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Vafaeipour Z, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of saffron, black seed, and their main constituents on inflammatory cytokine response (mainly TNF-α) and oxidative stress status: an aspect on pharmacological insights. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2241-2259. [PMID: 37103518 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an inflammatory cytokine, is produced by monocytes and macrophages. It is known as a 'double-edged sword' because it is responsible for advantageous and disadvantageous events in the body system. The unfavorable incident includes inflammation, which induces some diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, cancer, and diabetes. Many medicinal plants have been found to prevent inflammation, such as saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and black seed (Nigella sativa). Therefore, the purpose of this review was to assess the pharmacological effects of saffron and black seed on TNF-α and diseases related to its imbalance. Different databases without time limitations were investigated up to 2022, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. All the original articles (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) were collected on the effects of black seed and saffron on TNF-α. Black seed and saffron have therapeutic effects against many disorders, such as hepatotoxicity, cancer, ischemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver, by decreasing TNF-α levels based on their anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Saffron and black seed can treat a variety of diseases by suppressing TNF-α and exhibiting a variety of activities such as neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, antitussive, bronchodilator, antidiabetic activity, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. To uncover the beneficial underlying mechanisms of black seed and saffron, more clinical trials and phytochemical research are required. Also, these two plants affect other inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and enzymes, implying that they could be used to treat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vafaeipour
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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da Paz Martins AS, de Andrade KQ, de Araújo ORP, da Conceição GCM, da Silva Gomes A, Goulart MOF, Moura FA. Extraintestinal Manifestations in Induced Colitis: Controversial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Colon, Liver, and Kidney. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8811463. [PMID: 37577725 PMCID: PMC10423092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by continuous inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur due to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased permeability caused by redox imbalance, dysbiosis, and inflammation originating from the intestine and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on colonic, hepatic, and renal tissues in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male Swiss mice received NAC (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 30 days before and during (DSS 5% v/v; for 7 days) colitis induction. On the 38th day, colon, liver, and kidney were collected and adequately prepared for the analysis of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and inflammatory biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) -, tumor necrosis factor alpha - (TNF-α, and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In colon, NAC protected the histological architecture. However, NAC did not level up SOD, in contrast, it increased MDA and pro-inflammatory effect (increased of TNF-α and decreased of IL-10). In liver, colitis caused both oxidative (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammatory damage (IL-10). NAC was able only to increase GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Kidney was not affected by colitis; however, NAC despite increasing CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio promoted lipid peroxidation (increased MDA) and pro-inflammatory action (decreased IL-10). Despite some beneficial antioxidant effects of NAC, the negative outcomes concerning irreversible oxidative and inflammatory damage in the colon, liver, and kidney confirm the nonsafety of the prophylactic use of this antioxidant in models of induced colitis, suggesting that additional studies are needed, and its use in humans not yet recommended for the therapeutic routine of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amylly Sanuelly da Paz Martins
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda da Silva Gomes
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
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Kianpour F, Mohseni M, Beigmohamadi M, Yazdinezhad A, Ramazani A, Hosseini MJ, Sharafi A. The protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior L. against chlorpyrifos induced toxicity: Involvement of inflammatory and cell death signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113959. [PMID: 33636318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ziziphora tenuior L. is used as a medicinal plant in treatment of various diseases such as gastric disorders, stomach ache, dysentery, uterus infection, gut inflammation and menstruation. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior extract against chlorpyrifos (CPF), the most commonly or popularly used insecticide in Asia and Africa were investigated in liver and lung tissues with emphasis in apoptotic and inflammatory pathways in rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were performed by gavage of male rats for 8 weeks. The extract of Z. tenuior was administrated at three different doses (40, 80, 160 mg/kg). 6.75 mg/kg CPF was administrated as the maximum tolerable dose based on our previous study. RESULTS Our data indicated that CPF can increase the expression of some inflammatory genes (IL-6, TLR-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLPR3) and apoptosis genes (Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Caspase 8 and Bax). On the other hand, it can down regulate Bcl-2 gene expression. Post-treatment of Z. tenuior extract in CPF- treated rats showed significant decrease in apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression in the liver and lung due to its anti-apoptotic effects which confirmed by Bcl-2 gene overexpression. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that Z. tenuior extract, as a traditional treatment can be able to moderate CPF toxicity via significant effect on inflammatory and apoptotic cell death signaling pathway. Also, based on our preliminary data, it is suggested that Z. tenuior extract can prevent the adverse effects of CPF in liver and lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kianpour
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Mohseni
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mina Beigmohamadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdinezhad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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Ahmadi A, Gandomi H, Derakhshandeh A, Misaghi A, Noori N. Phytochemical composition and in vitro safety evaluation of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. ethanolic extract: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113428. [PMID: 33011368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The application of the herb Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in folk medicine and as a food additive has been recommended due to its many claimed bioactivities. Regardless of the plant benefits, its safety considerations are largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present research was to determine the chemical compositions and cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity potentials of the ethanolic extract of Ziziphora clinopdioides Lam. (EEZC). MATERIALS AND METHODS GC-MS and LC-MS analysis were used for chemical composition determination. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue exclusion dye assays were used for cytotoxicity and the Comet assay was employed for genotoxicity assessment on human blood lymphocytes. Also, the Ames Salmonella/microsome test was carried out for the evaluation of mutagenicity. RESULTS Pulegone was the main component of the n-hexane fraction. Different phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected by LC-MS. The cytotoxicity study indicated a conspicuous decline in human lymphocyte viability ranging from 52% to 100% as showed by the MTT assay and 67% up to 100% by the trypan blue assay, at 1 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The Comet assay results revealed a dose dependent genotoxicity, in so much as 90% and 98% of the cells were screened as damaged at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. An incidence rate of 8% and 13% of grade 4 damage was observed at 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the DNA damage index (DI) was elevated dose-dependently by a rising concentration of the extract, wherein the DI at 10 mg/mL concentration was 2.22, which was 22 times greater than that of negative control, and even more than positive control. The Ames test exhibited no signs of mutagenicity for neither Salmonella typhimurium TA98 nor TA100 strains, accompanied or unaccompanied by S9 metabolic activation. CONCLUSION Results indicated a dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potential of the EEZC on human lymphocytes, suggesting that this plant should be used with caution by consumers, even in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Since the plant usage in daily life continues to increase due to its ever growing phytotherapical and phytonutritional properties, it may pose a health risk by its high concentration's uptake. Although no mutagenicity of this extract was observed in this study, further research is recommended to clarify the mutagenic risks of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Gandomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Misaghi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Noori
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Kamalian A, Sohrabi Asl M, Dolatshahi M, Afshari K, Shamshiri S, Momeni Roudsari N, Momtaz S, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M, Abdolghaffari AH. Interventions of natural and synthetic agents in inflammatory bowel disease, modulation of nitric oxide pathways. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3365-3400. [PMID: 32655263 PMCID: PMC7327787 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and affected tissues; mainly synthesized by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzyme; can exacerbate GI inflammation and is one of the major biomarkers of GI inflammation. Various natural and synthetic agents are able to ameliorate GI inflammation and decrease iNOS expression to the extent comparable with some IBD drugs. Thereby, the purpose of this study was to gather a list of natural or synthetic mediators capable of modulating IBD through the NO pathway. Electronic databases including Google Scholar and PubMed were searched from 1980 to May 2018. We found that polyphenols and particularly flavonoids are able to markedly attenuate NO production and iNOS expression through the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Prebiotics and probiotics can also alter the GI microbiota and reduce NO expression in IBD models through a broad array of mechanisms. A number of synthetic molecules have been found to suppress NO expression either dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway (i.e., dexamethasone, pioglitazone, tropisetron) or independent from this pathway (i.e., nicotine, prednisolone, celecoxib, β-adrenoceptor antagonists). Co-administration of natural and synthetic agents can affect the tissue level of NO and may improve IBD symptoms mainly by modulating the Toll like receptor-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kamalian
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Masoud Sohrabi Asl
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Shiva Shamshiri
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1941933111, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Shahnazi M, Azadmehr A, Jondabeh MD, Hajiaghaee R, Norian R, Aghaei H, Saraei M, Alipour M. Evaluating the effect of Myrtus communis on programmed cell death in hydatid cyst protoscolices. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1072-1076. [PMID: 29203104 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible involvement of programmed cell death strategy in hydatid cyst protoscolices following treatment with Myrtus communis (M. communis) as an herbal medicine. METHODS Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep liver hydatid cysts. Evaluating the effect of M. communis extract on programmed cell death and increased activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in hydatid cyst protoscolices was conducted by treating the protoscolices with different concentration (5, 50, and 100 mg/mL) of M. communis extract at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 4 h by using the Bradford test and ELISA commercial kits. RESULTS The extract of M. communis at all concentrations led to initiation of programmed cell death in protoscolices and this effect, was only significant at 50 and 100 mg/mL concentrations, compared to the negative control (P < 0.05). Also, the activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in hydatid cyst protoscolices, was shown that the extract at all 3 concentrations could only increase the activity of caspases 3 and 9. Moreover, a significant increase in the activity of caspase 3 was only observed at concentrations 50 and 100 mg/mL by 37.00% and 66.19% while a significant increase in the activity of caspase 9 at the same concentrations was observed by 20.89% and 63.67%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The extract of M. communis at different concentrations could increase the activity of caspases 3 and 9 and caused programmed cell death in hydatid cyst protoscolices however, this effect was significant at high concentrations of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shahnazi
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Institute, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Hajiaghaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Norian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghaei
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Department of Parasitology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alipour
- Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Yazdinezhad A, Abbasian M, Hojjat Hosseini S, Naserzadeh P, Agh-Atabay AH, Hosseini MJ. Protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior extract against chlorpyrifos induced liver and lung toxicity in rat: Mechanistic approaches in subchronic study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2191-2202. [PMID: 28569040 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus, which has spurred renewed interest. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of ziziphora tenuior extract against CPF-induced liver and lung toxicity. This study conducted 8-week rat sub-chronic toxicity study and then the effect of ziziphora tenuior extract in 3 different doses (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) was determined. We administrated maximum tolerated dose of CPF (6.75 mg/kg) by gavage for 8 weeks (5 times in week) to male rats. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after last dose and the biochemical analysis, which confirms involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CPF toxicity in liver including increased in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and ROS formation, glutathione depletion, decreased of antioxidant effect via frap oxidation and cytochrome c expulsion. In addition, pathological lesions confirm the dysfunction of the organs (liver and lung). In addition, using of ziziphora extract as an antioxidant is resulted in amelioration of oxidative stress marker in liver and lung damage. In conclusion, the current study revealed that CPF toxicity is related to oxidative stress and induction of cell death signaling and cotreatment with ziziphora extract is recommended in the routine therapy for the protection against CPF induced liver and lung tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Yazdinezhad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Meysam Abbasian
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Protoscolicidal and immunomodulatory activity of Ziziphora tenuior extract and its fractions. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1062-1068. [PMID: 27890365 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the scolicidal and immunomodulatory effect of the Ziziphora tenuior (Z. tenuior) extract and its fractions. METHODS Protoscolices were treated with six concentrations (3, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) of Z. tenuior extract and its fractions (ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform) in periods of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min, and viability of protoscolices was evaluated using the 1.0% eosin. To examine the immunomodulatory effects of Ziziphora and its fractions on macrophage cells, the non-toxic concentration of extract and different fractions determined by MTT assay, and the Griess reaction was used to measure the level of nitrite as an indicator of nitric oxide by the macrophage cells in 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL in 24 h at 37 °C. RESULTS In this study, the Z. tenuior extract at 10 mg/mL concentration was able to kill all protoscolices during 20 min. By increasing the concentration to 25 mg/mL, the scolicidal time reduced to 10 min. Regarding the effect of different fractions of Z. tenuior, the ethanolic fraction showed the highest scolicidal activity. The extract demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the activity of macrophages and reduced nitric oxide production. Although the petroleum ether and ethanolic fractions of the extract reduced nitric oxide production, nevertheless, this effect was only significant at 10 and 100 μg/mL concentrations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The Z. tenuior extract and its fractions were effective against protoscolices yet the effect of total extract was considerable. Our findings indicates that the extract and its ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions could have anti-inflammatory properties.
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Colonic and Hepatic Modulation by Lipoic Acid and/or N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Mild Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4047362. [PMID: 27957238 PMCID: PMC5124475 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4047362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents that have not yet been tested on mild ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to evaluate the action of LA and/or NAC, on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in colonic and hepatic rat tissues with mild UC, induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (2% w/v). LA and/or NAC (100 mg·kg·day-1, each) were given, once a day, in the diet, in a pretreatment phase (7 days) and during UC induction (5 days). Colitis induction was confirmed by histological and biochemical analyses (high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometry, and Multiplex®). A redox imbalance occurred before an immunological disruption in the colon. NAC led to a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. In the liver, DSS did not cause damage but treatments with both antioxidants were potentially harmful, with LA increasing MDA and LA + NAC increasing H2O2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and transaminases. In summary, NAC exhibited the highest colonic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, while LA + NAC caused hepatic damage.
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A biphasic effect of TNF-α in regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in cardiomyocytes. Redox Biol 2016; 9:77-89. [PMID: 27423013 PMCID: PMC4961303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonizing TNF-α signaling attenuates chronic inflammatory disease, but is associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Therefore the impact of TNF-α on basal control of redox signaling events needs to be understand in more depth. This is particularly important for the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the heart and in the present study we hypothesized that inhibition of a low level of TNF-α signaling attenuates the TNF-α dependent activation of this cytoprotective pathway. HL-1 cardiomyocytes and TNF receptor1/2 (TNFR1/2) double knockout mice (DKO) were used as experimental models. TNF-α (2–5 ng/ml, for 2 h) evoked significant nuclear translocation of Nrf2 with increased DNA/promoter binding and transactivation of Nrf2 targets. Additionally, this was associated with a 1.5 fold increase in intracellular glutathione (GSH). Higher concentrations of TNF-α (>10–50 ng/ml) were markedly suppressive of the Keap1/Nrf2 response and associated with cardiomyocyte death marked by an increase in cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. In vivo experiments with TNFR1/2-DKO demonstrates that the expression of Nrf2-regulated proteins (NQO1, HO-1, G6PD) were significantly downregulated in hearts of the DKO when compared to WT mice indicating a weakened antioxidant system under basal conditions. Overall, these results indicate that TNF-α exposure has a bimodal effect on the Keap1/Nrf2 system and while an intense inflammatory activation suppresses expression of antioxidant proteins a low level appears to be protective. TNF-α promotes oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Lower concentration of TNF-α evoked nuclear translocation of Nrf2. TNF-α induced Nrf2 is functionally active in regulating antioxidant response. Abrogation of TNF-α signaling selectively impairs Nrf2-dependent antioxidant regulation in double receptor knockout mice.
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Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Zhaparkulova K, Sakipova Z, Ibragimova L, Ibadullaeva G, Žemlička M. Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070826. [PMID: 27347924 PMCID: PMC6274025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karlygash Zhaparkulova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Liliya Ibragimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galya Ibadullaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Milan Žemlička
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
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Triantafillidis JK, Triantafyllidi A, Vagianos C, Papalois A. Favorable results from the use of herbal and plant products in inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from experimental animal studies. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:268-81. [PMID: 27366027 PMCID: PMC4923812 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the available literature on the efficacy of herbal therapy in experimental colitis. All relevant studies published in Medline and Embase up to June 2015 have been reviewed. The results of bowel histology and serum parameters have been recorded. A satisfactory number of published experimental studies, and a quite large one of both herbal and plant products tested in different studies have been reported. The results showed that in the majority of the studies, herbal therapy reduced the inflammatory activity of experimental colitis and diminished the levels of many inflammatory indices, including serum cytokines and indices of oxidative stress. The most promising plant and herbal products were tormentil extracts, wormwoodherb, Aloe vera, germinated barley foodstuff, curcumin, Boswellia serrata, Panax notoginseng, Ixeris dentata, green tea, Cordia dichotoma, Plantago lanceolata, Iridoidglycosides, and mastic gum. Herbal therapies exert their therapeutic benefit via various mechanisms, including immune regulation, anti-oxidant activity, inhibition of leukotriene B4 and nuclear factor-κB, and antiplatelet activity. Large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural substances should be urgently conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Triantafillidis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, "IASO General" Hospital (John K. Triantafillidis, Aikaterini Triantafyllidi), Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Triantafyllidi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, "IASO General" Hospital (John K. Triantafillidis, Aikaterini Triantafyllidi), Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Vagianos
- 2 Surgical Department, "Laikon" Hospital, University of Athens (Constantinos Vagianos), Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Papalois
- Experimental-Research Center, ELPEN (Apostolos Papalois), Athens, Greece
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Mozaffari S, Abdolghaffari AH, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Pregnancy outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease following exposure to thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor drugs. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:445-459. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114550882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the harmful effect of flare-up periods in pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on their newborns. Therefore, an effective and safe medical treatment during pregnancy is of great concern in IBD patients. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on the outcomes of thiopurines use and a systematic review of antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs used during pregnancy in women with IBD. The results of cohorts evaluating the safety of anti-TNF drugs during pregnancy up to July 2013 were collected and analyzed. In the meta-analysis, a total of 312 pregnant women with IBD who used thiopurines were compared with 1149 controls (women with IBD who were not treated with any medication and women who were exposed to drugs other than thiopurines) to evaluate the drug effect on different pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, congenital abnormalities, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal adverse outcomes. Results of statistical analysis demonstrated that congenital abnormalities were increased significantly in thiopurine-exposed group in comparison with control group who did not receive any medicine for IBD treatment. The summary odds ratio was 2.95 with 95% confidence interval = 1.03–8.43 ( p = 0.04). We observed no significant differences in occurrence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes between compared groups. The results of cohorts evaluated the safety of anti-TNF drugs during pregnancy demonstrated no increase in occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in comparison with controls except for the significant decrease in gestational age of newborns of drug-exposed mothers in one trial. In conclusion, a benefit–risk ratio should be considered in prescribing or continuing medicinal therapy during pregnancy of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mozaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
| | - AH Abdolghaffari
- Pharmacology and Applied Medicine, Department of Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran, Iran
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Kandhare AD, Raygude KS, Ghosh P, Ghule AE, Gosavi TP, Badole SL, Bodhankar SL. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn. leaves in experimental colitis in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:337-44. [PMID: 23569927 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (HRS) in acetic acid induced experimental colitis in male wistar rats. METHODS The animals were administered with 2 mL acetic acid (4%) via intra rectal. The animals were divided into various treatment groups (n=6). Prednisolone was used as standard drug and HRS was administered at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. The control group of animals received 1 mL of vehicle (distilled water). Ulcer area, ulcer index, spleen weight, colon weight to length ratio, macroscopic score, haematological parameters, colonic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and histological changes were recorded after the treatment regimen of 11 days. RESULTS Intrarectal instillation of acetic acid caused enhanced ulcer area, ulcer index, spleen weight, colon weight to length ratio, colonic MPO, MDA, NO and TNF-α It caused significant decreased level of SOD and GSH. Pretreatment with HRS for 7 days exhibited significant effect in lowering of oxidative stress, colonic NO, TNF-α and elevation of SOD and GSH at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg in acetic acid induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation demonstrates HRS is of potent therapeutic value in the amelioration of experimental colitis in laboratory animals by inhibiting the proinflammatory mediator like NO and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
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Farzaei MH, Ghasemi-Niri SF, Abdolghafari AH, Baeeri M, Khanavi M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Biochemical and histopathological evidence on the beneficial effects of Tragopogon graminifolius in TNBS-induced colitis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:429-436. [PMID: 25471611 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.923004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tragopogon graminifolius DC. (Compositae) (TG) has been proposed as an efficacious remedy for gastrointestinal ulcers in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the efficacy of TG on experimental colitis and the responsible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS After induction of IBD by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), rats received standardized ethanol extract of TG aerial part at 20, 30, or 50 mg/kg/d orally. After 12 d, the rats were sacrificed and the colon was removed and assessed for macroscopic and microscopic changes. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured in the colon homogenate. RESULT TG extract significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores of colitis with ED50 values of 23 and 39 mg/kg, respectively. MPO was significantly reduced in all plant extract groups with an ED50 value of 41 mg/kg. The ED50 values of extract for inhibition of TNF-α and LPO were 44 and 93 mg/kg, respectively. IL-1β significantly decreased by 50 mg/kg of TG extract (ED50 = 57 mg/kg). Total antioxidant power markedly increased by 50 mg/kg group (ED50 = 43 mg/kg). DISCUSSION TG exhibited efficacy on TNBS-induced colitis via anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and mucosal healing properties. CONCLUSION TG possesses promising healing function on colitis. Clinical trials are warranted to prove its efficacy and tolerability in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Sakthivel KM, Guruvayoorappan C. Modulating effect of Biophytum sensitivum extract on rats with acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1570-1580. [PMID: 25243883 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.908396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditionally, Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC (Oxalidaceae) is used in Indian medicine to treat diseases include stomachache, convulsions, cramps, inflammation, and ulcer. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the effect of aerial parts of B. sensitivum (methanol extract) on a murine model of ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS UC was induced by intracolonic injection of 3% acetic acid in Wistar rats. B. sensitivum (50 or 100 mg/kg b wt) or reference drug sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg b wt) was administrated intra-peritoneally for 5 consecutive days before induction of colitis. RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that the administration of B. sensitivum (50 mg/kg b wt) was found to inhibit colitis by lowering macroscopic score (up to 3.66 ± 0.77) and also showed significant reduction (p < 0.01) in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Furthermore, a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in mucosal content of lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) confirms that B. sensitivum could significantly inhibit colitis. The study showed significant reduction (p < 0.01) in colonic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1-β (IL-1β), and IL-6 levels as well as the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after treatment compared with the colitis control group. The histopathological study also confirms the foregoing findings. Treatment with B. sensitivum was also able to inhibit the activation and translocation of transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits (p65/p50). CONCLUSION These results suggest that B. sensitivum exhibits protective effect against acetic acid-induced UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University , Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu , India
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Azadmehr A, Latifi R, Mosalla S, Hajiaghaee R, Shahnazi M. Immunomodulatory effects of Ziziphora tenuior L. extract on the dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:63. [PMID: 25227582 PMCID: PMC4172836 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-014-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Ziziphora tenuior L. (Kakuti in Persian) is used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders as carminative and analgesic plant. The other usages of this plant are included treatment of diarrhea and nausea. Therefore in the present study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of the ethanolic extract of this plant on the dendritic cells (DCs). Results Ziziphora tenuior L. extract significantly (p = 0.002) increased the level of surface expression of CD40 as an important co-stimulatory marker on DCs compared to the control. However this extract did not change CD86 and MHC-II molecules, so it could promote DCs phenotypic maturation. Treatment of DCs with the extract resulted in slightly increased of the production of (IL-12); however, this change was not significant. In addition, the ability of treated DCs to stimulate allogenic T cells proliferation and cytokines secretion was examined in the co-cuture of these cells with T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Z. tenuior L. at the 100 μg/ml concentration inhibited the proliferation of allogenic T cells and also significantly (P < 0.001) increased the level of IL-10. Moreover, the extract at 10–100 μg/ml concentration caused slightly increase in IFN-γ production and decreased IL-4 cytokines but these changes were not significant. Conclusions These findings indicated that Z. tenuior L. extract can modulate immune response by induction of CD40 expression on DCs and cytokine production; whereas it can inhibit T cell stimulating activity of DCs in high concentration. These findings possibly in part explain the traditional use of this plant in treatment of immune-mediated disorders. However future studies are needed.
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Lasram MM, Dhouib IB, Annabi A, El Fazaa S, Gharbi N. A review on the molecular mechanisms involved in insulin resistance induced by organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology 2014; 322:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Baghaei A, Hajimohamm N, Baeeri M, Mohammadir A, Hassani S, Abdollahi M. On the Protection of ALP Cardiovascular Toxicity by a Novel Mixed Herbal Medicine; Role of Oxidative Stress and Cellular ATP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.302.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhou K, Liu L, Shi S. Qu Feng Xuan Bi Formula attenuates anaphylactic rhinitis-asthma symptoms via reducing EOS count and regulating T cell function in rat ARA models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:568-574. [PMID: 24548751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aqueous extract of Qu Feng Xuan Bi Formula (QFXBF, a Chinese herb formula) which composed of Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, Paeonia sterniana Fletcher in Journ, Pheretima, Allium macrostemon Bunge, Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bunge and Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root has been used in treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma (ARA) as an approved hospital prescription for many years in Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of QFXBF in the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and the manners of immune modulation of T cell-associated interleukin (IL-4 and IL-13) in rat ARA models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty SD male rats were divided into five groups: not treated group, OVA only group (treated only with OVA), dexamethasone (DXM) group, low dose QFXBF group and high dose QFXBF group randomly (n=10 per group). Rat allergic rhinitis and asthma model was developed by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and nose infusion. Pathological changes of nasal tissue and lungs were examined by H&E staining. Gene expressions of TLR9, Stat 3, Jak-1 and C-Jun in nasal tissue were assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of T cell-associated interleukin (IL-4 and IL-13) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT The ARA model was successfully established. Marked EOS count was observed in BALF from ARA models. The aqueous extract of QFXBF could reduce EOS levels and increase TLR9 expression, but did not affect the gene expression of Stat-3 and Jak-1 and C-Jun. The reduction of IL-13 concentration in serum from high dose QFXBF group was observed in BALF, albeit not significantly. Despite the not treated group, serum levels of IL-4 had significantly increased in other four groups (P<0.001, n=4-6) but made higher in low dose QFXBF group and DXM group (P<0.05, n=4-6). CONCLUSION This study originally provides the evidence that the aqueous extract of Qu Feng Xuan Bi Formula alone is effective in the treatment of anaphylactic rhinitis-asthma symptoms. The extract of Qu Feng Xuan Bi Formula was effective to reduce the eosophil recruitment to the lung. In addition it increased the IL-4 concentration in the BALF and expression of TLR9 in the nasal tissue. No alteration was observed in the IL-13 concentration in the BALF and expression of STAT-3, JAK-1 and C-Jun in nasal tissue. The results thereby scientifically provided mechanism of these aqueous extract of QFXBF in improvement of ARA and supported its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Suofang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Pakniyat E, Mousavi M. Improvement of GC-MS Analysis of Shahrbabak ZiziphoratenuiorEssential Oil by Using Multivariate Curve Resolution Approaches. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Toxicological and pharmacological concerns on oxidative stress and related diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:442-55. [PMID: 24121054 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical are generated as the natural byproduct of normal oxygen metabolism, they can create oxidative damage via interaction with bio-molecules. The role of oxidative stress as a remarkable upstream part is frequently reported in the signaling cascade of inflammation as well as chemo attractant production. Even though hydrogen peroxide can control cell signaling and stimulate cell proliferation at low levels, in higher concentrations it can initiate apoptosis and in very high levels may create necrosis. So far, the role of ROS in cellular damage and death is well documented with implicating in a broad range of degenerative alterations e.g. carcinogenesis, aging and other oxidative stress related diseases (OSRDs). Reversely, it is cleared that antioxidants are potentially able to suppress (at least in part) the immune system and to enhance the normal cellular protective responses to tissue damage. In this review, we aimed to provide insights on diverse OSRDs, which are correlated with the concept of oxidative stress as well as its cellular effects that can be inhibited by antioxidants. Resveratrol, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, nebivolol and carvedilol, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, and plant-derived drugs (alone or combined) are the potential medicines that can be used to control OSRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Saeidnia
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Rahimi R, Baghaei A, Baeeri M, Amin G, Shams-Ardekani MR, Khanavi M, Abdollahi M. Promising effect of Magliasa, a traditional Iranian formula, on experimental colitis on the basis of biochemical and cellular findings. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1901-11. [PMID: 23569335 PMCID: PMC3613105 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i12.1901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Magliasa, a traditional Iranian formula, on experimental colitis.
METHODS: After botanical authentication of herbal ingredients, formulation of Magliasa, quantitative determination of total glucosinolates and total phenolic content, and analysis of the thin layer chromatography profile were performed. Colitis was then induced in male rats by instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in all groups, aside from the Sham group. The experimental groups consisted of: the Sham group that received only normal saline; the Mag-50, Mag-100 and Mag-200 groups, which received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg per day of Magliasa, respectively; the control group, which received vehicle water orally; the infliximab group, which received infliximab (5 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously); and the Dexa group, which received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg per day, orally). After completing the treatment period (2 wk), the rats were sacrificed, the colon was removed, its macroscopic and microscopic changes were recorded, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), total antioxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed in colon homogenate.
RESULTS: The mean value of total glucosinolates in one gram of Magliasa was 19 ± 1 μmol. The mean value of the total phenolic content was 293.8 ± 17.6 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 gram of Magliasa. Macroscopic scores were significantly decreased in Mag-100 (1.80 ± 0.58, P = 0.019) and Mag-200 (1.20 ± 0.20, P = 0.001) compared to the control group (3.40 ± 0.24), although some inflammation and hyperemia were evident. Treatment of rats by dexamethasone (0.33 ± 0.21, P < 0.001) and infliximab (0.83 ± 0.31, P < 0.001) remarkably attenuated scores where mild hyperemia was observed macroscopically. In comparison to the control group (4.00 ± 0.32), only Mag-200 (1.60 ± 0.40) showed a significant decrease in colonic histopathological scores (P = 0.005). Minimal mucosal inflammation was observed in the Dexa group (0.67 ± 0.21, P < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MPO were significantly lower in all groups compared to the controls (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in LPO was seen in the Mag-200 (3.27 ± 0.77, P = 0.01) and Dexa (3.44 ± 0.22, P = 0.011) groups in comparison to the control group (6.43 ± 0.61). Only dexamethasone caused a significant increase in antioxidant power in comparison to the control group (346.73 ± 9.9 vs 228.33 ± 2.75, P < 0.001). Infliximab and different doses of Magliasa did not show any remarkable increase in antioxidant capacity (P > 0.05). The effect of Magliasa in all of mentioned parameters, except antioxidant capacity, was dose dependent.
CONCLUSION: The effects of Magliasa in TNBS-induced colitis are encouraging and warrant clinical trials for further confirmation.
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Abdolghaff A, Nikfar S, Rahimi H, Abdollahi M. A Comprehensive Review of Antibiotics in Clinical Trials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.596.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rezvanfar M, Rezvanfar M, Ahmadi A, Shojaei-Saadi H, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Molecular mechanisms of a novel selenium-based complementary medicine which confers protection against hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary. Theriogenology 2012; 78:620-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rastegarpanah M, Malekzadeh R, Vahedi H, Mohammadi M, Elahi E, Chaharmahali M, Safarnavadeh T, Abdollahi M. A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of silymarin in ulcerative colitis. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 21:902-6. [PMID: 22528757 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of silymarin in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. METHODS A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 80 UC patients whose disease had been documented and were in remission state between September 2009 and October 2010. Patients were assigned to silymarin group (42 cases) and placebo group (38 cases) using a random number table. Either silymarin (140 mg) or placebo (lactose mono-hydrate, corn starch magnesium stearate) tablets were given once daily for 6 months along with their standard therapy. The efficacies were assessed by disease activity index (DAI), frequency difference of the disease flare-up, and paraclinical data. RESULTS Ten patients (4 in the silymarin group due to nausea and 6 in the placebo group due to disease flare-up and abdominal pain) discontinued the study. An improvement in hemoglobin level (11.8±1.6 g/dL vs. 13.4±1.2 g/dL,P<0.05) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (23.7±11.5 mm/h vs.10.8±3.2 mm/h,P<0.05) was observed in the silymarin group but not in the placebo group. DAI significantly decreased in the silymarin group and reached from 11.3±3.5 to 10.7±2.8 (P<0.05). Thirty-five out of 38 patients in the silymarin group were in complete remission with no flare-up after 6 months as compared to 21 out of 32 patients in the placebo group (P=0.5000). CONCLUSION Silymarin as a natural supplement may be used in UC patients to maintain remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Rastegarpanah
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoun Vahedi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Elahi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghedi Chaharmahali
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safarnavadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Patil MVK, Kandhare AD, Bhise SD. Effect of aqueous extract of Cucumis sativus Linn. fruit in ulcerative colitis in laboratory animals. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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28
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Gaida JE, Bagge J, Purdam C, Cook J, Alfredson H, Forsgren S. Evidence of the TNF-a System in the Human Achilles Tendon: Expression of TNF-a and TNF Receptor at both Protein and mRNA Levels in the Tenocytes. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:339-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000335475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Genc Z, Yarat A, Tunali-Akbay T, Sener G, Cetinel S, Pisiriciler R, Caliskan-Ak E, Altıntas A, Demirci B. The Effect of Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) Seed Oil on Experimental Colitis in Rats. J Med Food 2011; 14:1554-61. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Genc
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sule Cetinel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Pisiriciler
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Caliskan-Ak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Altıntas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Betul Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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30
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Mostafalou S, Eghbal MA, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Biochemical evidence on the potential role of organophosphates in hepatic glucose metabolism toward insulin resistance through inflammatory signaling and free radical pathways. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:840-51. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711425073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies show that organophosphate pesticides exert several effects on glucose homeostasis. The current study investigates the influence of subchronic exposure to malathion (MT) on hepatic gluconeogenesis in relation to acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the rat. MT was administered by gavage at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 32 days. Fasting hyperglycemia was seen in line with an increased activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phosphatase and tumor necrosis factor α. In addition to the impaired glucose tolerance and inhibition of AChE in a dose-dependent manner, there were significant increases in hepatic lipid peroxidation, carbonyl groups and 8-deoxyguanosine as the biomarkers of reactive oxygen species–mediated damage to lipid, protein and DNA, respectively. Altered quality of the liver in glucose production especially gluconeogenesis could be a compensatory mechanism against MT toxicity or even result in tissue damage. MT-induced insulin resistance in the liver occurs through oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Rezvanfar MA, Rezvanfar MA, Ahmadi A, Saadi HAS, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Mechanistic links between oxidative/nitrosative stress and tumor necrosis factor alpha in letrozole-induced murine polycystic ovary:. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 31:887-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111426589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between ovarian functionality and the oxidative response during cystogenesis induced by hyperandrogenization with letrozole and examine protective effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), in polycystic ovary (PCO). Ovarian cysts were induced by oral administration of letrozol (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 consecutive days in the female rats. Effective dose of PIO (20 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally for 21 days. Serum estradiol (E), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and the ovarian immunomodulator prostaglandin E (PGE) were analyzed as biomarkers of ovarian function. To determine the role of oxidative stress in PCO, the level of cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxynitrite (ONOO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a marker of inflammation and apoptosis were measured in serum and the ovaries. Letrozole-induced PCO in rats exhibited a significant increase in LPO and ONOO in serum and ovary while significantly decreased serum and ovarian SOD, CAT, and GPx. Serum T and TNF-α, and ovarian PGE were increased in animals with cysts compared with healthy controls, while E and P diminished. When compared to control group, letrozole-treated group showed irregular sexual cycles, polycystic ovaries characterized by high incidence of sub-capsular ovarian cyst with diminished or scant granulosa cell layer, increased number of atretic pre-antral and antral follicles and absence of corpus luteum. There were almost no primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles observed in PCO rats. All measured parameters were improved by PIO and reached close to normal levels. The present study further supports the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress and infiammatory responses in the pathogenesis of letrozole-induced hyperandrogenic PCO rats. Results indicate that PIO is able to exert direct antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on the endocrine, biochemical, and pathological alterations independent of its possible effects mediated via increased insulin sensitivity in hyperandrogenized PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MA Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ahmadi
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran
| | - HA Shojaei Saadi
- Production Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Saadatzadeh A, Atyabi F, Fazeli MR, Dinarvand R, Jamalifar H, Abdolghaffari AH, Mahdaviani P, Mahbod M, Baeeri M, Baghaei A, Mohammadirad A, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and pathological evidences on the benefit of a new biodegradable nanoparticles of probiotic extract in murine colitis. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:589-98. [PMID: 21771055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of probiotics in the management of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been approved in the recent years. In the present work, the efficacy of a new biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) of encapsulated and lyophilized probiotic extract (LPE) was examined in murine colitis. Colitis was induced by rectal instillation of trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid to male Wistar rats. The safety and effective dose of LPE was determined in a pilot study. To ease delivery into colon, LPE was encapsulated in chitosan-coated-poly (lactide co glycolide acid) NPs. After induction of colitis, animals in different groups received test compound in three doses by gavage for 10 days. Groups of sham, control (saline), and standard (dexamethasone) were also assigned. Colonic pathological examination, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin (IL)-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were performed. LPE at all doses (273, 545, and 1100 mg/kg) had positive effects in reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPO, and MPO in a dose-dependent manner. The formulated compound containing medium dose of LPE was more efficient in mitigating the experimental colitis in comparison with that of high-dose LPE. It is concluded that LPE and its nanoparticle-encapsulated form are very much effective in control of colitis. Regarding safety of this compound, further studies can be conducted in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrooz Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Rastegarpa M, Omidzohour N, Vahedi H, Malekzadeh R, Hashemian F, Safarnavad T, Abdollahi M. Management of Human Ulcerative Colitis by SaturexTM: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.516.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Pawar P, Gilda S, Sharma S, Jagtap S, Paradkar A, Mahadik K, Ranjekar P, Harsulkar A. Rectal gel application of Withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Altern Ther Health Med 2011; 11:34. [PMID: 21527003 PMCID: PMC3103490 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is marked with chronic inflammation of intestinal epithelium driven by oxidative stress. Traditional treatments with plant extracts gained renewed interest due to their ability to ameliorate the multi factorial conditions like inflammation. We investigated the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in Trinitro Benzyl Sulfonic Acid (TNBS) induced experimental IBD through a rectally applicable formulation. Methods The study included (i) preparation of gel formulation from aqueous Withania somnifera root extract (WSRE), (ii) biochemical assays to determine its performance potential, (iii) testing of formulation efficacy in TNBS-induced IBD rat model, and (iv) histo-patholgical studies to assess its healing and muco-regenerative effect in IBD-induced rats. For this purpose, concentration dependant antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated using biochemical assays like (a) inhibition of lipid peroxidation, (b) NO scavenging, (c) H2O2 scavenging, and (d) ferric reducing power assay. Results The extract, at 500 μg/ml, the highest concentration tested, showed 95.6% inhibition of lipid peroxidation, 14.8% NO scavenging, 81.79% H2O2 scavenging and a reducing capacity of 0.80. The results were comparable with standard antioxidants, ascorbic acid and curcumin. WSRE treatment positively scored on histopathological parameters like necrosis, edema, neutrophil infiltration. The post treatment intestinal features showed restoration at par with the healthy intestine. In view of these results, gel formulation containing an aqueous extract of W. somnifera, prepared for rectal application was tested for its anti-inflammatory activity in TNBS-induced rat models for IBD. Commercially available anti-inflammatory drug Mesalamine was used as the standard in this assay. Conclusions Dose of the rectal gel applied at 1000 mg of WSRE per kg rat weight showed significant muco-restorative efficacy in the IBD-induced rats, validated by histo-pathological studies.
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Isik F, Tunali Akbay T, Yarat A, Genc Z, Pisiriciler R, Caliskan-Ak E, Cetinel S, Altıntas A, Sener G. Protective effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:721-30. [PMID: 20658190 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on rats with colitis. METHODS Experimental colitis was induced with 1 mL trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in 40% ethanol by intracolonic administration with 8-cm-long cannula under ether anesthesia to rats in colitis group and colitis + black cumin oil group. Rats in the control group were given saline at the same volume by intracolonic administration. Black cumin oil (BCO, Origo "100% natural Black Cumin Seed Oil," Turkey) was given to colitis + black cumin oil group by oral administration during 3 days, 5 min after colitis induction. Saline was given to control and colitis groups at the same volume by oral administration. At the end of the experiment, macroscopic lesions were scored and the degree of oxidant damage was evaluated by colonic total protein, sialic acid, malondialdehyde, and glutathione levels, collagen content, and tissue factor, superoxide dismutase, and myeloperoxidase activities. Tissues were also examined by histological and cytological analysis. Proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6], lactate dehydrogenase activity, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels were analyzed in blood samples. RESULTS We found that black cumin oil decreased the proinflammatory cytokines, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, and cholesterol, which were increased in colitis. CONCLUSIONS BCO, by preventing inflammatory status in the blood, partly protected colonic tissue against experimental ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Isik
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, Nisantası, 34365, Istanbul, Turkey.
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36
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Miroliaee AE, Esmaily H, Vaziri-Bami A, Baeeri M, Shahverdi AR, Abdollahi M. Amelioration of experimental colitis by a novel nanoselenium-silymarin mixture. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:200-8. [PMID: 21247366 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.547887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silymarin has intracellular antioxidant property and inhibits activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in low concentrations and reduces tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 levels, cyclooxygenase (COX), and angiogenesis. Selenium is one of the necessary trace element nutrients for human and animals. Selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) have more bioavailability with less toxicity. AIMS To investigate the combination effect of silymarin and nano-Se on inhibition of NF-κB, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the experimental colitis. METHODS Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis. After TNBS instillation, rats were distributed into six groups, containing silymarin and nano-Se alone or in combination, dexamethasone, negative control with no treatment and the last one was normal sham rats. All drugs were administered for 7 days. Colon samples were scored macroscopically and microscopically. The levels of activated NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC), and the antioxidant power of the colon homogenates were determined. RESULT A significant decrease in NF-κB activity in treated groups was observed. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, lipid peroxidation, and PC were reduced and an improvement in antioxidant power of treated groups was seen. Combination of silymarin and nano-Se were more effective than each one alone in improvement of NF-κB, TNF-α, antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation values, although this difference was not significant in other factors. CONCLUSION Co-administration of silymarin and nano-Se with a good antioxidant profile and inhibition of NF-κB is a possible candidate for better management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ebrahim Miroliaee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Montrose DC, Horelik NA, Madigan JP, Stoner GD, Wang LS, Bruno RS, Park HJ, Giardina C, Rosenberg DW. Anti-inflammatory effects of freeze-dried black raspberry powder in ulcerative colitis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 32:343-50. [PMID: 21098643 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa that can dramatically increase the risk of colon cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a dietary intervention of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB), a natural food product with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, on disease severity in an experimental mouse model of UC using 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet or a diet containing BRB (5 or 10%) for 7-14 days and then the extent of colonic injury was assessed. Dietary BRB markedly reduced DSS-induced acute injury to the colonic epithelium. This protection included better maintenance of body mass and reductions in colonic shortening and ulceration. BRB treatment, however, did not affect the levels of either plasma nitric oxide or colon malondialdehyde, biomarkers of oxidative stress that are otherwise increased by DSS-induced colonic injury. BRB treatment for up to 7 days suppressed tissue levels of several key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β. Further examination of the inflammatory response by western blot analysis revealed that 7 day BRB treatment reduced the levels of phospho-IκBα within the colonic tissue. Colonic cyclooxygenase 2 levels were also dramatically suppressed by BRB treatment, with a concomitant decrease in the plasma prostaglandin E₂ (276 versus 34 ng/ml). These findings demonstrate a potent anti-inflammatory effect of BRB during DSS-induced colonic injury, supporting its possible therapeutic or preventive role in the pathogenesis of UC and related neoplastic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Montrose
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Colon Cancer Prevention Program, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Shafiee H, Mohammadi H, Rezayat SM, Hosseini A, Baeeri M, Hassani S, Mohammadirad A, Bayrami Z, Abdollahi M. Prevention of malathion-induced depletion of cardiac cells mitochondrial energy and free radical damage by a magnetic magnesium-carrying nanoparticle. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:538-43. [PMID: 20919798 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.518173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work was designed to examine the effect of a new (25)Mg(2+)-carrying nanoparticle (PMC16) on energy and oxidative stress parameters inside the heart of the rats exposed to acute mild toxic dose of malathion, a widely used organophosphate. Post a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of malathion (0.25 of LD50), PMC16 at different doses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 of LD50) was administered intravenously (iv) as a supplement to standard therapy of atropine and pralidoxime. MgSO(4) was used as another supplement for comparison with PMC16. Oxidative stress biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), ATP/ADP ratio, and Mg in the cardiac cells were determined. Results indicated a significant increase in LPO, ROS, ADP/ATP ratio, and a decrease in Mg post-malathion poisoning in comparison to controls. All of these parameters were improved by use of standard therapy either with MgSO4 or various doses of PMC16. The activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx did not change significantly in the present acute malathion poisoning model and neither MgSO(4) or PMC16 had no considerable improvement on these parameters. Comparing groups that received normal Mg and those of various doses of PMC16, a significant difference was found with the PMC16 (0.2 LD50) group. PMC16 0.2 reduced cardiac cells LPO and ROS of Mal-exposed animals rather than that of MgSO4. PMC16 0.2 was also significantly better than MgSO(4) in improving MAL-induced changes in ADP/ATP ratio and also intracellular Mg levels. This study illustrates that malathion-induced cardiac cells toxicity is improved by administration of Mg as a result of increasing cardiac ATP through active transport of Mg inside the cells. Finally, the results of this study support positive effects of this magnetic Mg nanoparticle carrier but do not confirm its absolute efficacy that remains to be explored by further tests in different animal models and organs before moving to a phase I human trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Shafiee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University
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Abdolghaffari AH, Baghaei A, Moayer F, Esmaily H, Baeeri M, Monsef-Esfahani HR, Hajiaghaee R, Abdollahi M. On the benefit of Teucrium in murine colitis through improvement of toxic inflammatory mediators. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:287-95. [PMID: 20144954 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110361754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the role of free radicals in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we were interested to investigate the effects of Teucrium persicum with approved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in an experimental model of colitis. Immunologic colitis was induced by rectal administration of a mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol through rubber cannula into rats. Three different doses of Teucrium (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were gavaged in a duration of 10 days to rats. Endpoint markers of colitis included macroscopic and microscopic examination of colon tissue and measuring colonic cells concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interlukin-1beta (IL-1beta), total antioxidant power as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation as thiobarbitoric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Teucrium at all doses improved both macroscopic and histological damages of rats with colitis. Teucrium reduced colonic MPO activity and concentrations of cellular lipid peroxides, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, with a concomitant increase in FRAP value in rats with colitis. It is concluded that beneficial effects of Teucrium in experimental colitis is mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Examination of this herbal medicine in patients with IBD as a supplement would further reveal the potential of Teucrium.
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