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Kipkorir T, Polgar P, Barker D, D'Halluin A, Patel Z, Arnvig KB. A novel regulatory interplay between atypical B12 riboswitches and uORF translation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae338. [PMID: 38709884 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor in all domains of life and B12-sensing riboswitches are some of the most widely distributed riboswitches. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, harbours two B12-sensing riboswitches. One controls expression of metE, encoding a B12-independent methionine synthase, the other controls expression of ppe2 of uncertain function. Here, we analysed ligand sensing, secondary structure and gene expression control of the metE and ppe2 riboswitches. Our results provide the first evidence of B12 binding by these riboswitches and show that they exhibit different preferences for individual isoforms of B12, use distinct regulatory and structural elements and act as translational OFF switches. Based on our results, we propose that the ppe2 switch represents a new variant of Class IIb B12-sensing riboswitches. Moreover, we have identified short translated open reading frames (uORFs) upstream of metE and ppe2, which modulate the expression of their downstream genes. Translation of the metE uORF suppresses MetE expression, while translation of the ppe2 uORF is essential for PPE2 expression. Our findings reveal an unexpected regulatory interplay between B12-sensing riboswitches and the translational machinery, highlighting a new level of cis-regulatory complexity in M. tuberculosis. Attention to such mechanisms will be critical in designing next-level intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kipkorir
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Peter Polgar
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Declan Barker
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Alexandre D'Halluin
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Zaynah Patel
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Kristine B Arnvig
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
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2
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He Z, Chen Z, Mo Y, Lu X, Luo Y, Lin S, Zhong Y, Deng J, Zheng S, Xia L, Wu H, Routledge MN, Hong Y, Xian X, Yang X, Gong Y. Assessment of the Adverse Health Effects of Aflatoxin Exposure from Unpackaged Peanut Oil in Guangdong, China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:646. [PMID: 37999509 PMCID: PMC10675126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are liver carcinogens and are common contaminants in unpackaged peanut (UPP) oil. However, the health risks associated with consuming aflatoxins in UPP oil remain unclear. In this study, aflatoxin contamination in 143 UPP oil samples from Guangdong Province were assessed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We also recruited 168 human subjects, who consumed this oil, to measure their liver functions and lipid metabolism status. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in 79.72% of the UPP oil samples, with levels ranging from 0.02 to 174.13 μg/kg. The average daily human intake of AFB1 from UPP oil was 3.14 ng/kg·bw/day; therefore, the incidence of liver cancer, caused by intake of 1 ng/kg·bw/day AFB1, was estimated to be 5.32 cases out of every 100,000 persons per year. Meanwhile, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and AFB1 exposure exerted a synergistic effect to cause liver dysfunction. In addition, the triglycerides (TG) abnormal rate was statistically significant when using AFB1 to estimate daily intake (EDI) quartile spacing grouping (p = 0.011). In conclusion, high aflatoxin exposure may exacerbate the harmful effects of HBV infection on liver function. Contamination of UPP oil with aflatoxins in Guangdong urgently requires more attention, and public health management of the consumer population is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhini He
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Zihui Chen
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunying Mo
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yanheng Luo
- Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing 526060, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhaoqing 526060, China
| | - Yanxu Zhong
- Food Safety Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
| | - Junfeng Deng
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Shixiong Zheng
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Lei Xia
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hang Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael N. Routledge
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Xian
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yunyun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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3
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Xiao F, Caciagli L, Wandschneider B, Sone D, Young AL, Vos SB, Winston GP, Zhang Y, Liu W, An D, Kanber B, Zhou D, Sander JW, Thom M, Duncan JS, Alexander DC, Galovic M, Koepp MJ. Identification of different MRI atrophy progression trajectories in epilepsy by subtype and stage inference. Brain 2023; 146:4702-4716. [PMID: 37807084 PMCID: PMC10629797 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools are widely employed, but their use for diagnosis and prognosis of neurological disorders is still evolving. Here we analyse a cross-sectional multicentre structural MRI dataset of 696 people with epilepsy and 118 control subjects. We use an innovative machine-learning algorithm, Subtype and Stage Inference, to develop a novel data-driven disease taxonomy, whereby epilepsy subtypes correspond to distinct patterns of spatiotemporal progression of brain atrophy.In a discovery cohort of 814 individuals, we identify two subtypes common to focal and idiopathic generalized epilepsies, characterized by progression of grey matter atrophy driven by the cortex or the basal ganglia. A third subtype, only detected in focal epilepsies, was characterized by hippocampal atrophy. We corroborate external validity via an independent cohort of 254 people and confirm that the basal ganglia subtype is associated with the most severe epilepsy.Our findings suggest fundamental processes underlying the progression of epilepsy-related brain atrophy. We deliver a novel MRI- and AI-guided epilepsy taxonomy, which could be used for individualized prognostics and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Britta Wandschneider
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Daichi Sone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Alexandra L Young
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Computer Science, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Computer Science, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation, and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gavin P Winston
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Dongmei An
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Baris Kanber
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Computer Science, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Josemir W Sander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland – (SEIN), Heemstede, 2103SW, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Departments of Computer Science, Medical Physics, and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UCL-Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, SL9 0RJ, UK
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Courtenay LA, Aramendi J, González-Aguilera D. Recruiting a skeleton crew-Methods for simulating and augmenting paleoanthropological data using Monte Carlo based algorithms. Am J Biol Anthropol 2023. [PMID: 37199044 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data collection is a major hindrance in many types of analyses in human evolutionary studies. This issue is fundamental when considering the scarcity and quality of fossil data. From this perspective, many research projects are impeded by the amount of data available to perform tasks such as classification and predictive modeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we present the use of Monte Carlo based methods for the simulation of paleoanthropological data. Using two datasets containing cross-sectional biomechanical information and geometric morphometric 3D landmarks, we show how synthetic, yet realistic, data can be simulated to enhance each dataset, and provide new information with which to perform complex tasks with, in particular classification. We additionally present these algorithms in the form of an R library; AugmentationMC. We also use a geometric morphometric dataset to simulate 3D models, and emphasize the power of Machine Teaching, as opposed to Machine Learning. RESULTS Our results show how Monte Carlo based algorithms, such as the Markov Chain Monte Carlo, are useful for the simulation of morphometric data, providing synthetic yet highly realistic data that has been tested statistically to be equivalent to the original data. We additionally provide a critical overview of bootstrapping techniques, showing how Monte Carlo based methods perform better than bootstrapping as the data simulated is not an exact copy of the original sample. DISCUSSION While synthetic datasets should never replace large and real datasets, this can be considered an important advance in how paleoanthropological data can be handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A Courtenay
- Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Avila, University of Salamanca, Ávila, Spain
| | - Julia Aramendi
- Department of Geology, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Diego González-Aguilera
- Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering, Higher Polytechnic School of Avila, University of Salamanca, Ávila, Spain
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5
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Ziebold C, Silva-Ribeiro W, King D, McDaid D, Hoffmann MS, Romeo R, Pan PM, Miguel EC, Bressan RA, Rohde LA, Salum GA, Mari JDJ, Evans-Lacko S. Utilisation and costs of mental health-related service use among adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273628. [PMID: 36084089 PMCID: PMC9462733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high level of care needs for adolescents with mental health conditions represents a challenge to the public sector, especially in low and middle-income countries. We estimated the costs to the public purse of health, education, criminal justice and social care service use associated with psychiatric conditions among adolescents in Brazil; and examined whether the trajectory of psychopathology and its impact on daily life, and parental stigma towards mental illness, was associated with service utilisation and costs. Methods Data on reported service use among adolescents from a prospective community cohort (n = 1,400) were combined with Brazilian unit costs. Logistic regression and generalised linear models were used to examine factors associated with service use and associated costs, respectively. Results Twenty-two percent of those who presented with a psychiatric disorder used some type of service for their mental health in the previous twelve months. Higher odds of service use were associated with having a diagnosed mental disorder (either incident, [OR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.44–4.30, p = 0.001], remittent [OR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.27–3.69, p = 0.005] or persistent [OR = 3.01, 95%CI = 1.69–5.36, p<0.001]), higher impact of symptoms on adolescent’s life (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.19–1.47, p<0.001) and lower parental stigma toward mental illness (OR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.05–1.20, p = 0.001). Average annual cost of service use was 527.14 USD (s.d. = 908.10). Higher cost was associated with higher disorder impact (β = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.12–0.39, p<0.001), lower parental stigma (β = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.02–0.23, p = 0.020) and white ethnicity (β = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.04–1.07, p = 0.036). Conclusion The impact of mental health problems on adolescents’ daily lives and parental stigmatising attitudes toward mental illness were the main predictors of both service use and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ziebold
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Silva-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek King
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renee Romeo
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Program & Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ziebold C, Evans-Lacko S, Andrade MCR, Hoffmann MS, Fonseca L, Barbosa MG, Pan PM, Miguel E, Bressan RA, Rohde LA, Salum GA, de Jesus Mari J, Gadelha A. Childhood individual and family modifiable risk factors for criminal conviction: a 7-year cohort study from Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13381. [PMID: 35927553 PMCID: PMC9352677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crime is a major public problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and its preventive measures could have great social impact. The extent to which multiple modifiable risk factors among children and families influence juvenile criminal conviction in an LMIC remains unexplored; however, it is necessary to identify prevention targets. This study examined the association between 22 modifiable individual and family exposures assessed in childhood (5-14 years, n = 2511) and criminal conviction at a 7-year follow-up (13-21 years, n = 1905, 76% retention rate) in a cohort of young people in Brazil. Population attributable risk fraction (PARF) was computed for significant risk factors. Criminal convictions were reported for 81 (4.3%) youths. Although most children living in poverty did not present criminal conviction (89%), poverty at baseline was the only modifiable risk factor significantly associated with crime (OR 4.14, 99.8% CI 1.38-12.46) with a PARF of 22.5% (95% CI 5.9-36.1%). It suggests that preventing children's exposure to poverty would reduce nearly a quarter of subsequent criminal convictions. These findings highlight the importance of poverty in criminal conviction, as it includes several deprivations and suggest that poverty eradication interventions during childhood may be crucial for reducing crime among Brazilian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ziebold
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil.
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | | | - Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lais Fonseca
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ghossain Barbosa
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Euripedes Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient and Developmental Psychiatry Programs, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano, 241-Vila Mariana, São Paulo, 04017-030, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, 05403-010, Brazil
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van den Berg GL, Vermeulen E, Valenzuela LO, Bérubé M, Ganswindt A, Gröcke DR, Hall G, Hulva P, Neveceralova P, Palsbøll PJ, Carroll EL. Decadal shift in foraging strategy of a migratory southern ocean predator. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 27:1052-1067. [PMID: 33319502 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid anthropogenic environmental change is expected to impact a host of ecological parameters in Southern Ocean ecosystems. Of critical concern are the consequences of these changes on the range of species that show fidelity to migratory destinations, as philopatry is hypothesized to help or hinder adaptation to climate change depending on the circumstances. Many baleen whales show philopatry to feeding grounds and are also capital breeders that meet migratory and reproductive costs through seasonal energy intake. Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis, SRWs) are capital breeders that have a strong relationship between reproductive output and foraging success. The population dynamics of South Africa's population of SRWs are characterized by two distinct periods: the 1990s, a period of high calving rates; and the late 2010s, a period associated with lowered calving rates. Here we use analyses of stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope values from SRW biopsy samples (n = 122) collected during these two distinct periods to investigate foraging ecology of the South African population of SRWs over a time period coincident with the demographic shift. We show that South African SRWs underwent a dramatic northward shift, and diversification, in foraging strategy from 1990s to 2010s. Bayesian mixing model results suggest that during the 1990s, South African SRWs foraged on prey isotopically similar to South Georgia/Islas Georgias del Sur krill. In contrast, in the 2010s, South African SRWs foraged on prey isotopically consistent with the waters of the Subtropical Convergence, Polar Front and Marion Island. We hypothesize that this shift represents a response to changes in preferred habitat or prey, for example, the decrease in abundance and southward range contraction of Antarctic krill. By linking reproductive decline to changing foraging strategies for the first time in SRWs, we show that altering foraging strategies may not be sufficient to adapt to a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon L van den Berg
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Els Vermeulen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Luciano O Valenzuela
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (LEEH, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Enseñanza Universitaria Quequén, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martine Bérubé
- Marine Evolution and Conservation Group, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Darren R Gröcke
- Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry Laboratory (SIBL), Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Grant Hall
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pavel Hulva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Neveceralova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Ivanhoe Sea Safaris, Gansbaai, South Africa
- Dyer Island Conservation Trust, Great White House, Kleinbaai, South Africa
| | - Per J Palsbøll
- Marine Evolution and Conservation Group, Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Carroll
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liu T, Huang W, Szatmary P, Abrams ST, Alhamdi Y, Lin Z, Greenhalf W, Wang G, Sutton R, Toh CH. Accuracy of circulating histones in predicting persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1215-1225. [PMID: 28436602 PMCID: PMC7938821 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prediction of acute pancreatitis severity remains a challenge. Circulating levels of histones are raised early in mouse models and correlate with disease severity. It was hypothesized that circulating histones predict persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS Consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis fulfilling inclusion criteria admitted to Royal Liverpool University Hospital were enrolled prospectively between June 2010 and March 2014. Blood samples were obtained within 48 h of abdominal pain onset and relevant clinical data during the hospital stay were collected. Healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The primary endpoint was occurrence of persistent organ failure. The predictive values of circulating histones, clinical scores and other biomarkers were determined. RESULTS Among 236 patients with acute pancreatitis, there were 156 (66·1 per cent), 57 (24·2 per cent) and 23 (9·7 per cent) with mild, moderate and severe disease respectively, according to the revised Atlanta classification. Forty-seven healthy volunteers were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for circulating histones in predicting persistent organ failure and mortality was 0·92 (95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 0·99) and 0·96 (0·92 to 1·00) respectively; histones were at least as accurate as clinical scores or biochemical markers. For infected pancreatic necrosis and/or sepsis, the AUC was 0·78 (0·62 to 0·94). Histones did not predict or correlate with local pancreatic complications, but correlated negatively with leucocyte cell viability (r = -0·511, P = 0·001). CONCLUSION Quantitative assessment of circulating histones in plasma within 48 h of abdominal pain onset can predict persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Early death of immune cells may contribute to raised circulating histone levels in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - W Huang
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Szatmary
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - S T Abrams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Y Alhamdi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Z Lin
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Greenhalf
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Wang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Sutton
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - C H Toh
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Roald Dahl Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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