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Zhu C, Zhang L, Ding X, Wu W, Zou J. Non-coding RNAs as regulators of autophagy in chondrocytes: Mechanisms and implications for osteoarthritis. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102404. [PMID: 38971322 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease with multiple causative factors such as aging, mechanical injury, and obesity. Autophagy is a complex dynamic process that is involved in the degradation and modification of intracellular proteins and organelles under different pathophysiological conditions. Autophagy, as a cell survival mechanism under various stress conditions, plays a key role in regulating chondrocyte life cycle metabolism and cellular homeostasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that do not possess protein-coding functions, but they can act as effective post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of gene and protein expression, thus participating in numerous fundamental biological processes. Increasing evidence suggests that ncRNAs, autophagy, and their crosstalk play crucial roles in OA pathogenesis. Therefore, we summarized the complex role of autophagy in OA chondrocytes and focused on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in OA-associated autophagy to elucidate the complex pathological mechanisms of the ncRNA-autophagy network in the development of OA, thus providing new research targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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2
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Zhang W, Nishimura T, Tooze SA. Real-Time Monitoring of ATG8 Lipidation in vitro Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4917. [PMID: 38213320 PMCID: PMC10777053 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential catabolic pathway used to sequester and engulf cytosolic substrates via a unique double-membrane structure, called an autophagosome. The ubiquitin-like ATG8 proteins play an important role in mediating autophagosome membrane expansion. They are covalently conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the autophagosomes via a ubiquitin-like conjugation system called ATG8 lipidation. In vitro reconstitution of ATG8 lipidation with synthetic liposomes has been previously established and used widely to characterise the function of the E1 ATG7, the E2 ATG3, and the E3 complex ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1. However, there is still a lack of a tool to provide kinetic measurements of this enzymatic reaction. In this protocol, we describe a real-time lipidation assay using NBD-labelled ATG8. This real-time assay can distinguish the formation of ATG8 intermediates (ATG7~ATG8 and/or ATG3~ATG8) and, finally, ATG8-PE conjugation. It allows kinetic characterisation of the activity of ATG7, ATG3, and the E3 complex during ATG8 lipidation. Furthermore, this protocol can be adapted to characterise the upstream regulators that may affect protein activity in ATG8 lipidation reaction with a kinetic readout. Key features • Preparation of ATG7 E1 from insect cells (Sf9 cells). • Preparation of ATG3 E2 from bacteria (E. coli). • Preparation of LC3B S3C from bacteria (E. coli). • Preparation of liposomes to monitor the kinetics of ATG8 lipidation in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Taki Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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3
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Tang F, Lu C, He X, Lin W, Xie B, Gao X, Peng Y, Yang D, Sun L, Weng L. E3 ligase Trim35 inhibits LSD1 demethylase activity through K63-linked ubiquitination and enhances anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113477. [PMID: 37979167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) can improve tumor immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with elevated T cell infiltration and sensitize tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy. However, the lack of reliable biomarkers limits utilization of LSD1 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Here, we identify an E3 ligase, Trim35, as an effective biomarker for high activity of LSD1 to predict prognosis of LSD1-targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy. Mechanistically, Trim35 represses LSD1 demethylase activity by mediating K63 ubiquitination at lysine site 422 of LSD1. Suppressed LSD1 activity facilitates ERGIC1 transcription, followed by autophagy inhibition and IFNGR1 stabilization to activate IFN-γ signaling, leading to increased MHC class I expression and immune surveillance of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, combinational use of an LSD1 inhibitor and anti-PD-1 therapy can significantly eradicate poorly immunogenic lung cancer with low Trim35. These findings strongly suggest that Trim35 is a promising biomarker for prediction of immunotherapy outcome in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Tang
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha 410008, China; Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiang He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bowen Xie
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Desong Yang
- Hunan Clinical Medical Research Center of Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment for Esophageal Carcinoma, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha 410008, China; Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Liang Weng
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha 410008, China; Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha 410008, China; Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China; Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha 410008, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Mei L, Chen J, Chen X, Wang Z, Liu L, Yang A. Legionella pneumophila-mediated host posttranslational modifications. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad032. [PMID: 37156500 PMCID: PMC10720952 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously present in freshwater environments and causes a serious type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. During infections, L. pneumophila releases over 300 effector proteins into host cells through an Icm/Dot type IV secretion system to manipulate the host defense system for survival within the host. Notably, certain effector proteins mediate posttranslational modifications (PTMs), serving as useful approaches exploited by L. pneumophila to modify host proteins. Some effectors catalyze the addition of host protein PTMs, while others mediate the removal of PTMs from host proteins. In this review, we summarize L. pneumophila effector-mediated PTMs of host proteins, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, AMPylation, phosphocholination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as dephosphorylation, deubiquitination, deAMPylation, deADP-ribosylation, dephosphocholination, and delipidation. We describe their molecular mechanisms and biological functions in the regulation of bacterial growth and Legionella-containing vacuole biosynthesis and in the disruption of host immune and defense machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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5
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Liu L, Gray JL, Tate EW, Yang A. Bacterial enzymes: powerful tools for protein labeling, cell signaling, and therapeutic discovery. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1385-1399. [PMID: 37328400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a diverse set of enzymes that enable them to subvert host defense mechanisms as well as to form part of the prokaryotic immune system. Due to their unique and varied biochemical activities, these bacterial enzymes have emerged as key tools for understanding and investigating biological systems. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the most prominent bacterial enzymes used for the site-specific modification of proteins, in vivo protein labeling, proximity labeling, interactome mapping, signaling pathway manipulation, and therapeutic discovery. Finally, we provide a perspective on the complementary advantages and limitations of using bacterial enzymes compared with chemical probes for exploring biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Janine L Gray
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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6
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Mei L, Chen X, Wei F, Huang X, Liu L, Yao J, Chen J, Luo X, Wang Z, Yang A. Tethering ATG16L1 or LC3 induces targeted autophagic degradation of protein aggregates and mitochondria. Autophagy 2023; 19:2997-3013. [PMID: 37424101 PMCID: PMC10549199 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2234797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system have made great progress in the field of drug discovery. There is mounting evidence that the accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins or malfunctioning organelles is associated with the occurrence of various age-related neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. However, PROTACs are inefficient for the degradation of such large targets due to the narrow entrance channel of the proteasome. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is known as a self-degradative process involved in the degradation of bulk cytoplasmic components or specific cargoes that are sequestered into autophagosomes. In the present study, we report the development of a generalizable strategy for the targeted degradation of large targets. Our results suggested that tethering large target models to phagophore-associated ATG16L1 or LC3 induced targeted autophagic degradation of the large target models. Furthermore, we successfully applied this autophagy-targeting degradation strategy to the targeted degradation of HTT65Q aggregates and mitochondria. Specifically, chimeras consisting of polyQ-binding peptide 1 (QBP) and ATG16L1-binding peptide (ABP) or LC3-interacting region (LIR) induced targeted autophagic degradation of pathogenic HTT65Q aggregates; and the chimeras consisting of mitochondria-targeting sequence (MTS) and ABP or LIR promoted targeted autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, hence ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in a Parkinson disease cell model and protecting cells from apoptosis induced by the mitochondrial stress agent FCCP. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for the selective proteolysis of large targets and enrich the toolkit for autophagy-targeting degradation.Abbreviations: ABP: ATG16L1-binding peptide; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; ATTEC: autophagy-tethering compound; AUTAC: autophagy-targeting chimera; AUTOTAC: autophagy-targeting chimera; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP3: caspase 3; CPP: cell-penetrating peptide; CQ: chloroquine phosphate; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DCM: dichloromethane; DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FITC: fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HEK293: human embryonic kidney 293; HEK293T: human embryonic kidney 293T; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; HTT: huntingtin; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFF: mitochondrial fission factor; MTS: mitochondria-targeting sequence; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NLRX1: NLR family member X1; OPTN: optineurin; P2A: self-cleaving 2A peptide; PB1: Phox and Bem1p; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PROTACs: proteolysis-targeting chimeras; QBP: polyQ-binding peptide 1; SBP: streptavidin-binding peptide; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SPATA33: spermatogenesis associated 33; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TMEM59: transmembrane protein 59; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunguang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Huang X, Yao J, Liu L, Chen J, Mei L, Huangfu J, Luo D, Wang X, Lin C, Chen X, Yang Y, Ouyang S, Wei F, Wang Z, Zhang S, Xiang T, Neculai D, Sun Q, Kong E, Tate EW, Yang A. S-acylation of p62 promotes p62 droplet recruitment into autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3485-3501.e11. [PMID: 37802024 PMCID: PMC10552648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
p62 is a well-characterized autophagy receptor that recognizes and sequesters specific cargoes into autophagosomes for degradation. p62 promotes the assembly and removal of ubiquitinated proteins by forming p62-liquid droplets. However, it remains unclear how autophagosomes efficiently sequester p62 droplets. Herein, we report that p62 undergoes reversible S-acylation in multiple human-, rat-, and mouse-derived cell lines, catalyzed by zinc-finger Asp-His-His-Cys S-acyltransferase 19 (ZDHHC19) and deacylated by acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). S-acylation of p62 enhances the affinity of p62 for microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive membranes and promotes autophagic membrane localization of p62 droplets, thereby leading to the production of small LC3-positive p62 droplets and efficient autophagic degradation of p62-cargo complexes. Specifically, increasing p62 acylation by upregulating ZDHHC19 or by genetic knockout of APT1 accelerates p62 degradation and p62-mediated autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Thus, the protein S-acylation-deacylation cycle regulates p62 droplet recruitment to the autophagic membrane and selective autophagic flux, thereby contributing to the control of selective autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingjing Huangfu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changhai Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sheng Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Chen A, Zhou Y, Ren Y, Liu C, Han X, Wang J, Ma Z, Chen Y. Ubiquitination of acetyltransferase Gcn5 contributes to fungal virulence in Fusarium graminearum. mBio 2023; 14:e0149923. [PMID: 37504517 PMCID: PMC10470610 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01499-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase general control non-depressible 5 (Gcn5) plays a critical role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification for regulating a wide variety of biological events. However, the post-translational regulation of Gcn5 itself is poorly understood. Here, we found that Gcn5 was ubiquitinated and deubiquitinated by E3 ligase Tom1 and deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp14, respectively, in the important plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Tom1 interacted with Gcn5 in the nucleus and subsequently ubiquitinated Gcn5 mainly at K252 to accelerate protein degradation. Conversely, Ubp14 deubiquitinated Gcn5 and enhanced its stability. In the deletion mutant Δubp14, protein level of Gcn5 was significantly reduced and resulted in attenuated virulence in the fungus by affecting the mycotoxin production, autophagy process, and the penetration ability. Our findings indicate that Tom1 and Ubp14 show antagonistic functions in the control of the protein stability of Gcn5 via post-translational modification and highlight the importance of Tom1-Gcn5-Ubp14 circuit in the fungal virulence. IMPORTANCE Post-translational modification (PTM) enzymes have been reported to be involved in regulating numerous cellular processes. However, the modification of these PTM enzymes themselves is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the E3 ligase Tom1 and deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp14 contributed to the regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of acetyltransferase Gcn5, respectively, in Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight of cereals. Our findings provide deep insights into the modification of acetyltransferase Gcn5 and its dynamic regulation via ubiquitination and deubiquitination. To our knowledge, this work is the most comprehensive analysis of a regulatory network of ubiquitination that impinges on acetyltransferase in filamentous pathogens. Moreover, our findings are important because we present the novel roles of the Tom1-Gcn5-Ubp14 circuit in fungal virulence, providing novel possibilities and targets to control fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingmin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Weng J, Huan L, Sheng S, Xu F. Mitophagy in atherosclerosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165507. [PMID: 37261351 PMCID: PMC10228545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that can selectively eliminate damaged and depolarized mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial activity and cellular homeostasis. Several pathways have been found to participate in different steps of mitophagy. Mitophagy plays a significant role in the homeostasis and physiological function of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and is involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). At present, many medications and natural chemicals have been shown to alter mitophagy and slow the progression of AS. This review serves as an introduction to the field of mitophagy for researchers interested in targeting this pathway as part of a potential AS management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Weng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Rahman MA, Saikat ASM, Rahman MS, Islam M, Parvez MAK, Kim B. Recent Update and Drug Target in Molecular and Pharmacological Insights into Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Treatment and Future Progress. Cells 2023; 12:458. [PMID: 36766800 PMCID: PMC9914570 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that autophagy is a governed catabolic framework enabling the recycling of nutrients from injured organelles and other cellular constituents via a lysosomal breakdown. This mechanism has been associated with the development of various pathologic conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders; however, recently updated studies have indicated that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, acting as a cytoprotective or cytotoxic mechanism. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have shown that inhibiting autophagy enhances an anticancer medicine's effectiveness in various malignancies. Autophagy antagonists, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have previously been authorized in clinical trials, encouraging the development of medication-combination therapies targeting the autophagic processes for cancer. In this review, we provide an update on the recent research examining the anticancer efficacy of combining drugs that activate cytoprotective autophagy with autophagy inhibitors. Additionally, we highlight the difficulties and progress toward using cytoprotective autophagy targeting as a cancer treatment strategy. Importantly, we must enable the use of suitable autophagy inhibitors and coadministration delivery systems in conjunction with anticancer agents. Therefore, this review briefly summarizes the general molecular process behind autophagy and its bifunctional role that is important in cancer suppression and in encouraging tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis regulation. We then emphasize how autophagy and cancer cells interacting with one another is a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Huang Z, Wang W, Shu L, Guo M, Huang Y, Wu C, Pan X. Explicating the publication paradigm by bibliometric approaches: A case of interplay between nanoscience and ferroptosis. HEALTH CARE SCIENCE 2022; 1:93-110. [PMID: 38938888 PMCID: PMC11080826 DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis has been widely investigated as an emerging drug target, while its combination with nanoscience provides bourgeoning application prospects. The development of ferroptosis regulating nanomedicines have attracted worldwide attentions in recent years. It would be meaningful to describe the relevant publication paradigm. Methods Herein, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the database of Web of Science Core Collection to clarify the publication paradigm. The development of related publications in the last 6 years was described, and the revolutionary trends were figured out. Ultimately, the possible future exploration directions were proposed. Results The bibliometric analysis of 327 documents of interest indicated that the main research focus was in multiple fields including Materials science, Science & technology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology & pharmacy. With widely cooperation and strong funding, the researchers from Chinese organizations contributed most of publications, followed with United States and Australia. Cocitation analysis revealed that several original papers reported the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis were considered as the foundation for subsequent studies, and some nanomedicines-related documents were taken as examples and discussed. Mining results showed that the mechanism evaluation of ferroptosis regulation therapy for cancer treatment was the hotspot. Then, several possible future explorations of ferroptosis-related nanoscience were presented and discussed. Conclusions The bibliometric profile of nanoscience-ferroptosis research was analyzed in detail. We believe that the bibliometric analysis could act as a robust method for explicating the publication paradigm as a certain field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Lei Shu
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Mengqin Guo
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
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