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Wetherell MA, Williams G, Doran J. Assessing the psychobiological demands of high-fidelity training in pre-hospital emergency medicine. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2024; 32:101. [PMID: 39385220 PMCID: PMC11462650 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-024-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who provide critical emergency care mount rapid psychobiological responses when faced with an incident. These responses are adaptive and ensure resources at time of demand; however, frequent activation with minimal opportunity for recovery can have negative consequences for health and wellbeing. Monitoring individuals in real emergency situations would provide an understanding of their stress responses during the provision of critical care; however, this presents logistical challenges. An alternative is to assess individuals during high-fidelity training scenarios. This is the first comprehensive assessment of psychobiological responding during continuous high-fidelity training in pre-hospital emergency medicine. METHODS A sample of doctors and paramedics (N = 27) participated during 10 days of training and a weekend of no activities. Training involved the acquisition of human factors, non-technical and surgical skills, and their application in complex high-fidelity scenarios including road-traffic accidents, firearms incidents, and swift water rescue operations. On each day participants reported levels of state, cognitive, and somatic anxiety, and self-confidence following waking and before sleep, and their anticipated (at wake) and experienced (before sleep) demands of the day. Saliva samples were obtained each day for assessment of diurnal cortisol indices and the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). Garmin smartwatches were worn throughout for the collection of heart rate and HRV-derived stress. RESULTS There were significant (p < 0.001) differences across days for state, cognitive, and somatic anxiety; self-confidence; anticipated and experienced demands; aggregated measures of heart rate and HRV-derived stress; levels of cortisol at waking (p = 0.002) and for the CAR (p < 0.001). Measures of psychobiological responding during training were distinct from the weekend and the highest levels of psychobiological responding occurred on days characterised by greater anticipated and experienced demands. DISCUSSION This high-fidelity training is typical of the day-to-day requirements of emergency services and these observations are representative of functioning during real-life critical care emergencies. Increased responding during times of demand is adaptive; however, frequent and sustained responding increases allostatic load and is a contributor to burnout. As burnout is a significant concern in emergency medicine, this study identifies patterns of responding and recovery that may impact upon longer-term health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wetherell
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Glenn Williams
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jeff Doran
- South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS5 3BW, UK
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Xue B, Li Y, Yan M, Luo H, Huang X. Effort-reward imbalance and well-being among psychiatric nurses: the mediating role of burnout and decent work. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:635. [PMID: 39256745 PMCID: PMC11389592 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric nurses face additional challenges due to negative perceptions, workplace violence, and a lack of respect, impacting their well-being and job satisfaction, which are crucial for improving psychiatric care and patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the relationship between effort-reward imbalance, well-being, burnout, and decent work among psychiatric nurses. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method in February 2024 from 397 psychiatric nurses at two psychiatric hospitals in Hangzhou and Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale, Decent Work Perception Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, and General Well-Being Schedule Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS macro. RESULTS The study found that effort-reward imbalance among psychiatric nurses was negatively correlated with decent work (r = -0.564, p < 0.001) and well-being (r = -0.541, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.603, p < 0.001). Burnout mediated the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and well-being (95% CI [-0.386, -0.257]), while decent work also served as a mediator (95% CI [-0.100, -0.012]). Additionally, burnout and decent work were found to mediate the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and well-being (95% CI [-0.050, -0.006]). CONCLUSION This study highlights the impact of effort-reward imbalance on well-being, confirming that burnout and decent work serve as mediators. Enhancing support, fair compensation, reasonable work schedules, and professional development can promote psychiatric nurses' perception of decent work and improve their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bowen Xue
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
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Bastian MB, Fröhlich L, Wessendorf J, Scheschenja M, König AM, Jedelska J, Mahnken AH. Prevalence of burnout among German radiologists: a call to action. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:5588-5594. [PMID: 38345608 PMCID: PMC11364704 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the presence of escalating global concerns regarding physician burnout, this study aims to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among radiologists in Germany. METHODS A comprehensive online survey, inclusive of 73 targeted questions including a German-modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, was distributed among all members of the German Radiological Society and the German Interventional Radiological Society between May and August 2023. The survey encompassed aspects of employment, workload, well-being, and coping mechanisms. Data from 172 completed surveys were analyzed, with correlations explored via crosstabs and the Pearson-chi-square test. RESULTS In total, 76.7% of participating radiologists were identified to be burnt out. The prevalence was significantly associated with increased workload, reduced sleep quality, suboptimal working conditions, reduced job satisfaction, and the negative interplay between work, family life, and health. Median work satisfaction was described as "satisfied" while median workload was assessed as "frequently overwhelming of work." A total of 41.9% of respondents noted facing daily time pressure. Radiologists' concerns about work interfering with private family life were voiced by approximately 70%, and 73.3% highlighted the perceived negative effects on their health. CONCLUSION The pronounced prevalence of burnout among German radiologists demonstrates an urgent, unmet need for comprehensive interventions and systemic changes. Our findings act as a catalyst for initiating targeted, multifaceted strategies and dialogs, essential for fostering a resilient and effective healthcare ecosystem. Further large-scale systematic studies should follow to analyze the findings in broad. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Consistent with other countries, there is a high prevalence of burnout among radiologists in Germany. A call for further investigation is recommended to help mitigate adverse outcomes associated with physician burnout. KEY POINTS • The prevalence of burnout has yet not been evaluated for German radiologists. • German radiologists have a high prevalence of burnout. • Steps must be implemented to engage this problem to prevent worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz B Bastian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Laureen Fröhlich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joel Wessendorf
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Scheschenja
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M König
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelska
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Mahnken
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse 1, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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Airagnes G, Fisk D, Haddad RE, le Faou AL, Limosin F. Burnout Mediates the Association Between Workaholism and Substance Use: Findings from a French National Company. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:451-466. [PMID: 38400994 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
To examine the mediation effect of burnout on the association between workaholism and tobacco and alcohol use. A total of 2199 workers from the French national electricity company fulfilled an online questionnaire. Smoking status, alcohol use disorder based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and workaholism based on the Work Addiction Risk Test were used as binary variables. Burnout was assessed as a continuous variable with the Copenhagen Burn-Out Inventory. Mediation analyses tested the direct effect of the associations between workaholism and each substance use, as well as the indirect effect passing through burnout, while adjusting for sociodemographic factors (gender, age, occupational grade and marital life), work stress using the effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment. When testing the mediation effect of burnout on the relation between workaholism and smoking, there was a significant direct effect of workaholism on smoking (Estimated effect of 0.27 [95% CI 0.01; 0.54]) and a significant indirect effect passing through burnout (Estimated effect of 0.09 [95% CI 0.02; 0.15]). When testing the mediation effect of burnout on the relation between workaholism and alcohol use, the direct effect of workaholism on alcohol use was not significant (Estimated effect of 0.21 [95% CI - 0.01; 0.44]) while the indirect effect passing through burnout was significant (Estimated effect of 0.10 [95% CI 0.04; 0.17]). Information and prevention regarding substance use should be reinforced among workers exposed to workaholism, especially if their workaholism led to a high level of burnout. Preventing the emergence of burnout among workaholics might have some benefits on their tobacco and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Airagnes
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts, INSERM UMS011, Villejuif, France.
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - David Fisk
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rita El Haddad
- Population-Based Epidemiological Cohorts, INSERM UMS011, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laurence le Faou
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, AP-HP.Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Paris, France
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Vaisman A, Guiloff R, Contreras M, Casas-Cordero JP, Calvo R, Figueroa D. Over 50% of self-reported burnout among Latin American orthopaedic surgeons: A cross-sectional survey on prevalence and risk factors. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:128-134. [PMID: 38036044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the prevalence of self-reported burnout and identify risk and protective factors based on demographic and life quality aspects, among Latin American orthopaedic surgeons. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional analytical design. An original design survey was developed using multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions to gather self-reported burnout, demographic, work-related, social, personal, and mood-related data. The survey was electronically distributed to the Chilean Orthopaedic Surgery Society and the Latin American Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Sports Medicine members. Statistical analysis included Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to determine associations between self-reported burnout and other variables. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify key risk and protective factors (p < 0.05). RESULTS The survey's response rate was 20 % (n = 358) out of the 1779 invitations that were sent. The most representative age range was 41-60 years (50 %) and 94 % were men. Of those surveyed, 50 % reported a burnout episode more than once per year, 60 % depersonalization when treating patients at least yearly, 13 % anhedonia, 11 % a depressive mood more than half of the month or almost every day, and 61 % weariness at the end of a working day. Burnout was statistically associated with age under 40 years old (p = 0.012), fewer years as a specialist (p = 0.037), fear of lawsuits (p < 0.001), a non-healthy diet (p = 0.003), non-doing recreational activities (p = 0.004), depersonalization when treating their patients (p < 0.001), weariness (p < 0.001), anhedonia (p < 0.001), depressive mood (p < 0.001), and career dissatisfaction (p < 0.001). The logistic regression demonstrated that fear of lawsuits (p < 0.001), weariness at the end of a workday (p = 0.016), and anhedonia (p = 0.019) were those variables with stronger direct associations with self-reported burnout. A healthy diet was the strongest protective variable (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Over 50 % of the Latin American orthopaedic surgeons who participated in the survey reported experiencing burnout episodes more than once a year, along with depersonalization when treating their patients at least once a year. Additionally, nearly 10 % of respondents experienced weekly depressive symptoms. Among the noteworthy risk factors for self-reported burnout were fear of lawsuits, weariness at the end of the workday, and anhedonia. Conversely, maintaining a healthy diet emerged as the most potent protective factor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vaisman
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Departamento Traumatología, Av. Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Guiloff
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Departamento Traumatología, Av. Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martín Contreras
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, 7610658, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Casas-Cordero
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, 7610658, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Calvo
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Departamento Traumatología, Av. Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Departamento Traumatología, Av. Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Santiago, Chile
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Hu JS, Pangaro LN, Gloria Andrada BM, Ceasar RC, Phillips JL. Physician Leadership and Burnout: The Need for Agency; a Qualitative Study of an Academic Institution. J Healthc Leadersh 2024; 16:121-130. [PMID: 38449510 PMCID: PMC10914963 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s419203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Organizational approaches to physician burnout are limited. Training physician leaders to influence the organizational environment is a growing area of study. This study explored perceived physician leadership behaviors in response to burnout from the viewpoint of faculty physicians not in formal leadership positions. Understanding physician leadership behaviors from the viewpoint of those faculty being led can inform organizational strategy and leadership training to address physician burnout. Subjects and Methods Interview requests were sent to 70 randomly identified faculty physicians from a roster containing all 1145 physician faculty that excluded the Pediatric Department, at an academic health care institution in Southern California. The first ten respondents were asked to participate in a 30-to-40-minute semi-structured virtual interview via Zoom. The interviewees were asked two questions pertaining to burnout and their perception of how leadership responded. The two questions were "What has leadership done to address burnout?" and "If you had five minutes to advise your leaders on burnout, what would you say?" The recorded interviews were transcribed, redacted, and then sent to two reviewers. Thematic analysis through iterative coding was completed, and categories were constructed that aligned with the two interview questions. Results Overall, five themes were identified. These themes were organized according to the interview questions and broadly categorized as physician leadership behaviors observed that corresponded to the interview question of what leadership had done to address burnout and physician leadership behaviors desired corresponding to the second interview question of what advice should be given. Leadership behaviors observed in the context of burnout included three themes; referral to individual wellness programs, increased number of meetings and events, and a lack of agency in addressing wellness issues. The two themes of leadership behaviors desired were the obtainment of more resources and the granting of greater appreciation and recognition for work done through enhanced communication. Conclusion This small study of faculty physician perceptions of leadership behaviors identified several themes that had been identified in previous studies of leadership and burnout; need for relationship building through communication, need for resources to address work issues, and referral to wellness programs. However, the identification of a lack of agency in addressing factors in the wellness environment has not been identified in the previous burnout and physician leadership literature. Further study into the causes of this perceived lack of agency should be explored. Understanding the root causes of physician leaders' lack of agency can further inform physician leadership education as an organizational approach to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Hu
- Department of Medicine – MD, EdD, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louis N Pangaro
- Department of Medicine – MD, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rachel C Ceasar
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- USC Rossier School of Education – DLS, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bärtl C, Henze GI, Peter HL, Giglberger M, Bohmann P, Speicher N, Konzok J, Kreuzpointner L, Waller L, Walter H, Wüst S, Kudielka BM. Neural and cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress in work-related burnout: The Regensburg Burnout Project. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106926. [PMID: 38118266 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several attempts have been made to elucidate the pathophysiology of burnout, neural stress responses have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine salivary cortisol and - for the first time - neural responses to acute psychosocial stress within a strictly specified sample consisting of individuals suffering from burnout (BO group) and a healthy comparison group (HC group). METHODS After a multi-stage recruitment procedure based on burnout symptomatology and pathogenesis, 55 individuals suffering from burnout (25 women) and 61 individuals serving as HC group (31 women) out of an initial sample of 1022 volunteers were exposed to acute psychosocial stress during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) applying ScanSTRESS. RESULTS No differences were found between the BO and the HC group with respect to cortisol and mean neural stress responses. However, an exploratory comparison of neural stress responses of the first and second run of ScanSTRESS (exposure-time effect) revealed group-specific response patterns in one cluster peaking in the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). While the neural activation of the HC group was higher in the first compared to the second run of ScanSTRESS (i.e., decreasing activation), this pattern was reversed in the BO group (i.e., increasing activation). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis mainly did not provide evidence for altered acute cortisol and mean neural stress responses in burnout. However, the BO group was characterized by a limited capacity to show decreasing activation over stress exposure-time and exhibited instead increasing activation. Importantly, this group difference manifested in the left dACC which is both involved in neural stress processing and affected in individuals suffering from burnout. Given the present results, it seems promising to further examining temporal dynamics of neural stress responses in (sub-) clinical conditions such as burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bärtl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gina-Isabelle Henze
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah L Peter
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Giglberger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Bohmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nina Speicher
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Konzok
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Lea Waller
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Marsh E, Perez Vallejos E, Spence A. Mindfully and confidently digital: A mixed methods study on personal resources to mitigate the dark side of digital working. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295631. [PMID: 38394182 PMCID: PMC10889626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates the potential of mindfulness to reduce employee stress. However, with work increasingly migrating from the physical to the digital workplace, evidence is lacking on how mindfulness might help employees live healthy digital working lives. In addition, employees' confidence when using the digital workplace is seen as important for productivity but may also play a role in reducing well-being impacts from digital working. Using the Job-Demands Resources model as a theoretical foundation, 142 workers were surveyed regarding their levels of trait mindfulness and digital workplace confidence, along with their experiences of the dark side effects (stress, overload, anxiety, Fear of Missing Out and addiction) and well-being outcomes (burnout and health). 14 workers were also interviewed to provide qualitative insights on these constructs. Results from regression analyses indicated that more digitally confident workers were less likely to experience digital workplace anxiety, while those with higher mindfulness were better protected against all of the dark side of digital working effects. Interview data indicated ways in which digital mindfulness helps protect well-being, as well as how digital workplace confidence enables healthier digital habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Marsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Perez Vallejos
- School of Medicine (Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre) and School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Spence
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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John A, Bouillon-Minois JB, Bagheri R, Pélissier C, Charbotel B, Llorca PM, Zak M, Ugbolue UC, Baker JS, Dutheil F. The influence of burnout on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1326745. [PMID: 38439796 PMCID: PMC10909938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1326745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is a public health problem with various health consequences, among which cardiovascular disease is the most investigated but still under debate. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the influence of burnout on cardiovascular disease. Methods Studies reporting risk (odds ratio, relative risk, and hazard ratio) of cardiovascular disease following burnout were searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. We performed a random-effect meta-analysis stratified by type of cardiovascular disease and searched for putative influencing variables. We performed sensitivity analyses using the most adjusted models and crude risks. Results We included 25 studies in the systematic review and 9 studies in the meta-analysis (4 cross-sectional, 4 cohort, and 1 case-control study) for a total of 26,916 participants. Burnout increased the risk of cardiovascular disease by 21% (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.39) using the most adjusted risks and by 27% (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.43) using crude risks. Using stratification by type of cardiovascular disease and the most adjusted risks, having experienced burnout significantly increased the risk of prehypertension by 85% (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.70) and cardiovascular disease-related hospitalization by 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18), whereas the risk increase for coronary heart disease (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.79) and myocardial infarction (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.71) was not significant. Results were also similar using crude odds ratio. The risk of cardiovascular disease after a burnout was not influenced by gender. Insufficient data precluded other meta-regressions. Conclusions Burnout seems to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, despite the few retrieved studies and a causality weakened by cross-sectional studies. However, numerous studies focused on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular risk linked to burnout, which may help to build a preventive strategy in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awena John
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Carole Pélissier
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, IFSTTAR, Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, CHU Saint-Etienne, Occupational Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Université Lyon 1, UMRESTTE, CHU Lyon, Occupational Medicine, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marek Zak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, The Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, South Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Cler-mont-Ferrand, Occupational Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Holzgang SA, Sivakumar S, Kuenburg A, Pazhenkottil AP, Gomez Vieito D, von Känel R. Cortisol Reactivity to Acute Psychosocial Stress in Physician Burnout. Biomedicines 2024; 12:335. [PMID: 38397938 PMCID: PMC10886584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician burnout, characterized by chronic job-related stress leading to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This cross-sectional study investigates cortisol reactivity in male physicians with burnout compared to healthy controls during an acute psychosocial stress test. METHODS Sixty male physicians (30 burnout, 30 healthy controls) participated between September 2019 and December 2021 to investigate the impact of burnout on cardiovascular health. Salivary cortisol levels were measured before and after a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Covariates included age, BMI, and physical activity. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis and area under the curve analysis. RESULTS Male physicians with burnout exhibited significantly greater cortisol reactivity during the TSST, notably post-stress to 15 min post-stress. Emotional exhaustion correlated with reduced cortisol increase from pre-stress and smaller post-stress to 15- and 45-min declines. DISCUSSION Findings suggest heightened cortisol reactivity in male physicians with burnout, possibly reflecting initial chronic stress stages. This study highlights the necessity for long-term research on cortisol's influence on cardiovascular health and stress responses across diverse groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings contribute to comprehending physiological responses in burnout-afflicted physicians, emphasizing cortisol reactivity's pivotal role in stress-related research and its potential health implications, particularly within the burnout context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Sarah A. Holzgang
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Alexa Kuenburg
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
| | - Aju P. Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Gomez Vieito
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.P.); (S.A.H.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.P.P.); (R.v.K.)
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11
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von Känel R, Princip M, Holzgang SA, Garefa C, Rossi A, Benz DC, Giannopoulos AA, Kaufmann PA, Buechel RR, Zuccarella-Hackl C, Pazhenkottil AP. Coronary microvascular function in male physicians with burnout and job stress: an observational study. BMC Med 2023; 21:477. [PMID: 38041159 PMCID: PMC10693019 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a professional group, physicians are at increased risk of burnout and job stress, both of which are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease that is at least as high as that of other professionals. This study aimed to examine the association of burnout and job stress with coronary microvascular function, a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS Thirty male physicians with clinical burnout and 30 controls without burnout were included. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and job stress with the effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment questionnaire. All participants underwent myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography to quantify endothelium-dependent (cold pressor test) and endothelium-independent (adenosine challenge) coronary microvascular function. Burnout and job stress were regressed on coronary flow reserve (primary outcome) and two additional measures of coronary microvascular function in the same model while adjusting for age and body mass index. RESULTS Burnout and job stress were significantly and independently associated with endothelium-dependent microvascular function. Burnout was positively associated with coronary flow reserve, myocardial blood flow response, and hyperemic myocardial blood flow (r partial = 0.28 to 0.35; p-value = 0.008 to 0.035). Effort-reward ratio (r partial = - 0.32 to - 0.38; p-value = 0.004 to 0.015) and overcommitment (r partial = - 0.30 to - 0.37; p-value = 0.005 to 0.022) showed inverse associations with these measures. CONCLUSIONS In male physicians, burnout and high job stress showed opposite associations with coronary microvascular endothelial function. Longitudinal studies are needed to show potential clinical implications and temporal relationships between work-related variables and coronary microvascular function. Future studies should include burnout and job stress for a more nuanced understanding of their potential role in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah A Holzgang
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chrysoula Garefa
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik C Benz
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas A Giannopoulos
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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von Känel R, Princip M, Holzgang SA, Sivakumar S, Pazhenkottil AP, Gomez Vieito D, Zuccarella-Hackl C. Sympathetic nervous system responses to acute psychosocial stress in male physicians with clinical burnout. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108687. [PMID: 37716520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational burnout has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) dysfunction as one explanation. This study examined the effects of burnout on responses of SNS activity measures to acute psychosocial stress in male physicians, a population at risk for burnout. METHODS Study participants were 60 male physicians, 30 with clinical burnout, assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and 30 without burnout (controls). All participants underwent the 15-min Trier Social Stress Test. Heart rate, blood pressure, salivary alpha-amylase, and plasma levels of epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine were assessed pre-stress, immediately post-stress, and 15 min and 45 min post-stress. RESULTS Physicians with burnout and controls differed in EPI changes over time, controlling for age, job stress and anxiety symptoms (F (3,147) = 5.18, p = .002 for 'Time by Group' interaction; η2p = .096). Burnout was associated with a smaller increase in EPI from pre-stress to immediately post-stress (r(54) = -.40, p = .004). The emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout was a significant driver of this effect. The area under the curve with respect to increase in EPI was also smaller in the burnout group (F (1,49) = 6.06, p = .017, η2p = .110). Group differences were not significant for the other SNS activity measures. CONCLUSIONS Burnout may be linked to dysfunction of the sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) system, when exposed to acute psychosocial stress. In keeping with the allostatic load concept, an insufficient SAM stress response in burnout could potentially contribute to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah A Holzgang
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinthujan Sivakumar
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiac Imaging, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diego Gomez Vieito
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Parker G. Mental health, psychological distress and burnout in Australian dental practitioners. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:160-170. [PMID: 37199455 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental practitioners are known to experience a high level of stress, but little is known about the mental health of Australian dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental health conditions among Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was carried out from October to December 2021. Participants reported aspects of mental health including depression, anxiety disorder, burnout (Sydney Burnout Measure) and psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and General Health Questionnaire 12). RESULTS Self-reported psychological distress was high, with 32.0% rated as having moderate or severe psychological distress and 59.4% a high likelihood of minor (or more severe) psychological distress. One in four participants (24.8%) were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout, with 25.9% reporting ever having a diagnosis of depression, 11.4% a current diagnosis of depression, 23.1% ever having a diagnosis of anxiety disorder and 12.9% a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners reported a high burden of psychological distress, burnout and mental health issues, suggesting a need for education and programmes to support their mental health and wellbeing. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Hopcraft MS, McGrath R, Stormon N, Tavella G, Parker G. Australian dental practitioners experience of burnout. J Public Health Dent 2023; 83:397-407. [PMID: 38018025 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with burnout in Australian dental practitioners. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 1483 Australian dental practitioners was conducted from Oct to Dec 2021. Participants reported burnout using the Sydney Burnout Measure, and aspects of mental health including psychological distress, depression, and anxiety disorders. Predictors of burnout were explored using a generalized linear model with a stepped approach including demographic, health and risk factor variables. RESULTS One in four participants were classified as likely to be experiencing burnout. Burnout was associated with working in a regional/rural location (β = 2.82, p < 0.001), an academic/non-clinical role (β = 5.01, p = 0.037), more years of experience as a dental practitioner (β = 0.08, p = 0.022), a current diagnosis of depression (β = 2.38, p = 0.049), moderate/severe psychological distress (β = 7.16, p < 0.001), poor self-rated physical health (β = 5.84, p < 0.001) and increasing alcohol consumption (β = 0.17, p = 0.020). Participants who scored high on resilience (β = -0.23, p = 0.002) or perfectionism (β = -0.24, p < 0.001) had lower burnout scores. CONCLUSION Australian dental practitioners appear to be at high risk of burnout which may impact on their health and wellbeing and ability to deliver patient care. There is a need for support services to manage burnout and education to address workplace and environmental factors that may contribute to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- eviDent Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R McGrath
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Stormon
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Community and Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Tavella
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Parker
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Peterson K, Mundo W, McGladrey L, Aagaard LM, Stalder S, Cook PF. Stress Impact and Care for COVID-19: Pilot Education and Support Course Decreases Burnout Among Nursing Students. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2023; 29:363-374. [PMID: 37534666 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231186997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and nursing students have been at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, often working in conditions that produce stress injuries and burnout. Early recognition and mitigation of stress and emotional trauma help prevent burnout. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of an online 8-hour stress awareness course and associated 1-hour support group in reducing stress and burnout among nursing students. METHODS We conducted a program evaluation for an online stress awareness pilot course offered to nursing students. The course, and associated support groups led by trained psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner students, included a common language for talking about stress, screening tools for recognizing stress injuries, and strategies for improving self-care. Students completed pre- and post-course surveys. Outcome measures included changes on course learning objectives, level of burnout, health-related locus of control, and experiences of stress and coping. RESULTS Nursing students (n = 360) enrolled in the course, and 224 (62%) completed pre- and post-course surveys. Sixty percent rated the course excellent or very good. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales and Impact of Event Scale Revised scores were within established normal ranges. There was a significant increase in all nine course learning objectives (p < .001) and decreased signs of stress (p < .001). Students' level of burnout decreased by odds ratio = 0.58 (95% CI: [0.4, 0.9], p < .006). CONCLUSIONS Nursing leaders can use psychoeducational strategies to mitigate the impact of stress, build confidence, and support nursing students entering the workforce during these unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Peterson
- Kerry Peterson, PhD, DNP, PMHCNS-BC, PMHNP-BC, FAANP, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William Mundo
- William Mundo, MD, MPH, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Laura McGladrey
- Laura McGladrey, PMHNP, FNP, FAWM, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurra M Aagaard
- Laurra M. Aagaard, MA, MS, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Stalder
- Sarah Stalder, MSN, PMHNP-BC, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul F Cook
- Paul F. Cook, PhD, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Gardner M, Hanno EC, Jones SM, Lesaux NK. Exploring early educator burnout and process quality in a statewide sample. J Sch Psychol 2023; 99:101214. [PMID: 37507181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Building on literature linking educators' psychosocial well-being to early education and care quality, this study analyzed early educators' (N = 648) reports of burnout across a range of group-based care types in one state and examined the relation of burnout to setting quality. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the burnout measure, a self-reported emotional exhaustion scale, had a one-factor structure and adequate internal consistency among educators working in a range of early education and care settings. Measured by the scale, educators on average reported infrequent feelings of burnout. There were small but statistically significant differences in burnout scores by setting type, with Head Start educators on average reporting modestly more frequent burnout symptoms than educators in community-based centers (β=0.29,b = 0.30, SE = 0.13, p = 0.014) or family childcare settings (β=0.57,b = 0.60, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). Only one significant association was observed between educators' self-reported burnout scores and setting quality after accounting for educator and setting characteristics: a negative association with child involvement (β = - 0.09,b = -0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.03). These findings contribute to the field's understanding of burnout as a component of educator well-being and provide initial insight about targeting supports to improve educator well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Gardner
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 14 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Emily C Hanno
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 14 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie M Jones
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 14 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nonie K Lesaux
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 14 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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17
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Kim SS, Gil M, Min EJ. Machine learning models for predicting depression in Korean young employees. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201054. [PMID: 37501944 PMCID: PMC10371256 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of depression among employees has gradually risen. Previous studies have focused on predicting the risk of depression, but most studies were conducted using basic statistical methods. This study used machine learning algorithms to build models that detect and identify the important factors associated with depression in the workplace. Methods A total of 503 employees completed an online survey that included questionnaires on general characteristics, physical health, job-related factors, psychosocial protective, and risk factors in the workplace. The dataset contained 27 predictor variables and one dependent variable which referred to the status of employees (normal or at the risk of depression). The prediction accuracy of three machine learning models using sparse logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest was compared with the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Additionally, the important factors identified via sparse logistic regression and random forest. Results All machine learning models demonstrated similar results, with the lowest accuracy obtained from sparse logistic regression and support vector machine (86.8%) and the highest accuracy from random forest (88.7%). The important factors identified in this study were gender, physical health, job, psychosocial protective factors, and psychosocial risk and protective factors in the workplace. Discussion The results of this study indicated the potential of machine learning models to accurately predict the risk of depression among employees. The identified factors that influence the risk of depression can contribute to the development of intelligent mental healthcare systems that can detect early signs of depressive symptoms in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Gil
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Min
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Claeson AS, Edvardsson B, Liljelind I. Stress and Sleep in Relation to Severity of Building Related Symptoms. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:541-545. [PMID: 36952319 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates different aspects of stress and sleep in medically examined individuals with varying severity of building-related symptoms (BRS). METHODS Three questionnaires were used to assess acute and long-term stress and sleep (Perceived Stress Scale; Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, and Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire). RESULTS Individuals with BRS, regardless of severity, did not differ in level of perceived stress (indicator of short-term stress). The indicators of long-term stress differed between the groups where an increased severity was associated with higher levels of burnout and sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests an association between symptom severity and measures of long-term stress and sleep quality. This has implications for the treatment of persons affected by BRS, because not only the environment needs to be treated, but also the concurrent signs of distress, such as burnout or sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sara Claeson
- From the Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (A.C); and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (B.E., I.L.)
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Alaminos-Torres A, Martínez-Álvarez JR, Martínez-Lorca M, López-Ejeda N, Marrodán Serrano MD. Fatigue, Work Overload, and Sleepiness in a Sample of Spanish Commercial Airline Pilots. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040300. [PMID: 37102814 PMCID: PMC10135893 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial aviation pilots are an occupational group that work in particular conditions, with frequent schedule changes, shift work, unfavorable environmental conditions, etc. These circumstances can lead to fatigue, work overload (WO), and daytime sleepiness, factors that can affect their health and safety. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the association between these parameters in a sample of Spanish commercial airline pilots. The Raw TLX, Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires were administered in a sample of 283 participants. The relationships of the total scores between all the questionnaires were studied by the chi-square test and the risk scores (odds ratio) were calculated. Different models using multiple linear regression were carried out to evaluate the effects of WO, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness, among the total scores, age, and flight hours. Additionally, the internal consistency of each questionnaire was estimated. A total of 28.2% presented WO above the 75th percentile, with mental and temporal demand the dimensions with the greatest weight. A total of 18% of pilots presented fatigue, 15.8% moderate sleepiness, and 3.9% severe sleepiness. We observed an association among WO, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness, important factors related to pilot health and aviation safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alaminos-Torres
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- EPINUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Román Martínez-Álvarez
- EPINUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Society of Dietetics and Food Sciences, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28224 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Martínez-Lorca
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Noemí López-Ejeda
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- EPINUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Marrodán Serrano
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- EPINUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Coelho J, Taillard J, Bernard A, Lopez R, Fond G, Boyer L, Lucas G, Alla F, Buysse DJ, Wallace ML, Verdun-Esquer C, Geoffroy PA, d’Incau E, Philip P, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Emotional Exhaustion, a Proxy for Burnout, Is Associated with Sleep Health in French Healthcare Workers without Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1895. [PMID: 36902682 PMCID: PMC10004252 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout is frequent among healthcare workers, and sleep problems are suspected risk factors. The sleep health framework provides a new approach to the promotion of sleep as a health benefit. The aim of this study was to assess good sleep health in a large sample of healthcare workers and to investigate its relationship with the absence of burnout among healthcare workers while considering anxiety and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional Internet-based survey of French healthcare workers was conducted in summer 2020, at the end of the first COVID-19 lockdown in France (March to May 2020). Sleep health was assessed using the RU-SATED v2.0 scale (RegUlarity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, Duration). Emotional exhaustion was used as a proxy for overall burnout. Of 1069 participating French healthcare workers, 474 (44.3%) reported good sleep health (RU-SATED > 8) and 143 (13.4%) reported emotional exhaustion. Males and nurses had a lower likelihood of emotional exhaustion than females and physicians, respectively. Good sleep health was associated with a 2.5-fold lower likelihood of emotional exhaustion and associations persisted among healthcare workers without significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the preventive role of sleep health promotion in terms of the reduction in burnout risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Coelho
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Taillard
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Adèle Bernard
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Régis Lopez
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Disorders Center, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 27, Boulevard Jean -Moulin, F-13000 Marseille, France
- Fondation FondaMental, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 27, Boulevard Jean -Moulin, F-13000 Marseille, France
- Fondation FondaMental, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, 27, Boulevard Jean -Moulin, F-13000 Marseille, France
| | - François Alla
- Pôle de Santé Publique, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel J. Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Meredith L. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et D’addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat—Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
- GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, 1 Rue Cabanis, F-75014 Paris, France
- Inserm, FHU I2-D2, Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel d’Incau
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- SANPSY, UMR 6033, CNRS, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Service Universitaire de Médecine du Sommeil, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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21
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Izdebski Z, Kozakiewicz A, Białorudzki M, Dec-Pietrowska J, Mazur J. Occupational Burnout in Healthcare Workers, Stress and Other Symptoms of Work Overload during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2428. [PMID: 36767797 PMCID: PMC9916221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the level and selected determinants of burnout among five groups of healthcare workers (physicians, nurses, paramedics, other medical and nonmedical staff) working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022, with the use of a self-administered mostly online survey. The BAT-12 scale was used to measure burnout, and the PSS-4 scale was used to measure stress. The sample was limited to 2196 individuals who worked with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of multivariate logistic regression models with three to nine predictors was estimated. The prevalence of burnout ranged from 27.7% in other nonmedical staff to 36.5% in nurses. Adjusting for age and gender, both physicians (p = 0.011) and nurses (p < 0.001) were at higher risk of burnout. In the final model, elevated stress most likely increased the risk of burnout (OR = 3.88; 95%CI <3.13-3.81>; p < 0,001). Other significant predictors of burnout included traumatic work-related experience (OR =1.91, p < 0.001), mobbing (OR = 1.83, p < 0.001) and higher workload than before the pandemic (OR = 1.41, p = 0.002). Only 7% of the respondents decided to use various forms of psychological support during the pandemic. The presented research can contribute to the effective planning and implementation of measures in the face of crisis when the workload continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Izdebski
- Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, Warsaw University, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Alicja Kozakiewicz
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maciej Białorudzki
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Dec-Pietrowska
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization of Health Care and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
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22
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Chen Y, Juvinao-Quintero D, Velez JC, Muñoz S, Castillo J, Gelaye B. Personal and Work-Related Burnout Is Associated with Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Hypertension among Working Adults in Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1899. [PMID: 36767266 PMCID: PMC9915288 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at investigating the association of personal and work-related burnout with blood pressure and hypertension among working adults in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 1872 working adults attending the Hospital del Trabajador in Santiago, Chile, between September 2015 and February 2018. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to assess personal and work-related burnout. Blood pressure was measured by medical practitioners. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of burnout status with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, participants with both types of burnout had a 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02-3.30) mmHg higher mean DBP than those without burnout. The odds of isolated diastolic hypertension among the participants with only personal burnout and both types of burnout were 2.00-fold (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.21-3.31) and 2.08-fold (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.15-3.78) higher than those without burnout. The odds of combined systolic/diastolic hypertension among the participants with only work-related burnout increased by 59% (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01-2.50) compared with those without burnout. Both work-related and personal burnouts were associated with increased DBP and odds of diastolic hypertension among working adults in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxian Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diana Juvinao-Quintero
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Velez
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital del Trabajador, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Sebastian Muñoz
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital del Trabajador, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Jessica Castillo
- Departamento de Rehabilitación, Hospital del Trabajador, Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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23
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Benitez M, Orgambídez A, Cantero-Sánchez FJ, León-Pérez JM. Harmonious Passion at Work: Personal Resource for Coping with the Negative Relationship between Burnout and Intrinsic Job Satisfaction in Service Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1010. [PMID: 36673766 PMCID: PMC9859307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research about harmonious passion as a personal resource that can have a protective effect in situations of stress and burnout is scarce but growing. Considering the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the present study aims to address the above gaps by exploring the moderating role of harmonious passion at work in the relationship between burnout (physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and emotional exhaustion) and intrinsic job satisfaction. The study sample consisted of 748 workers from service organizations (front-line employees) in southern Spain (Mage = 35.51, SD = 10.06, 52% women). Using statistical program R (R Core Team, 2022), the results of the regression models showed the moderating role of harmonious passion on the negative relationships between physical fatigue and intrinsic job satisfaction. In particular, at high levels of physical fatigue, employees with high scores on harmonious passion at work presented higher levels of intrinsic satisfaction compared with employees with low passion at work. That is, although service employees have high levels of physical fatigue, when they are passionate, they still possess satisfaction with their work. Therefore, our findings extend the JD-R theory by considering harmonious passion as a motivational resource that reduce feelings of burnout in service employees. Hence, it shows the importance of promoting the autonomous internalization of work, (through, i.e., job enrichment), which allows the development of harmonious passion at work and, therefore, increasing intrinsic job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Benitez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Orgambídez
- Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jose M. León-Pérez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
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24
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Sørengaard TA, Langvik E. The Protective Effect of Fair and Supportive Leadership against Burnout in Police Employees. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:475-481. [PMID: 36579018 PMCID: PMC9772481 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the association between fair and supportive leadership and symptoms of burnout and insomnia in police employees. Burnout and insomnia can have negative consequences for health, performance, and safety among employees in the police profession, and risk and protective factors should be thoroughly investigated. Methods Data were collected in a police district in Norway through questionnaires administered in October 2018 and May 2019. The sample consisted of 206 police employees (52% males), with an average age of 42 years and 16 years of experience in the police occupation. Results The results showed that a high degree of fair and supportive leadership was associated with lower levels of burnout and insomnia six months later. Fair and supportive leadership explained a greater amount of variance in burnout compared to insomnia. This finding indicates that fair and supportive leadership is a more important buffer factor against burnout than it is against insomnia. Stress was positively associated with burnout and insomnia, whereas quantitative job demands had no significant association with the concepts. Conclusion Fair and supportive leadership can help protect employees from adverse consequences of stress and contribute to improved occupational health, whereas a low degree of support and fair treatment from leaders can both represent a stressor by itself and contribute to poorer coping of stressful events at work. The important role of leadership should be incorporated in measures aimed at preventing and reducing burnout and sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Langvik
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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25
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Thomas ND, Montgomery SC, Behers B, Reyes E, Ledermann T, Grzywacz JG. Work-family enrichment: A potential buffer of inflammation among black adults? Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100517. [PMID: 36164462 PMCID: PMC9508348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a known role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States and a condition that disproportionately affects Blacks. Although social stressors are frequently studied, the role of positive experiences in inflammation and its potential for CVD remains understudied. To address this gap, we examined the relationship between work family enrichment and inflammation in a population-based sample of working adults. Methods Participants were 447 working adults from Refresher Cohort of the National Study of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) and the oversample of Blacks from the Milwaukee, WI. Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6/sIL-6r; CPR; Fibrinogen) were obtained via blood draw. Family-to-work enrichment (FtoWE) and work-to-family enrichment (WtoFE) were each assessed with four established survey questions. Results Blacks had higher concentrations of IL-6, CRP and Fibrinogen, and lower levels of sIL-6r than whites. A significant inverse relationship was observed between WtoFE and systemic inflammation as well as WtoFE and serum IL-6 concentration. Conclusions Individuals who perceived a stronger enhancing effect from work onto family showed lower levels of systemic inflammation and decreased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6; highlighting the potential work-family enrichment or other positive experiences may have in buffering the negative cardiovascular effects of inflammation. However, variation between racial groups remain undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Reyes
- Florida State University College of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ledermann
- Florida State University College of Health and Human Sciences, FL, USA
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26
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Higher allostatic load in work-related burnout: The Regensburg Burnout Project. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105853. [PMID: 35792379 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and chronic work stress have been linked to various negative health outcomes. While the mechanisms underlying this interplay are still unclear, the allostatic load (AL) model was suggested to demonstrate a possible biological pathway. However, previous studies provided divergent results regarding the association between burnout and AL, probably also due to the heterogeneity of selected samples. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine differences in AL between a conceptually strictly specified group of individuals suffering from burnout (BO group) and a healthy comparison group (HC group). METHODS After a multi-stage recruitment procedure with strict inclusion criteria based on burnout symptomatology and pathogenesis, the BO group (n = 56) was compared to the HC group (n = 65) regarding an index of AL. The AL-index included 14 parameters: high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, d-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage. RESULTS The BO group showed significantly higher AL-scores in comparison to the HC group. This effect remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Additionally, burnout symptoms (assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory; MBI), MBI-subscales emotional exhaustion and depersonalization as well as chronic work stress (assessed with the effort-reward imbalance questionnaire) were significantly associated with higher AL-scores. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with our hypothesis, we detected higher AL-scores in the BO compared to the HC group, indicating a greater cumulative physiological burden in individuals suffering from burnout. Given the high heterogeneity in individuals experiencing burnout symptoms, future studies may focus on well-specified subgroups, when examining the association between burnout and psychophysiological dysregulations.
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27
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Zadro S, Stapleton P. Does Reiki Benefit Mental Health Symptoms Above Placebo? Front Psychol 2022; 13:897312. [PMID: 35911042 PMCID: PMC9326483 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reiki is an energy healing technique or biofield therapy in which an attuned therapist places their hands on or near the client's body and sends energy to the client to activate the body's ability to heal itself and restore balance. It was developed in Japan at the end of the 19th century by Mikao Usui of Kyoto. Given the enormous international socioeconomic burden of mental health, inexpensive, safe, and evidenced-based treatments would be welcomed. Reiki is safe, inexpensive, and preliminary research suggests it may assist in treating a wide variety of illnesses. Given that Reiki is a biofield therapy, growing in use, and not yet accepted by the dominant biomedical paradigm, it is important to establish its effectiveness over placebo. This study aimed to examine Reiki's effectiveness over placebo in treating symptoms of mental health and to explore parameters for its effectiveness. Method A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RPCTs) examining Reiki's effectiveness in treating symptoms of mental health in adults was conducted through a systematic search of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's Revised ROB 2 assessment tool. This was followed by a grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) assessment. Results The evidence to date suggests that Reiki consistently demonstrates a greater therapeutic effect over placebo for some symptoms of mental health. The GRADE level of evidence is high for clinically relevant levels of stress and depression, moderate to high for clinically relevant levels of anxiety, low to moderate for normal levels of stress, and low to moderate for burnout, and low for normal levels of depression and anxiety. Conclusion The results suggest that, Reiki may be more effective in treating some areas of mental health, than placebo, particularly if symptoms are clinically relevant. To date, there are a small number of studies in each area, therefore findings are inconclusive and, more RCTs controlling for placebo in Reiki research are needed. Most included studies were also assessed as having a risk of bias of some concern. Incorporating Reiki as a complementary treatment to mainstream psychotherapy for depression, stress, and anxiety may be appropriate. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/], identifier [CRD42020194311].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zadro
- School of Psychology, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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28
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Moretti Anfossi C, Ahumada Muñoz M, Tobar Fredes C, Pérez Rojas F, Ross J, Head J, Britton A. Work Exposures and Development of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:698-713. [PMID: 35237787 PMCID: PMC9250287 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death, and there is evidence that work exposures could be associated with their development. This study aimed to systematically review observational studies of adults exposed to job strain, effort-reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise, and assess the association of those work exposures with CVDs. METHODS The Navigation Guide framework was applied. The population were adults of working age (18-65), and cohort and case-control studies were included. The work exposures were job strain, effort-reward imbalance, long working hours, job insecurity, shift work, and occupational noise. The outcomes were cerebrovascular diseases, ischaemic heart disease, and hypertensive diseases. The selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently and disagreements were solved by a third reviewer or by consensus. The synthesis of the results was done by applying the 'vote counting based on direction' method, and the results were summarized in an effect direction plot. The strength of the evidence for every risk factor and CVD was defined by consensus. RESULTS A total of 17 643 papers were initially identified in the literature search, but after applying the filters by title and abstract, and full text, 86 studies were finally included. From the included studies, sufficient evidence was found of the harmfulness of job strain for cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, there was sufficient evidence of the harmfulness of shift work for ischemic heart disease. Evidence of no relationship was found between long working hours and shift work with ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive disease, respectively. The other associations of work exposures and CVDs had limited or inadequate evidence of harmfulness. CONCLUSIONS In this comprehensive review, there was sufficient evidence of a harmful relationship between job strain, shift work, and CVDs. For the other work exposures, more high-quality studies are needed. In order to improve current prevention strategies for CVDs, the findings of this review imply that job strain and shift work are work exposures that constitute additional risk factors that could be approached as targets for worksite interventions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020179972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moretti Anfossi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | | | - Christian Tobar Fredes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Campus Los Leones, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jamie Ross
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Annie Britton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
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Kang S, Waters AJ, Bryan CJ. Association between burnout and insomnia in U.S. Air Force Pararescue personnel: A cross-sectional study. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 35:1-11. [PMID: 37130558 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2058301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have examined burnout and its impact on health, to include its influence on sleep. While many studies report a significant relationship between burnout and insomnia in civilian populations, no studies have examined this relationship in a military population. The United States Air Force (USAF) Pararescue personnel are an elite combat force who are specially trained to conduct both first-line combat and full spectrum personnel recovery and may be at high risk of burnout and insomnia. The current study investigated the association between dimensions of burnout and insomnia, and also examined potential moderators of the associations. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 203 Pararescue personnel (Mean Age = 32.1 years; 100% Male; 90.1% Caucasian) recruited from six US bases. The survey included measures of three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal achievement), insomnia, psychological flexibility, and social support. Emotional exhaustion was significantly associated with insomnia with a moderate to large effect size, when controlling for covariates. Depersonalization, but not personal achievement, was also significantly associated with insomnia. There was no evidence that associations between burnout and insomnia were moderated by psychological flexibility or social support. These findings help to identify individuals at risk of insomnia and may ultimately be useful in developing interventions for insomnia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowan Kang
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Waters
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J. Bryan
- Ohio State College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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30
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Torres-Vences IN, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Mayoral M, Pérez-Campos EL, Martínez-Cruz M, Torres-Bravo I, Alpuche J. Burnout Syndrome and Related Factors in Mexican Police Workforces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5537. [PMID: 35564932 PMCID: PMC9102065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burnout (BO) is a response to prolonged exposure to work-related stressors characterized by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). The police working environment includes continued critical life-threatening situations, violence, and injuries, among other related factors putting them at high risk of distress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between Burnout Syndrome and sociodemographic, occupational, and health factors in Mexican police officers. We applied the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) to 351 active members of the Mexican police workforce. In addition, a specific questionnaire identified the presence of chronic degenerative diseases, hypertension, diabetes, digestive diseases, self-perception of food quality, and hours of sleep. Furthermore, 23.36% of police workforces presented high levels of burnout; 44.16% of police were highly emotionally exhausted, 49.29% had lost empathy with people, and 41.03% presented low personal achievement. Moreover, the worst levels of the syndrome were present in people with a poor self-perceived health status, poor perception of diet quality, without regular mealtimes, bad sleep habits, and elevated Body Mass Index. Data suggest that in Mexican police officers, BO is dimensionally different from all other groups previously studied (DP > EE > PA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene N. Torres-Vences
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Desarrollo Regional y Tecnológico, Tecnológico Nacional de México, IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.M.); or (E.L.P.-C.)
| | - Miguel Mayoral
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.M.); or (E.L.P.-C.)
| | - Eduardo Lorenzo Pérez-Campos
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.M.); or (E.L.P.-C.)
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, IT Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68030, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Juan Alpuche
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (M.M.); or (E.L.P.-C.)
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Wei H, Aucoin J, Kuntapay GR, Justice A, Jones A, Zhang C, Santos HP, Hall LA. The prevalence of nurse burnout and its association with telomere length pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263603. [PMID: 35294438 PMCID: PMC8926201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burnout is a work-related stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Nurse burnout is related to nurses’ deteriorating mental health and poorer patient care quality and thus, is a significant concern in healthcare. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the world and distressed the healthcare systems. Because of the body’s stress mechanism, it is vital to examine the current prevalence of nurse burnout and understand it at a biological level, using an epigenetic biomarker, telomere length. Purpose To determine the prevalence of burnout among nurses in the Peri-Operative and Labor & Delivery settings pre and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine the effects of burnout on absolute telomere length. Methods This is a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of nurses’ burnout and the relationships between nurses’ burnout and telomere length. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we had to stop the study during the mid of data collection. Even though the study was not designed to capture changes before and during the pandemic, we analyzed two groups’ data before and during the pandemic. The study took place in a US hospital. Nurses in the hospital’s Operating Room, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, and Labor & Delivery Unit participated in the study. Maslach Burnout Inventory survey and nurses’ demographics were administered online. Telomere length was measured via finger-prick blood. Results 146 nurses participated in the study, with 120 participants’ blood samples collected. The high-level burnout rate was 70.5%. Correlation analysis did not reveal a direct correlation between nurse burnout and telomere length. However, in a multiple regression analysis, the final model contained the burnout subscale of emotional exhaustion, years as an RN, and work unit’s nursing care quality. There was a low degree of departure from normality of the mean absolute telomere length in the pre-pandemic group and a substantial degree of departure in the during-pandemic group. Conclusions Nurse burnout is a prevalent phenomenon in healthcare, and this study indicates that nurses currently experience high levels of burnout. Nurses’ cellular biomarker, telomere length, is shorter in the group of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Appropriate measures should be implemented to decrease nurses’ burnout symptoms and improve nurses’ psychological and physical health. Nurses, especially those younger than 60, report higher burnout symptoms, particularly emotional exhaustion. This study indicates the need for intervention to promote nurses’ health during the pandemic and beyond. If not appropriately managed, nurse burnout may continue to be a significant issue facing the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wei
- University of Louisville School of Nursing, Louisville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Aucoin
- University of North Carolina REX Healthcare, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Amber Justice
- University of North Carolina REX Healthcare, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Abigail Jones
- Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Chongben Zhang
- Biobehavioral Lab, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Hudson P. Santos
- Biobehavioral Laboratory and Health Resilience & Omics Science (HEROS) Hub, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lynne A. Hall
- University of Louisville School of Nursing, Louisville, KY, United States of America
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Nadon L, De Beer LT, Morin AJS. Should Burnout Be Conceptualized as a Mental Disorder? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12030082. [PMID: 35323401 PMCID: PMC8945132 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout is generally acknowledged by researchers, clinicians, and the public as a pervasive occupational difficulty. Despite this widespread recognition, longstanding debates remain within the scientific community regarding its definition and the appropriateness of classifying burnout as its own pathological entity. The current review seeks to address whether burnout should (or could) be characterized as a distinctive mental disorder to shed light on this debate. After briefly reviewing the history, theoretical underpinnings, and measurement of burnout, we more systematically consider the current evidence for and against its classification as a mental disorder within existing diagnostic systems. Stemming from a lack of conceptual clarity, the current state of burnout research remains, unfortunately, largely circular and riddled with measurement issues. As a result, information regarding the unique biopsychosocial etiology, diagnostic features, differential diagnostic criteria, and prevalence rates of burnout are still lacking. Therefore, we conclude that it would be inappropriate, if not premature, to introduce burnout as a distinct mental disorder within any existing diagnostic classification system. We argue, however, that it would be equally premature to discard burnout as a psychologically relevant phenomenon and that current evidence does support its relevance as an important occupational syndrome. We finally offer several avenues for future research, calling for cross-national collaboration to clarify conceptual and measurement issues while avoiding the reification of outdated definitions. In doing so, we hope that it one day becomes possible to more systematically re-assess the relevance of burnout as a distinctive diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Nadon
- Substantive Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (L.N.); (A.J.S.M.)
| | - Leon T. De Beer
- WorkWell Research Unit, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandre J. S. Morin
- Substantive Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (L.N.); (A.J.S.M.)
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Abstract
In order to survive and thrive, organisms must adapt to constantly changing environmental pressures. When there are significant shifts in the environment, the brain and body engage a set of physiological and behavioral countermeasures collectively known as the "stress response". These responses, which include changes at the cellular, systems, and organismal level, are geared toward protecting homeostasis and adapting physiological operating parameters so as to enable the organism to overcome short-term challenges. It is the shift of these well-organized acute responses to dysregulated chronic responses that leads to pathologies. In a sense, the protective measures become destructive, causing the myriad health problems that are associated with chronic stress. To further complicate the situation, these challenges need not be purely physical in nature. Indeed, psychosocial stressors such as ruminating about challenges at work, resource insecurity, and unstable social environments can engage the very same emergency threat systems and eventually lead to the same types of pathologies that sometimes are described as "burnout" in humans. This short review focuses on very recent empirical work exploring the effects of chronic stress on key brain circuits, metabolism and metabolic function, and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Roberts
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ilia N Karatsoreos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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Pérez-Luño A, Díez Piñol M, Dolan SL. Exploring High vs. Low Burnout amongst Public Sector Educators: COVID-19 Antecedents and Profiles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:780. [PMID: 35055602 PMCID: PMC8776078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a prolonged impact on many people working in different sectors. This paper focuses on the psychological stress consequences of professionals working in the educational sector in Andalucía (Spain). Using a sample of 340 educators, this empirical paper identifies the antecedents and profiles of those that ended up with burnout vs. those that were able to develop resilience. Results from OLS regressions show that regardless of the origins of stress, the principal determinant of burnout is clearly a lack of support and a perception of an inability to control a situation. Furthermore, results also show that working sources have a higher impact on the configuration of high burnout, while family sources harm those who are more resilient (low burnout).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pérez-Luño
- Business Administration Department, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 13, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Simon L Dolan
- Global Future of Work Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
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Gavelin HM, Domellöf ME, Åström E, Nelson A, Launder NH, Neely AS, Lampit A. Cognitive function in clinical burnout: A systematic review and meta-analysis. WORK AND STRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2021.2002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andreas Nelson
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Nathalie H. Launder
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Social Sciences, Technology and Arts, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Health, Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Amit Lampit
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE As burnout has been neglected in medical and psychiatric education, we seek to provide a summary overview. METHODS We extract salient findings from the published literature and offer some challenges. RESULTS We critique the current principal model of burnout, argue for broadening the symptom constructs and for a diathesis-stress model where a perfectionistic personality style is a key predisposing factor, and observe that burnout is not limited by those in formal work. We argue that burnout is not synonymous with depression, overview biological underpinnings, and summarise a three-fold management model. CONCLUSION As many burnout patients are referred to psychiatrists, awareness of its symptom pattern and management nuances is of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Autralia.,School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Gabriela Tavella
- School of Psychiatry University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
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Spiller TR, Weilenmann S, Prakash K, Schnyder U, von Känel R, Pfaltz MC. Emotion network density in burnout. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:170. [PMID: 34717770 PMCID: PMC8556828 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care workers are often affected by burnout, resulting in reduced personal well-being and professional functioning. Although emotional exhaustion is considered a core component of burnout, little is known about the dynamics of emotions and their relation to burnout. We used network analysis to investigate the correlation between the density of a negative emotion network, a marker for emotional rigidity in person-specific networks, and burnout severity. Methods Using an ecological momentary assessment design, the intensity of negative emotions of forty-three health care workers and medical students was assessed five times per day (between 6 am and 8 pm) for 17 days. Burnout symptoms were assessed at the end of the study period with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multilevel vector autoregressive models were computed to calculate network density of subject-specific temporal networks. The one-sided correlation between network density and burnout severity was assessed. The study protocol and analytic plan were registered prior to the data collection. Results We found a medium-sized correlation between the negative emotion network density and burnout severity at the end of the study period r(45) = .32, 95% CI = .09–1.0, p = .014). Conclusions The strength of the temporal interplay of negative emotions is associated with burnout, highlighting the importance of emotions and emotional exhaustion in reaction to occupational-related distress in health care workers. Moreover, our findings align with previous investigations of emotion network density and impaired psychological functioning, demonstrating the utility of conceptualizing the dynamics of emotions as a network. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00670-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R Spiller
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Weilenmann
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Krithika Prakash
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | | | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique C Pfaltz
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Culmannstrasse 8, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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The physical activity paradox: a longitudinal study of the implications for burnout. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:965-979. [PMID: 34611746 PMCID: PMC9203402 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigates the independent and interactive associations of physical job demands and three types of off-job physical activity (during transportation, household, and recreation) with burnout. We use a recently proposed new conceptualization and assessment of burnout including core and secondary burnout symptoms. We predicted that physical job demands would be positively and the three types of off-job physical activity would be negatively related to burnout. Further, we hypothesized that the negative relations between the three types of off-job physical activity and burnout would be stronger for employees with low (vs. high) physical job demands. Methods To test our hypotheses, we conducted a two-wave survey study among a heterogeneous sample of full-time workers (N = 355), using a longitudinal design with a half-year time lag. We tested cross-sectional, prospective and longitudinal relations. Results Hierarchical regression analyses partly confirmed our predictions. Cross-sectionally and prospectively, it was shown that physical job demands were positively related to burnout symptoms. In addition, off-job physical activity was negatively related to primary and secondary burnout symptoms among employees with low physical job demands and positively related to burnout symptoms among employees with high physical job demands. However, these relationships disappeared when investigated longitudinally. Conclusion Together, these findings suggest that not all off-job physical activities can prevent burnout, and that potential positive effects of physical activity during off-job time may depend on employees’ physical activity level at work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01759-y.
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Vinueza-Solórzano AM, Portalanza-Chavarría CA, de Freitas CPP, Schaufeli WB, De Witte H, Hutz CS, Souza Vazquez AC. The Ecuadorian Version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): Adaptation and Validation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137121. [PMID: 34281059 PMCID: PMC8296995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to adapt and show evidence of validity for the Ecuadorian version of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) considering only its "core" dimensions. The adaptation process included its translation and back translation. For content validation, expert reviews and focus groups were carried out. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed through the alpha, omega and composite reliability indices. To carry out the study, the questionnaire was applied to a sample of workers with a high level of education in Ecuador. In total, 2237 respondents were considered in the analysis. The results showed that the hierarchical model for BAT-23 and its short version, the BAT-12 scale, is the most adequate structure for analysis of the construct in the Ecuadorian context. The reliability of the general factor of burnout and its dimensions, evaluated by composite reliability, omega and Cronbach's alpha, showed satisfactory indices. The findings obtained provide support for the reliability and validity of the Burnout Assessment Tool for the Ecuadorian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Vinueza-Solórzano
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.V.-S.); (A.C.S.V.)
| | | | - Clarissa P. P. de Freitas
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Wilmar B. Schaufeli
- Research Group Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, FPPW, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (W.B.S.); (H.D.W.)
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans De Witte
- Research Group Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, FPPW, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (W.B.S.); (H.D.W.)
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
| | - Claudio S. Hutz
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, RS, Brazil;
| | - Ana Claudia Souza Vazquez
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.M.V.-S.); (A.C.S.V.)
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