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Singh A, Choudhury SD, Singh P, Singh VV, Singh SN, Sharma A. Ionic reverberation modulates the cellular fate of CD8 +tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A novel mechanism. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110256. [PMID: 38762062 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), existing treatments including checkpoint inhibitors are failed to cure and/or prevent recurrence of the disease. Therefore, in-depth understanding of tumor tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs) dysfunction are necessitated to enrich efficacy of immunotherapies and increasing disease free survival in treated patients. In patients, we observed dysregulation of K+, Ca2+, Na2+ and Zn2+ ion channels leads to excess infiltration of their respective ions in tumor TRMs, thus ionic gradients are disturbed and cells became hyperpolarized. Moreover, overloaded intramitochondrial calcium caused mitochondrial depolarization and trigger apoptosis of tumor TRMs. Decreased prevalence of activated tumor TRMs reflected our observations. Furthermore, disruptions in ionic concentrations impaired the functional activities and/or suppressed anti-tumor action of circulating and tumor TRMs in RCC. Collectively, these findings revealed novel mechanism behind dysfunctionality of tumor TRMs. Implicating enrichment of activated TRMs within tumor would be beneficial for better management of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumitra Dey Choudhury
- Central core Research facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Ge WD, Du TT, Wang CY, Sun LN, Wang YQ. Calcium signaling crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, a new drug development strategies of kidney diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116278. [PMID: 38740223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) acts as a second messenger and constitutes a complex and large information exchange system between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria; this process is involved in various life activities, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that alterations in Ca2+ crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, including alterations in ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels and related Ca2+ regulatory proteins, such as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calnexin (CNX), are closely associated with the development of kidney disease. Therapies targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling have emerged as an emerging field in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we focused on recent advances in Ca2+ signaling, ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ monitoring methods and Ca2+ homeostasis in the development of renal diseases and sought to identify new targets and insights for the treatment of renal diseases by targeting Ca2+ channels or related Ca2+ regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Di Ge
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Tian Du
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cao-Yang Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Hanbashi AA, Palombi F, Riccioli A, Parrington J, Filippini A. Endolysosomal two-pore channel 2 plays opposing roles in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:521-540. [PMID: 38263578 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The ion channel two-pore channel 2 (TPC2), localised on the membranes of acidic organelles such as endo-lysosomes and melanosomes, has been shown to play a role in pathologies including cancer, and it is differently expressed in primary versus metastatic melanoma cells. Whether TPC2 plays a pro- or anti-oncogenic role in different tumour conditions is a relevant open question which we have explored in melanoma at different stages of tumour progression. The behaviour of primary melanoma cell line B16F0 and its metastatic subline B16F10 were compared in response to TPC2 modulation by silencing (by small interfering RNA), knock-out (by CRISPR/Cas9) and overexpression (by mCherry-TPC2 transfected plasmid). TPC2 silencing increased cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in the metastatic samples, but abated them in the silenced primary ones. Interestingly, while TPC2 inactivation failed to affect markers of proliferation in both samples, it strongly enhanced the migratory behaviour of the metastatic cells, again suggesting that in the more aggressive phenotype TPC2 plays a specific antimetastatic role. In line with this, overexpression of TPC2 in B16F10 cells resulted in phenotype rescue, that is, a decrease in migratory ability, thus collectively resuming traits of the B16F0 primary cell line. Our research shows a novel role of TPC2 in melanoma cells that is intriguingly different in initial versus late stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barbonari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ali A Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Li J, Mei S, Mao X, Wan L, Wang H, Xiao B, Song Y, Gu W, Liu Y, Long L. De novo variants in KCNJ3 are associated with early-onset epilepsy. J Med Genet 2024; 61:319-324. [PMID: 37963718 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNJ3 encodes a subunit of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels, which are important for cellular excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission. However, the genetic basis of KCNJ3 in epilepsy has not been determined. This study aimed to identify the pathogenic KCNJ3 variants in patients with epilepsy. METHODS Trio exome sequencing was performed to determine potential variants of epilepsy. Individuals with KCNJ3 variants were recruited for this study. Detailed clinical information and genetic data were obtained and systematically reviewed. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to evaluate the functional consequences of the identified variants. RESULTS Two de novo missense variants (c.998T>C (p.Leu333Ser) and c.938G>A (p. Arg313Gln)) in KCNJ3 were identified in two unrelated families with epilepsy. The variants were absent from the gnomAD database and were assumed to be damaging or probably damaging using multiple bioinformatics tools. They were both located in the C-terminal domain. The amino acid residues were highly conserved among various species. Clinically, the seizures occurred at a young age and were under control after combined treatment. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that the KCNJ3 Leu333Ser and Arg313Gln variants significantly compromised the current activities and exhibited loss-of-function (LOF) effects. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that de novo LOF variants in KCNJ3 are associated with early-onset epilepsy. Genetic testing of KCNJ3 in patients with epilepsy may serve as a strategy for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyue Mei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lily Wan
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Chigene (Beijing) Translational Medical Research Center Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gurubaran IS. Mitochondrial damage and clearance in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102 Suppl 282:3-53. [PMID: 38467968 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating eye disease that causes permanent vision loss in the central part of the retina, known as the macula. Patients with such severe visual loss face a reduced quality of life and are at a 1.5 times greater risk of death compared to the general population. Currently, there is no cure for or effective treatment for dry AMD. There are several mechanisms thought to underlie the disease, for example, ageing-associated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, harmful protein aggregation and inflammation. As a way of gaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind AMD and thus developing new therapies, we have created a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PGC1α/NFE2L2) double-knockout (dKO) mouse model that mimics many of the clinical features of dry AMD, including elevated levels of oxidative stress markers, damaged mitochondria, accumulating lysosomal lipofuscin and extracellular drusen-like structures in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). In addition, a human RPE cell-based model was established to examine the impact of non-functional intracellular clearance systems on inflammasome activation. In this study, we found that there was a disturbance in the autolysosomal machinery responsible for clearing mitochondria in the RPE cells of one-year-old PGC1α/NFE2L2-deficient mice. The confocal immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in autophagosome marker microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) as well as multiple mitophagy markers such as PTE-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase (PARKIN), along with signs of damaged mitochondria. However, no increase in autolysosome formation was detected, nor was there a colocalization of the lysosomal marker LAMP2 or the mitochondrial marker, ATP synthase β. There was an upregulation of late autolysosomal fusion Ras-related protein (Rab7) in the perinuclear space of RPE cells, together with autofluorescent aggregates. Additionally, we observed an increase in the numbers of Toll-like receptors 3 and 9, while those of NOD-like receptor 3 were decreased in PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retinal specimens compared to wild-type animals. There was a trend towards increased complement component C5a and increased involvement of the serine protease enzyme, thrombin, in enhancing the terminal pathway producing C5a, independent of C3. The levels of primary acute phase C-reactive protein and receptor for advanced glycation end products were also increased in the PGC1α/NFE2L2 dKO retina. Furthermore, selective proteasome inhibition with epoxomicin promoted both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, resulting in potassium efflux-dependent activation of the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome and the subsequent secretion of interleukin-1β in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that there is at least a relative decrease in mitophagy, increases in the amounts of C5 and thrombin and decreased C3 levels in this dry AMD-like model. Moreover, selective proteasome inhibition evoked mitochondrial damage and AIM2 inflammasome activation in ARPE-19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Medicine Unit, University of Eastern Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio, Northern Savonia, Finland
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Al-kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Saad HM, Batiha GES, Klionsky DJ. The beneficial role of autophagy in multiple sclerosis: Yes or No? Autophagy 2024; 20:259-274. [PMID: 37712858 PMCID: PMC10813579 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T lymphocytes which elicit autoimmunity. The main pathophysiology of MS is myelin sheath damage by immune cells and a defect in the generation of myelin by oligodendrocytes. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a critical degradation process that eliminates dysfunctional or superfluous cellular components. Autophagy has the property of a double-edged sword in MS in that it may have both beneficial and detrimental effects on MS neuropathology. Therefore, this review illustrates the protective and harmful effects of autophagy with regard to this disease. Autophagy prevents the progression of MS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. In contrast, over-activated autophagy is associated with the progression of MS neuropathology and in this case the use of autophagy inhibitors may alleviate the pathogenesis of MS. Furthermore, autophagy provokes the activation of different immune and supporting cells that play an intricate role in the pathogenesis of MS. Autophagy functions in the modulation of MS neuropathology by regulating cell proliferation related to demyelination and remyelination. Autophagy enhances remyelination by increasing the activity of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. However, autophagy induces demyelination by activating microglia and T cells. In conclusion, specific autophagic activators of oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, and specific autophagic inhibitors of dendritic cells (DCs), microglia and T cells induce protective effects against the pathogenesis of MS.Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APCs: antigen-presenting cells; BBB: blood-brain barrier; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CNS: central nervous system; DCs: dendritic cells; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MS: multiple sclerosis; NCA: non-canonical autophagy; OCBs: oligoclonal bands; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PD: Parkinson disease; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UPR: unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Baghdad
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El Beheira, Egypt
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Bhattacharya D, Barille R, Toukam DK, Gawali VS, Kallay L, Ahmed T, Brown H, Rezvanian S, Karve A, Desai PB, Medvedovic M, Wang K, Ionascu D, Harun N, Wang C, Baschnagel AM, Kritzer JA, Cook JM, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. GABA(A) receptor activation drives GABARAP-Nix mediated autophagy to radiation-sensitize primary and brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.569295. [PMID: 38076805 PMCID: PMC10705483 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.569295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, targeted therapies benefit only a subset of NSCLC, while radiotherapy responses are not durable and toxicity limits therapy. We find that a GABA(A) receptor activator, AM-101, impairs viability and clonogenicity of NSCLC primary and brain metastatic cells. Employing an ex vivo 'chip', AM-101 is as efficacious as the chemotherapeutic docetaxel, which is used with radiotherapy for advanced-stage NSCLC. In vivo , AM-101 potentiates radiation, including conferring a survival benefit to mice bearing NSCLC intracranial tumors. GABA(A) receptor activation stimulates a selective-autophagic response via multimerization of GABA(A) Receptor-Associated Protein (GABARAP), stabilization of mitochondrial receptor Nix, and utilization of ubiquitin-binding protein p62. A targeted-peptide disrupting Nix binding to GABARAP inhibits AM-101 cytotoxicity. This supports a model of GABA(A) receptor activation driving a GABARAP-Nix multimerization axis triggering autophagy. In patients receiving radiotherapy, GABA(A) receptor activation may improve tumor control while allowing radiation dose de-intensification to reduce toxicity. Highlights Activating GABA(A) receptors intrinsic to lung primary and metastatic brain cancer cells triggers a cytotoxic response. GABA(A) receptor activation works as well as chemotherapeutic docetaxel in impairing lung cancer viability ex vivo . GABA(A) receptor activation increases survival of mice bearing lung metastatic brain tumors.A selective-autophagic response is stimulated by GABA(A) receptor activation that includes multimerization of GABARAP and Nix.Employing a new nanomolar affinity peptide that abrogates autophagosome formation inhibits cytotoxicity elicited by GABA(A) receptor activation.
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Sarkar P, Jassar O, Ghanim M. The plant pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum induces calcium-regulated autophagy in midgut cells of its insect vector Bactericera trigonica. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0130123. [PMID: 37768086 PMCID: PMC10581152 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01301-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role against pathogen infection in many organisms; however, little has been done with regard to vector-borne plant and animal pathogens, that sometimes replicate and cause deleterious effects in their vectors. Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) is a fastidious gram-negative phloem-restricted plant pathogen and vectored by the carrot psyllid, Bactericera trigonica. The plant disease caused by this bacterium is called carrot yellows and has recently gained much importance due to worldwide excessive economical losses. Here, we demonstrate that calcium ATPase, cytosolic calcium, and most importantly Beclin-1 have a role in regulating autophagy and its association with Liberibacter inside the psyllid. The presence of CLso generates reactive oxygen species and induces the expression of detoxification enzymes in the psyllid midguts, a main site for bacteria transmission. CLso also induces the expression of both sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+pump (SERCA) and 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPR) in midguts, resulting in high levels of calcium in the cellular cytosol. Silencing these genes individually disrupted the calcium levels in the cytosol and resulted in direct effects on autophagy and subsequently on Liberibacter persistence and transmission. Inhibiting Beclin1-phosphorylation through different calcium-induced kinases altered the expression of autophagy and CLso titers and persistence. Based on our results obtained from the midgut, we suggest the existence of a direct correlation between cytosolic calcium levels, autophagy, and CLso persistence and transmission by the carrot psyllid. IMPORTANCE Plant diseases caused by vector-borne Liberibacter species are responsible for the most important economic losses in many agricultural sectors. Preventing these diseases relies mostly on chemical sprays against the insect vectors. Knowledge-based interference with the bacteria-vector interaction remains a promising approach as a sustainable solution. For unravelling how Liberibacter exploits molecular pathways in its insect vector for transmission, here, we show that the bacterium manipulates calcium levels on both sides of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, resulting in manipulating autophagy. Silencing genes associated with these pathways disrupted the calcium levels in the cytosol and resulted in direct effects on autophagy and Liberibacter transmission. These results demonstrate major pathways that could be exploited for manipulating and controlling the disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ola Jassar
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Fratta E, Giurato G, Guerrieri R, Colizzi F, Dal Col J, Weisz A, Steffan A, Montico B. Autophagy in BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma: recent advances and therapeutic perspective. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:202. [PMID: 37386023 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, represents a highly conserved catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis. At present, the role of autophagy in cutaneous melanoma (CM) is still controversial, since it appears to be tumor-suppressive at early stages of malignant transformation and cancer-promoting during disease progression. Interestingly, autophagy has been found to be often increased in CM harboring BRAF mutation and to impair the response to targeted therapy. In addition to autophagy, numerous studies have recently conducted in cancer to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy, a selective form of mitochondria autophagy, and secretory autophagy, a process that facilitates unconventional cellular secretion. Although several aspects of mitophagy and secretory autophagy have been investigated in depth, their involvement in BRAF-mutant CM biology has only recently emerged. In this review, we aim to overview autophagy dysregulation in BRAF-mutant CM, along with the therapeutic advantages that may arise from combining autophagy inhibitors with targeted therapy. In addition, the recent advances on mitophagy and secretory autophagy involvement in BRAF-mutant CM will be also discussed. Finally, since a number of autophagy-related non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified so far, we will briefly discussed recent advances linking ncRNAs to autophagy regulation in BRAF-mutant CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health - CRGS, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Roberto Guerrieri
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genome Research Center for Health - CRGS, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Molecular Pathology and Medical Genomics Program, AOU 'S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona' University of Salerno and Rete Oncologica Campana, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
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Liu S, Chen M, Wang Y, Lei Y, Huang T, Zhang Y, Lam SM, Li H, Qi S, Geng J, Lu K. The ER calcium channel Csg2 integrates sphingolipid metabolism with autophagy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3725. [PMID: 37349354 PMCID: PMC10287731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous components of membranes and function as bioactive lipid signaling molecules. Here, through genetic screening and lipidomics analyses, we find that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium channel Csg2 integrates sphingolipid metabolism with autophagy by regulating ER calcium homeostasis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Csg2 functions as a calcium release channel and maintains calcium homeostasis in the ER, which enables normal functioning of the essential sphingolipid synthase Aur1. Under starvation conditions, deletion of Csg2 causes increases in calcium levels in the ER and then disturbs Aur1 stability, leading to accumulation of the bioactive sphingolipid phytosphingosine, which specifically and completely blocks autophagy and induces loss of starvation resistance in cells. Our findings indicate that calcium homeostasis in the ER mediated by the channel Csg2 translates sphingolipid metabolism into autophagy regulation, further supporting the role of the ER as a signaling hub for calcium homeostasis, sphingolipid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mutian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jia Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, City of Future Medicine, Chengdu, 641400, China.
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Chu F, Tan R, Wang X, Zhou X, Ma R, Ma X, Li Y, Liu R, Zhang C, Liu X, Yin T, Liu Z. Transcranial Magneto-Acoustic Stimulation Attenuates Synaptic Plasticity Impairment through the Activation of Piezo1 in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0130. [PMID: 37223482 PMCID: PMC10202414 DOI: 10.34133/research.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid plaques. Rapidly emerging evidence suggests that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, plays a critical role in transforming ultrasound-related mechanical stimuli through its trimeric propeller-like structure, but the importance of Piezo1-mediated mechanotransduction in brain functions is less appreciated. However, apart from mechanical stimulation, Piezo1 channels are strongly modulated by voltage. We assume that Piezo1 may play a role in converting mechanical and electrical signals, which could induce the phagocytosis and degradation of Aβ, and the combined effect of mechanical and electrical stimulation is superior to single mechanical stimulation. Hence, we design a transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS) system, based on transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) within a magnetic field that combines a magneto-acoustic coupling effect electric field and the mechanical force of ultrasound, and applied it to test the above hypothesis in 5xFAD mice. Behavioral tests, in vivo electrophysiological recordings, Golgi-Cox staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and cerebral blood flow monitoring were used to assess whether TMAS can alleviate the symptoms of AD mouse model by activating Piezo1. TMAS treatment enhanced autophagy to promote the phagocytosis and degradation of β-amyloid through the activation of microglial Piezo1 and alleviated neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neural oscillation abnormalities in 5xFAD mice, showing a stronger effect than ultrasound. However, inhibition of Piezo1 with an antagonist, GsMTx-4, prevented these beneficial effects of TMAS. This research indicates that Piezo1 can transform TMAS-related mechanical and electrical stimuli into biochemical signals and identifies that the favorable effects of TMAS on synaptic plasticity in 5xFAD mice are mediated by Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxuan Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruxin Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ren Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruixu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chunlan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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12
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Zhang T, Liu Q, Li Z, Tang S, An Q, Fan D, Xiang Y, Wu X, Jin Z, Ding J, Hu Y, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. The role of ion channels in immune-related diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:129-140. [PMID: 36417963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channel is an integral membrane protein that allows the permeation of charge ions across hydrophobic phospholipid membranes, including plasma membranes and organelle membranes (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles), which are widely distributed in various cells and tissues, such as cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and nerve cells. Ion channels establish membrane potential by regulating ion concentration and membrane potential. Membrane potential plays an important role in cells. Studies have shown that ion channels play a role in a number of immune-related diseases caused by functional defects in ion channels on immune or non-immune cells in major human organs, usually affecting specific organs or multiple organs. The present review discusses the relationship between ion channels and immune diseases in major organs of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Liu J, Li X, Xu N, Han H, Li X. Role of ion channels in the mechanism of proteinuria (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:27. [PMID: 36561615 PMCID: PMC9748662 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a common clinical manifestation of kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, immunoglobulin A nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, proteinuria is considered to be a risk factor for renal dysfunction. Furthermore, proteinuria is also significantly associated with the progression of kidney diseases and increased mortality. Its occurrence is closely associated with damage to the structure of the glomerular filtration membrane. An impaired glomerular filtration membrane can affect the selective filtration function of the kidneys; therefore, several macromolecular substances, such as proteins, may pass through the filtration membrane and promote the manifestation of proteinuria. It has been reported that ion channels play a significant role in the mechanisms underlying proteinuria. Ion channel mutations or other dysfunctions have been implicated in several diseases, therefore ion channels could be used as major therapeutic targets. The mechanisms underlying the action of ion channels and ion transporters in proteinuria have been overlooked in the literature, despite their importance in identifying novel targets for treating proteinuria and delaying the progression of kidney diseases. The current review article focused on the four key ion channel groups, namely Na+, Ca2+, Cl- and K+ ion channels and the associated ion transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Huirong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xiangling Li, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 2428 Yu He Road, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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The intracellular Ca 2+ channel TRPML3 is a PI3P effector that regulates autophagosome biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200085119. [PMID: 36252030 PMCID: PMC9618060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200085119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a multiple fusion event, initiating with autophagosome formation and culminating with fusion with endo-lysosomes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The source of Ca2+ and the molecular mechanism by which Ca2+ is provided for this process are not known. The intracellular Ca2+ permeable channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 3 (TRPML3) localizes in the autophagosome and interacts with the mammalian autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) homolog GATE16. Here, we show that lipid-regulated TRPML3 is the Ca2+ release channel in the phagophore that provides the Ca2+ necessary for autophagy progress. We generated a TRPML3-GCaMP6 fusion protein as a targeted reporter of TRPML3 compartment localization and channel function. Notably, TRPML3-GCaMP6 localized in the phagophores, the level of which increased in response to nutrient starvation. Importantly, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), an essential lipid for autophagosome formation, is a selective regulator of TRPML3. TRPML3 interacted with PI3P, which is a direct activator of TRPML3 current and Ca2+ release from the phagophore, to promote and increase autophagy. Inhibition of TRPML3 suppressed autophagy even in the presence of excess PI3P, while activation of TRPML3 reversed the autophagy inhibition caused by blocking PI3P. Moreover, disruption of the TRPML3-PI3P interaction abolished both TRPML3 activation by PI3P and the increase in autophagy. Taken together, these results reveal that TRPML3 is a downstream effector of PI3P and a key regulator of autophagy. Activation of TRPML3 by PI3P is the critical step providing Ca2+ from the phagophore for the fusion process, which is essential for autophagosome biogenesis.
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Cancer as a Channelopathy—Appreciation of Complimentary Pathways Provides a Different Perspective for Developing Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194627. [PMID: 36230549 PMCID: PMC9562872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While improvements in technology have improved our ability to treat many forms of cancer when diagnosed at an early stage of the disease, the ability to improve survival and quality of life for patients with late stage disease has been limited, largely due to the ability of cancer cells to evade destruction when treatments block preferred paths for survival. Here, we review the role that ions and ion channels play in normal cell function, the development of disease and their role in the life and death of a cell. It is hoped that viewing cancer from the perspective of altered ion channel expression and ion balance may provide a novel approach for developing more effective treatments for this devastating disease. Abstract Life depends upon the ability of cells to evaluate and adapt to a constantly changing environment and to maintain internal stability to allow essential biochemical reactions to occur. Ions and ion channels play a crucial role in this process and are essential for survival. Alterations in the expression of the transmembrane proteins responsible for maintaining ion balance that occur as a result of mutations in the genetic code or in response to iatrogenically induced changes in the extracellular environment is a characteristic feature of oncogenesis and identifies cancer as one of a constellation of diseases known as channelopathies. The classification of cancer as a channelopathy provides a different perspective for viewing the disease. Potentially, it may expand opportunities for developing novel ways to affect or reverse the deleterious changes that underlie establishing and sustaining disease and developing tolerance to therapeutic attempts at treatment. The role of ions and ion channels and their interactions in the cell’s ability to maintain ionic balance, homeostasis, and survival are reviewed and possible approaches that mitigate gain or loss of ion channel function to contribute to new or enhance existing cancer therapies are discussed.
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Network-Based Data Analysis Reveals Ion Channel-Related Gene Features in COVID-19: A Bioinformatic Approach. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:471-505. [PMID: 36104591 PMCID: PMC9473477 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seriously threatens human health and has been disseminated worldwide. Although there are several treatments for COVID-19, its control is currently suboptimal. Therefore, the development of novel strategies to treat COVID-19 is necessary. Ion channels are located on the membranes of all excitable cells and many intracellular organelles and are key components involved in various biological processes. They are a target of interest when searching for drug targets. This study aimed to reveal the relevant molecular features of ion channel genes in COVID-19 based on bioinformatic analyses. The RNA-sequencing data of patients with COVID-19 and healthy subjects (GSE152418 and GSE171110 datasets) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Ion channel genes were selected from the Hugo Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database. The RStudio software was used to process the data based on the corresponding R language package to identify ion channel-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on the DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Enrichr web tool. The STRING database was used to generate a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Cytoscape software was used to screen for hub genes in the PPI network based on the cytoHubba plug-in. Transcription factors (TF)-DEG, DEG-microRNA (miRNA) and DEG-disease association networks were constructed using the NetworkAnalyst web tool. Finally, the screened hub genes as drug targets were subjected to enrichment analysis based on the DSigDB using the Enrichr web tool to identify potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19. A total of 29 ion channel-associated DEGs were identified. GO functional analysis showed that the DEGs were integral components of the plasma membrane and were mainly involved in inorganic cation transmembrane transport and ion channel activity functions. Pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in nicotine addiction, calcium regulation in the cardiac cell and neuronal system pathways. The top 10 hub genes screened based on the PPI network included KCNA2, KCNJ4, CACNA1A, CACNA1E, NALCN, KCNA5, CACNA2D1, TRPC1, TRPM3 and KCNN3. The TF-DEG and DEG-miRNA networks revealed significant TFs (FOXC1, GATA2, HINFP, USF2, JUN and NFKB1) and miRNAs (hsa-mir-146a-5p, hsa-mir-27a-3p, hsa-mir-335-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p and hsa-mir-129-2-3p). Gene-disease association network analysis revealed that the DEGs were closely associated with intellectual disability and cerebellar ataxia. Drug-target enrichment analysis showed that the relevant drugs targeting the hub genes CACNA2D1, CACNA1A, CACNA1E, KCNA2 and KCNA5 were gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin, guanidine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine. The results of this study provide a valuable basis for exploring the mechanisms of ion channel genes in COVID-19 and clues for developing therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Vantaggiato C, Orso G, Guarato G, Brivio F, Napoli B, Panzeri E, Masotti S, Santorelli FM, Lamprou M, Gumeni S, Clementi E, Bassi MT. Rescue of lysosomal function as therapeutic strategy for SPG15 hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2022; 146:1103-1120. [PMID: 36029068 PMCID: PMC9976989 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SPG15 is a hereditary spastic paraplegia subtype caused by mutations in Spastizin, a protein encoded by the ZFYVE26 gene. Spastizin is involved in autophagosome maturation and autophagic lysosome reformation and SPG15-related mutations lead to autophagic lysosome reformation defects with lysosome enlargement, free lysosome depletion and autophagosome accumulation. Symptomatic and rehabilitative treatments are the only therapy currently available for patients. Here, we targeted autophagy and lysosomes in SPG15 patient-derived cells by using a library of autophagy-modulating compounds. We identified a rose of compounds affecting intracellular calcium levels, the calcium-calpain pathway or lysosomal functions, which reduced autophagosome accumulation. The six most effective compounds were tested in vivo in a new SPG15 loss of function Drosophila model that mimicked the reported SPG15 phenotype, with autophagosome accumulation, enlarged lysosomes, reduced free lysosomes, autophagic lysosome reformation defects and locomotor deficit. These compounds, namely verapamil, Bay K8644, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, trehalose, Small-Molecule Enhancer of Rapamycin 28 and trifluoperazine, improved lysosome biogenesis and function in vivo, demonstrating that lysosomes are a key pharmacological target to rescue SPG15 phenotype. Among the others, the Small-Molecule Enhancer of Rapamycin 28 was the most effective, rescuing both autophagic lysosome reformation defects and locomotor deficit, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic compound for this hereditary spastic paraplegia subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Vantaggiato
- Correspondence to: Chiara Vantaggiato, PhD Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Via D. L. Monza 20 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy E-mail:
| | - Genny Orso
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Genny Orso, PhD Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padova, Italy E-mail:
| | - Giulia Guarato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Brivio
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Barbara Napoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Simona Masotti
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Maria Lamprou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, ‘Luigi Sacco’ University Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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Negi K, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Progressive Host-Directed Strategies to Potentiate BCG Vaccination Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944183. [PMID: 35967410 PMCID: PMC9365942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit to improve the TB control program comprising one approved vaccine, M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has directed researchers to explore progressive approaches to halt the eternal TB pandemic. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) was first identified as the causative agent of TB in 1882 by Dr. Robert Koch. However, TB has plagued living beings since ancient times and continues to endure as an eternal scourge ravaging even with existing chemoprophylaxis and preventive therapy. We have scientifically come a long way since then, but despite accessibility to the standard antimycobacterial antibiotics and prophylactic vaccine, almost one-fourth of humankind is infected latently with M.tb. Existing therapeutics fail to control TB, due to the upsurge of drug-resistant strains and increasing incidents of co-infections in immune-compromised individuals. Unresponsiveness to established antibiotics leaves patients with no therapeutic possibilities. Hence the search for an efficacious TB immunization strategy is a global health priority. Researchers are paving the course for efficient vaccination strategies with the radically advanced operation of core principles of protective immune responses against M.tb. In this review; we have reassessed the progression of the TB vaccination program comprising BCG immunization in children and potential stratagems to reinforce BCG-induced protection in adults.
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Li N, Gao Y, Li B, Gao D, Geng H, Li S, Xing C. Remote Manipulation of ROS-Sensitive Calcium Channel Using Near-Infrared-Responsive Conjugated Oligomer Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Therapy In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5427-5433. [PMID: 35759348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive calcium (Ca2+) channels is of great significance in the treatment of tumors. Here, a simple ROS generation system is developed to activate ROS-sensitive ion channels for enhancing calcium-cascade-mediated tumor cell death under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Upon irradiation with an 808 nm laser, a low-lethality amount of ROS facilitates plasmid transient potential receptor melastatin-2 (pTRPM2) gene release via cleavage of the Se-Se bonds, which contributed to enhancing the expression of TRPM2 in tumor cells. Meanwhile, ROS could potently activate TRPM2 for Ca2+ influx to inhibit early autophagy and to further induce intracellular ROS production, which ultimately led to cell death in TRPM2 expressing tumor cells. Both in vitro and in vivo data show that nanoparticles have an excellent therapeutic effect on cancer upon NIR light. This work presents a simple modality based on NIR light to remotely control the ROS-sensitive ion channel for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Yijian Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Boying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Dong Gao
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Hao Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
| | - Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
- Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, PR China
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Sridevi Gurubaran I, Hytti M, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Epoxomicin, a Selective Proteasome Inhibitor, Activates AIM2 Inflammasome in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071288. [PMID: 35883779 PMCID: PMC9311580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the intracellular clearance system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Dysfunctional proteasomes and autophagy in RPE cells have been associated with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. We have previously shown that the inhibition of proteasomes using MG-132 activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human RPE cells. However, MG-132 is a non-selective proteasome inhibitor. In this study, we used the selective proteasome inhibitor epoxomicin to study the effect of non-functional intracellular clearance systems on inflammasome activation. Our data show that epoxomicin-induced proteasome inhibition promoted both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress and release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol, which resulted in potassium efflux-dependent absence in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome activation and subsequent interleukin-1β secretion in ARPE-19 cells. The non-specific proteasome inhibitor MG-132 activated both NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes and oxidative stress predominated as the activation mechanism, but modest potassium efflux was also detected. Collectively, our data suggest that a selective proteasome inhibitor is a potent inflammasome activator in human RPE cells and emphasize the role of the AIM2 inflammasome in addition to the more commonly known NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iswariyaraja Sridevi Gurubaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (I.S.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Hytti
- Immuno-Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (I.S.G.); (K.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (I.S.G.); (K.K.)
- Immuno-Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Y, Dang L, Ruan C, Cai H, Jin Q, Kang L, Guo Z. Identification of potential genes in endobronchial tuberculosis after bronchoscopic cryotherapy by transcriptome sequencing. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 100:105269. [PMID: 35301169 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopic cryotherapy facilitates the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) and helps suppress progressive bronchial stenosis. However, the molecular mechanism of bronchoscopic cryotherapy in EBTB patients has not been reported. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) in EBTB patients before and after bronchoscopic cryotherapy. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were carried out. Five genes (MKLN1, HIGD1A, PTGES, SKIL, and MCEMP1) were selected and validated using real-time qPCR (RT- qPCR). RESULTS In transcriptome analysis, 448 DEGs with p < 0.05 and|logFC| > 1 were identified; of these, 171 and 277 DEGs were significantly up- and down-regulated after bronchoscopic cryotherapy, respectively. Results displayed 337 biological process (GO-BP), 48 cellular component (GO-CC) and 62 molecular function (GO-MF) terms and 20 KEGG pathways. RT- qPCR results were consistent with the sequencing data. CONCLUSION These data provide informative evidence and recommendations for further scientific research on bronchoscopic cryotherapy for EBTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Endoscopy Clinic Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyun Dang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ruan
- Endoscopy Clinic Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huafeng Cai
- Endoscopy Clinic Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Endoscopy Clinic Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaolei Guo
- Endoscopy Clinic Center, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Collins HE, Zhang D, Chatham JC. STIM and Orai Mediated Regulation of Calcium Signaling in Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:876785. [PMID: 35821821 PMCID: PMC9261457 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.876785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tight spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular Ca2+ plays a critical role in regulating diverse cellular functions including cell survival, metabolism, and transcription. As a result, eukaryotic cells have developed a wide variety of mechanisms for controlling Ca2+ influx and efflux across the plasma membrane as well as Ca2+ release and uptake from intracellular stores. The STIM and Orai protein families comprising of STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3, are evolutionarily highly conserved proteins that are core components of all mammalian Ca2+ signaling systems. STIM1 and Orai1 are considered key players in the regulation of Store Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE), where release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores such as the Endoplasmic/Sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. SOCE, which has been widely characterized in non-excitable cells, plays a central role in Ca2+-dependent transcriptional regulation. In addition to their role in Ca2+ signaling, STIM1 and Orai1 have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolism and mitochondrial function. STIM and Orai proteins are also subject to redox modifications, which influence their activities. Considering their ubiquitous expression, there has been increasing interest in the roles of STIM and Orai proteins in excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. While controversy remains as to the importance of SOCE in excitable cells, STIM1 and Orai1 are essential for cellular homeostasis and their disruption is linked to various diseases associated with aging such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The recent identification of splice variants for most STIM and Orai isoforms while complicating our understanding of their function, may also provide insight into some of the current contradictions on their roles. Therefore, the goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the molecular regulation of STIM and Orai proteins and their roles in normal physiology and diseases of aging, with a particular focus on heart disease and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John C. Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: John C. Chatham,
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Yang S, Wu Y, Wang C, Jin X. Ocular Surface Ion-Channels Are Closely Related to Dry Eye: Key Research Focus on Innovative Drugs for Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:830853. [PMID: 35308542 PMCID: PMC8927818 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.830853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant ion-channels, including various perceptual receptors, chloride channels, purinergic receptor channels, and water channels that exist on the ocular surface, play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Channel-targeting activators or inhibitor compounds, which have shown positive effects in in vivo and in vitro experiments, have become the focus of the dry eye drug research and development, and individual compounds have been applied in clinical experimental treatment. This review summarized various types of ion-channels on the ocular surface related to dry eye, their basic functions, and spatial distribution, and discussed basic and clinical research results of various channel receptor regulatory compounds. Therefore, further elucidating the relationship between ion-channels and dry eye will warrant research of dry eye targeted drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ChunYang Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Giles J, Lopez V, McConnaha E, Hayden M, Kragenbring C, Carli D, Wauson E, Tran QK. Regulation of basal autophagy by calmodulin availability. FEBS J 2022; 289:5322-5340. [PMID: 35285161 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a process that degrades cellular components to maintain homeostasis. The Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) regulates numerous cell functions but is a limiting factor due to its insufficient availability for all target proteins. However, evidence that CaM availability regulates basal autophagy is lacking. Here, we have tested this hypothesis. CaM antagonists W-7, trifluoperazine and CGS9343b cause autophagosome accumulation and inhibit basal autophagic flux in the same manner as does chloroquine. These reagents promote the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but not that of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Competitive binding assays using CaM sensors with different Ca2+ dependencies showed that chloroquine directly binds CaM in a Ca2+ -dependent fashion. The CaM antagonists have disparate effects on cytoplasmic Ca2+ , triggering from none to robust signals, indicating that their consistent inhibition of autophagy is due to inhibition of CaM and not Ca2+ . Chelating intracellular Ca2+ reduces the effect of the CaM antagonists to accumulate LC3-II, indicating that they do so by inhibiting CaM-dependent activities at basal Ca2+ level. The CaM antagonists cause lysosomal alkalinisation. Consistently, buffering CaM with a high-affinity CaM-binding protein that binds CaM at resting Ca2+ level increases lysosomal pH. Enhanced CaM buffering using a chimeric protein that contains two high-affinity CaM-binding sites that can collectively bind CaM at a large range of Ca2+ further increases lysosomal pH and increases LC3-II accumulation and AMPK activity, but not that of mTOR. These data demonstrate that CaM availability is required for basal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Giles
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Vanessa Lopez
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth McConnaha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Caleb Kragenbring
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - David Carli
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Eric Wauson
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
| | - Quang-Kim Tran
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, IA, USA
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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26
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Yuan J, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang T, Zheng Q, Li Z. Controlled Activation of TRPV1 Channels on Microglia to Boost Their Autophagy for Clearance of Alpha-Synuclein and Enhance Therapy of Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108435. [PMID: 35023596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized with accumulation of Lewy bodies with a major component of fibrillar alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Herein, boosting PD therapeutic efficacy by enhancing the autophagy of microglia to phagocytose and degrade α-syn via controlled opening of their surface TRPV1 channels with rationally designed photothermal nanoagent is reported. The Cu2- x Se-anti-TRPV1 nanoparticles (CS-AT NPs) are fabricated to target the microglia and open their surface TRPV1 channels under the second near infrared (NIR-II) laser irradiation to cause influx of Ca2+ to activate ATG5 and Ca2+ /CaMKK2/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, which promote phagocytosis and degradation of α-syn. The CS-AT NPs are efficiently delivered by focused ultrasound into striatum of PD mice with high expression of TRPV1 receptors. The athletic ability of PD mice treated by CS-AT NPs and NIR-II irradiation is significantly improved due to the phagocytotic clearance of α-syn by microglia with enhanced autophagy. The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, ionized calcium binding adapter protein 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and pSer129-α-syn (p-α-syn) of treated PD mice are almost recovered to the normal levels of healthy mice. This study provides insights into the activation of microglial autophagy by targeting surface ion channels to improve the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yuan
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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27
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Biomarkers in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: The State of the Art in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052580. [PMID: 35269723 PMCID: PMC8910056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the progressive loss of lower motor neurons, weakness and muscle atrophy. ALS lacks an effective cure and diagnosis is often made by exclusion. Thus, it is imperative to search for biomarkers. Biomarkers can help in understanding ALS pathomechanisms, identification of targets for treatment and development of effective therapies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent a valid source for biomarkers compared to cerebrospinal fluid, as they are simple to collect, and to plasma, because of the possibility of detecting lower expressed proteins. They are a reliable model for patients’ stratification. This review provides an overview on PBMCs as a potential source of biomarkers in ALS. We focused on altered RNA metabolism (coding/non-coding RNA), including RNA processing, mRNA stabilization, transport and translation regulation. We addressed protein abnormalities (aggregation, misfolding and modifications); specifically, we highlighted that SOD1 appears to be the most characterizing protein in ALS. Finally, we emphasized the correlation between biological parameters and disease phenotypes, as regards prognosis, severity and clinical features. In conclusion, even though further studies are needed to standardize the use of PBMCs as a tool for biomarker investigation, they represent a promising approach in ALS research.
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28
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Rayff da Silva P, do Nascimento Gonzaga TKS, Maia RE, Araújo da Silva B. Ionic Channels as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1834-1849. [PMID: 34370640 PMCID: PMC9886809 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that directly affects brain functions and can culminate in delayed intellectual development, problems in verbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors. Its etiology reveals a genetic basis that can be strongly influenced by socio-environmental factors. Ion channels controlled by ligand voltage-activated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels may play important roles in modulating sensory and cognitive responses, and their dysfunctions may be closely associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD. This is due to ionic flow, which is of paramount importance to maintaining physiological conditions in the central nervous system and triggers action potentials, gene expression, and cell signaling. However, since ASD is a multifactorial disease, treatment is directed only to secondary symptoms. Therefore, this research aims to gather evidence concerning the principal pathophysiological mechanisms involving ion channels in order to recognize their importance as therapeutic targets for the treatment of central and secondary ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Address correspondence to this author at the Postgraduate Program in Natural Synthetic and Bioactive Products, Heath Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba - Campus I, 58051-085, Via Ipê Amarelo, S/N, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Tel: ++55-83-99352-5595; E-mail:
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29
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Targeting CAMKK2 and SOC Channels as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Sensitizing Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells to All-Trans Retinoic Acid. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123364. [PMID: 34943872 PMCID: PMC8699360 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) play important and diverse roles in the regulation of autophagy, cell death and differentiation. Here, we investigated the impact of Ca2+ in regulating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell fate in response to the anti-cancer agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We observed that ATRA promotes calcium entry through store-operated calcium (SOC) channels into acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. This response is associated with changes in the expression profiles of ORAI1 and STIM1, two proteins involved in SOC channels activation, as well as with a significant upregulation of several key proteins associated to calcium signaling. Moreover, ATRA treatment of APL cells led to a significant activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) and its downstream effector AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), linking Ca2+ signaling to autophagy. Pharmacological inhibition of SOC channels and CAMKK2 enhanced ATRA-induced cell differentiation and death. Altogether, our results unravel an ATRA-elicited signaling pathway that involves SOC channels/CAMKK2 activation, induction of autophagy, inhibition of cellular differentiation and suppression of cell death. We suggest that SOC channels and CAMKK2 may constitute novel drug targets for potentiating the anti-cancer effect of ATRA in APL patients.
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30
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蒋 玉, 胡 芝, 关 禹, 周 陈, 邹 淑. [Research Progress in Mechanotransduction Process of Mechanical-Stress-Induced Autophagy]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:929-935. [PMID: 34841756 PMCID: PMC10408839 DOI: 10.12182/20211160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a self-protective mechanism for cells to obtain energy by degrading their own structures or substances, autophagy widely occurs in basic physiological process of all kinds of eukaryotic cells. In recent years, studies have shown that autophagy can be induced through a variety of mechanical transduction pathways when various tissues and cells are exposed to different types of mechanical stress, and cells and tissues involved can thus regulate cell metabolic functions and participate in the pathological process of a variety of diseases. The stress receptors on the cell membrane and the multiple signaling pathways and cytoskeletons have been shown to play an important role in this process. At present, due to the difficulties in the establishment of the stress loading model and the limitations in the research methods concerned, the specific mechanical transduction mechanisms of autophagy induced by mechanical stress is not clear. Therefore, more reliable in vitro and in vivo models and more advanced research methodology are needed to investigate the mechanical transduction process of autophagy induced by mechanical stress, and to promote ultimately progress in the understanding of autophagy-related diseases and their treatments. This article reviewed the regulatory role of mechanical stress on autophagy in physiological and disease processes and the signal transduction process related to autophagy induced by mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 玉坤 蒋
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 芝爱 胡
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 禹哲 关
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 陈晨 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 淑娟 邹
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 正畸科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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31
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Key Regulators of Autophagosome Closure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112814. [PMID: 34831036 PMCID: PMC8616111 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, in which cytoplasmic components are sequestered within double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and then transported into lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. Over 40 conserved autophagy-related (ATG) genes define the core machinery for the five processes of autophagy: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, and fusion. In this review, we focus on one of the least well-characterized events in autophagy, namely the closure of the isolation membrane/phagophore to form the sealed autophagosome. This process is tightly regulated by ESCRT machinery, ATG proteins, Rab GTPase and Rab-related proteins, SNAREs, sphingomyelin, and calcium. We summarize recent progress in the regulation of autophagosome closure and discuss the key questions remaining to be addressed.
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32
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Calcium Signaling Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082125. [PMID: 34440894 PMCID: PMC8394685 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal development and/or the maintenance of cellular functions. The coordination among various proteins/pumps/Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ storage in various organelles is critical in maintaining cytosolic Ca2+ levels that provide the spatial resolution needed for cellular homeostasis. An important regulatory aspect of Ca2+ homeostasis is a store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism that is activated by the depletion of Ca2+ from internal ER stores and has gained much attention for influencing functions in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Ca2+ has been shown to regulate opposing functions such as autophagy, that promote cell survival; on the other hand, Ca2+ also regulates programmed cell death processes such as apoptosis. The functional significance of the TRP/Orai channels has been elaborately studied; however, information on how they can modulate opposing functions and modulate function in excitable and non-excitable cells is limited. Importantly, perturbations in SOCE have been implicated in a spectrum of pathological neurodegenerative conditions. The critical role of autophagy machinery in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, would presumably unveil avenues for plausible therapeutic interventions for these diseases. We thus review the role of SOCE-regulated Ca2+ signaling in modulating these diverse functions in stem cell, immune regulation and neuromodulation.
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Mitini-Nkhoma SC, Chimbayo ET, Mzinza DT, Mhango DV, Chirambo AP, Mandalasi C, Lakudzala AE, Tembo DL, Jambo KC, Mwandumba HC. Something Old, Something New: Ion Channel Blockers as Potential Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665785. [PMID: 34248944 PMCID: PMC8264357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenging global health concern and claims more than a million lives every year. We lack an effective vaccine and understanding of what constitutes protective immunity against TB to inform rational vaccine design. Moreover, treatment of TB requires prolonged use of multi-drug regimens and is complicated by problems of compliance and drug resistance. While most Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli are quickly killed by the drugs, the prolonged course of treatment is required to clear persistent drug-tolerant subpopulations. Mtb’s differential sensitivity to drugs is, at least in part, determined by the interaction between the bacilli and different host macrophage populations. Therefore, to design better treatment regimens for TB, we need to understand and modulate the heterogeneity and divergent responses that Mtb bacilli exhibit within macrophages. However, developing drugs de-novo is a long and expensive process. An alternative approach to expedite the development of new TB treatments is to repurpose existing drugs that were developed for other therapeutic purposes if they also possess anti-tuberculosis activity. There is growing interest in the use of immune modulators to supplement current anti-TB drugs by enhancing the host’s antimycobacterial responses. Ion channel blocking agents are among the most promising of the host-directed therapeutics. Some ion channel blockers also interfere with the activity of mycobacterial efflux pumps. In this review, we discuss some of the ion channel blockers that have shown promise as potential anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Mitini-Nkhoma
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth T Chimbayo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David T Mzinza
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David V Mhango
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron P Chirambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Christine Mandalasi
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Agness E Lakudzala
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dumizulu L Tembo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Integrative analyses identified ion channel genes GJB2 and SCNN1B as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2021; 158:29-39. [PMID: 34111567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abnormal expressions of ion channel genes are associated with the occurrence and progression of tumors. At present, their roles in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentially expressed (DE) genes in the tumorigenesis were identified from 328 ion channel genes in 102 LUAD and paired adjacent normal samples. Similar analyses were performed between 177 metastatic and 286 non-metastatic LUAD samples to identify DE ion channel genes in the progression of LUAD. Independent prognostic factors selected from DE ion channel genes were used to construct a prognostic model. Correlation analysis and drugs-drug targets interaction network were used to screen the potential drugs for LUAD patients stratified by GJB2 or SCNN1B. RESULTS Six ion channel genes (GJB2, CACNA1D, KCNQ1, SCNN1B, SCNN1G and TRPV6) were continuous differentially expressed in the tumorigenesis and progression of LUAD. The survival analysis in four datasets with 522 LUAD samples showed that GJB2 and SCNN1B were independent prognostic biomarkers. Patients with overexpression of GJB2 or underexpression of SCNN1B had shorter overall survival. Moreover, multi-omics analysis showed that hypomethylation of GJB2 and hypermethylation of SCNN1B in the promoter region may contribute to their aberrant expressions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the overexpressed genes in the group with high GJB2 or low SCNN1B were enriched in cancer-related pathways, while the underexpressed genes were enriched in metabolism-related pathways. The prognostic model with GJB2 and SCNN1B can stratify all LUAD patients into two groups with significantly different survival. Correlation analysis and drugs-drug targets interaction network suggested that GJB2 and SCNN1B expression might have indicative therapeutic values for LUAD patients. Finally, pan-cancer analysis in other eight cancer types showed that GJB2 and SCNN1B might be also potential prognostic factors for KIRC. CONCLUSIONS GJB2 and SCNN1B were identified as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LUAD.
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Jiang F, Wu C, Wang M, Wei K, Wang J. An Autophagy-related Long Non-coding RNA Signature for Breast Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1327-1335. [PMID: 34082670 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210603122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most prevalent malignant tumor in women is breast cancer (BC). Autophagic therapies have been identified for their contribution in BC cell death. Therefore, the potential prognostic role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to autophagy in patients with BC was examined. METHODS The lncRNAs expression profiles were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Throughout univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression test, lncRNA with BC prognosis have been differentially presented. We then defined the optimal cutoff point between high and low-risk groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to test this signature. In order to examine possible signaling mechanisms linked to these lncRNAs, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) has been carried out. RESULTS Based on the lncRNA expression profiles for BC, a 9 lncRNA signature associated with autophagy was developed. The optimal cutoff value for high-risk and low-risk groups was used. The high-risk group had less survival time than the low-risk group. The result of this lncRNA signature was highly sensitive and precise. GSEA study found that the gene sets have been greatly enriched in many cancer pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our signature of 9 lncRNAs related to autophagy has prognostic value for BC, and these lncRNAs related to autophagy may play an important role in BC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Medical Service Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jimei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Chaeichi-Tehrani N, Ferns GA, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Avan A. The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Autophagy in The Treatment of Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:725-736. [PMID: 34077348 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210601113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a mechanism by which unwanted cellular components are degraded through a pathway that involves the lysosomes and contributes to several pathological conditions such as cancer. Gastrointestinal cancers affect the digestive organs from the esophagus to the anus and are among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally. The modulation of autophagy using pharmacologic agents potentially offers a great potential for cancer therapy. In this review, some commonly used compounds, together with their molecular target and the mechanism through which they stimulate or block the autophagy pathway as well as their therapeutic benefit in treating patients with gastrointestinal cancers, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Chaeichi-Tehrani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic syndrome Research centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lu JH, Wu YH, Juan TJ, Lin HY, Lin RJ, Chueh KS, Lee YC, Chang CY, Juan YS. Autophagy Alters Bladder Angiogenesis and Improves Bladder Hyperactivity in the Pathogenesis of Ketamine-Induced Cystitis in a Rat Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060488. [PMID: 34070854 PMCID: PMC8228861 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Long-term ketamine abuse may increase urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency, bladder pain, dysuria, and sometimes hematuria. Evaluation of the pathophysiological mechanism of bladder voiding dysfunction in ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC) patients is a critical step for therapy. This study uses autophagy inducer (rapamycin, mTOR inhibitor) and inhibitor (wortmannin, PI3K-III inhibitor) to identify the role of autophagy in bladder angiogenesis alteration and bladder hyperactivity improvement. Abstract The present study attempts to elucidate whether autophagy alters bladder angiogenesis, decreases inflammatory response, and ameliorates bladder hyperactivity—thereby influencing bladder function in ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC). In our methodology, female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were randomly divided into the control group, the ketamine group, the ketamine+rapamycin group, and the ketamine+wortmannin group. The bladder function, contractile activity of detrusor smooth muscle, distribution of autophagosome and autolysosome, total white blood cells (WBCs) and leukocyte differential counts, the expressions of autophagy-associated protein, angiogenesis markers, and signaling pathway molecules involved in KIC were tested, respectively. The data revealed that treatment with ketamine significantly results in bladder overactivity, enhanced interstitial fibrosis, impaired endothelium, induced eosinophil-mediated inflammation, swelling, and degraded mitochondria and organelles, inhibited angiogenesis, and elevated the phosphorylation of Akt. However, treatment with rapamycin caused an inhibitory effect on vascular formation, removed ketamine metabolites, decreased the eosinophil-mediated inflammation, and ameliorated bladder hyperactivity, leading to improve bladder function in KIC. Moreover, wortmannin treatment reduced basophil-mediated inflammatory response, improved bladder angiogenesis by increasing capillary density and VEGF expression, to reverse antiangiogenic effect to repair KIC. In conclusion, these findings suggested that autophagy could modulate inflammatory responses and angiogenesis, which improved bladder function in KIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-He Lu
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jui Juan
- Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jyh Lin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Kuang-Shun Chueh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shun Juan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101; Fax: +886-7-350-6269
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Abstract
Ion exchange between intracellular and extracellular spaces is the basic mechanism for controlling cell metabolism and signal transduction. This process is mediated by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane, or intracellular membranes that surround various organelles, in response to environmental stimuli. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is one of the lysosomal-dependent degradation pathways that maintains homeostasis through the degradation and recycling of cellular components (e.g., dysfunctional proteins and damaged organelles). Although autophagy-related (ATG) proteins play a central role in regulating the formation of autophagy-related member structures (e.g., phagophores, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes), the autophagic process also involves changes in expression and function of ion channels and transporters. Here we discuss current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate autophagy in mammalian cells, with special attention to the ion channels and transporters. We also highlight prospects for the development of drugs targeting ion channels and transporters in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Hernández-Cáceres MP, Munoz L, Pradenas JM, Pena F, Lagos P, Aceiton P, Owen GI, Morselli E, Criollo A, Ravasio A, Bertocchi C. Mechanobiology of Autophagy: The Unexplored Side of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632956. [PMID: 33718218 PMCID: PMC7952994 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper execution of cellular function, maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell survival depend on functional integration of cellular processes and correct orchestration of cellular responses to stresses. Cancer transformation is a common negative consequence of mismanagement of coordinated response by the cell. In this scenario, by maintaining the balance among synthesis, degradation, and recycling of cytosolic components including proteins, lipids, and organelles the process of autophagy plays a central role. Several environmental stresses activate autophagy, among those hypoxia, DNA damage, inflammation, and metabolic challenges such as starvation. In addition to these chemical challenges, there is a requirement for cells to cope with mechanical stresses stemming from their microenvironment. Cells accomplish this task by activating an intrinsic mechanical response mediated by cytoskeleton active processes and through mechanosensitive protein complexes which interface the cells with their mechano-environment. Despite autophagy and cell mechanics being known to play crucial transforming roles during oncogenesis and malignant progression their interplay is largely overlooked. In this review, we highlight the role of physical forces in autophagy regulation and their potential implications in both physiological as well as pathological conditions. By taking a mechanical perspective, we wish to stimulate novel questions to further the investigation of the mechanical requirements of autophagy and appreciate the extent to which mechanical signals affect this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Munoz
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology of Transforming Systems, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera M. Pradenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Investigation in Oncology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pena
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology of Transforming Systems, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lagos
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Aceiton
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology of Transforming Systems, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I. Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Investigation in Oncology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Laboratory of Autophagy and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Facultad De Odontología, Instituto De Investigación En Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Ravasio
- Laboratory for Mechanobiology of Transforming Systems, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Bertocchi
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanics of Cell Adhesion, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Juang YP, Ma HH, Wu YT, Yang WB, Cheng CW, Chen X, Chou TH, Shie JJ, Cheng WC, Chein RJ, Mao SS, Liang PH, Ma C, Hung SC, Wong CH. Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021579118. [PMID: 33452205 PMCID: PMC7865145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 μM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hung Chou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Mao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Gasdermin D restricts Burkholderia cenocepacia infection in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:855. [PMID: 33441602 PMCID: PMC7807041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia (B. cenocepacia) is an opportunistic bacterium; causing severe life threatening systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals including cystic fibrosis patients. The lack of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protects mice against endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock. On the other hand, GSDMD promotes mice survival in response to certain bacterial infections. However, the role of GSDMD during B. cenocepacia infection is not yet determined. Our in vitro study shows that GSDMD restricts B. cenocepacia replication within macrophages independent of its role in cell death through promoting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. mROS is known to stimulate autophagy, hence, the inhibition of mROS or the absence of GSDMD during B. cenocepacia infections reduces autophagy which plays a critical role in the restriction of the pathogen. GSDMD promotes inflammation in response to B. cenocepacia through mediating the release of inflammasome dependent cytokine (IL-1β) and an independent one (CXCL1) (KC). Additionally, different B. cenocepacia secretory systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) contribute to inflammasome activation together with bacterial survival within macrophages. In vivo study confirmed the in vitro findings and showed that GSDMD restricts B. cenocepacia infection and dissemination and stimulates autophagy in response to B. cenocepacia. Nevertheless, GSDMD promotes lung inflammation and necrosis in response to B. cenocepacia without altering mice survival. This study describes the double-edged functions of GSDMD in response to B. cenocepacia infection and shows the importance of GSDMD-mediated mROS in restriction of B. cenocepacia.
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Tiffner A, Derler I. Molecular Choreography and Structure of Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) and K Ca2+ Channels and Their Relevance in Disease with Special Focus on Cancer. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120425. [PMID: 33333945 PMCID: PMC7765462 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ ions play a variety of roles in the human body as well as within a single cell. Cellular Ca2+ signal transduction processes are governed by Ca2+ sensing and Ca2+ transporting proteins. In this review, we discuss the Ca2+ and the Ca2+-sensing ion channels with particular focus on the structure-function relationship of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) ion channel, the Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2+) ion channels, and their modulation via other cellular components. Moreover, we highlight their roles in healthy signaling processes as well as in disease with a special focus on cancer. As KCa2+ channels are activated via elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels, we summarize the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of the interplay of CRAC and KCa2+ ion channels and their role in cancer cell development.
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Sun J, Yu X, Xue L, Li S, Li J, Tong D, Du Y. TP53-Associated Ion Channel Genes Serve as Prognostic Predictor and Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820972344. [PMID: 33243093 PMCID: PMC7705194 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820972344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are the most occurred mutation in HNSCC which might affect the ion channel genes. We aim to investigate the ion channel gene alteration under TP53 mutation and their prognostic implication. The overall mutation status of HNSCC were explored. By screening the TP53-associated ion channel genes (TICGs), an ion channel prognostic signature (ICPS) was established through a series of machine learning algorithms. The ICPS was then evaluated and its clinical significance was explored. 82 TICGs differentially expressed between TP53WT and TP53MUT were screened. Using univariate regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis, an ICPS containing 7 ion channel genes was established. A series of evaluation was carried out which proved the predictive ability of ICPS. Functional analysis of ICPS revealed that cancer-related pathways were enriched in high-risk group. Next, for clinical application, a nomogram was constructed based on ICPS and other independent clinicopathological factors. TP53 mutation status strongly affects the expression of ion channel genes. The ICPM we have identified is a strong indicator for HNSCC prognosis and could help with patient stratification as well as identification of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Jing Sun and Xijiao Yu contributed equally to this work
| | - Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Jing Sun and Xijiao Yu contributed equally to this work
| | - Lande Xue
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxia Li
- Department of Periodontology, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, 12589Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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You L, Yang C, Du Y, Wang W, Sun M, Liu J, Ma B, Pang L, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. A Systematic Review of the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics of Matrine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01067. [PMID: 33041782 PMCID: PMC7526649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a naturally occurring alkaloid and an bioactive component of Chinese herbs, such as Sophora flavescens and Radix Sophorae tonkinensis. Emerging evidence suggests that MT possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-allergic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. These pharmacological properties form the foundation for its application in the treatment of various diseases, such as multiple types of cancers, hepatitis, skin diseases, allergic asthma, diabetic cardiomyopathy, pain, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. However, an increasing number of published studies indicate that MT has serious adverse effects, the most obvious being liver toxicity and neurotoxicity, which are major factors limiting its clinical use. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that MT has low oral bioavailability and short half-life in vivo. This review summarizes the latest advances in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of MT, with a focus on its biological properties and mechanism of action. The review provides insight into the future of research on traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baorui Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linnuo Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Sun X, Pan B, Wang Y, Xu W, Zhang S. Exogenous Calcium Improved Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by Increasing Autophagy Activity and Salicylic Acid Level in Pear. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1150-1160. [PMID: 32432513 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0101-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pear ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is one of the most serious diseases in pear. Calcium (Ca2+) was reported to play a key role in the plant defense response. Here, we found that exogenous calcium could enhance resistance to B. dothidea in pear leaves. Less H2O2 and O2- but more activated reactive oxygen species scavenge enzymes accumulated in calcium-treated leaves than in H2O-treated leaves. Moreover, the increased level of more ascorbic acid-glutathione was maintained by Ca2+ treatment under pathogen infection. The expression of core autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formations were enhanced in Ca2+-treated leaves. Silencing of PbrATG5 in Pyrus betulaefolia conferred sensitivity to inoculation, which was only slightly recovered by Ca2+ treatment. Moreover, the salicylic acid (SA) level and SA-related gene expression were induced more strongly by B. dothidea in Ca2+-treated leaves than in H2O-treated leaves. Taken together, these results demonstrated that exogenous Ca2+ enhanced resistance to B. dothidea by increasing autophagic activity and SA accumulation. Our findings reveal a new mechanism of Ca2+ in increasing the tolerance of pear to B. dothidea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bisheng Pan
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Combined Extracts of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with Budesonide Attenuate Airway Remodeling in the Asthmatic Rats by Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2319409. [PMID: 32831860 PMCID: PMC7426755 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2319409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the coadministration of budesonide (Bud) and the extracts of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (EEL) on regulating apoptosis and autophagy in asthmatic rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups (8 rats in each group): normal control (control), asthma model (asthma), Bud (1 mg Bud suspension in 50 ml sterile physiological saline for 30 min), EEL (100 mg/kg EEL), and group of coadministration of Bud and EEL (Bud&EEL, 100 mg/kg EEL plus Bud by nebulized inhalation for 30 min). Rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin for 7 weeks and treated with corresponding drug for 4 weeks. We anesthetized all rats with 25% ethyl carbamate (4 ml/kg) and took lung tissues and BALF after final ovalbumin challenge to observe the lung histopathology and morphometry; apoptosis in BALF and lung tissue; protein expressions of Ki-67, α-SMA, cleaved Caspase-3, p-mTOR, and LC3; and protein and mRNA expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, P53, mTOR, and Beclin-1. Results showed that Bud&EEL could alleviate airway remodeling, inhibit cell proliferation and autophagy in lung tissue, and promote apoptosis in BALF and lung tissue in ovalbumin-induced asthma rats through downregulating the protein expressions of α-SMA and Ki-67, the protein ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and Bcl-2/Bax, and the protein and mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and Beclin-1, while upregulating the protein expressions of cleaved Caspase-3 and p-mTOR, and the protein and mRNA expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, P53, and mTOR. Bud&EEL had better effects than single-use Bud on improving airway remodeling, promoting apoptosis, and regulating the expressions of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins. This study suggested that the effects of coadministration of EEL and Bud on regulating apoptosis and autophagy were better than those of single-use Bud treatment, and that might be the mechanism of attenuating airway remodeling, providing an alternative therapy for asthma.
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Qi Z, Wu D, Li M, Yan Z, Yang X, Ji N, Wang Y, Zhang J. The pluripotent role of exosomes in mediating non-coding RNA in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2020; 254:117761. [PMID: 32413403 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the increase of an aging population and the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) patients are on the rise every year. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of HF in patients among cardiovascular diseases. In clinic, patients with MI are often assessed by biochemical indicators, electrocardiography, brain natriuretic peptide levels, myocardial enzymology, echocardiography and other means to predict the occurrence of HF and ventricular remodeling (VR). But there is still a lack of more accurate evaluation. VR is the basic mechanism of HF. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of VR has been studied mainly from the aspects of myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, myocardial energy disorder, apoptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Exosomes are considered as the main mediators of intercellular information transmission. In addition, exosomes can promote the migration and transformation of intercellular RNAs, which are highly conserved non-coding RNAs. They can mediate the process of cell proliferation and differentiation of the target cell membrane. Exosomes have protective effects on VR after MI by inhibiting fibrosis, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis. We reviewed the specific protective mechanisms of exosomes for VR after MI. In addition, we discussed the formation of targeted exosomes and the role of non-coding RNAs in VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Qi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nan Ji
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China.
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Holman SP, Lobo AS, Novorolsky RJ, Nichols M, Fiander MDJ, Konda P, Kennedy BE, Gujar S, Robertson GS. Neuronal mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency exacerbates axonal injury and suppresses remyelination in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113430. [PMID: 32745471 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-capacity mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) is strategically positioned to support the survival and remyelination of axons in multiple sclerosis (MS) by undocking mitochondria, buffering Ca2+ and elevating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis at metabolically stressed sites. Respiratory chain deficits in MS are proposed to metabolically compromise axon survival and remyelination by suppressing MCU activity. In support of this hypothesis, clinical scores, mitochondrial dysfunction, myelin loss, axon damage and inflammation were elevated while remyelination was blocked in neuronal MCU deficient (Thy1-MCU Def) mice relative to Thy1 controls subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At the first sign of walking deficits, mitochondria in EAE/Thy1 axons showed signs of activation. By contrast, cytoskeletal damage, fragmented mitochondria and large autophagosomes were seen in EAE/Thy1-MCU Def axons. As EAE severity increased, EAE/Thy1 axons were filled with massively swollen mitochondria with damaged cristae while EAE/Thy1-MCU Def axons were riddled with late autophagosomes. ATP concentrations and mitochondrial gene expression were suppressed while calpain activity, autophagy-related gene mRNA levels and autophagosome marker (LC3) co-localization in Thy1-expressing neurons were elevated in the spinal cords of EAE/Thy1-MCU Def compared to EAE/Thy1 mice. These findings suggest that MCU inhibition contributes to axonal damage that drives MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Holman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aurelio S Lobo
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Robyn J Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Matthew Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maximillian D J Fiander
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - George S Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1348 Summer Street, Life Sciences Research Institute, North Tower, Halifax B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th Floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax B3H 2E2, Canada.
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Shen B, Wang S, Bharathi G, Li Y, Lin F, Hu R, Liu L, Qu J. Rapid and Targeted Photoactivation of Ca 2+ Channels Mediated by Squaraine To Regulate Intracellular and Intercellular Signaling Processes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8497-8505. [PMID: 32438796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an important cellular signal transduction messenger, Ca2+ has the capability to regulate cell function and control many biochemical processes, including metabolism, gene expression, and cell survival and death. Here, we introduce an accessible method for the photoactivation of Ca2+ channels mediated by squaraine (SQ) to rapidly induce cellular Ca2+ release and activate signal transduction. With a short preparation time, the maximum Ca2+ concentration increase could reach approximately 450% in 30 s, resulting from marked Ca2+ release channel opening in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This release was enhanced by another target location of SQ, that is, the outer mitochondrial-associated membrane where Ca2+ channels accumulate, and by the consequent large amounts of reactive oxygen species resulting from the respiratory chain activity stimulated by Ca2+ load. We used this method to investigate cellular signal transduction in different cancer cells and revealed rapid intracellular Ca2+ flow, unidirectional intercellular signaling processes, and neuronal signaling activity, which demonstrated the potential and convenience of the method for routine Ca2+ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ganapathi Bharathi
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fangrui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
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50
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Neubert P, Homann A, Wendelborn D, Bär AL, Krampert L, Trum M, Schröder A, Ebner S, Weichselbaum A, Schatz V, Linz P, Veelken R, Schulte-Schrepping J, Aschenbrenner AC, Quast T, Kurts C, Geisberger S, Kunzelmann K, Hammer K, Binger KJ, Titze J, Müller DN, Kolanus W, Schultze JL, Wagner S, Jantsch J. NCX1 represents an ionic Na+ sensing mechanism in macrophages. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000722. [PMID: 32569301 PMCID: PMC7307728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and infection can trigger local tissue Na+ accumulation. This Na+-rich environment boosts proinflammatory activation of monocyte/macrophage-like cells (MΦs) and their antimicrobial activity. Enhanced Na+-driven MΦ function requires the osmoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), which augments nitric oxide (NO) production and contributes to increased autophagy. However, the mechanism of Na+ sensing in MΦs remained unclear. High extracellular Na+ levels (high salt [HS]) trigger a substantial Na+ influx and Ca2+ loss. Here, we show that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1, also known as solute carrier family 8 member A1 [SLC8A1]) plays a critical role in HS-triggered Na+ influx, concomitant Ca2+ efflux, and subsequent augmented NFAT5 accumulation. Moreover, interfering with NCX1 activity impairs HS-boosted inflammatory signaling, infection-triggered autolysosome formation, and subsequent antibacterial activity. Taken together, this demonstrates that NCX1 is able to sense Na+ and is required for amplifying inflammatory and antimicrobial MΦ responses upon HS exposure. Manipulating NCX1 offers a new strategy to regulate MΦ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Homann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wendelborn
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lorena Bär
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luka Krampert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Trum
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Institute of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Weichselbaum
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrina J. Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jens Titze
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dominik N. Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics & Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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