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Karabıyık Acar Ö, Bozdağ G, Hacıhasanoğlu E, Tuncer AA, Aysan E, Torun Köse G. Optimizing decellularization protocols for human thyroid tissues: a step towards tissue engineering and transplantation. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045034. [PMID: 38857607 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is caused by insufficient stimulation or disruption of the thyroid. However, the drawbacks of thyroid transplantation have led to the search for new treatments. Decellularization allows tissue transplants to maintain their biomimetic structures while preserving cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study aimed to decellularize human thyroid tissues using a structure-preserving optimization strategy and present preliminary data on recellularization. Nine methods were used for physical and chemical decellularization. Quantitative and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to investigate the DNA and extracellular matrix components of the tissues. Biomechanical properties were determined by compression test, and cell viability was examined after seeding MDA-T32 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cells onto the decellularized tissues. Decellularized tissues exhibited a notable decrease (<50 ng mg-1DNA, except for Groups 2 and 7) compared to the native thyroid tissue. Nonetheless, collagen and glycosaminoglycans were shown to be conserved in all decellularized tissues. Laminin and fibronectin were preserved at comparatively higher levels, and Young's modulus was elevated when decellularization included SDS. It was observed that the strain value in Group 1 (1.63 ± 0.14 MPa) was significantly greater than that in the decellularized tissues between Groups 2-9, ranging from 0.13 ± 0.03-0.72 ± 0.29 MPa. Finally, viability assessment demonstrated that PTC cells within the recellularized tissue groups successfully attached to the 3D scaffolds and sustained metabolic activity throughout the incubation period. We successfully established a decellularization optimization for human thyroid tissues, which has potential applications in tissue engineering and transplantation research. Our next goal is to conduct recellularization using the methods utilized in Group 1 and transplant the primary thyroid follicular cell-seeded tissues into anin vivoanimal model, particularly due to their remarkable 3D structural preservation and cell adhesion-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Karabıyık Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülnihal Bozdağ
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ezgi Hacıhasanoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - A Alperen Tuncer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erhan Aysan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Torun Köse
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Mahdian M, Tabatabai TS, Abpeikar Z, Rezakhani L, Khazaei M. Nerve regeneration using decellularized tissues: challenges and opportunities. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1295563. [PMID: 37928728 PMCID: PMC10620322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1295563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, the decellularization of organs and tissues as a biological scaffold plays a critical role in the repair of neurodegenerative diseases. Various protocols for cell removal can distinguish the effects of treatment ability, tissue structure, and extracellular matrix (ECM) ability. Despite considerable progress in nerve regeneration and functional recovery, the slow regeneration and recovery potential of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge. The success of neural tissue engineering is primarily influenced by composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The primary objective of restorative techniques is to guide existing axons properly toward the distal end of the damaged nerve and the target organs. However, due to the limitations of nerve autografts, researchers are seeking alternative methods with high therapeutic efficiency and without the limitations of autograft transplantation. Decellularization scaffolds, due to their lack of immunogenicity and the preservation of essential factors in the ECM and high angiogenic ability, provide a suitable three-dimensional (3D) substrate for the adhesion and growth of axons being repaired toward the target organs. This study focuses on mentioning the types of scaffolds used in nerve regeneration, and the methods of tissue decellularization, and specifically explores the use of decellularized nerve tissues (DNT) for nerve transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahdian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Sadat Tabatabai
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Allu I, Sahi AK, Koppadi M, Gundu S, Sionkowska A. Decellularization Techniques for Tissue Engineering: Towards Replicating Native Extracellular Matrix Architecture in Liver Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:518. [PMID: 37888183 PMCID: PMC10607724 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of tissue regeneration requires the utilization of a scaffold, which serves as a structural framework facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration within a physical environment. The primary aim of scaffolds in tissue engineering is to mimic the structural and functional properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the target tissue. The construction of scaffolds that accurately mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a challenging task, primarily due to the intricate structural nature and complex composition of the ECM. The technique of decellularization has gained significant attention in the field of tissue regeneration because of its ability to produce natural scaffolds by removing cellular and genetic components from the extracellular matrix (ECM) while preserving its structural integrity. The present study aims to investigate the various decellularization techniques employed for the purpose of isolating the extracellular matrix (ECM) from its native tissue. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these methods will be presented, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. The primary objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical and functional features of the native liver, as well as the prevalence and impact of liver diseases. Additionally, this study aims to identify the limitations and difficulties associated with existing therapeutic methods for liver diseases. Furthermore, the study explores the potential of tissue engineering techniques in addressing these challenges and enhancing liver performance. By investigating these aspects, this research field aims to contribute to the advancement of liver disease treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Allu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (I.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- School of Medicine, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Meghana Koppadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (I.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Shravanya Gundu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (I.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurija Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
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Nishimura Y. Current status and future prospects of decellularized kidney tissue. J Artif Organs 2023; 26:171-175. [PMID: 36138180 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-022-01366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by progressive loss of kidney function, which can result in damage to various tissues and organs. Dialysis therapy and kidney transplantation are currently the only therapeutic options available for patients with ESRD. In the case of kidney transplantation, organ shortage and high organ rejection have increased the need for novel treatment modalities. Therefore, organ regeneration employing decellularization technology has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional organ transplantation. In this technology, organs are decellularized using physical, chemical, or biological means to create a natural scaffold and foundation for cell seeding. After in vivo transplantation, this scaffold can be recellularized using stem cells or adult differentiated cells, resulting in a functional organ devoid of immune response. This review focuses on the primary agents used for renal decellularization and the current status of kidney regeneration using decellularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Course of Clinical Engineering, Kitasato Junior College of Health Hygienic Sciences, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata, 500 Kurotsuchishinden 949-7241, Japan.
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Kalwa PL, Schäffer TE. Water flow elastography - A promising tool to measure tissue stiffness during minimally invasive surgery. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 145:106004. [PMID: 37418969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties are important markers for pathological processes in tissue. Elastography techniques are therefore becoming more and more useful for diagnostics. In minimally invasive surgery (MIS), however, the probe size is limited and the handling is restricted, thereby excluding the application of most established elastography techniques. In this paper we introduce water flow elastography (WaFE) as a new technique that benefits from a small and inexpensive probe. This probe flows pressurized water against the sample surface to locally indent it. The volume of the indentation is measured with a flow meter. We use finite element simulations to find the relation between the indentation volume, the water pressure, and the Young's modulus of the sample. We used WaFE to measure the Young's modulus of silicone samples and porcine organs, finding agreement within 10% to measurements with a commercial material testing machine. Our results show that WaFE is a promising technique for providing local elastography in MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Kalwa
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Pospelov AD, Kutova OM, Efremov YM, Nekrasova AA, Trushina DB, Gefter SD, Cherkasova EI, Timofeeva LB, Timashev PS, Zvyagin AV, Balalaeva IV. Breast Cancer Cell Type and Biomechanical Properties of Decellularized Mouse Organs Drives Tumor Cell Colonization. Cells 2023; 12:2030. [PMID: 37626840 PMCID: PMC10453279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an indispensable tool for the reconstruction of organ-specific environments. Organ-derived extracellular matrices (ECM) and, especially, decellularized tissues (DCL) are recognized as the most successful biomaterials in regenerative medicine, as DCL preserves the most essential organ-specific ECM properties such as composition alongside biomechanics characterized by stiffness and porosity. Expansion of the DCL technology to cancer biology research, drug development, and nanomedicine is pending refinement of the existing DCL protocols whose reproducibility remains sub-optimal varying from organ to organ. We introduce a facile decellularization protocol universally applicable to murine organs, including liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and ovaries, with demonstrated robustness, reproducibility, high purification from cell debris, and architecture preservation, as confirmed by the histological and SEM analysis. The biomechanical properties of as-produced DCL organs expressed in terms of the local and total stiffness were measured using our facile methodology and were found well preserved in comparison with the intact organs. To demonstrate the utility of the developed DCL model to cancer research, we engineered three-dimensional tissue constructs by recellularization representative decellularized organs and collagenous hydrogel with human breast cancer cells of pronounced mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231) or epithelial (SKBR-3) phenotypes. The biomechanical properties of the DCL organs were found pivotal to determining the cancer cell fate and progression. Our histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed that the larger the ECM mean pore size and the smaller the total stiffness (as in lung and ovary), the more proliferative and invasive the mesenchymal cells became. At the same time, the low local stiffness ECMs (ranged 2.8-3.6 kPa) did support the epithelial-like SKBR-3 cells' viability (as in lung and spleen), while stiff ECMs did not. The total and local stiffness of the collagenous hydrogel was measured too low to sustain the proliferative potential of both cell lines. The observed cell proliferation patterns were easily interpretable in terms of the ECM biomechanical properties, such as binding sites, embedment facilities, and migration space. As such, our three-dimensional tissue engineering model is scalable and adaptable for pharmacological testing and cancer biology research of metastatic and primary tumors, including early metastatic colonization in native organ-specific ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton D. Pospelov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia;
| | - Olga M. Kutova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Yuri M. Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia; (Y.M.E.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Albina A. Nekrasova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia; (Y.M.E.); (A.A.N.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daria B. Trushina
- Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Sofia D. Gefter
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Elena I. Cherkasova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Lidia B. Timofeeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1, Minin and Pozharsky Sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia;
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1–3, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnology, Sechenov University, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Irina V. Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; (A.D.P.); (O.M.K.); (S.D.G.); (E.I.C.); (L.B.T.); (A.V.Z.)
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Guimaraes AB, Correia AT, da Silva RS, Dos Santos ES, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Dolhnikoff M, Maizato M, Cestari IA, Pego-Fernandes PM, Guerreiro Cardoso PF. Evaluation of Structural Viability of Porcine Tracheal Scaffolds after 3 and 6 Months of Storage under Three Different Protocols. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050584. [PMID: 37237655 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracheal replacement with a bioengineered tracheal substitute has been developed for long-segment tracheal diseases. The decellularized tracheal scaffold is an alternative for cell seeding. It is not defined if the storage scaffold produces changes in the scaffold's biomechanical properties. We tested three protocols for porcine tracheal scaffold preservation immersed in PBS and alcohol 70%, in the fridge and under cryopreservation. Ninety-six porcine tracheas (12 in natura, 84 decellularized) were divided into three groups (PBS, alcohol, and cryopreservation). Twelve tracheas were analyzed after three and six months. The assessment included residual DNA, cytotoxicity, collagen contents, and mechanical properties. Decellularization increased the maximum load and stress in the longitudinal axis and decreased the maximum load in the transverse axis. The decellularization of the porcine trachea produced structurally viable scaffolds, with a preserved collagen matrix suitable for further bioengineering. Despite the cyclic washings, the scaffolds remained cytotoxic. The comparison of the storage protocols (PBS at 4 °C, alcohol at 4 °C, and slow cooling cryopreservation with cryoprotectants) showed no significant differences in the amount of collagen and in the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds. Storage in PBS solution at 4 °C for six months did not change the scaffold mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bruning Guimaraes
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Soares da Silva
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Silva Dos Santos
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Laboratorio de Poluicao Atmosferica Experimental (LIM05), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Maizato
- Bioengenharia, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Idagene Aparecida Cestari
- Bioengenharia, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Manuel Pego-Fernandes
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco Guerreiro Cardoso
- Organ and Tissue Laboratory, LIM 61, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Instituto do Coracao do Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
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Influence of Storage Conditions on Decellularized Porcine Conjunctiva. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030350. [PMID: 36978741 PMCID: PMC10045143 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine decellularized conjunctiva (PDC) represents a promising alternative source for conjunctival reconstruction. Methods of its re-epithelialization in vitro with primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCEC) have already been established. However, a long-term storage method is required for a simplified clinical use of PDC. This study investigates the influence of several storage variants on PDC. PDC were stored in (1) phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 4 °C, (2) in glycerol-containing epithelial cell medium (EM/gly) at −80 °C and (3) in dimethyl sulfoxide-containing epithelial cell medium (EM/DMSO) at −196 °C in liquid nitrogen for two and six months, respectively. Fresh PDC served as control. Histological structure, biomechanical parameters, the content of collagen and elastin and the potential of re-epithelialization with primary HCEC under cultivation for 14 days were compared (n = 4–10). In all groups, PDC showed a well-preserved extracellular matrix without structural disruptions and with comparable fiber density (p ≥ 0.74). Collagen and elastin content were not significantly different between the groups (p ≥ 0.18; p ≥ 0.13, respectively). With the exception of the significantly reduced tensile strength of PDC after storage at −196 °C in EM/DMSO for six months (0.46 ± 0.21 MPa, p = 0.02), no differences were seen regarding the elastic modulus, tensile strength and extensibility compared to control (0.87 ± 0.25 MPa; p ≥ 0.06). The mean values of the epithelialized PDC surface ranged from 51.9 ± 8.8% (−196 °C) to 78.3 ± 4.4% (−80 °C) and did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.35). In conclusion, all examined storage methods were suitable for storing PDC for at least six months. All PDC were able to re-epithelialize, which rules out cytotoxic influences of the storage conditions and suggests preserved biocompatibility for in vivo application.
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Salti H, Kramer L, Nelz SC, Lorenz M, Breitrück A, Hofrichter J, Frank M, Schulz K, Mitzner S, Wasserkort R. Decellularization of precision-cut kidney slices-application of physical and chemical methods. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36599165 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb02e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained by decellularization provides scaffolds with the natural complex architecture and biochemical composition of the target organ. Whole kidney decellularization by perfusion uses the vasculature to remove cells leaving a scaffold that can be recellularized with patient-specific cells. However, decellularization and recellularization are highly complex processes that require intensive optimization of various parameters. In pursuit of this, a huge number of animals must be sacrificed. Therefore, we used precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a source of natural scaffolds, which were decellularized by immersion in chemical reagents allowing the examination of more parameters with less animals. However, chemical reagents have a damaging effect on the structure and components of the ECM. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of physical treatment methods on the effectiveness of PCKS decellularization by immersion in chemical reagents (CHEM). PCKS were treated physically before or during immersion in chemicals (CHEM) with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), freezing-thawing cycles (FTC) or in an ultrasonic bath system (UBS). Biochemical and DNA quantification as well as structural evaluation with conventional histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Compared to decellularization by CHEM alone, FTC treatment prior to CHEM was the most effective in reducing DNA while also preserving glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. Moreover, while UBS resulted in a comparable reduction of DNA, it was the least effective in retaining GAGs. In contrast, despite the pretreatment with HHP with pressures up to 200 MPa, it was the least effective in DNA removal. Histological scoring showed that HHP scaffolds received the best score followed by UBS, FTC and CHEM scaffolds. However further analysis with SEM demonstrated a higher deterioration of the ultrastructure in UBS scaffolds. Altogether, pretreatment with FTC prior to CHEM resulted in a better balance between DNA removal and structural preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Salti
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany
| | - Lea Kramer
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie-Charlotte Nelz
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Lorenz
- Wismar University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Wismar, Germany
| | - Anne Breitrück
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hofrichter
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Life Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karoline Schulz
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Mitzner
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Reinhold Wasserkort
- Department of Extracorporeal Therapy Systems (EXTHER), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Rostock, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Goulart E. A Review of Stem Cell Technology Targeting Hepatocyte Growth as an Alternative to Organ Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2575:181-193. [PMID: 36301476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2716-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the only feasible option for patients with progressive and/or end-stage organ degeneration is to undergo transplantation. Due to the growing unmatched demand of available organ donors and, as a consequence, the continuous growth of patients' waiting lists, the development of new tissue engineering technologies is a relevant need. In this chapter, we will focus on the liver as a model organ to discuss contemporary tissue engineering strategies. Induced pluripotent cells are an attractive alternative to serve as a cell source for tissue engineering applications due to their pluripotency, the potentiality to generate autologous transplantation, and for their high proliferation rate. Among the main liver tissue engineering technologies, 3D bioprinting, hepatic organoids, and decellularization/recellularization of biological matrixes have grown much attention as alternatives to derive functional liver grafts. Thus, this chapter will discuss how recent publications have demonstrated the use of induced pluripotent cells in the development of the aforementioned technologies. Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing biofabrication process where cells are dispersed within a matrix formulation (i.e., bioink) and extruded in a modified 3D-printer. Polymers within bioink can be cross-linked to increase stiffness. Hepatic spheroids showed greater viability and liver function, due to preserved epithelial phenotype over time. Organoid is multi-lineage tissue constructs derived from a stem cell that recapitulates the early stages of organogenesis. The influence of cellular composition of non-parenchymal cells using induced pluripotent-derived cells or primary adult cells for hepatic organoid formation was recently tested. Decellularization is a process where harvested tissues or organs are washed with a detergent-based solution, to lyse and remove all cellular components. The final product is an extracellular scaffold with preserved tissue vasculature and ultra-structure, which can be used for subsequent recellularization with recipient cells. This chapter sheds light on recent works on the use of induced pluripotent-derived cells for liver tissue engineering approaches and on how such technologies could potentially generate therapeutic alternatives for patients on waiting lists for liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Human Endothelial Cell Seeding in Partially Decellularized Kidneys. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9018074. [PMID: 35872850 PMCID: PMC9300320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9018074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The excessive demand for organ transplants has promoted the development of strategies that increase the supply of immune compatible organs, such as xenotransplantation of genetically modified pig organs and the generation of bioartificial organs. We describe a method for the partial replacement of rat endothelial cells for human endothelial cells in a rat's kidney, obtaining as a final result a rat-human bioartificial kidney. First, in order to maintain parenchymal epithelial cells and selectively eliminate rat endothelial cells, three methods were evaluated in which different solutions were perfused through the renal artery: 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.01% SDS, and hyperosmolar solutions of sucrose. Then, partially decellularized kidneys were recellularized with human endothelial cells and finally transplanted in an anesthetized rat. The solution of 0.1% SDS achieved the highest vascular decellularization but with high degree of damage in the parenchyma side. On the contrary, 0.01% SDS and hyperosmolar solutions achieved a partial degree of endothelial decellularization. TUNEL assays reveal that hyperosmolar solutions maintained a better epithelial cell viability contrasting with 0.01% SDS. Partially decellularized kidneys were then recellularized with human endothelial cells. Histological analysis showed endothelial cells attached in almost all the vascular bed. Recellularized kidney was transplanted in an anesthetized rat. After surgery, recellularized kidney achieved complete perfusion, and urine was produced for at least 90 min posttransplant. Histological analysis showed endothelial cells attached in almost all the vascular bed. Therefore, endothelial decellularization of grafts and recellularization with human endothelial cells derived from transplant recipients can be a feasible method with the aim to reduce the damage of the grafts.
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12
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Crouch DJ, Sheridan CM, Behnsen JG, Bosworth LA. An Optimized Method to Decellularize Human Trabecular Meshwork. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:194. [PMID: 35621472 PMCID: PMC9137515 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is linked to raised intraocular pressure (IOP). The trabecular meshwork (TM) plays a major role in regulating IOP by enabling outflow of aqueous humor from the eye through its complex 3D structure. A lack of therapies targeting the dysfunctional TM highlights the need to develop biomimetic scaffolds that provide 3D in vitro models for glaucoma research or as implantable devices to regenerate TM tissue. To artificially mimic the TM's structure, we assessed methods for its decellularization and outline an optimized protocol for cell removal and structural retention. Using bovine TM, we trialed 2 lysing agents-Trypsin (0.05% v/v) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH; 2% v/v). Twenty-four hours in Trypsin caused significant structural changes. Shorter exposure (2 h) reduced this disruption whilst decellularizing the tissue (dsDNA 26 ± 14 ng/mL (control 1970 ± 146 ng/mL)). In contrast, NH4OH lysed all cells (dsDNA 25 ± 21 ng/mL), and the TM structure remained intact. For human TM, 2% v/v NH4OH similarly removed cells (dsDNA 52 ± 4 ng/mL (control 1965 ± 233 ng/mL)), and light microscopy and SEM presented no structural damage. X-ray computed tomography enabled a novel 3D reconstruction of decellularized human TM and observation of the tissue's intricate architecture. This study provides a new, validated method using NH4OH to decellularize delicate human TM without compromising tissue structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J. Crouch
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Carl M. Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
| | - Julia G. Behnsen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 6GB, UK;
| | - Lucy A. Bosworth
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK;
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13
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Yang J, Dang H, Xu Y. Recent advancement of decellularization extracellular matrix for tissue engineering and biomedical application. Artif Organs 2022; 46:549-567. [PMID: 34855994 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decellularized extracellular matrixs (dECMs) derived from organs and tissues have emerged as a promising tool, as they encompass the characteristics of an ideal tissue scaffold: complex composition, vascular networks and unique tissue-specific architecture. Consequently, their use has propagated throughout tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. dECM can be easily obtained from various tissues/organs by appropriate decellularization protocolsand is entitled to provide necessary cues to cells homing. METHODS In this review, we describe the decellularization and sterilization methods that are commonly used in recent research, the effects of these methods upon biologic scaffold material are discussed. Also, we summarize the recent developments of recellularization and vascularization techniques in regeneration medicine. Additionally, dECM preservation methods is mentioned, which provides the basis for the establishment of organ bank. RESULTS Biomedical applications and the status of current research developments relating to dECM biomaterials are outlined, including transplantation in vivo, disease models and drug screening, organoid, 3D bioprinting, tissue reconstruction and rehabilitation and cell transplantation and culture. Finally, critical challenges and future developing technologies are discussed. CONCLUSIONS With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, dECM will have broader applications in the field of biomedicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Yang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Yang S, Zheng L, Chen Z, Jiao Z, Liu T, Nie Y, Kang Y, Pan B, Song K. Decellularized Pig Kidney with a Micro-Nano Secondary Structure Contributes to Tumor Progression in 3D Tumor Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051935. [PMID: 35269166 PMCID: PMC8911967 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In spite of many anti-cancer drugs utilized in clinical treatment, cancer is still one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide, owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Compared with conventional 2D tumor models, 3D scaffolds could provide structures and a microenvironment which stimulate native tumor tissues more accurately. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main component of the cell in the microenvironment that is mainly composed of three-dimensional nanofibers, which can form nanoscale fiber networks, while the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely applied to engineered scaffolds. In this study, pig kidney was used as the source material to prepare dECM scaffolds. A chemical crosslinking method was used to improve the mechanical properties and other physical characteristics of the decellularized pig kidney-derived scaffold. Furthermore, a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used to further investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffold to fabricate a tumor model. The results showed that the existence of nanostructures in the scaffold plays an important role in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, the pig kidney-derived matrix scaffold prepared by decellularization could provide more cell attachment sites, which is conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation, physiological activities, and tumor model construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Le Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Zilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Zeren Jiao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX 77843-3122, USA;
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 467 Zhongshan Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Z.C.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.K.); (B.P.); (K.S.)
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15
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Moffat D, Ye K, Jin S. Decellularization for the retention of tissue niches. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221101151. [PMID: 35620656 PMCID: PMC9128068 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization of natural tissues to produce extracellular matrix is a promising method for three-dimensional scaffolding and for understanding microenvironment of the tissue of interest. Due to the lack of a universal standard protocol for tissue decellularization, recent investigations seek to develop novel methods for whole or partial organ decellularization capable of supporting cell differentiation and implantation towards appropriate tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive and updated perspective on the most recent advances in decellularization strategies for a variety of organs and tissues, highlighting techniques of chemical, physical, biological, enzymatic, or combinative-based methods to remove cellular contents from tissues. In addition, the review presents modernized approaches for improving standard decellularization protocols for numerous organ types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana Moffat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, USA
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16
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Campagnoli E, Ballatore A, Giaretto V, Anselmino M. Calorimetric analysis of ice onset temperature during cryoablation: a model approach to identify early predictors of effective applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15798. [PMID: 34349185 PMCID: PMC8339075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present study is to analyze thermal events occurring during cryoablation. Different bovine liver samples underwent freezing cycles at different cooling rate (from 0.0075 to 25 K/min). Ice onset temperature and specific latent heat capacity of the ice formation process were measured according to differential scanning calorimetry signals. A computational model of the thermal events occurring during cryoablation was compiled using Neumann's analytical solution. Latent heat (#1 = 139.8 ± 7.4 J/g, #2 = 147.8 ± 7.9 J/g, #3 = 159.0 ± 4.1 J/g) of all liver samples was independent of the ice onset temperature, but linearly dependent on the water content. Ice onset temperature was proportional to the logarithm of the cooling rate in the range 5 ÷ 25 K/min (#3a = - 12.2 °C, #3b = - 16.2 °C, #3c = - 6.6 °C at 5K/min; #3a = - 16.5 °C, #3b = - 19.3 °C, #3c = - 11.6 °C at 25 K/min). Ice onset temperature was associated with both the way in which the heat involved into the phase transition was delivered and with the thermal gradient inside the tissue. Ice onset temperature should be evaluated in the early phase of the ablation to tailor cryoenergy delivery. In order to obtain low ice trigger temperatures and consequent low ablation temperatures a high cooling rate is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ballatore
- Division of Cardiology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino" Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Anselmino
- Division of Cardiology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino" Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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17
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Ekiert M, Karbowniczek J, Stachewicz U, Mlyniec A. The effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the viscoelastic properties and microstructure of bovine superficial digital flexor tendon. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104582. [PMID: 34090220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The most common injuries of the human musculoskeletal system are related to soft tissue structures such as tendons or ligaments. To repair torn structures, surgical intervention and application of a biological or synthetic graft may be required. A typical procedure for the processing, storage, and distribution of soft tissue grafts involves at least two freezing/thawing (F/T) cycles. Even though repeated F/T cycles decrease the mechanical performance and change the structure of tendons, it is unclear whether there exists a maximum number of F/T cycles above which tendons should not be approved for use as a tissue allograft. To fill this research gap, we present an ex vivo study on the effects of repetitive F/T cycles on the biomechanical stability of bovine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue. Using mechanical testing supported with scanning electron microscopy imaging, we show that multiple F/T cycles affect the viscoelastic and structural properties of tissue by significantly reducing its tensile modulus after the 3rd or 4th F/T cycle (depending on the strain range), stress drop during relaxation after the 8th F/T cycle (regardless the strain values), mechanical hysteresis after the 10th F/T cycle, and by causing a significant decrease in collagen fibril diameter. Our results provide a deeper insight into understanding the mechanisms responsible for tissue damage during multiple F/T cycles, and thus, may be useful for the future optimization of tissue storage protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Ekiert
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanics and Robotics, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Karbowniczek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mlyniec
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanics and Robotics, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Rabbani M, Zakian N, Alimoradi N. Contribution of Physical Methods in Decellularization of Animal Tissues. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2021; 11:1-11. [PMID: 34026585 PMCID: PMC8043117 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are frequently used for clinical purposes of tissue regeneration. Different methods have been developed for this purpose. All methods of decellularization including chemical and physical approaches leave some damage on the ECM; however, the effects of these methods are different which make some of these procedures more proper to maintain ECM structure than other methods. This review is aimed to introduce and compare new physical methods for the decellularization of different tissues and organs in tissue engineering. All recent reports and research that have used at least one physical method in the procedure of decellularization, were included and evaluated in this paper. The advantages and drawbacks of each method were examined and compared considering the effectiveness. This review tried to highlight the prospective potentials and benefits of applying physical methods for decellularization protocols in tissue engineering instead of the current chemical methods. These chemical methods are harsh in nature and were shown to be destructive and harmful to essential substances of ECM and scaffold structure. Therefore, using physical methods as a partial or even a whole protocol could save time, costs, and quality of the final acellular tissue in complicated decellularization procedures. Moreover, regarding the control factor that could be achieved easily with physical methods, optimization of different decellularization protocols would be quite satisfactory. Combined methods take advantage of both chemical and physical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rabbani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Zakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Alimoradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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The Renal Extracellular Matrix as a Supportive Scaffold for Kidney Tissue Engineering: Progress and Future Considerations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1345:103-118. [PMID: 34582017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, diverse methods have been used toward renal tissue engineering in order to replace renal function. The goals of all these techniques included the recapitulation of renal filtration, re-absorptive, and secretary functions, and replacement of endocrine/metabolic activities. It is also imperative to develop a reliable, up scalable, and timely manufacturing process. Decellularization of the kidney with intact ECM is crucial for in-vivo compatibility and targeted clinical application. Contemporarily there is an increasing interest and research in the field of regenerative medicine including stem cell therapy and tissue bioengineering in search for new and reproducible sources of kidneys. In this chapter, we sought to determine the most effective method of renal decellularization and recellularization with emphasis on biologic composition and support of stem cell growth. Current barriers and limitations of bioengineered strategies will be also discussed, and strategies to overcome these are suggested.
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20
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Hu D, Zhang D, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Shen L, Long C, Zhang D, Liu X, Lin T, He D, Xu T, Timashev P, Butnaru D, Zhang Y, Wei G. Human ucMSCs seeded in a decellularized kidney scaffold attenuate renal fibrosis by reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:192-201. [PMID: 31896126 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis occurs largely through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study explored the beneficial effects of a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded decellularized kidney scaffold (ucMSC-DKS) on renal fibrosis in a rodent model of post-transplantation renal failure, and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Rat-derived DKSs were examined after preparation, and then recellularized with human ucMSCs to prepare cell-loaded patches. A rat model of renal failure was established after subtotal nephrectomy (STN). The cell patches were transplanted to remnant kidneys. Changes in renal function, histology, EMT, and proteins related to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in the remnant kidneys were examined 8 weeks after surgery, compared with non-cell patch controls. RESULTS The DKSs were acellular and porous, with rich cytokine and major extracellular matrix components. The ucMSCs were distributed uniformly in the DKSs. Renal function was improved, renal fibrosis and EMT were reduced, and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was inhibited compared with controls at 8 weeks after ucMSC-DKS patch transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The ucMSC-DKS restores renal function and reduces fibrosis by reducing EMT via the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in rats that have undergone STN. It provides an alternative for renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Deying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihang Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Bio-manufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Street, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Butnaru
- Research Institute for Uronephrology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China.
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21
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Feng H, Xu Y, Luo S, Dang H, Liu K, Sun WQ. Evaluation and preservation of vascular architectures in decellularized whole rat kidneys. Cryobiology 2020; 95:72-79. [PMID: 32526236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage organ failure. Due to the severe shortage of transplantable organs, only a tiny fraction of patients may receive timely organ transplantation every year. Decellularization-recellularization technology using allogeneic and xenogeneic organs is currently conceived to be a promising solution to generate functionally transplantable organs in vitro. This approach, however, still faces tremendous technological challenges, one of them being the ability to evaluate and preserve the integrity of vascular architectures upon decellularization and cryostorage of the whole organ matrices so that the off-the-shelf organ grafts are available on demand for clinical applications. In the present study, we report a Micro-CT imaging method for evaluating the integrity of vasculature of the decellularized whole organ scaffolds with/without freezing/thawing. The method uses radiopaque Microfil perfusion and x-ray fluoroscopy to acquire high-resolution angiography of the organ matrix. The whole rat kidney is decellularized using a new multistep perfusion protocol with the combined use of Triton X-100 and DNase. The decellularized kidney matrix is then cryopreserved after the pretreatment with different cryoprotectant solutions. The reconstructed tomographic images from Micro-CT confirm various structural alterations in the vasculature of the whole decellularized kidney matrix with/without frozen storage. The freezing damage to the vascular architectures can be reduced by perfusing cryoprotectant solutions into the whole kidney matrix. Ice-free cryopreservation with the vitrification solution VS83 can successfully preserve the integrity of the whole kidney matrix's vasculature after frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikao Feng
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Sichang Luo
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Wendell Q Sun
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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22
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Moulisová V, Jiřík M, Schindler C, Červenková L, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Arlt J, Bolek L, Šůsová S, Nietzsche S, Liška V, Dahmen U. Novel morphological multi-scale evaluation system for quality assessment of decellularized liver scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420921121. [PMID: 32523667 PMCID: PMC7257850 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420921121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized scaffolds can serve as an excellent three-dimensional environment for cell repopulation. They maintain tissue-specific microarchitecture of extracellular matrix proteins with important spatial cues for cell adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation. However, criteria for quality assessment of the three-dimensional structure of decellularized scaffolds are rather fragmented, usually study-specific, and mostly semi-quantitative. Thus, we aimed to develop a robust structural assessment system for decellularized porcine liver scaffolds. Five scaffolds of different quality were used to establish the new evaluation system. We combined conventional semi-quantitative scoring criteria with a quantitative scaffold evaluation based on automated image analysis. For the quantitation, we developed a specific open source software tool (ScaffAn) applying algorithms designed for texture analysis, segmentation, and skeletonization. ScaffAn calculates selected parameters characterizing structural features of porcine liver scaffolds such as the sinusoidal network. After evaluating individual scaffolds, the total scores predicted scaffold interaction with cells in terms of cell adhesion. Higher scores corresponded to higher numbers of cells attached to the scaffolds. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the conventional system could not identify fine differences between good quality scaffolds while the additional use of ScaffAn allowed discrimination. This led us to the conclusion that only using the combined score resulted in the best discrimination between different quality scaffolds. Overall, our newly defined evaluation system has the potential to select the liver scaffolds most suitable for recellularization, and can represent a step toward better success in liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimíra Moulisová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Jiřík
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Cybernetics, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Schindler
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pálek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jáchym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Janine Arlt
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukáš Bolek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Šůsová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Centre for Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Václav Liška
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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23
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Tajima K, Kuroda K, Otaka Y, Kinoshita R, Kita M, Oyamada T, Kanai K. Decellularization of canine kidney for three-dimensional organ regeneration. Vet World 2020; 13:452-457. [PMID: 32367949 PMCID: PMC7183470 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.452-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Kidney regeneration is required for dogs with end-stage renal failure. Decellularization is one of the bioengineering techniques, which involves the removal of all tissue cells and cellular components and conservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Studies in rats have shown that decellularized kidney has regenerative potential; however, there are no reports on renal decellularization in dogs. Here, we showed the decellularization of the canine kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS The renal artery of the cadaveric canine kidney was cannulated and the whole kidney was frozen at -80°C. After completely thawing, it was perfused with physiological saline and sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5%, 6 h) through the cannulated renal artery to achieve decellularization. To assess the efficiency of the decellularization protocol, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of decellularized kidney was performed. RESULTS The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining revealed that the decellularized canine kidney had no apparent cellular components. In addition, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed no visible nuclear components within the whole decellularized kidney. Therefore, both H and E and DAPI staining showed decellularization of the canine kidney. Our decellularization protocol also preserved the basement membrane of glomerulus, shown by periodic acid methenamine silver, periodic acid-Schiff, fibronectin, and collagen type IV stain. CONCLUSION Our decellularization protocol could eliminate cellular components and remaining native ECM structures of canine kidney. These results could promote further research into canine kidney regeneration, which may be the first small step to regenerate the canine kidney waiting for renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yuya Otaka
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Oyamada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
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24
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Busra MFM, Lokanathan Y. Recent Development in the Fabrication of Collagen Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 20:992-1003. [PMID: 31364511 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190731121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering focuses on developing biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve tissue functions. The three main components of its application are scaffold, cell and growthstimulating signals. Scaffolds composed of biomaterials mainly function as the structural support for ex vivo cells to attach and proliferate. They also provide physical, mechanical and biochemical cues for the differentiation of cells before transferring to the in vivo site. Collagen has been long used in various clinical applications, including drug delivery. The wide usage of collagen in the clinical field can be attributed to its abundance in nature, biocompatibility, low antigenicity and biodegradability. In addition, the high tensile strength and fibril-forming ability of collagen enable its fabrication into various forms, such as sheet/membrane, sponge, hydrogel, beads, nanofibre and nanoparticle, and as a coating material. The wide option of fabrication technology together with the excellent biological and physicochemical characteristics of collagen has stimulated the use of collagen scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications. This review describes the fabrication methods used to produce various forms of scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Mh Busra
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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25
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Qiu K, Haghiashtiani G, McAlpine MC. 3D Printed Organ Models for Surgical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:287-306. [PMID: 29589961 PMCID: PMC6082023 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Medical errors are a major concern in clinical practice, suggesting the need for advanced surgical aids for preoperative planning and rehearsal. Conventionally, CT and MRI scans, as well as 3D visualization techniques, have been utilized as the primary tools for surgical planning. While effective, it would be useful if additional aids could be developed and utilized in particularly complex procedures involving unusual anatomical abnormalities that could benefit from tangible objects providing spatial sense, anatomical accuracy, and tactile feedback. Recent advancements in 3D printing technologies have facilitated the creation of patient-specific organ models with the purpose of providing an effective solution for preoperative planning, rehearsal, and spatiotemporal mapping. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in 3D printed, patient-specific organ models with an emphasis on 3D printing material systems, integrated functionalities, and their corresponding surgical applications and implications. Prior limitations, current progress, and future perspectives in this important area are also broadly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Ghazaleh Haghiashtiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
| | - Michael C McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;
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26
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Giatsidis G, Guyette JP, Ott HC, Orgill DP. Development of a large-volume human-derived adipose acellular allogenic flap by perfusion decellularization. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 26:245-250. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giatsidis
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jacques P. Guyette
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration; Harvard Medical School-Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Harald C. Ott
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration; Harvard Medical School-Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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27
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Preservation Strategies that Support the Scale-up and Automation of Tissue Biomanufacturing. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Li N, Li Y, Gong D, Xia C, Liu X, Xu Z. Efficient decellularization for bovine pericardium with extracellular matrix preservation and good biocompatibility. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 26:768-776. [PMID: 29340634 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Xia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Lab, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Destefani AC, Sirtoli GM, Nogueira BV. Advances in the Knowledge about Kidney Decellularization and Repopulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 28620603 PMCID: PMC5451511 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by the progressive deterioration of renal function that may compromise different tissues and organs. The major treatment indicated for patients with ESRD is kidney transplantation. However, the shortage of available organs, as well as the high rate of organ rejection, supports the need for new therapies. Thus, the implementation of tissue bioengineering to organ regeneration has emerged as an alternative to traditional organ transplantation. Decellularization of organs with chemical, physical, and/or biological agents generates natural scaffolds, which can serve as basis for tissue reconstruction. The recellularization of these scaffolds with different cell sources, such as stem cells or adult differentiated cells, can provide an organ with functionality and no immune response after in vivo transplantation on the host. Several studies have focused on improving these techniques, but until now, there is no optimal decellularization method for the kidney available yet. Herein, an overview of the current literature for kidney decellularization and whole-organ recellularization is presented, addressing the pros and cons of the actual techniques already developed, the methods adopted to evaluate the efficacy of the procedures, and the challenges to be overcome in order to achieve an optimal protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrânio Côgo Destefani
- Tissue Engineering Core—LUCCAR, Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Modenesi Sirtoli
- Tissue Engineering Core—LUCCAR, Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Tissue Engineering Core—LUCCAR, Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/RENORBIO, Vitória, Brazil
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30
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Díaz-Moreno E, Durand-Herrera D, Carriel V, Martín-Piedra MÁ, Sánchez-Quevedo MDC, Garzón I, Campos A, Fernández-Valadés R, Alaminos M. Evaluation of freeze-drying and cryopreservation protocols for long-term storage of biomaterials based on decellularized intestine. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:488-500. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Díaz-Moreno
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; University of Granada Hospital Complex; Granada Spain
- PhD Programme in Clinical Medicine and Public Health; University of Granada; Spain
| | | | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - Miguel-Ángel Martín-Piedra
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - María-del-Carmen Sánchez-Quevedo
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - Ricardo Fernández-Valadés
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; University of Granada Hospital Complex; Granada Spain
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group); University of Granada; Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA); Spain
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31
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Poornejad N, Buckmiller E, Schaumann L, Wang H, Wisco J, Roeder B, Reynolds P, Cook A. Re-epithelialization of whole porcine kidneys with renal epithelial cells. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417718809. [PMID: 28758007 PMCID: PMC5513523 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417718809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized porcine kidneys were recellularized with renal epithelial cells by three methods: perfusion through the vasculature under high pressure, perfusion through the ureter under high pressure, or perfusion through the ureter under moderate vacuum. Histology, scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess vasculature preservation and the distribution of cells throughout the kidneys. Cells were detected in the magnetic resonance imaging by labeling them with iron oxide. Perfusion of cells through the ureter under moderate vacuum (40 mmHg) produced the most uniform distribution of cells throughout the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Evan Buckmiller
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Lara Schaumann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan Wisco
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Beverly Roeder
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alonzo Cook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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32
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Poornejad N, Schaumann LB, Buckmiller EM, Momtahan N, Gassman JR, Ma HH, Roeder BL, Reynolds PR, Cook AD. The impact of decellularization agents on renal tissue extracellular matrix. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:521-533. [PMID: 27312837 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216656099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The combination of patient-specific cells with scaffolds obtained from natural sources may result in improved regeneration of human tissues. Decellularization of the native tissue is the first step in this technology. Effective decellularization uses agents that lyse cells and remove all cellular materials, leaving intact collagenous extracellular matrices (ECMs). Removing cellular remnants prevents an immune response while preserving the underlying structure. In this study, the impact of five decellularization agents (0.1 N NaOH, 1% peracetic acid, 3% Triton X-100, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 0.05% trypsin/EDTA) on renal tissue was examined using slices of porcine kidneys. The NaOH solution induced the most efficient cell removal, and resulted in the highest amount of cell viability and proliferation after recellularization, although it also produced the most significant damage to collagenous fiber networks, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The SDS solution led to less severe damage to the ECM structure but it resulted in lower metabolic activity and less proliferation. Peracetic acid and Triton X-100 resulted in minimum disruption of ECMs and the most preserved GAGs and FGF. However, these last two agents were not as efficient in removing cellular materials as NaOH and SDS, especially peracetic acid, which left more than 80% of cellular material within the ECM. As a proof of principle, after completing the comparison studies using slices of renal ECM, the NaOH process was used to decellularize a whole kidney, with good results. The overall results demonstrate the significant effect of cell lysing agents and the importance of developing an optimized protocol to avoid extensive damage to the ECM while retaining the ability to support cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Lara B Schaumann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Evan M Buckmiller
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Nima Momtahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Ho Hin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alonzo D Cook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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33
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Poornejad N, Schaumann LB, Buckmiller EM, Roeder BL, Cook AD. Current Cell-Based Strategies for Whole Kidney Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:358-370. [PMID: 26905375 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases affect thousands of people worldwide. Although hemodialysis alleviates the situation by filtering the patient's blood, it does not replace other kidney functions such as hormone release or homeostasis regulation. Consequently, orthotopic transplantation of donor organs is the ultimate treatment for patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. Unfortunately, the number of patients on the waiting list far exceeds the number of donors. In addition, recipients must remain on immunosuppressive medications for the remainder of their lives, which increases the risk of morbidity due to their weakened immune system. Despite recent advancements in whole organ transplantation, 40% of recipients will face rejection of implanted organs with a life expectancy of only 10 years. Bioengineered patient-specific kidneys could be an inexhaustible source of healthy kidneys without the risk of immune rejection. The purpose of this article is to review the pros and cons of several bioengineering strategies used in recent years and their unresolved issues. These strategies include repopulation of natural scaffolds with a patient's cells, de-novo generation of kidneys using patient-induced pluripotent stem cells combined with stepwise differentiation, and the creation of a patient's kidney in the embryos of other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Lara B Schaumann
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Evan M Buckmiller
- 2 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | | | - Alonzo D Cook
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
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34
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Lin YQ, Wang LR, Pan LL, Wang H, Zhu GQ, Liu WY, Wang JT, Braddock M, Zheng MH. Kidney bioengineering in regenerative medicine: An emerging therapy for kidney disease. Cytotherapy 2015; 18:186-97. [PMID: 26596504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of end-stage renal disease is emerging as a serious worldwide public health problem because of the shortage of donor organs and the need to take lifelong immunosuppressive medication in patients who receive a transplanted kidney. Recently, tissue bioengineering of decellularization and recellularization scaffolds has emerged as a novel strategy for organ regeneration, and we review the critical technologies supporting these methods. We present a summary of factors associated with experimental protocols that may shed light on the future development of kidney bioengineering and we discuss the cell sources and bioreactor techniques applied to the recellularization process. Finally, we review some artificial renal engineering technologies and their future prospects, such as kidney on a chip and the application of three-dimensional and four-dimensional printing in kidney tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qian Lin
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Renji School of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li-Ren Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang-Liang Pan
- School of Laboratory and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Martin Braddock
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Poornejad N, Nielsen JJ, Morris RJ, Gassman JR, Reynolds PR, Roeder BL, Cook AD. Comparison of four decontamination treatments on porcine renal decellularized extracellular matrix structure, composition, and support of human renal cortical tubular epithelium cells. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1154-67. [PMID: 26589294 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215615760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineering whole organs from porcine decellularized extracellular matrix and human cells may lead to a plentiful source of implantable organs. Decontaminating the porcine decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds is an essential step prior to introducing human cells. However, decontamination of whole porcine kidneys is a major challenge because the decontamination agent or irradiation needs to diffuse deep into the structure to eliminate all microbial contamination while minimizing damage to the structure and composition of the decellularized extracellular matrix. In this study, we compared four decontamination treatments that could be applicable to whole porcine kidneys: 70% ethanol, 0.2% peracetic acid in 1 M NaCl, 0.2% peracetic acid in 4% ethanol, and gamma (γ)-irradiation. Porcine kidneys were decellularized by perfusion of 0.5% (w/v) aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the four decontamination treatments were optimized using segments (n = 60) of renal tissue to ensure a consistent comparison. Although all four methods were successful in decontamination, γ-irradiation was very damaging to collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans, leading to less proliferation of human renal cortical tubular epithelium cells within the porcine decellularized extracellular matrix. The effectiveness of the other three optimized solution treatments were then all confirmed using whole decellularized porcine kidneys (n = 3). An aqueous solution of 0.2% peracetic acid in 1 M NaCl was determined to be the best method for decontamination of porcine decellularized extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffery J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Ryan J Morris
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Alonzo D Cook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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