of Huelva, Campus El Carmen, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nikolaidis A, Paksarian D, Alexander L, Derosa J, Dunn J, Nielson DM, Droney I, Kang M, Douka I, Bromet E, Milham M, Stringaris A, Merikangas KR. The Coronavirus Health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) reveals reproducible correlates of pandemic-related mood states across the Atlantic. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.08.24.20181123. [PMID: 32869041 PMCID: PMC7457620 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.24.20181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its social and economic consequences have had adverse impacts on physical and mental health worldwide and exposed all segments of the population to protracted uncertainty and daily disruptions. The CoRonavIruS health and Impact Survey (CRISIS) was developed for use as an easy to implement and robust questionnaire covering key domains relevant to mental distress and resilience during the pandemic. In the current work, we demonstrate the feasibility, psychometric structure and construct validity of this survey. We then show that pre-existing mood states, perceived COVID risk, and lifestyle changes are strongly associated with negative mood states during the pandemic in population samples of adults and in parents reporting on their children in the US and UK. Ongoing studies using CRISIS include international studies of COVID-related ill health conducted during different phases of the pandemic and follow-up studies of cohorts characterized before the COVID pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nikolaidis
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
| | - Diana Paksarian
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lindsay Alexander
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jacob Derosa
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
| | - Julia Dunn
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dylan M Nielson
- Section on Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irene Droney
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
| | - Minji Kang
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
| | - Ioanna Douka
- Section on Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University
| | - Michael Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, The Child Mind Institute, New York, NY
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Section on Clinical and Computational Psychiatry (CompΨ), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen R Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|