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Ouazzani Housni Touhami Y, Hlal H, Bout A, Najdi A, Aarab C, Rammouz I, Aalouane R. Clinical profile of schizophrenia comorbid with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A comparative study. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:549-556. [PMID: 36244835 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe and compare the clinical profile of schizophrenic patients with and without obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. METHODS A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out at the psychiatry department of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez over 12 months to compare three groups of patients: "schizo-obsessive" (n=32), "schizophrenia" (n=34), and "OCD" (n=46). All participants (n=112) were assessed using the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS), the Brown assessment of beliefs scale (BABS), the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), the Beck's depression inventory (BDI-II), the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), and the clinical global impressions-severity scale (CGI-S). RESULTS The "schizo-obsessive" group differed from the "schizophrenia" group in: more severe psychotic symptoms (mean=64.16±17.049, P<0.001), higher anxiety (mean=8.87±5,655, P<0.001) and depression (mean=7.50±5.989, P<0.001) scores, more prevalent suicide attempts (46.9%), higher illness severity score (mean=5.13±1.157, P=0.02), and more professional disinsertion (78.1%). The "schizo-obsessive" group (mean= 14.47±3.388) had significantly poor insight (P<0.001) compared to the "OCD" group (mean= 8.35±4.542). There were similarities in the obsessive and compulsive themes between the "schizo-obsessive" and the "OCD" groups, with no significant difference of severity (P=0.26). CONCLUSION A careful assessment of obsessive symptomatology is essential in schizophrenia for better patient management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ouazzani Housni Touhami
- Psychiatry Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco; Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco.
| | - H Hlal
- Department of Psychiatry, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - A Bout
- Psychiatry Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco; Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
| | - A Najdi
- Department of epidemiology, Public health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - C Aarab
- Psychiatry Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco; Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
| | - I Rammouz
- Psychiatry Department, Agadir University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - R Aalouane
- Psychiatry Department, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco; Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
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Kutzner J, Elam KK, Ha T. Genetic influences on the interplay between obsessive-compulsive behavior symptoms and cannabis use during adolescence. J Adolesc 2023; 95:427-436. [PMID: 36443914 PMCID: PMC10588756 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are overlapping biological origins and behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and cannabis use. There is also evidence that OCS and cannabis use are associated over time. Thus, we investigated polygenic predisposition for OCS as predictive of OCS and cannabis use from age 17 to 19. We hypothesized that greater genetic risk for OCS would predict both OCS and cannabis use. METHODS The current study used participants from the Project Alliance 1 study, a US-based sample, for whom genomic, OCS, and cannabis use data were available (n = 547). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were formed via a meta-genome-wide association study on OCS and examined as a predictor of OCS and cannabis use at age 17 and 19. The sample was diverse (52.4% male; 45% European American, 30% African American, 14% multiracial, 5% Hispanic/Latino, 4% Asian American, and 2% other groups). Sensitivity analysis was performed by gender for European American and African American subsamples. RESULTS Across the whole sample, the greater polygenic risk for OCS was negatively associated with cannabis use at age 17 and positively associated with OCS at 19. Cannabis use at age 17 was positively associated with OCS at age 19. The association between polygenic risk for OCS and cannabis use at age 17 was replicated in European American males, whereas the association between cannabis use at age 17 and OCS at age 19 was replicated in African American males. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use may exacerbate OCS through adolescence, and genetic predisposition for OCS may be associated with lower cannabis use in efforts to avoid exacerbation of OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Kutzner
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kit K. Elam
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Scarfe ML, Muir C, Rowa K, Balodis I, MacKillop J. Getting High or Getting By? An Examination of Cannabis Motives, Cannabis Misuse, and Concurrent Psychopathology in a Sample of General Community Adults. Subst Abuse 2022; 16:11782218221119070. [PMID: 36051509 PMCID: PMC9424870 DOI: 10.1177/11782218221119070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined cannabis motives in adults and, although
associations between cannabis use and psychiatric conditions are well
documented, there has been limited investigation of the intersection of
cannabis use, cannabis motives, and psychopathology. In a sample of
community adults, the present study examined cannabis motives in relation to
cannabis misuse, and investigated whether motives linked cannabis misuse
with concurrent psychiatric symptoms. METHOD: Participants (N = 395; Mage = 34.8;
%F = 47.6; % White = 81.3%) completed assessments
related to cannabis misuse, cannabis use motives, and symptoms of
depression, anxiety, PTSD, and somatic experiences. Bivariate correlations,
hierarchical regressions, and indirect effect analyses were performed to
examine associations between motives and cannabis misuse and to investigate
mechanistic relationships between psychiatric symptoms and cannabis
misuse. RESULTS: Regressions revealed significant associations between cannabis misuse and
social (β = .13, P < .02), enhancement (β = .12,
P < .02), and coping motives (β = .48,
P < .001). Indirect effects were present such that
coping motives consistently linked psychiatric and somatic symptoms with
cannabis misuse (anxiety: unstandardized effect = 0.26,and 95%
CI = 0.17-0.37; depression: unstandardized
effect = 0.12, CI = 0.11-0.25; PTSD: unstandardized effect = 0.07,
CI = 0.04-0.10; somatic symptoms: unstandardized effect = 0.20,
CI = 0.11-0.30). In addition, enhancement motives exhibited an indirect
effect (unstandardized effect = 0.02, CI = 0.002-0.04) between depressive
symptoms and cannabis misuse. CONCLUSION: These results support a negative reinforcement motivational profile as the
predominant pattern in adult cannabis users, albeit with links to
enhancement and social motives. This motivational profile is especially
pronounced with regard to comorbid psychopathology and cannabis misuse.
These results support the importance of treatment strategies targeting
maladaptive coping to address cannabis misuse and co-occurring
psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Scarfe
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Candice Muir
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Iris Balodis
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Kayser RR, Senter MS, Tobet R, Raskin M, Patel S, Simpson HB. Patterns of Cannabis Use Among Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Results from an Internet Survey. J Obsessive Compuls Relat Disord 2021; 30:100664. [PMID: 34336561 PMCID: PMC8323783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Americans increasingly use cannabis, including those with psychiatric disorders. Yet little is known about cannabis use among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thus, we conducted the first survey of cannabis users with OCD. METHODS Adults with OCD (i.e., prior professional diagnosis and/or score above the cutoff on a validated scale) who reported using cannabis were recruited from internet sources to complete a survey querying demographic information, medical/psychiatric history, cannabis use patterns, and perceived cannabis effects. RESULTS Of 1096 survey completers, 601 met inclusion criteria. Inhalation/cannabis flower were the most common method/formulation participants endorsed; most identified using high-potency cannabis products; 42% met criteria for cannabis use disorder. Nearly 90% self-reported using cannabis medicinally, 33.8% had a physician's recommendation, and 29% used specifically to manage OCD symptoms. Most participants reported cannabis improved obsessions/compulsions; those with increased obsession severity perceived less benefit. Finally, most participants were not receiving evidence-based OCD treatment, and the odds of receiving treatment decreased with increased cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS In this survey, participants with OCD reported both subjective benefits and harms from cannabis use. Future research should clarify the risks and benefits of cannabis use to those with OCD and develop treatment models to better support this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly R Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Meredith S Senter
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca Tobet
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Marissa Raskin
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Sapana Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - H Blair Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
- Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
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Obsessive-compulsive symptoms and problematic alcohol use: The explanatory role of drinking motives. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106734. [PMID: 33385756 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of alcohol use motives above the effects of each other, using a multiple mediation model, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and problematic alcohol use among a young ethno-racially diverse sample of college students with current (past-month) alcohol use. Participants were 454 college students (81.72% female, Mage = 22.46, SD = 4.71). Results indicated that coping motives significantly explained the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and alcohol consumption (past year), risky drinking, and recent alcohol use (past month) as behavioral indices of problematic drinking after controlling for the variance accounted for by recent cannabis use, smoking, and anxiety and depressive symptoms (with small to medium effect sizes). These findings are discussed in terms of the development of specialized treatments to specifically target coping oriented alcohol use motives in the context of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among young adults with clinically significant OCD symptoms and comorbid problematic alcohol use.
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