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Wang X, Si K, Gu W, Wang X. Mitigating effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1028822. [PMID: 36760710 PMCID: PMC9906996 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1028822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a major public health concern that endangers health and decreases the quality of life of the elderly around the world. A recent clinical guideline has recommended regular exercise (twice per week) for patients with MCI as part of an overall approach to management. Tai Chi, a form of light-to-moderate-intensity mind-body exercise, is particularly suitable for seniors. This review aims to summarize epidemiological studies related to the effects of Tai Chi on symptom remission in older adults with MCI and reveal the potential mechanisms. Evidence suggested that Tai Chi can improve cognitive functions and alleviate the accompanying symptoms of MCI in the elderly potentially by activating the expression of signals in different brain regions, altering their connectivity, increasing the brain volume, and modulating brain-derived neurotropic and inflammation factors. Studies comparing various types of Tai Chi may contribute to the identification of paradigms that have appropriate intensities and difficulty and exert good effects on older people with MCI. In addition, studies are warranted to determine the frequency and duration of training that can optimize the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Si
- Department of Military Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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2
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Ziebold C, Evans-Lacko S, Andrade MCR, Hoffmann MS, Fonseca L, Barbosa MG, Pan PM, Miguel E, Bressan RA, Rohde LA, Salum GA, de Jesus Mari J, Gadelha A. Childhood individual and family modifiable risk factors for criminal conviction: a 7-year cohort study from Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13381. [PMID: 35927553 PMCID: PMC9352677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crime is a major public problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its preventive measures could have great social impact. The extent to which multiple modifiable risk factors among children and families influence juvenile criminal conviction in an LMIC remains unexplored; however, it is necessary to identify prevention targets. This study examined the association between 22 modifiable individual and family exposures assessed in childhood (5-14 years, n = 2511) and criminal conviction at a 7-year follow-up (13-21 years, n = 1905, 76% retention rate) in a cohort of young people in Brazil. Population attributable risk fraction (PARF) was computed for significant risk factors. Criminal convictions were reported for 81 (4.3%) youths. Although most children living in poverty did not present criminal conviction (89%), poverty at baseline was the only modifiable risk factor significantly associated with crime (OR 4.14, 99.8% CI 1.38-12.46) with a PARF of 22.5% (95% CI 5.9-36.1%). It suggests that preventing children's exposure to poverty would reduce nearly a quarter of subsequent criminal convictions. These findings highlight the importance of poverty in criminal conviction, as it includes several deprivations and suggest that poverty eradication interventions during childhood may be crucial for reducing crime among Brazilian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ziebold
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil.
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | | | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lais Fonseca
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ghossain Barbosa
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
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ter Harmsel JF, van Dongen JDM, Zijlmans J, van der Pol TM, Marhe R, Popma A. Neurobiological Responses towards Stimuli Depicting Aggressive Interactions in Delinquent Young Adults and Controls: No Relation to Reactive and Proactive Aggression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020124. [PMID: 35203888 PMCID: PMC8869761 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological measures underlying aggressive behavior have gained attention due to their potential to inform risk assessment and treatment interventions. Aberrations in responsivity of the autonomic nervous system and electrophysiological responses to arousal-inducing stimuli have been related to emotional dysregulation and aggressive behavior. However, studies have often been performed in community samples, using tasks that induce arousal but not specifically depict aggression. In this study, we examined differences in psychophysiological (i.e., heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, skin conductance level) and electrophysiological responses (i.e., P3, late positive potential, mu suppression) to aggressive versus neutral scenes in a sample of 118 delinquent young adults and 25 controls (all male, aged 18–27). With respect to group differences, we only found significant higher SCL reactivity during the task in the delinquent group compared to controls, but this was irrespective of condition (aggressive and neutral interactions). Within the delinquent group, we also examined associations between the neurobiological measures and reactive and proactive aggression. No significant associations were found. Therefore, although we found some indication of emotional dysregulation in these delinquent young adults, future studies should further elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying emotional dysregulation in relation to different types of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna F. ter Harmsel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.); (T.M.v.d.P.); (R.M.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Mental Health Care, Inforsa, 1059 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.F.t.H.); (J.D.M.v.D.)
| | - Josanne D. M. van Dongen
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (J.F.t.H.); (J.D.M.v.D.)
| | - Josjan Zijlmans
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.); (T.M.v.d.P.); (R.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Thimo M. van der Pol
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.); (T.M.v.d.P.); (R.M.); (A.P.)
- Forensic Mental Health Care, Inforsa, 1059 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Quality of Care, ARKIN Mental Health Institute, 1033 NN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reshmi Marhe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.); (T.M.v.d.P.); (R.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.); (T.M.v.d.P.); (R.M.); (A.P.)
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Delfin C, Ruzich E, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M, Andiné P. Trait Disinhibition and NoGo Event-Related Potentials in Violent Mentally Disordered Offenders and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577491. [PMID: 33362599 PMCID: PMC7759527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait disinhibition may function as a dispositional liability toward maladaptive behaviors relevant in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of the NoGo N2 and P3 event-related potentials have emerged as promising candidates for transdiagnostic, biobehavioral markers of trait disinhibition, yet no study has specifically investigated these two components in violent, inpatient MDOs. Here, we examined self-reported trait disinhibition, experimentally assessed response inhibition, and NoGo N2 and P3 amplitude and latency in male, violent MDOs (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 20). MDOs had a higher degree of trait disinhibition, reduced NoGo P3 amplitude, and delayed NoGo P3 latency compared to controls. The reduced NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in MDOs may stem from deficits during monitoring or evaluation of behavior. NoGo P3 latency was associated with increased trait disinhibition in the whole sample, suggesting that trait disinhibition may be associated with reduced neural efficiency during later stages of outcome monitoring or evaluation. Findings for NoGo N2 amplitude and latency were small and non-robust. With several limitations in mind, this is the first study to demonstrate attenuated NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in violent, inpatient MDOs compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Emily Ruzich
- MedTech West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Crago RV, Renoult L, Biggart L, Nobes G, Satmarean T, Bowler JO. Physical aggression and attentional bias to angry faces: An event related potential study. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146387. [PMID: 31419430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the neural correlates of aggression-related attentional selectivity to angry faces in physical aggression. Physical aggression in a non-clinical sample of young men (N = 36) was measured using an aggression questionnaire. Visual attentional bias to angry faces was assessed using a dot-probe task during which angry and neutral faces were presented simultaneously, and EEG was recorded. Median split and correlational analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between physical aggression and attentional bias. Behavioural results indicated that higher levels of physical aggression were associated with greater attentional bias to angry faces. ERP results revealed an interaction where males with higher physical aggression had undifferentiated P3 amplitudes to angry and neutral trials, whereas low physical aggression males exhibited greater P3 amplitude to angry than to neutral trials (effect of probe congruency). Increased levels of physical aggression were also significantly correlated with increased P3 amplitude to probes replacing neutral faces, relative to angry faces. It was concluded that the aggressive males selectively attend to angry faces, and that attentional bias is characterized by undifferentiated P3 amplitude. We propose that this results from an inferior ability to downregulate competing angry face distractors when responding to probes replacing neutral faces (as reflected by the P3 response). These findings indicate that attentional bias to angry faces in individuals with higher physical aggression is characterized by a distinctive ERP signature; this could inform the development of therapeutic interventions seeking to reduce aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Crago
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Biggart
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Gavin Nobes
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Tamara Satmarean
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer O Bowler
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Pincham HL, Bryce D, Fonagy P, Fearon RMP. Psychosocial intervention in at-risk adolescents: using event-related potentials to assess changes in decision making and feedback processing. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:223-236. [PMID: 29802517 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decision making and feedback processing are two important cognitive processes that are impacted by social context, particularly during adolescence. The current study examined whether a psychosocial intervention could improve psychological wellbeing in at-risk adolescent boys, thereby improving their decision making and feedback processing skills. Two groups of at-risk adolescents were compared: those who were relatively new to a psychosocial intervention, and those who had engaged over a longer time period. Electroencephalography was recorded while the young people participated in a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm. The late positive potential (LPP) was measured during the decision phase of the task (where participants selected punishments for their opponents). The feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 components were measured during the task's outcome phase (where participants received 'win' or 'lose' feedback). Adolescents who were new to the intervention (the minimal-intervention group) were harsher in their punishment selections than those who had been engaged in the program for much longer. The minimal-intervention group also showed an enhanced LPP during the decision phase of the task, which may be indicative of immature decision making in that group. Analysis of the FRN and P3 amplitudes revealed that the minimal-intervention group was physiologically hypo-sensitive to feedback, compared with the extended-intervention group. Overall, these findings suggest that long-term community-based psychosocial intervention programs are beneficial for at-risk adolescents, and that event-related potentials can be employed as biomarkers of therapeutic change. However, because participants were not randomly allocated to treatment groups, alternative explanations cannot be excluded until further randomized controlled trials are undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Pincham
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - D Bryce
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Fonagy
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK.,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - R M Pasco Fearon
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK. .,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
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Petersen IT, Hoyniak CP, Bates JE, Staples AD, Molfese DL. A longitudinal, within-person investigation of the association between the P3 ERP component and externalizing behavior problems in young children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:1044-1051. [PMID: 30255499 PMCID: PMC6467251 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalizing problems, including aggression and conduct problems, are thought to involve impaired attentional capacities. Previous research suggests that the P3 event-related potential (ERP) component is an index of attentional processing, and diminished P3 amplitudes to infrequent stimuli have been shown to be associated with externalizing problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the vast majority of this prior work has been cross-sectional and has not examined young children. The present study is the first investigation of whether within-individual changes in P3 amplitude predict changes in externalizing problems, providing a stronger test of developmental process. METHOD Participants included a community sample of children (N = 153) followed longitudinally at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Children completed an oddball task while ERP data were recorded. Parents rated their children's aggression and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Children's within-individual changes in the P3 amplitude predicted concomitant within-child changes in their aggression such that smaller P3 amplitudes (relative to a child's own mean) were associated with more aggression symptoms. However, changes in P3 amplitudes were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the P3 may play a role in development of aggression, but do not support the notion that the P3 plays a role in development of early ADHD symptoms.
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Pasion R, Fernandes C, Pereira MR, Barbosa F. Antisocial behaviour and psychopathy: Uncovering the externalizing link in the P3 modulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:170-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Crago RV, Renoult L, Biggart L, Nobes G, Satmarean T, Bowler JO. WITHDRAWN: Physical aggression and attentional bias to angry faces: An event related potential study. Brain Res 2018:S0006-8993(18)30373-1. [PMID: 29990489 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The authors have opted to update their article and have resubmitted it to the journal as a new submission. The updated article has now been accepted and can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146387. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Crago
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Biggart
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Nobes
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Satmarean
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer O Bowler
- School of Psychology, Lawrence Stenhouse Building (LSB), University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Murray J, Shenderovich Y, Gardner F, Mikton C, Derzon JH, Liu J, Eisner M. Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. CRIME AND JUSTICE (CHICAGO, ILL.) 2018; 47:255-364. [PMID: 30310248 PMCID: PMC6176906 DOI: 10.1086/696590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Violent crime is a major cause of social instability, injury, and death in low- and middle-income countries. Longitudinal studies in high-income countries have provided important evidence on developmental precursors of violence and other antisocial behaviors. However, there may be unique influences or different risk factor effects in other social settings. Extensive searches in seven languages and screening of over 60,000 references identified 39 longitudinal studies of antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries. Many risk factors have roughly the same average effects as when studied in high-income countries. Stability of aggression over a 3-year period is almost identical across low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Dimensions of comorbid psychopathology such as low self-control, hyperactivity, and sensation seeking are associated with antisocial behavior in low- and middle-income countries, but some early physical health factors have consistently weak or null effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Frances Gardner
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Oxford University
| | - Christopher Mikton
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of the West of England
| | - James H Derzon
- Center for Advanced Methods Development, Research Triangle Institute
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Gao Y, Zhang W, Eisenbarth H, Fung ALC, Lu M, Raine A, Lee TM, Li X. P3 amplitude and psychopathic traits in youths: Distinct contributions of the grandiose-manipulative and daring-impulsivity traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pincham HL, Bryce D, Kokorikou D, Fonagy P, Fearon RMP. Psychosocial Intervention Is Associated with Altered Emotion Processing: An Event-Related Potential Study in At-Risk Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147357. [PMID: 26808519 PMCID: PMC4726793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion processing is vital for healthy adolescent development, and impaired emotional responses are associated with a number of psychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear whether observed differences between psychiatric populations and healthy controls reflect modifiable variations in functioning (and thus could be sensitive to changes resulting from intervention) or stable, non-modifiable, individual differences. The current study therefore investigated whether the Late Positive Potential (LPP; a neural index of emotion processing) can be used as a marker of therapeutic change following psycho-social intervention. At-risk male adolescents who had received less than four months intervention (minimal-intervention, N = 32) or more than nine months intervention (extended-intervention, N = 32) passively viewed emotional images whilst neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography. Significant differences in emotion processing, indicated by the LPP, were found between the two groups: the LPP did not differ according to valence in the minimal-intervention group, whereas the extended-intervention participants showed emotion processing in line with low risk populations (enhanced LPP for unpleasant images versus other images). Further, an inverse relationship between emotional reactivity (measured via the LPP) and antisocial behaviour was observed in minimal-intervention participants only. The data therefore provide preliminary cross-sectional evidence that abnormal neural responses to emotional information may be normalised following psychosocial intervention. Importantly, this study uniquely suggests that, in future randomised control trials, the LPP may be a useful biomarker to measure development and therapeutic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Pincham
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, The Anna Freud Centre, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, United Kingdom, NW3 5SU
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 7HB
| | - Donna Bryce
- Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstrasse 4, 72076, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Danae Kokorikou
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, The Anna Freud Centre, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, United Kingdom, NW3 5SU
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, The Anna Freud Centre, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, United Kingdom, NW3 5SU
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 7HB
| | - R. M. Pasco Fearon
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit, The Anna Freud Centre, 12 Maresfield Gardens, London, United Kingdom, NW3 5SU
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1–19 Torrington Place, London, United Kingdom, WC1E 7HB
- * E-mail:
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Malone SM, Vaidyanathan U, Basu S, Miller MB, McGue M, Iacono WG. Heritability and molecular-genetic basis of the P3 event-related brain potential: a genome-wide association study. Psychophysiology 2015; 51:1246-58. [PMID: 25387705 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
P3 amplitude is a candidate endophenotype for disinhibitory psychopathology, psychosis, and other disorders. The present study is a comprehensive analysis of the behavioral- and molecular-genetic basis of P3 amplitude and a P3 genetic factor score in a large community sample (N = 4,211) of adolescent twins and their parents, genotyped for 527,829 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Biometric models indicated that as much as 65% of the variance in each measure was due to additive genes. All SNPs in aggregate accounted for approximately 40% to 50% of the heritable variance. However, analyses of individual SNPs did not yield any significant associations. Analyses of individual genes did not confirm previous associations between P3 amplitude and candidate genes but did yield a novel association with myelin expression factor 2 (MYEF2). Main effects of individual variants may be too small to be detected by GWAS without larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Gatzke-Kopp LM, Willner CJ, Jetha MK, Abenavoli RM, DuPuis D, Segalowitz SJ. How does reactivity to frustrative non-reward increase risk for externalizing symptoms? Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:300-309. [PMID: 25937209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Frustration is a normative affective response with an adaptive value in motivating behavior. However, excessive anger in response to frustration characterizes multiple forms of externalizing psychopathology. How a given trait subserves both normative and pathological behavioral profiles is not entirely clear. One hypothesis is that the magnitude of response to frustration differentiates normative versus maladaptive reactivity. Disproportionate increases in arousal in response to frustration may exceed normal regulatory capacity, thus precipitating aggressive or antisocial responses. Alternatively, pathology may arise when reactivity to frustration interferes with other cognitive systems, impairing the individual's ability to respond to frustration adaptively. In this paper we examine these two hypotheses in a sample of kindergarten children. First we examine whether children with conduct problems (CP; n=105) are differentiated from comparison children (n=135) with regard to magnitude of autonomic reactivity (cardiac and electrodermal) across a task that includes a frustrative non-reward block flanked by two reward blocks. Second we examine whether cognitive processing, as reflected by magnitude of the P3b brain response, is disrupted in the context of frustrative non-reward. Results indicate no differences in skin conductance, but a greater increase in heart rate during the frustration block among children in the CP group. Additionally, the CP group was characterized by a pronounced decrement in P3b amplitude during the frustration condition compared with both reward conditions. No interaction between cardiac and P3b measures was observed, suggesting that each system independently reflects a greater sensitivity to frustration in association with externalizing symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Social Science Research Institute, 315 HHD East, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Social Science Research Institute, 315 HHD East, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Cynthia J Willner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Social Science Research Institute, 315 HHD East, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Michelle K Jetha
- Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P 6L2, Canada.
| | - Rachel M Abenavoli
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Social Science Research Institute, 315 HHD East, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - David DuPuis
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Social Science Research Institute, 315 HHD East, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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Michalska KJ, Decety J, Zeffiro TA, Lahey BB. Association of regional gray matter volumes in the brain with disruptive behavior disorders in male and female children. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 7:252-7. [PMID: 25610787 PMCID: PMC4300012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because the disruptive behavior disorders are highly impairing conditions, it is important to determine if structural variations in brain are associated early in life with these problems among children. Structural MRI data were acquired from 111 9-11 year olds (58 girls and 53 boys), 43 who met diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder and 68 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine associations of behavioral measures with gray matter volumes in whole-brain analyses. Unlike previous studies, variation in gray matter volume was not found to be associated with a disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis in any brain region at p < .05 with FWE correction. Nonetheless, an inverse nonlinear association of the number of conduct disorder (CD) symptoms with gray matter volume along the left superior temporal sulcus was significant in the full sample (p < .05 with FWE correction), with a trend in the right hemisphere (p < 0.001 uncorrected). There also was a trend toward a stronger association of the number of CD symptoms with gray matter volume along the left superior temporal sulcus in girls than boys. The present findings did not replicate previous findings of reduced gray matter volumes in the anterior insula, amygdala, and frontal cortex in youth with CD, but are consistent with previous findings of reduced gray matter volumes in temporal regions, particularly in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Zeffiro
- Neural Systems Group, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pincham HL, Bryce D, Pasco Fearon R. The neural correlates of emotion processing in juvenile offenders. Dev Sci 2014; 18:994-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/desc.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Bryce
- Department of Psychology; University of Tübingen; Germany
| | - R.M. Pasco Fearon
- Developmental Neuroscience Unit; The Anna Freud Centre; UK
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology; University College London; UK
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17
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Neurocriminology: implications for the punishment, prediction and prevention of criminal behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2013; 15:54-63. [PMID: 24326688 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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