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Crisci L, Coppola F, Petrone A, Rega N. Tuning ultrafast time-evolution of photo-induced charge-transfer states: A real-time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:210-221. [PMID: 37706600 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TD-DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time-evolution upon photo-excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n-type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron-donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR-)TD-DFT and RT-TD-DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Crisci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
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2
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Ahmad W, Ahmad N, Wang K, Aftab S, Hou Y, Wan Z, Yan B, Pan Z, Gao H, Peung C, Junke Y, Liang C, Lu Z, Yan W, Ling M. Electron-Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next-Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304120. [PMID: 38030565 PMCID: PMC10837383 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Designing next-generation molecular devices typically necessitates plentiful oxygen-bearing sites to facilitate multiple-electron transfers. However, the theoretical limits of existing materials for energy conversion and information storage devices make it inevitable to hunt for new competitors. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a unique class of metal-oxide clusters, have been investigated exponentially due to their structural diversity and tunable redox properties. POMs behave as electron-sponges owing to their intrinsic ability of reversible uptake-release of multiple electrons. In this review, numerous POM-frameworks together with desired features of a contender material and inherited properties of POMs are systematically discussed to demonstrate how and why the electron-sponge-like nature of POMs is beneficial to design next-generation water oxidation/reduction electrocatalysts, and neuromorphic nonvolatile resistance-switching random-access memory devices. The aim is to converge the attention of scientists who are working separately on electrocatalysts and memory devices, on a point that, although the application types are different, they all hunt for a material that could exhibit electron-sponge-like feature to realize boosted performances and thus, encouraging the scientists of two completely different fields to explore POMs as imperious contenders to design next-generation nanodevices. Finally, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- School of MicroelectronicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Sumaira Aftab
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhengwei Wan
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Bei‐Bei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Zhao Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Huai‐Ling Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Chen Peung
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
| | - Yang Junke
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
| | - Chengdu Liang
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- School of AutomationHangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Min Ling
- Division of New Energy MaterialsInstitute of Zhejiang University‐QuzhouQuzhou324000China
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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3
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Bhunia S, Sahoo D, Dutta B, Maity S, Manik NB, Sinha C. Correlation in Structural Architecture toward Fabrication of Schottky Device with a Series of Pyrazine Appended Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20948-20960. [PMID: 38053248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy is the center of importance for the survivability of civilization. Use of fossil fuel is going to be suspended, and renewable energy is technologically costlier. In the quest for new energy sources and to minimize fuel expenditure, the design of energy efficient devices is one of the solutions. Toward this objective, highly delocalized π-acidic N-hetreocycle pyrazine bridged Cd(II)-based coordination polymers (CPs), [Cd(tppz)(adc)(MeOH)] (1), [Cd(tppz)(trep)] (2), and [Cd(tppz)(2,6-ndc)] (3; tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) are synthesized in combination with π-accessible dicarboxylato linkers (acetylene dicarboxylic acid (H2adc), terephthalic acid (H2trep), and 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (2,6 H2ndc)). The structures of the compounds, 1-3, have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Analysis of electrical property demonstrates that light irradiation enhances the conductivity and follows the order 3 > 2 > 1; compound 3 possesses the highest conductivity (1.93 × 10-3 (light), 1.12 × 10-4 S m-1 dark)), than 2 (1.80 × 10-4 (light), 1.10 × 10-4 S m-1 (dark)) and 1 (5.06 × 10-5 (light), 4.72 × 10-5 S m-1 (dark)). This light-induced electrical conductivity can pave the way toward fabrication of an active electronic device by using the discussed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprava Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipankar Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabin Baran Manik
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chittaranjan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Marcial-Hernandez R, Giacalone S, Neal WG, Lee CS, Gilhooly-Finn PA, Mastroianni G, Meli D, Wu R, Rivnay J, Palma M, Nielsen CB. Aqueous processing of organic semiconductors enabled by stable nanoparticles with built-in surfactants. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6793-6801. [PMID: 36946985 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of oligoether side chains onto a polymer backbone can help to stabilise polymeric dispersions in water without the necessity of surfactants or additives when conjugated polymer nanoparticles are prepared. A series of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) derivatives with different content of a polar thiophene derivative 3-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)thiophene was interrogated to find the effect of the polar chains on the stability of the formed nanoparticles, as well as their structural, optical, electrochemical, and electrical properties. Findings indicated that incorporation of 10-20 percent of the polar side chain led to particles that are stable over a period of 42 days, with constant particle size and polydispersity, however the particles from the polymer with 30 percent polar side chain showed aggregation effects. The polymer dispersions showed a stronger solid-like behaviour in water with decreasing polar side chain content, while thin film deposition from water was found to afford globular morphologies and crystallites with more isotropic orientation compared to conventional solution-processed films. As a proof-of-principle, field-effect transistors were fabricated directly from the aqueous dispersions demonstrating that polymers with hydrophilic moieties can be processed in water without the requirement of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Giacalone
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - William G Neal
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Chang-Seuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Peter A Gilhooly-Finn
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Giulia Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Dilara Meli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ruiheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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5
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Intriguing π-interactions involving aromatic neutrals, aromatic cations and semiconducting behavior in a pyridinium-carboxylate salt. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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6
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Tarekegn EN, Seyedi M, Luzinov I, Harrell WR. Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-Based Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Virgin Graphene Oxide as an Interfacial Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235061. [PMID: 36501455 PMCID: PMC9736656 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated and characterized poly(3-hexylthiophene-2, 5-diyl) (P3HT)-based Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) containing an interfacial layer made from virgin Graphene Oxide (GO). Previously chemically modified GO and reduced GO (RGO) were used to modify OTFT interfaces. However, to our knowledge, there are no published reports where virgin GO was employed for this purpose. For the sake of comparison, OTFTs without modification were also manufactured. The structure of the devices was based on the Bottom Gate Bottom Contact (BGBC) OTFT. We show that the presence of the GO monolayer on the surface of the OTFT's SiO2 dielectric and Au electrode surface noticeably improves their performance. Namely, the drain current and the field-effect mobility of OTFTs are considerably increased by modifying the interfaces with the virgin GO deposition. It is suggested that the observed enhancement is connected to a decrease in the contact resistance of GO-covered Au electrodes and the particular structure of the P3HT layer on the dielectric surface. Namely, we found a specific morphology of the organic semiconductor P3HT layer, where larger interconnecting polymer grains are formed on the surface of the GO-modified SiO2. It is proposed that this specific morphology is formed due to the increased mobility of the P3HT segments near the solid boundary, which was confirmed via Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob N. Tarekegn
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Mastooreh Seyedi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Igor Luzinov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (W.R.H.)
| | - William R. Harrell
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (W.R.H.)
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7
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Çalışkan E. Chemoselective Synthesis of Tyrosine‐Based Polymers and Comparison of Their Thermal, Kinetic, and Dielectric Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eray Çalışkan
- Bingol University Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry Bingol Turkey
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8
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Velusamy A, Afraj SN, Yau S, Liu C, Ezhumalai Y, Kumaresan P, Chen M. Fused thiophene based materials for organic thin‐film transistors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Shuehlin Yau
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Centre for Material Chemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore India
| | | | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules National Central University Taoyuan Taiwan
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9
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MXene based saturation organic vertical photoelectric transistors with low subthreshold swing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2898. [PMID: 35610215 PMCID: PMC9130145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transistors have attracted enormous attention in the next-generation electronic devices due to their high working frequency, low operation voltage and large current density, while a major scientific and technological challenge for high performance vertical transistor is to find suitable source electrode. Herein, an MXene material, Ti3C2Tx, is introduced as source electrode of organic vertical transistors. The porous MXene films take the advantage of both partially shielding effect of graphene and the direct modulation of the Schottky barrier at the mesh electrode, which significantly enhances the ability of gate modulation and reduces the subthreshold swing to 73 mV/dec. More importantly, the saturation of output current which is essential for all transistor-based applications but remains a great challenge for vertical transistors, is easily achieved in our device due to the ultra-thin thickness and native oxidation of MXene, as verified by finite-element simulations. Finally, our device also possesses great potential for being used as wide-spectrum photodetector with fast response speed without complex material and structure design. This work demonstrates that MXene as source electrode offers plenty of opportunities for high performance vertical transistors and photoelectric devices. The modulation of Schottky barrier, which dominates the carrier injection in vertical organic field-effect transistors, strongly depends on the source electrode. Here, Chen et al. utilize MXene as a source electrode, achieving a subthreshold swing down to 73 mv/dec and a large gate control ability.
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10
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Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
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Choi J, Lee C, Lee C, Park H, Lee SM, Kim CH, Yoo H, Im SG. Vertically stacked, low-voltage organic ternary logic circuits including nonvolatile floating-gate memory transistors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2305. [PMID: 35484111 PMCID: PMC9051064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits based on heterojunction transistor (HTR) have emerged as an effective strategy for high-density information processing without increasing the circuit complexity. Herein, an organic ternary logic inverter (T-inverter) is demonstrated, where a nonvolatile floating-gate flash memory is employed to control the channel conductance systematically, thus realizing the stabilized T-inverter operation. The 3-dimensional (3D) T-inverter is fabricated in a vertically stacked form based on all-dry processes, which enables the high-density integration with high device uniformity. In the flash memory, ultrathin polymer dielectrics are utilized to reduce the programming/erasing voltage as well as operating voltage. With the optimum programming state, the 3D T-inverter fulfills all the important requirements such as full-swing operation, optimum intermediate logic value (~VDD/2), high DC gain exceeding 20 V/V as well as low-voltage operation (< 5 V). The organic flash memory exhibits long retention characteristics (current change less than 10% after 104 s), leading to the long-term stability of the 3D T-inverter. We believe the 3D T-inverter employing flash memory developed in this study can provide a useful insight to achieve high-performance MVL circuits. High-density information processing without increasing the circuit complexity is highly desired in electronics. Here, Im et al. demonstrate a low-voltage organic ternary logic circuit vertically integrated with the nonvolatile flash memory, increasing the information density by a factor of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhwan Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Changhyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chungryeol Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hongkeun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering Gachon University 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Korea.
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,KAIST Institute For NanoCentury (KINC) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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12
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Hawly T, Johnson M, Späth A, Nickles Jäkel H, Wu M, Spiecker E, Watts B, Nefedov A, Fink RH. Exploring the Preparation Dependence of Crystalline 2D-Extended Ultrathin C8-BTBT-C8 Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16830-16838. [PMID: 35352935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline organic semiconducting thin films from the benchmark molecule C8-BTBT-C8 were obtained using physical vapor deposition and various solution-based methods. Utilizing atomic force microscopy and X-ray spectromicroscopy, we illustrate the influence of the underlying growth mechanism and determine the highly preparation-dependent orientation of the thiophene backbone. We observe a continuous trend for crystalline C8-BTBT-C8 thin film domains to extend into the square millimeter-range under near-equilibrium growth conditions. For such well-defined systems, electron diffraction tomography allows us to precisely determine the unit cell directly after film deposition and to reveal an 8° molecular tilt angle with respect to the surface normal. This finding is in almost perfect accordance with the values derived from near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure linear dichroism. Within this work, we shine a light on both the successes and challenges connected to the realization of potent, thiophene-based semiconducting films, paving the way toward square centimeter-sized ultrathin organic crystals and their application in organic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hawly
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Johnson
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Späth
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Nickles Jäkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rainer H Fink
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Ma YX, Lai PT, Tang WM. Low-Temperature-Processed High-Performance Pentacene OTFTs with Optimal Nd-Ti Oxynitride Mixture as Gate Dielectric. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062255. [PMID: 35329704 PMCID: PMC8951527 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
When processed at a low temperature of 200 °C, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with pentacene channel adopting high-k Neodymium-Titanium oxynitride mixtures (NdTiON) with various Ti contents as gate dielectrics are fabricated. The Ti content in the NdTiON is varied by co-sputtering a Ti target at 0 W, 10 W, 20 W and 30 W, respectively, while fixing the sputtering power of an Nd target at 45 W. High-performance OTFT is obtained for the 20 W-sputtered Ti, including a small threshold voltage of −0.71 V and high carrier mobility of 1.70 cm2/V·s. The mobility improvement for the optimal Ti content can be attributed to smoother dielectric surface and resultant larger overlying pentacene grains as reflected by Atomic Force Microscopy measurements. Moreover, this sample with the optimal Ti content shows much higher mobility than its counterpart processed at a higher temperature of 400 °C (0.8 cm2/V·s) because it has a thinner gate-dielectric/gate-electrode interlayer for stronger screening on the remote phonon scattering by the gate electrode. In addition, a high dielectric constant of around 10 is obtained for the NdTiON gate dielectric that contributes to a threshold voltage smaller than 1 V for the pentacene OTFT, implying the high potential of the Nd-Ti oxynitride in future high-performance organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiao Ma
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pui-To Lai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (P.-T.L.); (W.-M.T.)
| | - Wing-Man Tang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: (P.-T.L.); (W.-M.T.)
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14
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Kamencek T, Zojer E. Discovering structure-property relationships for the phonon band structures of hydrocarbon-based organic semiconductor crystals: the instructive case of acenes. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:2532-2543. [PMID: 35310857 PMCID: PMC8852262 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc04708f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By studying the low-frequency phonon bands of a series of crystalline acenes, this article lays the foundation for the development of structure-property relationships for phonons in organic semiconductors. Combining state-of-the art quantum-mechanical simulations with simple classical models, we explain how and why phonon frequencies and group velocities do or do not change when varying the molecular and crystal structures of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kamencek
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
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15
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Maurya P, Mittal P, Kumar B. Performance improvement for organic light emitting diodes by changing the position of mixed-interlayer. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) is presently the most sought-after display technology. It provides low-cost, flexible, rollable displays in addition to wide viewing angles and excellent colour qualities. Still, the organic displays have not reached at their best performance and there is a lot of scope for improvement in their performance. In addition to the injection layer, emission layer, transport layer, etc, researchers are looking forward to the charge carrier transport layer, spacer layer, mixed interlayer, etc. to further enhance the device performance. In this article, a depth analysis related to the impact of the position of the mixed interlayer is performed to analyze the impact on device performance. It is observed that on shifting mixed interlayer (MI) towards the cathode; luminescence and current density depict depreciation. However, on shifting MI towards anode there is a significant performance improvement. The complete analysis includes seven device structures, wherein the position of MI is varied. The best performing device depicts luminescence of 17139 cd/m2 and a current density of 84.6 mA/cm2, which is 40.05% higher for luminescence and 111.5% for current density than that of reference device. Additionally, the internal analysis of device structure is thoroughly evaluated using the cut line method to better understand the internal device physics in terms of the electric field, electron concentration, total current density, Langevin’s recombination rate, and Singlet exciton density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Maurya
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. M. M. University of Technology, Gorakhpur (UP), India
| | - Poornima Mittal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, M. M. M. University of Technology, Gorakhpur (UP), India
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16
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Wahab NZA, Ismail AG, Ramli MM, Sidek RM, Shafie S, Mohtar MN. Organic layer TIPS pentacene on commercial prefabricated bottom gate-top contact OFET. SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (ISAMN 2020) 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Liu X, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Liu J, Jiang L, Han Y. Small Molecule: Polymer Blends for N‐type Organic Thin Film Transistors via Bar‐coating in Air. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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18
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Ojha SK, Kumar B. Analysis of electrical characteristics and electroluminescent efficiency of field induced contact-DGOLET. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This research paper discusses the significance development in field-induced contact dual-gate organic light emitting transistor (FIC-DGOLET) device architecture and characteristics. The device behaviour is analyzed and observed significant value of electroluminescent efficiency. The deep investigation of FIC-DGOLET device is discussed in this paper, where impact of varying the various parameters such as thickness of organic semiconductor (OSC) materials from the range of 400 nm to 200 nm at altered value of threshold voltage by using 2D ATLAS simulator. Its theoretical calculation influence over the dynamic control of the device characteristics such as saturated drain current (I ds ), mobility (μ), threshold voltage (V th ) as well as sub threshold swing. The FIC-DGOLET is a dual-gate transistor which also emits light by the operations of two accumulated regions, that are electrons and holes which is not completely overlapped to each other. The leakage current in DG-OLET can be reduced to the extent that 70% than single gate OLET (SG-OLET). The recombination zone mechanism of FIC-DGOLET plays a vital role in its performance, where we get comparable value of electroluminescent efficiency with reported, low value of exciton quenching and current densities. The extracted parameters of DG-OLETs are like drive current of 100A, I on/off 108, threshold voltage V th of 1.3 V at V gs of –3 V and V ds of 0 to –3 V. These extracted performance parameters are very helpful in designing of flexible display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Ojha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engg, IET, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (UP)
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engg, M.M.M. University of Technology, Gorakhpur (UP)
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19
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Gupta S, Mittal P, Juneja P. Performance Improvement in single-gate organic transistors with contacts at top and bottom: Additional p + region insertion near source and drain. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This research explores performance attributes of bottom gate top contact (BGTC) and bottom gate bottom contact (BGBC) organic thin film transistors (OTFT). To upgrade the performance characteristics, a region of 5nm with high concentration of carrier is tallied neighboring contacts. The drain current for BGTC is –18.6μ A as compared to –5.1μ A of BGBC transistor. Also, it is established that the innate attributes of BGTC are better than those of their counterparts, which is typically considered because of the inadequate contact attributes and mediocre semiconductor quality of BGBC OTFT. The analysis showed that upon varying the length of the channel ranging from 5μm to 40μm, there was a significant change in the drain current of BGTC and BGBC devices. For the same values of V GS and V DS (0V to –5V) where drain current in BGTC structure varied from –129.86μ A to –13.69μ A, whereas for their counterparts it ranged from –37.10μ A to –3.76μ A for channel length equal to 5μ m and 40μ m respectively. Also, with the varying doping strength ranging from 1012 cm–3 to 1016 cm–3 for BGBC device, drain current varied from –2.15μ A to –18.52μ A for BGTC whereas for BGBC it varied from –0.19μ A to –7.09μ A keeping V GS and V DS –5 V, yielding that upon varying the doping strength, where for BGTC I D changed by a factor of 8.6, the BGBC device showed a considerable change by a factor of 37.3. Likewise, mobility, threshold voltage, sub-threshold swing and transconductance also showing better performance with the P + insertion. These variations in the innate attributes are primarily due to the deficiency of carriers at the interface of source and channel, leading to a greater drop in the potential, which is more prominent for the bottom gate bottom contact devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poornima Mittal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Juneja
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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20
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Johnson M, Hawly T, Wu M, Spiecker E, Fink RH. Structural characterization of α,ω-DH6T monolayer films grown at the liquid-liquid interface. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9765-9771. [PMID: 34647955 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular self-organization of α,ω-dihexylsexithiophene (α,ω-DH6T) monolayers prepared at the solvent-water interface is investigated by complementary microscopy techniques. Our study focuses on the influence of solvents and initial droplet volume on the resulting film morphology. Long-range extended domains in the monolayer regime are detected by visible light microscopy only for toluene. Small-area electron diffraction (SAED) proves the formation of single-crystalline monolayers with structural parameters identical to the organic bulk crystals. In comparison with conventional vacuum sublimated thin films a deviant molecular orientation, derived from near-edge-X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in combination with a lower step height measured by atomic-force-microscopy (AFM), indicates a different behaviour of the flexible terminal hexyl chains during growth in a liquid surrounding. Furthermore, a structural degradation over time is observed which is caused by residual solvent molecules that are incorporated during the transfer procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Johnson
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tim Hawly
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer H Fink
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), ICMM, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Edri E, Armon N, Greenberg E, Moshe-Tsurel S, Lubotzky D, Salzillo T, Perelshtein I, Tkachev M, Girshevitz O, Shpaisman H. Laser Printing of Multilayered Alternately Conducting and Insulating Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:36416-36425. [PMID: 34296861 PMCID: PMC8397236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of multilayered microstructures composed of conducting and insulating materials is of great interest as they can be utilized as microelectronic components. Current proposed fabrication methods of these microstructures include top-down and bottom-up methods, each having their own set of drawbacks. Laser-based methods were shown to pattern various materials with micron/sub-micron resolution; however, multilayered structures demonstrating conducting/insulating/conducting properties were not yet realized. Here, we demonstrate laser printing of multilayered microstructures consisting of conducting platinum and insulating silicon oxide layers by a combination of thermally driven reactions with microbubble-assisted printing. PtCl2 dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a precursor to form conducting Pt layers, while tetraethyl orthosilicate dissolved in NMP formed insulating silicon oxide layers identified by Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate control over the height of the insulating layer between ∼50 and 250 nm by varying the laser power and number of iterations. The resistivity of the silicon oxide layer at 0.5 V was 1.5 × 1011 Ωm. Other materials that we studied were found to be porous and prone to cracking, rendering them irrelevant as insulators. Finally, we show how microfluidics can enhance multilayered laser microprinting by quickly switching between precursors. The concepts presented here could provide new opportunities for simple fabrication of multilayered microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Edri
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nina Armon
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ehud Greenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shlomit Moshe-Tsurel
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Danielle Lubotzky
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maria Tkachev
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga Girshevitz
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hagay Shpaisman
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat
Gan 5290002, Israel
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22
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23
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A Review of the Progress of Thin-Film Transistors and Their Technologies for Flexible Electronics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060655. [PMID: 34199683 PMCID: PMC8227224 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronics enable various technologies to be integrated into daily life and fuel the quests to develop revolutionary applications, such as artificial skins, intelligent textiles, e-skin patches, and on-skin displays. Mechanical characteristics, including the total thickness and the bending radius, are of paramount importance for physically flexible electronics. However, the limitation regarding semiconductor fabrication challenges the mechanical flexibility of thin-film electronics. Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) are a key component in thin-film electronics that restrict the flexibility of thin-film systems. Here, we provide a brief overview of the trends of the last three decades in the physical flexibility of various semiconducting technologies, including amorphous-silicon, polycrystalline silicon, oxides, carbon nanotubes, and organics. The study demonstrates the trends of the mechanical properties, including the total thickness and the bending radius, and provides a vision for the future of flexible TFTs.
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24
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Chiu KL, Ho JKW, Zhang C, Cheung SH, Yin H, Chan MH, So SK. Heat transfer in photovoltaic polymers and bulk‐heterojunctions investigated by scanning photothermal deflection technique. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lok Chiu
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Johnny Ka Wai Ho
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chujun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sin Hang Cheung
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mau Hing Chan
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shu Kong So
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
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25
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26
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Organic Thin-Film Transistors as Gas Sensors: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010003. [PMID: 33375044 PMCID: PMC7792760 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are miniaturized devices based upon the electronic responses of organic semiconductors. In comparison to their conventional inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors are cheaper, can undergo reversible doping processes and may have electronic properties chiefly modulated by molecular engineering approaches. More recently, OTFTs have been designed as gas sensor devices, displaying remarkable performance for the detection of important target analytes, such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The present manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the working principle of OTFTs for gas sensing, with concise descriptions of devices’ architectures and parameter extraction based upon a constant charge carrier mobility model. Then, it moves on with methods of device fabrication and physicochemical descriptions of the main organic semiconductors recently applied to gas sensors (i.e., since 2015 but emphasizing even more recent results). Finally, it describes the achievements of OTFTs in the detection of important gas pollutants alongside an outlook toward the future of this exciting technology.
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27
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Kim J, Huong CTT, Long NV, Yoon M, Kim MJ, Jeong JK, Choi S, Kim DH, Lee CH, Lee SU, Sung MM. Complementary Hybrid Semiconducting Superlattices with Multiple Channels and Mutual Stabilization. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4864-4871. [PMID: 32551703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An organic-inorganic hybrid superlattice with near perfect synergistic integration of organic and inorganic constituents was developed to produce properties vastly superior to those of either moiety alone. The complementary hybrid superlattice is composed of multiple quantum wells of 4-mercaptophenol organic monolayers and amorphous ZnO nanolayers. Within the superlattice, multichannel formation was demonstrated at the organic-inorganic interfaces to produce an excellent-performance field effect transistor exhibiting outstanding field-effect mobility with band-like transport and steep subthreshold swing. Furthermore, mutual stabilizations between organic monolayers and ZnO effectively reduced the performance degradation notorious in exclusively organic and ZnO transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Thi Thu Huong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Van Long
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeong Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungju Choi
- C-ICT Research Center (ERC), School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- C-ICT Research Center (ERC), School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-Ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-Ro, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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28
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Xiang L, Zeng X, Xia F, Jin W, Liu Y, Hu Y. Recent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: From the Perspective of System Integration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6449-6469. [PMID: 32479071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological signals generated during various biological processes are critically important for providing insight into the human physiological status. Recently, there have been many great efforts in developing flexible and stretchable sensing systems to provide biological signal monitoring platforms with intimate integration with biological surfaces. Here, this review summarizes the recent advances in flexible and stretchable sensing systems from the perspective of electronic system integration. A comprehensive general sensing system architecture is described, which consists of sensors, sensor interface circuits, memories, and digital processing units. The subsequent content focuses on the integration requirements and highlights some advanced progress for each component. Next, representative examples of flexible and stretchable sensing systems for electrophysiological, physical, and chemical information monitoring are introduced. This review concludes with an outlook on the remaining challenges and opportunities for future fully flexible or stretchable sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanlin Jin
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
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29
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Yu YY, Yang CH. Preparation and Application of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials in Stretched Organic Thin Film Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051058. [PMID: 32380786 PMCID: PMC7284877 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High-transparency soluble polyimide with COOH and fluorine functional groups and TiO2-SiO2 composite inorganic nanoparticles with high dielectric constants were synthesized in this study. The polyimide and inorganic composite nanoparticles were further applied in the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid high dielectric materials as the gate dielectric for a stretchable transistor. The optimal ratio of organic and inorganic components in the hybrid films was investigated. In addition, Jeffamine D2000 and polyurethane were added to the gate dielectric to improve the tensile properties of the organic thin film transistor (OTFT) device. PffBT4T-2OD was used as the semiconductor layer material and indium gallium liquid alloy as the upper electrode. Electrical property analysis demonstrated that the mobility could reach 0.242 cm2·V−1·s−1 at an inorganic content of 30 wt.%, and the switching current ratio was 9.04 × 103. After Jeffamine D2000 and polyurethane additives were added, the mobility and switching current could be increased to 0.817 cm2·V−1·s−1 and 4.27 × 105 for Jeffamine D2000 and 0.562 cm2·V−1·s−1 and 2.04 × 105 for polyurethane, respectively. Additives also improved the respective mechanical properties. The stretching test indicated that the addition of polyurethane allowed the OTFT device to be stretched to 50%, and the electrical properties could be maintained after stretching 150 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yen Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Cheng-Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
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30
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Tousignant MN, Rice NA, Peltekoff A, Sundaresan C, Miao C, Hamad WY, Lessard BH. Improving Thin-Film Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) by the Addition of Low-Weight Percentages of Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3550-3557. [PMID: 32163710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased demand for electronic devices, combined with a desire to minimize the environmental impact, necessitates the development of new eco-friendly materials. One promising approach is the incorporation of renewable and green materials that possess the desired mechanical and electrical properties while allowing for more ecologically friendly disposal of these devices. The addition of low-weight percentages (0.25-0.75 wt %) of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was investigated as an environmentally friendly additive in aqueous dispersions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). It was found that these low CNC loadings were sufficient to induce a favorable increase in viscosity, which in turn dramatically enhanced the film quality of the PVA blends through an improvement in the critical radius of the spun film, overall film thickness, and homogeneity of the thin film. This corresponded to an increase in the number of functioning organic electronic devices that could be fabricated by spin coating, including metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Most importantly, the incorporation of CNCs into PVA did not significantly alter the native dielectric properties of the polymer thin films when incorporated into both MIM capacitors and OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu N Tousignant
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Alexander Peltekoff
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Chithiravel Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences (IMS), National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chuanwei Miao
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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31
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Ren H, Chen J, Li Y, Tang J. Recent Progress in Organic Photodetectors and their Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2002418. [PMID: 33437578 PMCID: PMC7788634 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted continuous attention due to their outstanding advantages, such as tunability of detecting wavelength, low-cost manufacturing, compatibility with lightweight and flexible devices, as well as ease of processing. Enormous efforts on performance improvement and application of OPDs have been devoted in the past decades. In this Review, recent advances in device architectures and operation mechanisms of phototransistor, photoconductor, and photodiode based OPDs are reviewed with a focus on the strategies aiming at performance improvement. The application of OPDs in spectrally selective detection, wearable devices, and integrated optoelectronics are also discussed. Furthermore, some future prospects on the research challenges and new opportunities of OPDs are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics ScienceMinistry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research CenterEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200062P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Jing‐De Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronics ScienceMinistry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research CenterEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200062P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Xin Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesInstitute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
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32
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Passian A, Imam N. Nanosystems, Edge Computing, and the Next Generation Computing Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4048. [PMID: 31546907 PMCID: PMC6767340 DOI: 10.3390/s19184048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that nanoscience and nanotechnology and their subfields, such as nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanomechanics, have had a tremendous impact on recent advances in sensing, imaging, and communication, with notable developments, including novel transistors and processor architectures. For example, in addition to being supremely fast, optical and photonic components and devices are capable of operating across multiple orders of magnitude length, power, and spectral scales, encompassing the range from macroscopic device sizes and kW energies to atomic domains and single-photon energies. The extreme versatility of the associated electromagnetic phenomena and applications, both classical and quantum, are therefore highly appealing to the rapidly evolving computing and communication realms, where innovations in both hardware and software are necessary to meet the growing speed and memory requirements. Development of all-optical components, photonic chips, interconnects, and processors will bring the speed of light, photon coherence properties, field confinement and enhancement, information-carrying capacity, and the broad spectrum of light into the high-performance computing, the internet of things, and industries related to cloud, fog, and recently edge computing. Conversely, owing to their extraordinary properties, 0D, 1D, and 2D materials are being explored as a physical basis for the next generation of logic components and processors. Carbon nanotubes, for example, have been recently used to create a new processor beyond proof of principle. These developments, in conjunction with neuromorphic and quantum computing, are envisioned to maintain the growth of computing power beyond the projected plateau for silicon technology. We survey the qualitative figures of merit of technologies of current interest for the next generation computing with an emphasis on edge computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Passian
- Computing & Computational Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Neena Imam
- Computing & Computational Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
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33
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Karri SN, Rao Nakka NM, Sesha Sainath AV, Palaniappan S. Synthesis of homo/3‐ and 4‐armed hydrophilic glycopolymers: To promote aniline to polyaniline‐glycopolymers for fluorescence, electro active material, and electrostatic discharge applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangam Naidu Karri
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR‐HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR‐HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Annadanam V. Sesha Sainath
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR‐HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
| | - Srinivasan Palaniappan
- Polymers & Functional Materials DivisionCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007 Telangana India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR‐HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh 201 002 India
- CSIR–Network Institutes for Solar Energy Anusandhan Bavan, Delhi 110001 India
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34
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Mandal T, Pathak S, Dey A, Islam MM, Seth SK, Masum AA, Ortega-Castro J, Ray PP, Frontera A, Mukhopadhyay S. Structures, Photoresponse Properties, and Biological Activity of Dicyano-Substituted 4-Aryl-2-pyridone Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7200-7212. [PMID: 31459825 PMCID: PMC6649035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Described in this work is the synthesis of a novel dicyano-substituted N-2-aminoethyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyridone organic compound (1) that is characterized by several spectroscopic methods. Compound (1) was utilized for the preparation of its perchlorate (2), chloride (3), and bromide (4) salts. Single-crystal X-ray structures of these three salts were determined, and noncovalent weak interactions involving the aromatic rings, anions, and water molecules in (2-4) were investigated in detail. Solid-state UV-vis spectrum of the reported compounds (1-4) was utilized to calculate their optical band gaps, which clearly indicated that they belong to the semiconductor family. Under illumination condition, the magnitudes of electrical properties of (1) and its salts (2-4) improve remarkably although the improvement differs from salt to salt and the result was analyzed theoretically. Salt (2) was tested for its DNA binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sudipta Pathak
- Department
of Chemistry, Haldia Government College, Debhog, Purba
Medinipur, West Bengal 721657, India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sec. III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Md. Maidul Islam
- Department
of Chemistry, Aliah University, Action Area IIA/27, Kolkata 700156, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Seth
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abdulla Al Masum
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joaquín Ortega-Castro
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa
km 7.5, 07122 Palma
de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Partha Pratim Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament
de Química, Universitat de les Illes
Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa
km 7.5, 07122 Palma
de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Subrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Department of Life Science &
Bio-technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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35
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Wonanke ADD, Ferguson JL, Fitchett CM, Crittenden DL. Predicting the Outcome of Photocyclisation Reactions: A Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1293-1303. [PMID: 30719870 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reactions are a versatile class of aromatic ring-forming reactions. They are tolerant to functional group substitution and heteroatom inclusion, so can be used to form a diverse range of extended polyaromatic systems by fusing existing ring substituents. However, despite their undoubted synthetic utility, there are no existing models-computational or heuristic-that predict the outcome of photocyclisation reactions across all possible classes of reactants. This can be traced back to the fact that "negative" results are rarely published in the synthetic literature and the lack of a general conceptual framework for understanding how photoexcitation affects reactivity. In this work, we address both of these issues. We present experimental data for a series of aromatically substituted pyrroles and indoles, and show that quantifying induced atomic forces upon photoexcitation provides a powerful predictive model for determining whether a given reactant will photoplanarise and hence proceed to photocyclised product under appropriate reaction conditions. The propensity of a molecule to photoplanarise is related to localised changes in charge distribution around the putative forming ring upon photoexcitation. This is promoted by asymmetry in molecular structures and/or charge distributions, inclusion of heteroatoms and ethylene bridging and well-separated or isolated photocyclisation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Dinga Wonanke
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jayne L Ferguson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Deborah L Crittenden
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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36
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Jang YJ, Jung YE, Kwon EH, Lee CY, Park YD. Built-in Water Capture in a Polythiophene Film Blended with Metal-Organic Frameworks. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Mandal T, Dey A, Pathak S, Islam MM, Konar S, Ortega-Castro J, Seth SK, Ray PP, Frontera A, Mukhopadhyay S. Structures, photoresponse properties and DNA binding abilities of 4-(4-pyridinyl)-2-pyridone salts. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9663-9677. [PMID: 35520716 PMCID: PMC9062393 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00666d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three salts [perchlorate (2), chloride (3) and tetrafluoroborate (4)] were synthesized from a 1-(2-aminoethyl)-6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-[4,4′-bipyridine]-3,5-dicarbonitrile compound (1) and characterized by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Various noncovalent interactions (e.g., anion⋯π+, π⋯π, lp⋯π) are explored in the solid state crystal structure of the salts. Optical band gaps of all the four compounds were determined from their solid-state UV-vis spectrum. Electrical properties like electrical conductivity, photosensitivity, etc. were calculated and the results revealed that they have potential to act as optoelectronic devices. The values of the electrical parameters increase several times when they are exposed to visible light rather than in dark conditions. The light sensing properties of the salts (2–4) are enhanced compared to that of the mother organic compound 1 but the magnitude of this enhancement is not same for the three salts. This observation has been rationalized by theoretical considerations. Moreover, the DNA binding ability of one of the representative salts (compound 2) was examined to check the biological importance of the synthesized salts. The optical band gap energies in several 2-pyridone derivatives have been measured using solid state UV to explore their semiconductor behavior. The electric current measurements for the four compounds exhibit enhanced photoconduction properties under irradiation of light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences
- S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences
- Kolkata 700106
- India
- Department of Physics
| | | | | | - Saugata Konar
- Department of Chemistry
- Bhawanipur Education Society College
- Kolkata 700020
- India
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- 07122 Palmade Mallorca
- Spain
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38
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Dutta B, Das D, Datta J, Chandra A, Jana S, Sinha C, Ray PP, Mir MH. Synthesis of a Zn(ii)-based 1D zigzag coordination polymer for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices with remarkably high photosensitivity. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the fabrication of a novel Zn(ii)-based 1D zigzag coordination polymer, which shows remarkably high photosensitivity and has the potential to be used in photoswitching devices and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Aliah University
- Kolkata 700 156
- India
| | - Dhananjoy Das
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Joydeep Datta
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Angeera Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Srikanta Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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39
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Dutta B, Dey A, Sinha C, Ray PP, Mir MH. Tuning of the para-position of pyridyl ligands impacts the electrical properties of a series of Cd(ii) ladder polymers. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11259-11267. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the tuning of electrical nature of three Cd(ii)-based 1D coordination polymers by the modifications of para-substituent of pyridyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Aliah University
- Kolkata 700 156
- India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences
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40
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Jang YJ, Jung YE, Kim GW, Lee CY, Park YD. Metal–organic frameworks in a blended polythiophene hybrid film with surface-mediated vertical phase separation for the fabrication of a humidity sensor. RSC Adv 2019; 9:529-535. [PMID: 35521569 PMCID: PMC9059327 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HKUST-1 blended P3HT film dramatically improved the electrical signal variations in an OTFT-based humidity sensor due to the superior gas capture properties and the porosity of the HKUST-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Jang
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Eil Jung
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Woo Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeon Lee
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Don Park
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering
- Incheon National University
- Incheon 22012
- Republic of Korea
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41
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Purkait R, Dey A, Dey S, Ray PP, Sinha C. Design of a coumarinyl-picolinoyl hydrazide Schiff base for the fluorescence turn-on–off sequential sensing of Al3+ and nitroaromatics, and electronic device fabrication. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Designing a small organic molecule for fluorescence sensing and electrical conductivity is a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Purkait
- Department of Chemistry and Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Arka Dey
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences
| | - Sunanda Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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42
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Yin Y, Lewis DA, Andersson GG. Influence of Moisture on the Energy-Level Alignment at the MoO 3/Organic Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44163-44172. [PMID: 30465425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MoO3 is widely used in polymer-based organic solar cells as an anode buffer layer because of its high workfunction and formation of a strong dipole at the MoO3/polymer interface facilitating charge transfer across the MoO3/polymer interface. In the present work, we show that exposure of the MoO3/polymer interface to moisture attracts water molecules to the interface via diffusion. Because of their own strong dipole, water molecules counter the dipole at the MoO3/polymer interface. As a consequence, the charge transfer across the MoO3/polymer will reduce and affect the charge transport across the interface. The outcome of this work thus suggests that it is critical to keep the MoO3/polymer interface moisture-free, which requires special precautions in device fabrications. The composition of the MoO3/P3HT:PC61BM interface is analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the depth profiling technique, neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy. The results show that the concentration of oxygen increases upon exposure but leaves the oxidation state of Mo unchanged. The valence electron spectroscopy technique shows that the dipole across the MoO3/P3HT:PC61BM interface decreases even for short-time exposure to atmosphere because of the diffusion of water molecules to the interface. The far-ranging consequences for organic electronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yin
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001 , Australia
| | - David A Lewis
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001 , Australia
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001 , Australia
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cliff Jones
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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44
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Giacometti JA. Constant-current corona triode adapted and optimized for the characterization of thin dielectric films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:055109. [PMID: 29864870 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an enhanced corona triode with constant current adapted to characterize the electrical properties of thin dielectric films used in organic electronic devices. A metallic grid with a high ionic transparency is employed to charge thin films (100 s of nm thick) with a large enough charging current. The determination of the surface potential is based on the grid voltage measurement, but using a more sophisticated procedure than the previous corona triode. Controlling the charging current to zero, which is the open-circuit condition, the potential decay can be measured without using a vibrating grid. In addition, the electric capacitance and the characteristic curves of current versus the stationary surface potential can also be determined. To demonstrate the use of the constant current corona triode, we have characterized poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films with films with thicknesses in the range from 300 to 500 nm, frequently used as gate dielectric in organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Giacometti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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45
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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46
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Electric field dependence of charge mobility in linear conjugated polymers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Wearable E-Textile Technologies: A Review on Sensors, Actuators and Control Elements. INVENTIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions3010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Remes K, Leppänen K, Fabritius T. Thermography based online characterization of conductive thin films in large-scale electronics fabrication. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1219-1229. [PMID: 29401998 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics is an emerging thin film based technology enabling completely new types of products and applications compared to conventional electronics. Since the quality of films defines the functionality of fabricated devices, the lack of suitable online manufacturing quality assessment tools has been identified to be a critical bottleneck while upscaling the volume and the yield of thin film electronics manufacturing. In order to solve that problem, a synchronized thermography (ST) based online measurement system was built. Applicability of proposed roll-to-roll compatible ST based system was demonstrated by characterizing a moving plastic film with conductive indium tin oxide on top. Obtained results show that ST can be utilized for online homogeneity characterization and sheet resistance estimation of large area thin films which are not possible with other existing methods.
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Dutta B, Datta J, Maity S, Sinha C, Sun D, Ray PP, Mir MH. Electrical property and Schottky behavior of a flexible Schiff-base compound: X-ray structure and stabilization of 1D water chain. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24744-24749. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A flexible Schiff-base compound has been synthesized and structurally confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The compound behaves as a Schottky diode, as supported by the impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry
- Aliah University
- Kolkata 700 156
- India
| | - Joydeep Datta
- Department of Physics
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | | | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- People's Republic of China
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Manley EF, Strzalka J, Fauvell TJ, Jackson NE, Leonardi MJ, Eastham ND, Marks TJ, Chen LX. In Situ GIWAXS Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on PTB7 Thin Film Microstructure Evolution during Spin Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703933. [PMID: 28990271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of solvent and processing additives on the pathways and rates of crystalline morphology formation for spin-coated semiconducting PTB7 (poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)-carbonyl]-thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]) thin films is investigated by in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and optical reflectance, to better understand polymer solar cell (PSC) optimization approaches. In situ characterization of PTB7 film formation from chloroform (CF), chlorobenzene (CB), and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) solutions, as well as CB solutions with 1% and 3% v/v of the processing additives 1-chloronapthalene (CN), diphenylether (DPE), and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), reveals multiple crystallization pathways with: (i) single-solvent systems exhibiting rapid (<3 s) crystallization after a solvent boiling point-dependent film thinning transition, (ii) solvent + additive systems exhibiting different crystallization pathways and crystallite formation times from minutes (CN, DPE) to 1.5 h (DIO). Identifying crystalline intermediates has implications for bulk-heterojunction PSC morphology optimization via optimized spin-casting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Manley
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas J Fauvell
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew J Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nicholas D Eastham
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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