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Li W, Yao C, Guo H, Ni X, Zhu R, Wang Y, Yu B, Feng X, Gu Z, Da Z. Macrophages communicate with mesangial cells through the CXCL12/DPP4 axis in lupus nephritis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:344. [PMID: 38762508 PMCID: PMC11102518 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 50% of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is one of the most serious complications that can occur during lupus progression. Mesangial cells (MCs) are intrinsic cells in the kidney that can regulate capillary blood flow, phagocytose apoptotic cells, and secrete vasoactive substances and growth factors. Previous studies have shown that various types of inflammatory cells can activate MCs for hyperproliferation, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier and impairment of renal function in LN. Here, we characterized the heterogeneity of kidney cells of LN mice by single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and revealed the interaction between macrophages and MCs through the CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) axis. In culture, macrophages modulated the proliferation and migration of MCs through this ligand-receptor interaction. In LN mice, treatment with linagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, effectively inhibited MC proliferation and reduced urinary protein levels. Together, our findings indicated that targeting the CXCL12/DPP4 axis with linagliptin treatment may serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of LN via the CXCL12/DPP4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixia Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi'an Ni
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Neamțu M, Bild V, Vasincu A, Arcan OD, Bulea D, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Macadan I, Sciucă AM, Neamțu A. Inflammasome Molecular Insights in Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3502-3532. [PMID: 38666950 PMCID: PMC11048795 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) emerge due to an irregular immune response towards self- and non-self-antigens. Inflammation commonly accompanies these conditions, with inflammatory factors and inflammasomes playing pivotal roles in their progression. Key concepts in molecular biology, inflammation, and molecular mimicry are crucial to understanding AID development. Exposure to foreign antigens can cause inflammation, potentially leading to AIDs through molecular mimicry triggered by cross-reactive epitopes. Molecular mimicry emerges as a key mechanism by which infectious or chemical agents trigger autoimmunity. In certain susceptible individuals, autoreactive T or B cells may be activated by a foreign antigen due to resemblances between foreign and self-peptides. Chronic inflammation, typically driven by abnormal immune responses, is strongly associated with AID pathogenesis. Inflammasomes, which are vital cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to infections and stress, are crucial to activating inflammatory processes in macrophages. Chronic inflammation, characterized by prolonged tissue injury and repair cycles, can significantly damage tissues, thereby increasing the risk of AIDs. Inhibiting inflammasomes, particularly in autoinflammatory disorders, has garnered significant interest, with pharmaceutical advancements targeting cytokines and inflammasomes showing promise in AID management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neamțu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Oana Dana Arcan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Delia Bulea
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Maria Sciucă
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Neamțu
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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陈 君, 黄 传, 李 明. [ Jianpi Zishen granule inhibits podocyte autophagy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a network pharmacology and clinical study]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:465-473. [PMID: 38597437 PMCID: PMC11006693 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Jianpi Zishen (JPZS) granules for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in light of podocyte autophagy regulation. METHODS TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases were used to obtain the targets of JPZS granules, SLE, and podocyte autophagy. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape, and the key active ingredients and targets were screened for molecular docking. In the clinical study, 46 patients with SLE were randomized into two groups to receive baseline treatment with prednisone acetate and mycophenolate mofetil (control group) and additional treatment with JPZS granules (observation group) for 12 weeks, with 10 healthy volunteers as the healthy control group. Urinary levels of nephrin and synaptopodin of the patients were detected with ELISA. Western blotting was performed to determine peripheral blood levels of p-JAK1/JAK1, p-STAT1/STAT1, LC3II/LC3I, and p62 proteins of the participants. RESULTS Four key active ingredients and 5 core target genes (STAT1, PIK3CG, MAPK1, PRKCA, and CJA1) were obtained, and enrichment analysis identified the potentially involved signaling pathways including AGE-RAGE, JAK/STAT, EGFR, and PI3K/Akt. Molecular docking analysis showed that STAT1 was the most promising target protein with the highest binding activity, suggesting its role as an important mediator for signal transduction after JPZS granule treatment. In the 43 SLE patients available for analysis, treatment with JPZS granule significantly reduced serum levels of p-JAK1/JAK1, p-STAT1/STAT1, and LC3II/LC3I (P < 0.05 or 0.01), increased the protein level of P62 (P < 0.05), and reduced urinary levels of nephrin and synaptopodin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of JPZS granules on SLE is mediated probably by coordinated actions of quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, and isorhamnetin on their target gene STAT1 to inhibit the JAK/STAT pathway, thus suppressing autophagy and alleviating podocyte injuries in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- 君洁 陈
- 安徽中医药大学第一临床医学院,安徽 合肥 230000First Clinical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, China
| | - 传兵 黄
- 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科,安徽 合肥 230031Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - 明 李
- 安徽中医药大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科,安徽 合肥 230031Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
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Pan M, Hu T, Lyu J, Yin Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Xu L, Hu H, Wang C. CSNK1A1/CK1α suppresses autoimmunity by restraining the CGAS-STING1 signaling. Autophagy 2024; 20:311-328. [PMID: 37723657 PMCID: PMC10813568 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2256135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) is the quintessential protein in the CGAS-STING1 signaling pathway, crucial for the induction of type I IFN (interferon) production and eliciting innate immunity. Nevertheless, the overactivation or sustained activation of STING1 has been closely associated with the onset of autoimmune disorders. Notably, the majority of these disorders manifest as an upregulated expression of type I interferons and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Hence, strict regulation of STING1 activity is paramount to preserve immune homeostasis. Here, we reported that CSNK1A1/CK1α, a serine/threonine protein kinase, was essential to prevent the overactivation of STING1-mediated type I IFN signaling through autophagic degradation of STING1. Mechanistically, CSNK1A1 interacted with STING1 upon the CGAS-STING1 pathway activation and promoted STING1 autophagic degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of SQSTM1/p62 at serine 351 (serine 349 in human), which was critical for SQSTM1-mediated STING1 autophagic degradation. Consistently, SSTC3, a selective CSNK1A1 agonist, significantly attenuated the response of the CGAS-STING1 signaling by promoting STING1 autophagic degradation. Importantly, pharmacological activation of CSNK1A1 using SSTC3 markedly repressed the systemic autoinflammatory responses in the trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model and effectively suppressed the production of IFNs and ISGs in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Taken together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of CSNK1A1 in the autophagic degradation of STING1 to maintain immune homeostasis. Manipulating CSNK1A1 through SSTC3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating STING1-mediated aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune diseases.Abbreviations: BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; cGAMP: cyclic GMP-AMP; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; HTDNA: herring testes DNA; IFIT1: interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1; IFNA4: interferon alpha 4; IFNB: interferon beta; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; ISD: interferon stimulatory DNA; ISGs: IFN-stimulated genes; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RSAD2: radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingxiao Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Jiang H, Shen Z, Zhuang J, Lu C, Qu Y, Xu C, Yang S, Tian X. Understanding the podocyte immune responses in proteinuric kidney diseases: from pathogenesis to therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1335936. [PMID: 38288116 PMCID: PMC10822972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1335936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The glomerular filtration barrier, comprising the inner layer of capillary fenestrated endothelial cells, outermost podocytes, and the glomerular basement membrane between them, plays a pivotal role in kidney function. Podocytes, terminally differentiated epithelial cells, are challenging to regenerate once injured. They are essential for maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. Damage to podocytes, resulting from intrinsic or extrinsic factors, leads to proteinuria in the early stages and eventually progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Immune-mediated podocyte injury is a primary pathogenic mechanism in proteinuric glomerular diseases, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and lupus nephritis with podocyte involvement. An extensive body of evidence indicates that podocytes not only contribute significantly to the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier and serve as targets of immune responses but also exhibit immune cell-like characteristics, participating in both innate and adaptive immunity. They play a pivotal role in mediating glomerular injury and represent potential therapeutic targets for CKD. This review aims to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of podocyte immune injury in various podocyte lesions and provide an overview of recent advances in podocyte immunotherapy. It offers valuable insights for a deeper understanding of the role of podocytes in proteinuric glomerular diseases, and the identification of new therapeutic targets, and has significant implications for the future clinical diagnosis and treatment of podocyte-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhirang Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Liu SY, Chen H, He LJ, Huang CK, Wang P, Rui ZR, Wu J, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Wang WJ, Wang XD. Changes in macrophage infiltration and podocyte injury in lupus nephritis patients with repeated renal biopsy: Report of three cases. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:188-195. [PMID: 38292643 PMCID: PMC10824197 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i1.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we retrospectively analysed macrophage infiltration and podocyte injury in three patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) who underwent repeated renal biopsy. CASE SUMMARY Clinical data of three diffuse proliferative LN patients with different pathological characteristics (case 1 was LN IV-G (A), case 2 was LN IV-G (A) + V, and case 3 was LN IV-G (A) + thrombotic microangiopathy) were reviewed. All patients underwent repeated renal biopsies 6 mo later, and renal biopsy specimens were studied. Macrophage infiltration was assessed by CD68 expression detected by immunohistochemical staining, and an immunofluorescence assay was used to detect podocin expression to assess podocyte damage. After treatment, Case 1 changed to LN III-(A), Case 2 remained as type V LN lesions, and Case 3, which changed to LN IV-S (A), had the worst prognosis. We observed reduced macrophage infiltration after therapy. However, two of the patients with active lesions after treatment still showed macrophage infiltration in the renal interstitium. Before treatment, the three patients showed discontinuous expression of podocin. Notably, the integrity of podocin was restored after treatment in Case 1. CONCLUSION It may be possible to reverse podocyte damage and decrease the infiltrating macrophages in LN patients through effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Jia He
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chun-Kai Huang
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhang-Ru Rui
- Department of Nephropathy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jue Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Nephropathy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wen-Ju Wang
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Dong L, Song Z. Cordyceps cicadae ameliorates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis by targeting the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway in the renal of MRL/lpr mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1168. [PMID: 38270299 PMCID: PMC10808846 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of systemic lupus erythematosus patients develop lupus nephritis (LN) with severe renal manifestations, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The purpose of this research was to investigate Cordyceps cicadae as a potential therapeutic target for treating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in LN. METHODS The effects of C. cicadae on lupus symptoms in mice with LN were determined. MRL/lpr mice were treated with C. cicadae (4 g/kg/day, i.e., CC group, n = 8) or an equal volume of saline (model group, n = 8), and MRL/MP mice were treated with an equal volume of saline (control group, n = 8). Renal function indices, renal pathology, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and renal interstitial fibrosis levels were evaluated after C. cicadae treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effect of C. cicadae on the expression of fibrosis biomarkers and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated autophagy pathway in the renal tissues of mice. RESULTS C. cicadae ameliorated renal lesions, the inflammatory response, and oxidative stress damage in MRL/lpr mice. C. cicadae treatment inhibited renal fibrosis (16.31 ± 4.16 vs. 31.25 ± 5.61) and downregulated the expression of the fibrosis biomarkers alpha-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen I (COL I) in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice. In addition, further research showed that the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway was involved in C. cicadae-mediated effects on renal fibrosis in MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of C. cicadae on repairing renal fibrosis and damage in MRL/lpr mice was abolished by the PI3K agonist 740 Y-P. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present research showed that C. cicadae could alleviate inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the renal tissues of mice with LN by targeting the PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
| | - Zhichao Song
- Department of RheumatologyYantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYantai CityShandongChina
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Li M, Weng L, Yu D, Yang G, Hao J. Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps induced by autophagy and identification of autophagy-related biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14881. [PMID: 37539924 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal death of neutrophils and the subsequent ineffective clearance of cell fragments result in production of autoantigens that can lead to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can trigger the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons, leading to tissue damage and immune dysfunction in SLE patients. In this study, we found that a decrease in neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood was correlated with clinical parameters in SLE patients. Patients with low neutrophil counts had high renal activity index and chronicity index scores. NET formation and neutrophil autophagy in SLE patients were increased. The autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine was shown to restrict NET formation. Using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, we found that the expression of the autophagy-related gene, hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), was enhanced in peripheral neutrophils and in the renal glomeruli in SLE patients. Targeting HIF1A could be a potential therapeutic approach for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luobei Weng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Mycology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Datang Yu
- Department of urology, The 74th Group Army Hospital of the PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Fang Y, Liu J. Downregulation of TRPC6 regulates ERK1/2 to prevent sublytic C5b‑9 complement complex‑induced podocyte injury through activating autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:576. [PMID: 38023364 PMCID: PMC10652242 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a common glomerular disease, in which 50-60% of patients can progress to end-stage renal disease within 10-20 years, seriously endangering human health. Podocyte injury is the direct cause of IMN. Sublytic C5b-9 complement complex induces damage in podocytes' structure and function. In sublytic C5b-9 treated podocytes, the expression of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) is increased. However, the specific mechanism of TRPC6 in sublytic C5b-9 treated podocytes is unclear. The present study aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of TRPC6 on sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. Normal human serum was stimulated using zymosan to form C5b-9. A lactate dehydrogenase release assay was used to examine C5b-9 cytotoxicity in podocytes. The RNA and protein expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescent assay, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were carried out to test the viability and apoptosis of podocytes, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagic vacuole. F-actin was tested through phalloidin staining. Sublytic C5b-9 was deposited and TRPC6 expression was boosted in podocytes stimulated through zymosan activation serum. Knockdown of TRPC6 raised the viability and reduced the apoptosis rate of sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. Meanwhile, transfection of small-interfering (si)TRPC6 facilitated autophagy progression and enhanced the activation of cathepsin B/L in sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was receded in siTRPC6 and sublytic C5b-9 co-treated podocytes. Moreover, the addition of the ERK1/2 activator partially reversed the effect of TRPC6 inhibition on sublytic C5b-9-induced podocytes. TRPC6 knockdown reduced the damage of sublytic C5b-9 to podocytes by weakening the ERK1/2 phosphorylation level to activate autophagy. These results indicated that targeting TRPC6 reduced the injury of sublytic C5b-9 on podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Youfu Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 262550, P.R. China
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10
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Zou H, Chen M, Wang X, Yu J, Li X, Xie Y, Liu J, Liu M, Xu L, Zhang Q, Tian X, Zhang F, Guo B. C/EBPβ isoform-specific regulation of podocyte pyroptosis in lupus nephritis-induced renal injury. J Pathol 2023; 261:269-285. [PMID: 37602503 DOI: 10.1002/path.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
As an essential factor in the prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis (LN) can accelerate the rate at which patients with SLE can transition to chronic kidney disease or even end-stage renal disease. Podocytes now appear to be a possible direct target in LN in addition to being prone to collateral damage from glomerular capillary lesions induces by immune complexes and inflammatory processes. The NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the role and mechanism of C/EBPβ in LN remain unclear. In this investigation, glomerular podocytes treated with LN serum and MRL/lpr mice were employed as in vivo and in vitro models of LN, respectively. In vivo, the expression of C/EBPβ isoforms was detected in kidney specimens of humans and mice with LN. Then we assessed the effect of C/EBPβ inhibition on renal structure and function by injecting RNAi adeno-associated virus of C/EBPβ shRNA into MRL/lpr mice. In vitro, glomerular podocytes were treated with LN serum and C/EBPβ siRNA to explore the role of C/EBPβ in the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and podocyte injury. C/EBPβ-LAP and C/EBPβ-LIP were significantly overexpressed in kidney tissue samples from LN patients and mice, and C/EBPβ inhibition significantly alleviated renal function damage and ameliorated renal structural deficiencies. Inflammatory pathways downstream from the AIM2 inflammasome could be suppressed by C/EBPβ knockdown. Furthermore, the upregulation of C/EBPβ-LAP could activate the AIM2 inflammasome and podocyte pyroptosis by binding to the promoters of AIM2 and CASPASE1 to enhance their expression, and the knockdown of AIM2 or (and) caspase-1 reversed the effects of C/EBPβ-LAP overexpression. Interestingly, C/EBPβ-LIP overexpression could transcriptionally inhibit IRAG and promote Ca2+ release-mediated activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. This finding suggests that C/EBPβ is not only involved in the regulation of the expression of key proteins of the AIM2 inflammasome but also affects the polymerization of key proteins of the AIM2 inflammasome through the regulation of Ca2+ release. In conclusion, this study provides a new idea for studying the regulatory mechanism of C/EBPβ and provides a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of LN in the future. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Zou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Tian
- School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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11
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Lu J, Li XQ, Chen PP, Zhang JX, Liu L, Wang GH, Liu XQ, Jiang TT, Wang MY, Liu WT, Ruan XZ, Ma KL. Activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 mediates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165817. [PMID: 37870960 PMCID: PMC10619493 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria and podocyte injury are the key cellular events in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a nucleocytosolic enzyme responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in mammalian cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible roles of ACSS2 in kidney injury in DN. We constructed an ACSS2-deleted mouse model to investigate the role of ACSS2 in podocyte dysfunction and kidney injury in diabetic mouse models. In vitro, podocytes were chosen and transfected with ACSS2 siRNA and ACSS2 inhibitor and treated with high glucose. We found that ACSS2 expression was significantly elevated in the podocytes of patients with DN and diabetic mice. ACSS2 upregulation promoted phenotype transformation and inflammatory cytokine expression while inhibiting podocytes' autophagy. Conversely, ACSS2 inhibition improved autophagy and alleviated podocyte injury. Furthermore, ACSS2 epigenetically activated raptor expression by histone H3K9 acetylation, promoting activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of ACSS2 in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model greatly ameliorated kidney injury and podocyte dysfunction. To conclude, ACSS2 activation promoted podocyte injury in DN by raptor/mTORC1-mediated autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xiu Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Qi Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Ting Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Ying Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Tao Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Zhong Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Ejma-Multański A, Wajda A, Paradowska-Gorycka A. Cell Cultures as a Versatile Tool in the Research and Treatment of Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2489. [PMID: 37887333 PMCID: PMC10605903 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are an important part of the research and treatment of autoimmune connective tissue diseases. By culturing the various cell types involved in ACTDs, researchers are able to broaden the knowledge about these diseases that, in the near future, may lead to finding cures. Fibroblast cultures and chondrocyte cultures allow scientists to study the behavior, physiology and intracellular interactions of these cells. This helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms of ACTDs, including inflammation, immune dysregulation and tissue damage. Through the analysis of gene expression patterns, surface proteins and cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and endothelial cell cultures researchers can identify potential biomarkers that can help in diagnosing, monitoring disease activity and predicting patient's response to treatment. Moreover, cell culturing of mesenchymal stem cells and skin modelling in ACTD research and treatment help to evaluate the effects of potential drugs or therapeutics on specific cell types relevant to the disease. Culturing cells in 3D allows us to assess safety, efficacy and the mechanisms of action, thereby aiding in the screening of potential drug candidates and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays, personalized medicine is increasingly mentioned as a future way of dealing with complex diseases such as ACTD. By culturing cells from individual patients and studying patient-specific cells, researchers can gain insights into the unique characteristics of the patient's disease, identify personalized treatment targets, and develop tailored therapeutic strategies for better outcomes. Cell culturing can help in the evaluation of the effects of these therapies on patient-specific cell populations, as well as in predicting overall treatment response. By analyzing changes in response or behavior of patient-derived cells to a treatment, researchers can assess the response effectiveness to specific therapies, thus enabling more informed treatment decisions. This literature review was created as a form of guidance for researchers and clinicians, and it was written with the use of the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ejma-Multański
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.P.-G.)
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13
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Zhang L, Miao M, Xu X, Bai M, Wu M, Zhang A. From Physiology to Pathology: The Role of Mitochondria in Acute Kidney Injuries and Chronic Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:342-357. [PMID: 37901706 PMCID: PMC10601966 DOI: 10.1159/000530485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal diseases remain an increasing public health issue affecting millions of people. The kidney is a highly energetic organ that is rich in mitochondria. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of mitochondria in maintaining normal kidney function and in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including acute kidney injuries (AKIs) and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Summary Under physiological conditions, fine-tuning mitochondrial energy balance, mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion processes), mitophagy, and biogenesis maintain mitochondrial fitness. While under AKI and CKD conditions, disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism leads to increased oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics shift to excessive mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial autophagy is impaired, and mitochondrial biogenesis is also compromised. These mitochondrial injuries regulate renal cellular functions either directly or indirectly. Mitochondria-targeted approaches, containing genetic (microRNAs) and pharmaceutical methods (mitochondria-targeting antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability pore inhibitors, mitochondrial fission inhibitors, and biogenesis activators), are emerging as important therapeutic strategies for AKIs and CKDs. Key Messages Mitochondria play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AKIs and CKDs. This review provides an updated overview of mitochondrial homeostasis under physiological conditions and the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in renal diseases. Finally, we summarize the current status of mitochondria-targeted strategies in attenuating renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Zhao XY, Li SS, He YX, Yan LJ, Lv F, Liang QM, Gan YH, Han LP, Xu HD, Li YC, Qi YY. SGLT2 inhibitors alleviated podocyte damage in lupus nephritis by decreasing inflammation and enhancing autophagy. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1328-1340. [PMID: 37487609 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The protective role of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in renal outcomes has been revealed by large cardiovascular outcome trials among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on lupus nephritis (LN) and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS We applied empagliflozin treatment to lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice to explore the renal protective potential of SGLT2 inhibitors. An SGLT2 knockout monoclonal podocyte cell line was generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms. RESULTS In MRL/lpr mice treated with empagliflozin, the levels of mouse anti-dsDNA IgG-specific antibodies, serum creatinine and proteinuria were markedly decreased. For renal pathology assessment, both the glomerular and tubulointerstitial damages were lessened by administration of empagliflozin. The levels of SGLT2 expression were increased and colocalised with decreased synaptopodin in the renal biopsy samples from patients with LN and MRL/lpr mice with nephritis. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin could alleviated podocyte injury by attenuating inflammation and enhanced autophagy by reducing mTORC1 activity. Nine patients with LN treated with SGLT2 inhibitors with more than 2 months of follow-up showed that the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in proteinuria from 29.6% to 96.3%. Moreover, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was relatively stable during the treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION This study confirmed the renoprotective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in lupus mice, providing more evidence for non-immunosuppressive therapies to improve renal function in classic autoimmune kidney diseases such as LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Xin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Jie Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fu Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Meng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Pei Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong-de Xu
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Chun Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Henan, China
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Li HY, Huang LF, Huang XR, Wu D, Chen XC, Tang JX, An N, Liu HF, Yang C. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: Potential Therapeutic Target. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:7625817. [PMID: 37692838 PMCID: PMC10484658 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7625817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Approximately one-third to two-thirds of the patients with SLE progress to lupus nephritis (LN). The pathogenesis of SLE and LN has not yet been fully elucidated, and effective treatment for both conditions is lacking. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle and is a site of protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage. Under stress, the function of ER is disrupted, and the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins occurs in ER, resulting in an ER stress (ERS) response. ERS is involved in the dysfunction of B cells, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and other immune cells, causing immune system disorders, such as SLE. In addition, ERS is also involved in renal resident cell injury and contributes to the progression of LN. The molecular chaperones, autophagy, and proteasome degradation pathways inhibit ERS and restore ER homeostasis to improve the dysfunction of immune cells and renal resident cell injury. This may be a therapeutic strategy for SLE and LN. In this review, we summarize advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Li-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Xiao-Cui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ning An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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16
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Wang L, Liu H, Wang Y, Hong X, Huang X, Han M, Wang D, Shan W, Li P, Gu H, Liu B, Bao K. Sanqi Qushi Granule Alleviates Proteinuria and Podocyte Damage in NS Rat: A Network Pharmacology Study and in vivo Experimental Validation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1847-1861. [PMID: 37360573 PMCID: PMC10289100 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s403617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its numerous complications remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Sanqi Qushi granule (SQG) is clinically effective in NS. However, its potential mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Methods A network pharmacology approach was employed in this study. Based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, potential active ingredients were picked out. After acquiring overlapping targets for drug genes and disease-related genes, a component-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) were constructed using Cytoscape, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Adriamycin was injected into adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via the tail vein to establish NS model. Kidney histology, 24-hr urinary protein level, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) level were assessed. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL staining were applied. Results In total, 144 latent targets in SQG acting on NS were screened by a network pharmacology study, containing AKT, Bax, and Bcl-2. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that PI3K/AKT pathway was enriched primarily. In vivo validation results revealed that SQG intervention ameliorated urine protein level and podocyte lesions in the NS model. Moreover, SQG therapy significantly inhibited renal cells apoptosis and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Moreover, we found that Caspase-3 regulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in NS rats, which mediated the anti-apoptosis effect. Conclusion By combining network pharmacology with experimental verification in vivo, this work confirmed the treatment efficacy of SQG for NS. SQG protected podocyte from injury and inhibited kidney apoptosis in NS rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway at least partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoliang Liu
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoFan Hong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaoru Han
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haowen Gu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Bao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Tsai CY, Li KJ, Shen CY, Lu CH, Lee HT, Wu TH, Ng YY, Tsao YP, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. Decipher the Immunopathological Mechanisms and Set Up Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Patients with Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10066. [PMID: 37373215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditionally, LN is regarded as an immune complex (IC) deposition disease led by dsDNA-anti-dsDNA-complement interactions in the subendothelial and/or subepithelial basement membrane of glomeruli to cause inflammation. The activated complements in the IC act as chemoattractants to chemically attract both innate and adaptive immune cells to the kidney tissues, causing inflammatory reactions. However, recent investigations have unveiled that not only the infiltrating immune-related cells, but resident kidney cells, including glomerular mesangial cells, podocytes, macrophage-like cells, tubular epithelial cells and endothelial cells, may also actively participate in the inflammatory and immunological reactions in the kidney. Furthermore, the adaptive immune cells that are infiltrated are genetically restricted to autoimmune predilection. The autoantibodies commonly found in SLE, including anti-dsDNA, are cross-reacting with not only a broad spectrum of chromatin substances, but also extracellular matrix components, including α-actinin, annexin II, laminin, collagen III and IV, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Besides, the glycosylation on the Fab portion of IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies can also affect the pathogenic properties of the autoantibodies in that α-2,6-sialylation alleviates, whereas fucosylation aggravates their nephritogenic activity. Some of the coexisting autoantibodies, including anti-cardiolipin, anti-C1q, anti-ribosomal P autoantibodies, may also enhance the pathogenic role of anti-dsDNA antibodies. In clinical practice, the identification of useful biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and following up on LN is quite important for its treatments. The development of a more specific therapeutic strategy to target the pathogenic factors of LN is also critical. We will discuss these issues in detail in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital & College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Lee
- MacKay Memorial Hospital & MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Yung Ng
- Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital & College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Tsao
- Division of Holistic and Multidisciplinary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
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18
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Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with DNASE1L3·Deficiency Have a Distinctive and Specific Genic Circular DNA Profile in Plasma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071061. [PMID: 37048133 PMCID: PMC10093232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free (cf) extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has a potential clinical application as a biomarker. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with a complex immunological pathogenesis, associated with autoantibody synthesis. A previous study found that SLE patients with deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3 (DNASE1L3) deficiency exhibit changes in the frequency of short and long eccDNA in plasma compared to controls. Here, using the DifCir method for differential analysis of short-read sequenced purified eccDNA data based on the split-read signal of the eccDNA on circulomics data, we show that SLE patients with DNASE1L3 deficiency have a distinctive profile of eccDNA excised by gene regions compared to controls. Moreover, this profile is specific; cf-eccDNA from the top 93 genes is detected in all SLE with DNASE1L3 deficiency samples, and none in the control plasma. The top protein coding gene producing eccDNA-carrying gene fragments is the transcription factor BARX2, which is involved in skeletal muscle morphogenesis and connective tissue development. The top gene ontology terms are ‘positive regulation of torc1 signaling’ and ‘chondrocyte development’. The top Harmonizome terms are ‘lymphopenia’, ‘metabolic syndrome x’, ‘asthma’, ‘cardiovascular system disease‘, ‘leukemia’, and ‘immune system disease’. Here, we show that gene associations of cf-eccDNA can serve as a biomarker in the autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gerovska
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Calle Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Calle María Díaz Harokoa 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (M.J.A.-B.)
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19
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Peng B, Li J, Yan Y, Liu Y, Liang Q, Liu W, Thakur A, Zhang K, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhang F. Non-coding RNAs: The recently accentuated molecules in the regulation of cell autophagy for ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1162045. [PMID: 37063265 PMCID: PMC10102359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1162045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-recycling and conserved process, in which the senescent cytoplasmic components are degraded in cells and then recycled to maintain homeostatic balance. Emerging evidence has suggested the involvement of autophagy in oncogenesis and progression of various cancers, such as ovarian cancer (OC). Meanwhile, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) frequently regulate the mRNA transcription and other functional signaling pathways in cell autophagy, displaying promising roles in human cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic response. This article mainly reviews the cutting-edge research advances about the interactions between ncRNAs and autophagy in OC. This review not only summarizes the underlying mechanisms of dynamic ncRNA-autophagy association in OC, but also discusses their prognostic implications and therapeutic biomarkers. The aim of this review was to provide a more in-depth knowledge framework exploring the ncRNA-autophagy crosstalk and highlight the promising treatment strategies for OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Zhang,
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20
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Zou L, Sun L, Hua R, Wu Y, Sun L, Chen T. Degradation of Ubiquitin-Editing Enzyme A20 following Autophagy Activation Promotes RNF168 Nuclear Translocation and NF-κB Activation in Lupus Nephritis. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:428-441. [PMID: 36944318 PMCID: PMC10090963 DOI: 10.1159/000527624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 and E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein (RNF) 168 has been reported to be critical for repair of DNA damage. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of this regulatory interaction in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). The expression of RNF168 and A20 was measured in the podocytes derived from MRL/lpr murine lupus as well as patients with LN. Cell-based studies using renal podocytes bearing silenced RNF168, over-expressed A20, autophagy-related gene (Atg) 5 (a ubiquitin-like modifier), or silenced Atg5 were used to assess the effect of RNF168, A20, and Atg5 on DNA damage repair and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in LN. It was found that podocyte autophagy was over-activated in LN and the abnormal podocyte autophagy led to down-regulation of A20, up-regulation of RNF168, and activation of the NF-κB. RNF168 silencing or A20 restoration inhibited activation of NF-κB pathway and promoted repair of DNA damage, where the level of autophagy was not changed. Activated A20 in podocytes weakened the promoting action of cell autophagy on RNF168. The current results suggest that RNF168 dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of LN via down-regulation of A20 expression. Autophagy and RNF168 may be therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Zou
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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21
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The role of lysosomes in metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:366-383. [PMID: 36894628 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that contribute to the degradation of intracellular constituents through autophagy and of extracellular components through endocytosis, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. They also have roles in secretory mechanisms, the generation of extracellular vesicles and certain cell death pathways. These functions make lysosomes central organelles in cell homeostasis, metabolic regulation and responses to environment changes including nutrient stresses, endoplasmic reticulum stress and defects in proteostasis. Lysosomes also have important roles in inflammation, antigen presentation and the maintenance of long-lived immune cells. Their functions are tightly regulated by transcriptional modulation via TFEB and TFE3, as well as by major signalling pathways that lead to activation of mTORC1 and mTORC2, lysosome motility and fusion with other compartments. Lysosome dysfunction and alterations in autophagy processes have been identified in a wide variety of diseases, including autoimmune, metabolic and kidney diseases. Deregulation of autophagy can contribute to inflammation, and lysosomal defects in immune cells and/or kidney cells have been reported in inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies with kidney involvement. Defects in lysosomal activity have also been identified in several pathologies with disturbances in proteostasis, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases such as Parkinson disease, diabetes mellitus and lysosomal storage diseases. Targeting lysosomes is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy to regulate inflammation and metabolism in a variety of pathologies.
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22
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Tian R, Yuan L, Huang Y, Zhang R, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. Perturbed autophagy intervenes systemic lupus erythematosus by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1053602. [PMID: 36733375 PMCID: PMC9887156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common multisystem, multiorgan heterozygous autoimmune disease. The main pathological features of the disease are autoantibody production and immune complex deposition. Autophagy is an important mechanism to maintain cell homeostasis. Autophagy functional abnormalities lead to the accumulation of apoptosis and induce the autoantibodies that result in immune disorders. Therefore, improving autophagy may alleviate the development of SLE. For SLE, glucocorticoids or immunosuppressive agents are commonly used in clinical treatment, but long-term use of these drugs causes serious side effects in humans. Immunosuppressive agents are expensive. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are widely used for immune diseases due to their low toxicity and few side effects. Many recent studies found that TCM and its active ingredients affected the pathological development of SLE by regulating autophagy. This article explains how autophagy interferes with immune system homeostasis and participates in the occurrence and development of SLE. It also summarizes several studies on TCM-regulated autophagy intervention in SLE to generate new ideas for basic research, the development of novel medications, and the clinical treatment of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China,Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei MinZu University, Enshi, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Enshi, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Xing-Zhen Chen, ; Cefan Zhou, ; Jingfeng Tang,
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xing-Zhen Chen, ; Cefan Zhou, ; Jingfeng Tang,
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National “111’’ Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education and Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China,Lead Contact, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xing-Zhen Chen, ; Cefan Zhou, ; Jingfeng Tang,
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23
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Zhou XJ, Zhong XH, Duan LX. Integration of artificial intelligence and multi-omics in kidney diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:126-148. [PMID: 38933564 PMCID: PMC11197676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Currently, the diagnosis of kidney diseases and the grading of their severity are mainly based on clinical features, which do not reveal the underlying molecular pathways. More recent surge of ∼omics studies has greatly catalyzed disease research. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened the avenue for the efficient integration and interpretation of big datasets for discovering clinically actionable knowledge. This review discusses how AI and multi-omics can be applied and integrated, to offer opportunities to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic means in kidney diseases. The combination of new technology and novel analysis pipelines can lead to breakthroughs in expanding our understanding of disease pathogenesis, shedding new light on biomarkers and disease classification, as well as providing possibilities of precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Kidney Genetics Center, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xu-Hui Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Duan
- The Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu 611731, China
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24
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Lv X, Wang J, Zhang L, Shao X, Lin Y, Liu H, Ma G, Li J, Zhou S, Yu P. Canagliflozin reverses Th1/Th2 imbalance and promotes podocyte autophagy in rats with membranous nephropathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993869. [PMID: 36531996 PMCID: PMC9751039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors significantly delay renal outcomes in patients with CKD, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin attenuates podocyte injury by reversing the imbalance in Helper T cell 1 (Th1)/Helper T cell 2 (Th2) in peripheral blood of rats with membranous nephropathy (MN). MN rats were gavaged with canagliflozin (10 mg/kg/d) and losartan (10 mg/kg/d), respectively, for eight weeks. Compared with the MN group, the urinary ratio of total protein and the creatinine levels of the canagliflozin group decreased significantly. Canagliflozin improved the glomerulus pathological damage, increased the expression levels of podocyte marker proteins. The protective effect of canagliflozin on kidneys was more obvious than that of losartan. Treatment with canagliflozin increased the proportion of Th1 cells by 2.3 times, decreased the proportion of Th2 cells by 68.5%, and significantly restrained the synthesis of immunoglobulin G1 in B-cells and glomerulus subepithelial immune complex deposition. Co-culture of B-cells derived from MN rats with podocytes triggered the activation of phosphorylation of mTOR and ULK1 of podocytes, inhibited podocyte autophagy and resulted in podocyte injury. B-cells derived from canagliflozin treatment rats reversed these effects above. In conclusion, canagliflozin exerts a protective effect on kidneys by reversing the imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells in MN rats and restoring the autophagy of podocytes inhibited by the abnormal immunoglobulin G secretion from B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China,Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyang Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Saijun Zhou, ; Pei Yu,
| | - Pei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Saijun Zhou, ; Pei Yu,
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25
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Shi X, Chang M, Zhao M, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds ameliorating glomerular diseases via autophagy: A mechanism review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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26
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Wang JP, Yan JP, Xiao RL, Li RS. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is protective during acute kidney injury through its activation of autophagy in podocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2947-2956. [PMID: 36063080 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a known regulator of autophagy in a range of cell types. Here, we investigated the role of LRRK2-associated autophagy during acute kidney injury (AKI) and its underlying mechanism(s) of action. Male mice aged 8-weeks were treated with the LRRK2 inhibitor MLi-2 and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through intraperitoneal injection or ischemia-reperfusion (IR) surgery. Mice were sacrificed 12 or 24 h post-LPS injection or IR operation and blood was collected for serum creatinine measurements. Kidney cortical tissues were collected for western blot analysis of podocyte-specific markers and autophagy-associated proteins. Renal histopathology was observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. For cell-based assays, immortalized mouse podocytes were silenced for LRRK2 through siRNA transfection and exposed to LPS or cobalt chloride. Changes in cell viability were investigated using cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry and MTT assays. Expression of podocyte-specific markers and autophagy-associated proteins were analyzed by western blotting. We observed an increase in LRRK2 expression at 12 h post-LPS injection and IR surgery that was accompanied by enhanced autophagy. At 24 h post-treatment, both LRRK2 expression and autophagy declined. Kidney injury was most pronounced in mice treated with MLi-2. Podocytes silenced for LRRK2 showed a loss of cell viability, decreased levels of podocyte-specific protein expression and a suppression of autophagy. Together, these data reveal the protective effects of LRRK2 during AKI through enhanced podocyte autophagy and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ji-Ping Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui-Ling Xiao
- College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong-Shan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Zhao X, Wang S, Wang S, Xie J, Cui D. mTOR signaling: A pivotal player in Treg cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pan X, Chen S, Shen R, Liu S, You Y. HOXA11-OS participates in lupus nephritis by targeting miR-124-3p mediating Cyr61 to regulate podocyte autophagy. Mol Med 2022; 28:138. [PMID: 36418932 PMCID: PMC9682779 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long chain non-coding RNA HOXA11-OS was recently identified. Increasing studies have shown that HOXA11-OS has regulatory effects on genes in gastric cancer, prostate cancer, and various kidney diseases, but research on its role in systemic lupus erythematosus is still lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the role of HOXA11-OS in the regulation of podocyte autophagy in the development of lupus nephritis (LN) and its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS mRNA and protein expression of the target gene (i.e., Cyr61) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Mouse podocytes were induced using serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients with lupus and their viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The interaction of miR-124-3p with HOXA11-OS and Cyr61 was analyzed by double luciferase reporter gene assay. Serum autoantibody levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathological lesions in the kidney tissue were detected by hematoxylin-eosin and periodate-Schiff staining. The independent samples t-test was used for comparing two groups, and one-way analysis of variance for comparing multiple groups. RESULTS HOXA11-OS was highly expressed in LN tissues, serum, and cells, and the expression of some key autophagy factors and Cyr61 was significantly increased, while miR-124-3p expression was significantly decreased. In vitro, LN-IgG inhibited podocyte activity, increased autophagy and Cyr61 expression, and aggravated podocyte injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-124-3p, HOXA11-OS promoted the expression of Cyr61, thus enhancing the autophagy increase induced by LN-IgG and aggravating podocyte injury. Knockdown of HOXA11-OS had the opposite effect. miR-124-3p mimic or Cyr61 knockdown restored the high expression of autophagy factors and Cyr61 induced by HOXA11-OS overexpression and alleviated podocyte injury. Further in vivo experiments showed that injection of sh-HOXA11-OS adeno-associated virus downregulated HOXA11-OS and significantly alleviated renal damage in lupus mice. CONCLUSIONS HOXA11-OS is involved in the occurrence and development of LN by regulating podocyte autophagy through miR-124-3p/Cyr61 sponging, which may provide a good potential therapeutic target for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Pan
- grid.460081.bDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18 Zhongshan Road II, Baise, 533000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- grid.460081.bDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18 Zhongshan Road II, Baise, 533000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Ruiwen Shen
- grid.460081.bDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18 Zhongshan Road II, Baise, 533000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Sen Liu
- grid.460081.bDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18 Zhongshan Road II, Baise, 533000 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region China
| | - Yanwu You
- grid.410652.40000 0004 6003 7358Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 6 Taoyuan Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, 530000 China
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Chu L, Zhong H, Zhu Y, Li L, Wei J, Huang L, Xue C. Association of ATG7 gene polymorphisms with microscopic polyangiitis in Chinese individuals. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:7239-7251. [PMID: 36398269 PMCID: PMC9641429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a type of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis. Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) protects against complicated disorder states in model organisms, but the way ATG7 dysfunction contributes to MPA remains elusive. This investigation assessed the impacts of ATG7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) in China. A total of 211 controls and 214 MPA patients were recruited and analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high-throughput sequencing were adopted to detect the ATG7 SNPs (rs75492008, rs2594966, rs6442260 and rs8154), and stratification analysis, different genetic models and differences in allele and genotype frequencies were evaluated. Haplotype evaluation was performed after linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses, and interactions between alleles were assessed. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was adopted to analyze SNP-SNP interactions among the four ATG7 SNPs and phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and unc-nc-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) SNPs previously studied by our team. Relationships between ATG7 polymorphisms, disease activity biomarkers and therapeutic effects in MPA were analyzed. Sex stratification analysis of the rs2594966 GG genotype with codominant and recessive models showed OR=3.42, 95% CI [1.19-9.80], P=0.041 and OR=3.31, 95% CI [1.23-8.90], P=0.012, respectively. Haplotype G-G-C-T was related to an increased MPA risk (OR=1.5, 95% CI [0.999-2.266], P=0.029). Permutation testing of GMDR suggested that ATG7 rs6442260 and rs8154, PIK3CA rs1607237, and ULK1 rs4964879 might interact with each other in MPA development (P<0.05). Among 214 MPA patients, 79 available complete follow-up clinical datasets were gathered from September 2009 to October 2020, showing that rs75492008 and rs4964879 affect the correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in MPA activity. Patients with rs8154 TT and rs1607237 CC genotypes had better clinical treatment effects (P<0.05). Gene polymorphisms may be related to MPA in China, exhibiting correlation with MPA activity indicators, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liepeng Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyang 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhen Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingsi Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530000, Guangxi, China
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Liu T, Jin Q, Ren F, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds targeting autophagy to alleviate podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113670. [PMID: 36116248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common cause of proteinuric kidney diseases. Uncontrollable progressive podocyte loss accelerates glomerulosclerosis and increases the risk of end-stage renal disease. To date, owing to the complex pathological mechanism, effective therapies for podocyte injury have been limited. Accumulating evidence supports the indispensable role of autophagy in the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. A variety of natural compounds and their derivatives have been found to regulate autophagy through multiple targets, including promotes nuclear transfer of transcription factor EB and lysosomal repair. Here, we reviewed the recent studies on the use of natural compounds and their derivatives as autophagy regulators and discussed their potential applications in ameliorating podocyte injury. Several known natural compounds with autophagy-regulatory properties, such as quercetin, silibinin, kaempferol, and artemisinin, and their medical uses were also discussed. This review will help in improving the understanding of the podocyte protective mechanism of natural compounds and promote their development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wu J, Yang W, Li H. An artificial neural network model based on autophagy-related genes in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. Hereditas 2022; 159:34. [PMID: 36114579 PMCID: PMC9479435 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a multisystemic, life-threatening autoimmune disease. Compared to adults, SLE in childhood is more active, can cause multisystem involvement including renal, neurological and hematological, and can cause cumulative damage across systems more rapidly. Autophagy, one of the core functions of cells, is involved in almost every process of the immune response and has been shown to be associated with many autoimmune diseases, being a key factor in the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. Autophagy influences the onset, progression and severity of SLE. This paper identifies new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood SLE based on an artificial neural network of autophagy-related genes.
Methods
We downloaded dataset GSE100163 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and used Protein–protein Interaction Network (PPI) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to screen the signature genes of autophagy-related genes in cSLE. A new artificial neural network model for cSLE diagnosis was constructed using the signature genes. The predictive efficiency of the model was also validated using the dataset GSE65391. Finally, "CIBERSORT" was used to calculate the infiltration of immune cells in cSLE and to analyze the relationship between the signature genes and the infiltration of immune cells.
Results
We identified 37 autophagy-related genes that differed in cSLE and normal samples, and finally obtained the seven most relevant signature genes for cSLE (DDIT3, GNB2L1, CTSD, HSPA8, ULK1, DNAJB1, CANX) by PPI and LASOO regression screening, and constructed an artificial neural network diagnostic model for cSLE. Using this model, we plotted the ROC curves for the training and validation group diagnoses with the area under the curve of 0.976 and 0.783, respectively. Finally, we performed immunoassays on cSLE samples, and the results showed that Plasma cells, Macrophages M0, Dendritic cells activated and Neutrophils were significantly infiltrated in cSLE.
Conclusion
We constructed an artificial neural network diagnostic model of seven autophagy-related genes that can be used for the diagnosis of cSLE. Meanwhile, the characteristic genes affect the immune infiltration of cSLE, which may provide new perspectives for the exploration of cSLE treatment and related mechanisms.
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Xu Y, Li P, Li K, Li N, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu W, Liu Y. Pathological mechanisms and crosstalk among different forms of cell death in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102890. [PMID: 35963809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by a profound immune dysregulation and the presence of a variety of autoantibodies. Aberrant activation of programmed cell death (PCD) signaling and accelerated cell death is critical in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Accumulating cellular components from the dead cells and ineffective clearance of the dead cell debris, in particular the nucleic acids and nucleic acids-protein complexes, provide a stable source of self-antigens, which potently activate auto-reactive B cells and promote IFN-I responses in SLE. Different cell types display distinct susceptibility and characteristics to a certain type of cell death, while different PCDs in various cells have mutual and intricate connections to promote immune dysregulation and contribute to the development of SLE. In this review, we discuss the role of various cell death pathways and their interactions in the pathogenesis of SLE. An in depth understanding of the interconnections among various forms cell death in SLE will lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis, shedding light on the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ketian Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yudong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Lin L, Tian E, Ren J, Wu Z, Deng J, Yang J. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Primary Podocytosis: From Fundamental Science to Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932739. [PMID: 36003509 PMCID: PMC9393213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes form a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Damage to podocytes is referred to as “podocyte disease.” There are many causes of podocyte injury, including primary injury, secondary injury, and gene mutations. Primary podocytosis mostly manifests as nephrotic syndrome. At present, first-line treatment is based on glucocorticoid administration combined with immunosuppressive therapy, but some patients still progress to end-stage renal disease. In Asia, especially in China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) still plays an important role in the treatment of kidney diseases. This study summarizes the potential mechanism of TCM and its active components in protecting podocytes, such as repairing podocyte injury, inhibiting podocyte proliferation, reducing podocyte apoptosis and excretion, maintaining podocyte skeleton structure, and upregulating podocyte-related protein expression. At the same time, the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of primary podocytosis (including idiopathic membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) is summarized to support the development of new treatment strategies for primary podocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - En Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangwen Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatism and Immunology, Jiulongpo District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jurong Yang,
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Pathophysiology and system biology of rat c-BSA induced immune complex glomerulonephritis and pathway comparison with human gene sequencing data. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108891. [PMID: 35691274 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune-complex glomerulonephritis (ICGN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children. Cationic BSA (c-BSA) intravenous injection could produce significant albuminuria within a short time, and is a suitable in vivo experimental animal model to investigate the pathophysiology of ICGN and for drug screening, but lack of thorough study to clarify its dynamic pathophysiological alteration so far, as well as detailed changes in mRNA and LncRNA levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic alteration in renal function, lipid metabolism and histopathology during the progress of c-BSA induced ICGN. RNA sequencing was used to identified differentially expressed mRNA and LncRNA in kidney cortex of ICGN. Results demonstrated that c-BSA induced ICGN model could completely exhibit clinical features of immune-mediated nephrotic syndrome with gradual declining renal function, and increased albuminuria and deteriorated histopathological injuries. The correlation analysis suggested that complement activation was the most key element in mediating of ICGN. RNA sequencing using rat kidney tissues combined with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data of human glomerulonephritis showed the most enriched KEGG pathways in ICGN were Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor and Focal adhesion. The differential lncRNAs in ICGN rats were also screened, and the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed to clarify lncRNA role in molecular mechanism of ICGN progression. Their human homogenous lncRNAs were also identified, such as ST3GAL5-AS1 and DIO3OS, which provide the potential lncRNA targets to treat ICGN. All the differential LncRNAs in ICGN kidneys caused by MMF were also identified and provided another possible pharmacological mechanism of MMF through lncRNA regulation. In summary, the current study firstly described the dynamic physiological changes of c-BSA induced ICGN, identified most key KEGG pathways, and provided lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in ICGN.
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Caza T, Wijewardena C, Al-Rabadi L, Perl A. Cell type-specific mechanistic target of rapamycin-dependent distortion of autophagy pathways in lupus nephritis. Transl Res 2022; 245:55-81. [PMID: 35288362 PMCID: PMC9240418 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory immune system development, metabolomic defects, and deregulation of autophagy play interconnected roles in driving the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis (LN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. While the causes of SLE have not been clearly delineated, skewing of T and B cell differentiation, activation of antigen-presenting cells, production of antinuclear autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to contribute to disease development. Underlying this process are defects in autophagy and mitophagy that cause the accumulation of oxidative stress-generating mitochondria which promote necrotic cell death. Autophagy is generally inhibited by the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a large protein kinase that underlies abnormal immune cell lineage specification in SLE. Importantly, several autophagy-regulating genes, including ATG5 and ATG7, as well as mitophagy-regulating HRES-1/Rab4A have been linked to lupus susceptibility and molecular pathogenesis. Moreover, genetically-driven mTOR activation has been associated with fulminant lupus nephritis. mTOR activation and diminished autophagy promote the expansion of pro-inflammatory Th17, Tfh and CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells at the expense of CD8+ effector memory T cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). mTOR activation and aberrant autophagy also involve renal podocytes, mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and tubular epithelial cells that may compromise end-organ resistance in LN. Activation of mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2) has been identified as biomarkers of disease activation and predictors of disease flares and prognosis in SLE patients with and without LN. This review highlights recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of LN with a focus on immuno-metabolic checkpoints of autophagy and their roles in pathogenesis, prognosis and selection of targets for treatment in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chathura Wijewardena
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York
| | - Laith Al-Rabadi
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andras Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York; Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York.
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Podestà MA, Faravelli I, Ponticelli C. Autophagy in lupus nephritis: A delicate balance between regulation and disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103132. [PMID: 35690243 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly regulated process wherein an unwanted cargo of damaged and dysfunctional cytoplasmic components is removed, delivered to lysosomes for degradation, and released back into the cytoplasm. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus, with profound effects on both innate and adaptive immunity. Autophagy downregulation results in the inhibition of antigen presenting cells, reduced release of neutrophil extracellular traps and decreased activation of effector T and B cells, leading to reduced autoantibody production and attenuated type 1 interferon signaling. However, defective autophagy may accelerate the production of other inflammatory cytokines and reduce the clearance of apoptotic cells, promoting lupus development. In addition, autophagy dysfunction can concur to the pathogenesis of kidney injury in lupus nephritis. Autophagy is a pivotal mechanism to maintain podocyte integrity and endothelial cell survival. Several animal models have demonstrated that defective autophagy leads to podocyte injury and can promote an endothelial pro-inflammatory and atherogenic phenotype. Moreover, autophagy is a key homeostatic regulator of renal tubular cells, and recent evidence has pointed out that chronic autophagy deficiency may accelerate kidney fibrosis. Targeting autophagy may theoretically improve lupus nephritis outcomes, but novel, non-invasive methods to measure and monitor autophagic activity are urgently needed. In addition, the extent and timing of autophagy inhibition still require additional studies before clinical translation may be attempted. In this review, we will also discuss the effect of several clinically available drugs that can regulate the autophagic flux and their effect in lupus nephritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Renal Division, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Irene Faravelli
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Qijiao W, Zhihan C, Makota P, Qing Y, Fei G, Zhihong W, He L. Glomerular Expression of S100A8 in Lupus Nephritis: An Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843576. [PMID: 35572531 PMCID: PMC9092496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major risk factor of morbidity and mortality. Glomerular injury is associated with different pathogeneses and clinical presentations in LN patients. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the molecular characteristics and mechanisms of this disease using bioinformatics analysis. Methods To characterize glomeruli in LN, microarray datasets GSE113342 and GSE32591 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LN glomeruli and normal glomeruli. Functional enrichment analyses and protein–protein interaction network analyses were then performed. Module analysis was performed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape software. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to identify the glomerular expression of S100A8 in various International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) class LN patients. The image of each glomerulus was acquired using a digital imaging system, and the green fluorescence intensity was quantified using Image-Pro Plus software. Results A total of 13 DEGs, consisting of 12 downregulated genes and one upregulated gene (S100A8), were identified in the microarray datasets. The functions and pathways associated with the DEGs mainly include inflammatory response, innate immune response, neutrophil chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, cell adhesion, cell–cell signaling, and infection. We also found that monocytes and activated natural killer cells were upregulated in both GSE113342 and GSE32591. Glomerular S100A8 staining was significantly enhanced compared to that in the controls, especially in class IV. Conclusions The DEGs identified in the present study help us understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of LN. Our results show that glomerular S100A8 expression varies in different pathological types; however, further research is required to confirm the role of S100A8 in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qijiao
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhihan
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Panashe Makota
- Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Qing
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gao Fei
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhihong
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin He
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fuzhou, China
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Gao Y, Dai H, Zhang N, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Dong Z, Liu W, Liu F, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Du J, Zhang N, Rui H, Liu B. The Ameliorative Effect of Mahuang Fuzi and Shenzhuo Decoction on Membranous Nephropathy of Rodent Model is Associated With Autophagy and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820130. [PMID: 35529432 PMCID: PMC9068930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of membranous nephropathy (MN) has made it the most common pathological type of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults in China. According to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Mahuang Fuzi (Chinese ephedra and Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) and Shenzhuo Decoction (MFSD) could be used to treat such diseases. We treated patients of MN with MFSD, and observed comparable efficacy to glucocorticoid and/or immunosuppressants. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effect of MFSD on the rat model of passive Heymann nephritis (PHN), a classical MN model. Our results showed that MFSD treatment significantly reduced urinary protein level and podocyte injury in PHN rats, and correspondingly improved renal pathology, with the improvement effect on MN comparable to that of Cyclosporine A (CsA) alone. To explore the potential therapeutical mechanism of MFSD, the main chemical components of MFSD were determined by High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). There were about 30 active components of MFSD. Next, based on network pharmacology methods, we screened related targets of MSFD on MN, which provided a preliminary understanding of the MFSD bioactive compounds. The clustering analysis showed that its active site might be in the autophagy-related protein and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which was related to podocyte injury. Finally, we observed an improvement in renal autophagy and a down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway after MSFD treatment in a PHN rat model. According to this study, autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be potential targets for MFSD in the treatment of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxue Jiang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Pinggu Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Naiqian Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoli Liu, ; Hongliang Rui,
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoli Liu, ; Hongliang Rui,
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39
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Hu M, Ma Q, Liu B, Wang Q, Zhang T, Huang T, Lv Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845371. [PMID: 35517509 PMCID: PMC9065414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, with relatively high morbidity and mortality globally but still in short therapeutic options. Over the decades, a large body of data has demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and hemodynamic disorders might exert critical influence in the initiation and development of DKD, whereas the delicate pathogenesis of DKD remains profoundly elusive. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), extensively studied in the field of cancer, are attracting increasing attentions on the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications including DKD, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we chiefly focused on abnormal expression and function of lncRNAs in major resident cells (mesangial cell, endothelial cell, podocyte, and tubular epithelial cell) in the kidney, summarized the critical roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of DKD, and elaborated their potential therapeutic significance, in order to advance our knowledge in this field, which might help in future research and clinical treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhimei Lv,
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Zhang D, Sun F, Ye S. Successful treatment of sirolimus in a Chinese patient with refractory LN and APS: a case report. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221079253. [PMID: 35251323 PMCID: PMC8891858 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221079253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and increasing evidence has shown the effect of mTOR-targeted therapies with sirolimus in SLE. The objective of this study was to report the successful treatment of sirolimus in a Chinese patient with refractory lupus nephritis (LN) and anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). A 44-year-old female with a previous diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and APS secondary to SLE presented with lupus nephritis refractory to cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate. Renal biopsy met the criteria of WHO class III LN complicated by acute tubular injury and immunofluorescence confirmed the activation of the mTOR pathway. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus was initiated in this patient. Complete remission (CR) was achieved after 6 months, and flare-free remission was maintained for the next 3.5 years. The literature on the efficacy of sirolimus in patients with LN was reviewed. Although the available evidence is limited to retrospective studies with small sample sizes, sirolimus appeared to be efficacious in some patients with refractory LN. Well-designed clinical trials are warranted, and pathology-guided precision medicine might assist in guiding physicians’ treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danting Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
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41
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Dong Z, Dai H, Liu W, Jiang H, Feng Z, Liu F, Zhao Q, Rui H, Liu WJ, Liu B. Exploring the Differences in Molecular Mechanisms and Key Biomarkers Between Membranous Nephropathy and Lupus Nephritis Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 12:770902. [PMID: 35047003 PMCID: PMC8762271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.770902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Both membranous nephropathy (MN) and lupus nephritis (LN) are autoimmune kidney disease. In recent years, with the deepening of research, some similarities have been found in the pathogenesis of these two diseases. However, the mechanism of their interrelationship is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in molecular mechanisms and key biomarkers between MN and LN. Method: The expression profiles of GSE99325, GSE99339, GSE104948 and GSE104954 were downloaded from GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of MN and LN samples were obtained. We used Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for enrichment analysis of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using Metascape. We filtered DEGs with NetworkAnalyst. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify the most significant DEGs for MN and LN. Result: Compared with LN in the glomerulus, 14 DEGs were up-regulated and 77 DEGs were down-regulated in MN. Compared with LN in renal tubules, 21 DEGs were down-regulated, but no up-regulated genes were found in MN. According to the result of GO and KEGG enrichment, PPI network and Networkanalyst, we screened out six genes (IFI6, MX1, XAF1, HERC6, IFI44L, IFI44). Interestingly, among PLA2R, THSD7A and NELL1, which are the target antigens of podocyte in MN, the expression level of NELL1 in MN glomerulus is significantly higher than that of LN, while there is no significant difference in the expression level of PLA2R and THSD7A. Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of MN and LN by analyzing the differences in gene expression levels between MN and LN kidney samples, and is expected to be used to prepare an animal model of MN that is more similar to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxue Jiang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Rui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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42
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Treadmill Exercise Training Ameliorates Functional and Structural Age-Associated Kidney Changes in Male Albino Rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1393372. [PMID: 34887703 PMCID: PMC8651424 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1393372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process that impacts multiple organs. Unfortunately, kidney aging affects the quality of life with high mortality rate. So, searching for innovative nonpharmacological modality improving age-associated kidney deterioration is important. This study aimed to throw more light on the beneficial effect of treadmill exercise on the aged kidney. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: young (3-4 months old), sedentary aged (23-24 months old), and exercised aged (23-24 months old, practiced moderate-intensity treadmill exercise 5 days/week for 8 weeks). The results showed marked structural alterations in the aged kidney with concomitant impairment of kidney functions and increase in arterial blood pressure with no significant difference in kidney weight. Also, it revealed that treadmill exercise alleviated theses effects in exercised aged group with reduction of urea and cystatin C. Exercise training significantly decreased glomerulosclerosis index, tubular injury score, and % area of collagen deposition. Treadmill exercise exerted its beneficial role via a significant reduction of C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde and increase in total antioxidant capacity. In addition, exercise training significantly decreased desmin immunoreaction and increased aquaporin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and beclin-1 in the aged kidney. This study clarified that treadmill exercise exerted its effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, podocyte protection, improving aquaporin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and inducing autophagy in the aged kidney. This work provided a new insight into the promising role of aerobic exercise to ameliorate age-associated kidney damage.
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43
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Tim-1 alleviates lupus nephritis-induced podocyte injury via regulating autophagy. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:305-313. [PMID: 34764802 PMCID: PMC8574111 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) is a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which seriously threatens the health of people. Tim-1 is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the role of Tim-1 in LN is still unclear. Aim of the study To explore the expression and the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of Tim-1 in LN-induced podocyte injury. Material and methods An in vivo model of LN was established to detect the expression of Tim-1, inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related proteins. Podocytes were treated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) to establish the LN in vitro model and then treated with an autophagy inhibitor. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to investigate the effect of Tim-1 on inflammatory responses as well as autophagy in podocytes. The function of Tim-1 in IgG-induced podocytes was detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Tim-1, L3BII/L3BI ratio and inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in LN mice. Tim-1 notably inhibited IgG-induced inflammatory responses in podocytes via reducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β expression, and it could protect podocytes against LN-induced injury via inducing autophagy. Meanwhile, Tim-1 significantly promoted the proliferation of IgG-induced podocytes via inhibiting apoptosis. The autophagy inhibitor reversed the effect of Tim-1 on inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-related proteins in IgG-treated podocytes. Conclusions Tim-1 protects podocytes against LN-induced injury via mediating autophagy, which might serve as a new target for the treatment of LN.
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44
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Targeting lysosomes in human disease: from basic research to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:379. [PMID: 34744168 PMCID: PMC8572923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence has elucidated the role of lysosomes in dynamically regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis. Lysosomal changes and dysfunction have been correlated with the development of numerous diseases. In this review, we interpreted the key biological functions of lysosomes in four areas: cellular metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and cell death. More importantly, we actively sought to determine the characteristic changes and dysfunction of lysosomes in cells affected by these diseases, the causes of these changes and dysfunction, and their significance to the development and treatment of human disease. Furthermore, we outlined currently available targeting strategies: (1) targeting lysosomal acidification; (2) targeting lysosomal cathepsins; (3) targeting lysosomal membrane permeability and integrity; (4) targeting lysosomal calcium signaling; (5) targeting mTOR signaling; and (6) emerging potential targeting strategies. Moreover, we systematically summarized the corresponding drugs and their application in clinical trials. By integrating basic research with clinical findings, we discussed the current opportunities and challenges of targeting lysosomes in human disease.
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45
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miR-20a Overexpression in Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Therapeutic Efficacy in Murine Lupus Nephritis by Regulating Autophagy. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3746335. [PMID: 34721589 PMCID: PMC8553505 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3746335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lupus nephritis is the most common and severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of miR-20a overexpressing adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation in murine lupus nephritis (LN) and explore potential molecular mechanisms. Methods Mouse ADSCs were transfected with a miR-20a lentiviral vector to obtain miR-20a overexpression ADSCs (miR-20a-ADSCs). We first observed the influence of miR-20a on ADSC viability and apoptosis in vitro. B6.MRL/lpr mice were administered ADSC/miR-20a-ADSC intravenously every week from age 30 to 33 weeks, and the lupus and normal control groups received PBS on the same schedule. Results miR-20a expression increased in miR-20a-ADSC-derived exosomes, and miR-20a overexpression promoted ADSC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Compared with ADSCs, miR-20a-ADSC treatment significantly improved serologic and histologic abnormalities, as evidenced by reduced serum creatinine, anti-dsDNA antibody, 24 h urine protein levels, nephritis scores, and C3/IgG deposits. Furthermore, miR-20a-ADSC treatment resulted in downregulated Akt, mTOR, and p62 expression and upregulated miR-20a, Beclin 1, and LC3 II/I expression compared with ADSC treatment. After treatment with miR-20a-ADSC, a significant increase in the number of autophagosomes within podocytes was observed, along with upregulated expression of podocin and nephrin, compared with the ADSC group. Conclusions miR-20a-ADSC transplantation prevents the development of lupus nephritis and significantly ameliorates already-established disease, and its mechanism is related to autophagy by targeting the miR-20a-regulated mTOR pathway.
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46
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Rapamycin attenuates PLA2R activation-mediated podocyte apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112349. [PMID: 34700229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults without diabetes. Primary MN has been associated with circulating antibodies against native podocyte antigens, including phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R); however, precision therapy targeting the signaling cascade of PLA2R activation is lacking. Both PLA2R and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exist in podocytes, but the interplay between these two proteins and their roles in MN warrants further exploration. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk between PLA2R activation and mTOR signaling in a human podocyte cell line. We demonstrated that podocyte apoptosis was induced by Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2IB) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mTOR, and inhibited by rapamycin or LY294002. Furthermore, aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway triggers both extrinsic (caspase-8 and caspase-3) and intrinsic (Bcl-2-associated X protein [BAX], B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL-2], cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3) apoptotic cascades in podocytes. The therapeutic implications of our findings are that strategies to reduce PLA2R activation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition in PLA2R-activated podocytes help protect podocytes from apoptosis. The therapeutic potential of rapamycin shown in this study provides cellular evidence supporting the repurposing of rapamycin for MN treatment.
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47
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Hou P, Lin Y, Li Z, Lu R, Wang Y, Tian T, Jia P, Zhang X, Cao L, Zhou Z, Li C, Gu J, Guo D. Autophagy receptor CCDC50 tunes the STING-mediated interferon response in viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2358-2371. [PMID: 34453126 PMCID: PMC8484562 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA sensing and timely activation of interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immunity are crucial for the defense against DNA virus infections and the clearance of abnormal cells. However, overactivation of immune responses may lead to tissue damage and autoimmune diseases; therefore, these processes must be intricately regulated. STING is the key adaptor protein, which is activated by cyclic GMP-AMP, the second messenger derived from cGAS-mediated DNA sensing. Here, we report that CCDC50, a newly identified autophagy receptor, tunes STING-directed type I IFN signaling activity by delivering K63-polyubiquitinated STING to autolysosomes for degradation. Knockout of CCDC50 significantly increases herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)- or DNA ligand-induced production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Ccdc50-deficient mice show increased production of IFN, decreased viral replication, reduced cell infiltration, and improved survival rates compared with their wild-type littermates when challenged with HSV-1. Remarkably, the expression of CCDC50 is downregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. CCDC50 levels are negatively correlated with IFN signaling pathway activation and disease severity in human SLE patients. CCDC50 deficiency potentiates the cGAS-STING-mediated immune response triggered by SLE serum. Thus, our findings reveal the critical role of CCDC50 in the immune regulation of viral infections and autoimmune diseases and provide insights into the therapeutic implications of CCDC50 manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Hou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zibo Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiqing Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Tian
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Penghui Jia
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Cao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Division of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Wu D, Ai L, Sun Y, Yang B, Chen S, Wang Q, Kuang H. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Lupus Nephritis and Therapeutic Targeting by Phytochemicals. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621300. [PMID: 34489689 PMCID: PMC8417800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune inflammatory condition that affects multiple organs and provokes extensive and severe clinical manifestations. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the main clinical manifestations of SLE. It refers to the deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli, which cause kidney inflammation. Although LN seriously affects prognosis and represents a key factor of disability and death in SLE patients, its mechanism remains unclear. The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin (PYD) domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulates IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis and plays a key role in innate immunity. There is increasing evidence that aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream inflammatory pathways play an important part in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, including LN. This review summarizes research progress on the elucidation of NLRP3 activation, regulation, and recent clinical trials and experimental studies implicating the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of LN. Current treatments fail to provide durable remission and provoke several sides effects, mainly due to their broad immunosuppressive effects. Therefore, the identification of a safe and effective therapeutic approach for LN is of great significance. Phytochemicals are found in many herbs, fruits, and vegetables and are secondary metabolites of plants. Evidence suggests that phytochemicals have broad biological activities and have good prospects in a variety of diseases, including LN. Therefore, this review reports on current research evaluating phytochemicals for targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathways in LN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lianjie Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yang SR, Hua KF, Yang CY, Chen A, Weng JC, Tsai YL, Wan CJ, Wu CY, Lee CC, Chan JF, Hsieh CY, Hsu YJ, Wu CC, Mukhopadhyay D, Huang HS, Liu FC, Ka SM. Cf-02, a novel benzamide-linked small molecule, blunts NF-κB activation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and improves acute onset of accelerated and severe lupus nephritis in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21785. [PMID: 34314075 PMCID: PMC10083056 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100047r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, acute onset of severe lupus nephritis was successfully treated in mice using a new, benzamide-linked, small molecule that targets immune modulation and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Specifically, 6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine-2,4(3H)-dione (Cf-02) (a) reduced serum levels of IgG anti-dsDNA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, (b) inhibited activation of dendritic cells and differentially regulated T cell functions, and (c) suppressed the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis, targeting priming and activating signals of the inflammasome. Moreover, treatment with Cf-02 significantly inhibited secretion of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, but this effect was abolished by autophagy induction. These results recommend Cf-02 as a promising drug candidate for the serious renal conditions associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Future investigations should examine whether Cf-02 may also be therapeutic in other types of chronic kidney disease involving NLRP3 inflammasome-driven signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ruen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chun Weng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jun Wan
- Department of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, Academy of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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何 鹏, 李 杨, 张 若, 任 茂, 刘 和, 杨 民. [Role of p22phox and NOX5 in autophagy and apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by hypoxia]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:855-861. [PMID: 34308593 PMCID: PMC8311211 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202008039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of p22phox and NOX5 in autophagy and apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by hypoxia. METHODS The skull tissue of newborn rats was cut into small pieces, and the osteoblasts were separated and purified by the tissue block adherent method and the differential adherent method. The first generation cells were harvested and identified by HE staining, Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and flow cytometry. A three-gas incubator was used to prepare a hypoxia model of osteoblasts. At 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours of hypoxia, the expressions of p22phox, NOX5, and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were detected by Western blot, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. And the time point of the highest level of ROS was selected as the hypoxia time point for subsequent experiments. The first generation osteoblasts were divided into normal group, si-p22phox hypoxia group, and si-NOX5 hypoxia group and subjected to corresponding transfection and hypoxia treatment. The inhibition efficiency of si-p22phox and si-NOX5 were detected by RT-PCR. Then the osteoblasts were divided into normal group, si-NC hypoxia group, si-p22phox hypoxia group, and si-NOX5 hypoxia group. After transfection and hypoxia treatment, Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p22phox, NOX5, autophagy-related proteins (LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax), and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate and level of ROS. The first generation osteoblasts were divided into a hypoxia group for 12 hours (hypoxia group) and a group that simultaneously inhibited si-p22phox and si-NOX5 and hypoxia for 12 hours (inhibition+hypoxia group). The expressions of Beclin and Bax were observed by immunofluorescence staining after the corresponding treatment. RESULTS After identification, the isolated cells were osteoblasts. After hypoxia treatment, the relative expressions of p22phox, NOX5, and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ proteins and the apoptosis rate of osteoblasts gradually increased ( P<0.05), and the level of ROS also significantly increased ( P<0.05) and reached the peak value at 12 hours. The 12-hour hypoxia model was selected for subsequent experiments. Silencing the p22phox gene did not affect the expression of NOX5, and silencing the NOX5 gene did not affect the expression of p22phox. Compared with hypoxia treatment, the relative expressions of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin, and Bax proteins after inhibiting the expression of p22phox or NOX5 gene significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the relative expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly increased ( P<0.05), the cell apoptosis rate and level of ROS also significantly decreased ( P<0.05). After silencing the expressions of p22phox and NOX5 genes at the same time, the immunofluorescence staining showed that the fluorescence of Beclin and Bax were weak. CONCLUSION Inhibiting the expressions of p22phox and NOX5 genes can reduce the level of ROS in osteoblasts under hypoxia-induced conditions, and at the same time reduce autophagy and apoptosis, especially attenuate the excessive apoptosis of cells in the early to late stages, and strengthen the hypoxic osteoblasts proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹏杰 何
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
| | - 杨 李
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
| | - 若天 张
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
| | - 茂贤 任
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
| | - 和栋 刘
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
| | - 民 杨
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院创伤骨科(安徽芜湖 241001)Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu Anhui, 241001, P.R.China
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