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Chen X, Ren Y, Zheng T, Cheng H, Shen Y, Liu Y, Ke M. The effect of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5) on meibomian gland. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109956. [PMID: 38849003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matters in air pollution of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) was associated with loss of meibomian glands. The aim of this study was to verify that PM2.5 could directly impact meibomian gland epithelial cells and damage their function. To investigate the impact of PM2.5 on meibomian gland, immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations of PM2.5in vitro. Meibomian gland cell microstructure, cell viability, expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and IL-1β, and intracellular accumulation of acidic vesicles were measured by transmission electron microscopy, cell counting, Western blot and LysoTracker staining, respectively. To further study the effect of PM2.5in vivo, male C57BL/6J mice were treated with 5 mg/ml PM2.5 or vehicle for 3 months. Corneal fluorescein staining and ocular examinations were done before and after the treatment. Eyelids tissues were processed for morphological studies, immunostaining and Oil Red O staining. Our data suggest that exposure to PM2.5 caused significant meibomian gland dropout, clogged gland orifice and increased corneal fluorescein staining that were consistent with the clinical presentations of meibomian gland dysfunction. Prominent changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of meibomian glands was observed with PM2.5 treatment. PM2.5 promoted ductal keratinization, inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and increased Interleukin-1β production in meibomian gland epithelial cells. This study may explain the association between PM2.5 exposure and meibomian gland dropout observed in clinic. PM2.5 resuspension instillation could be used to induce a meibomian gland dysfunction animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyao Ren
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Zheng
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Shen
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Min Ke
- Ophthalmology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Somayajulu M, Muhammed FS, Wright R, McClellan SA, Hazlett LD. Mechanisms of PM 10 Disruption of the Nrf2 Pathway in Cornea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3754. [PMID: 38612568 PMCID: PMC11011424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that PM10 exposure causes oxidative stress and reduces Nrf2 protein levels, and SKQ1 pre-treatment protects against this damage in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-2). The current study focuses on uncovering the mechanisms underlying acute PM10 toxicity and SKQ1-mediated protection. HCE-2 were pre-treated with SKQ1 and then exposed to 100 μg/mL PM10. Cell viability, oxidative stress markers, programmed cell death, DNA damage, senescence markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Nrf2 cellular location and its transcriptional activity were determined. Effects of the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 were similarly evaluated. Data showed that PM10 decreased cell viability, Nrf2 transcriptional activity, and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, but increased p-PI3K, p-NFκB, COX-2, and iNOS proteins levels. Additionally, PM10 exposure significantly increased DNA damage, phosphor-p53, p16 and p21 protein levels, and β-galactosidase (β-gal) staining, which confirmed the senescence. SKQ1 pre-treatment reversed these effects. ML385 lowered the Nrf2 protein levels and mRNA levels of its downstream targets. ML385 also abrogated the protective effects of SKQ1 against PM10 toxicity by preventing the restoration of cell viability and reduced oxidative stress. In conclusion, PM10 induces inflammation, reduces Nrf2 transcriptional activity, and causes DNA damage, leading to a senescence-like phenotype, which is prevented by SKQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linda D. Hazlett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.S.); (F.S.M.); (R.W.); (S.A.M.)
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Upaphong P, Thonusin C, Wanichthanaolan O, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Consequences of exposure to particulate matter on the ocular surface: Mechanistic insights from cellular mechanisms to epidemiological findings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123488. [PMID: 38311159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants, especially in the case of particulate matter (PM), poses significant health risks throughout the body. The ocular surface is directly exposed to atmospheric PM making it challenging to avoid. This constant exposure makes the ocular surface a valuable model for investigating the impact of air pollutants on the eyes. This comprehensive review assembles evidence from across the spectrum, from in vitro and in vivo investigations to clinical studies and epidemiological studies, offering a thorough understanding of how PM10 and PM2.5 affect the health of the ocular surface. PM has been primarily found to induce inflammatory responses, allergic reactions, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of ocular surface cells. In toto these effects ultimately lead to impaired wound healing and ocular surface damage. In addition, PM can alter tear composition. These events contribute to ocular diseases such as dry eye disease, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, limbal stem cell deficiency and pterygium. Importantly, preexisting ocular conditions such as dry eye, allergic conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis can be worsened by PM exposure. Adaptive responses may partially alleviate the mentioned insults, resulting in morphological and physiological changes that could be different between periods of short-term and long-term exposure. Particle size is not the only determinant of the ocular effect of PM, the composition and solubility of PM also play critical roles. Increasing awareness of how PM affects the ocular surface is crucial in the field of public health, and mechanistic insights of these adverse effects may provide guidelines for preventive and therapeutic strategies in dealing with a polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phit Upaphong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Mokrzyński K, Krzysztyńska-Kuleta O, Wojtala M, Wnuk D, Sarna M, Sarna T. Can l-ascorbic acid and trans-resveratrol protect HaCaT cells from fine particulate matter toxicity? Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:172-189. [PMID: 37365883 DOI: 10.1111/php.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure of human skin to air pollution can result in a range of undesirable skin conditions. In our recent study, UV and visible light were found to increase cytotoxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) against human keratinocytes. Since it is impossible to avoid exposure of human skin to PM2.5 , effective strategies are needed to reduce their damaging effects. l-ascorbic acid and resveratrol were tested as potential topical agents against pollution-related skin impairment. Although these agents were previously found to ameliorate PM-dependent damage, the effect of light and seasonal variation of particles were not previously studied. EPR spin-trapping, DPPH assay, and singlet oxygen phosphorescence were used to determine the scavenging activities of the antioxidants. MTT, JC-10 and iodometric assays were used to analyze the effect on PM2.5 -induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and oxidation of lipids. Live-cell imaging was employed to examine wound-healing properties of cells. Light-induced, PM2.5 -mediated oxidative damage was examined by immunofluorescent staining. Both antioxidants effectively scavenged free radicals and singlet oxygen produced by PM2.5 , reduced cell death and prevented oxidative damage to HaCaT cells. l-ascorbic acid and resveratrol, especially when applied in combination, can protect HaCaT cells against the dark and light induced toxicity of PM2.5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Mokrzyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wojtala
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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5
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Mussalo L, Avesani S, Shahbaz MA, Závodná T, Saveleva L, Järvinen A, Lampinen R, Belaya I, Krejčík Z, Ivanova M, Hakkarainen H, Kalapudas J, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Koivisto AM, Malm T, Topinka J, Giugno R, Aakko-Saksa P, Chew S, Rönkkö T, Jalava P, Kanninen KM. Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167038. [PMID: 37709087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 μm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 μm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mussalo
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simone Avesani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Järvinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irina Belaya
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zdeněk Krejčík
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Kalapudas
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sweelin Chew
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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6
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Gu Y, Sheng F, Gao M, Zhang L, Hao S, Chen S, Chen R, Xu Y, Wu D, Han Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Lu B, Zhao W, Lou X, Chen Z, Li P, Wang X, Yao K, Fu Q. Acute and continuous exposure of airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5): diverse outer blood-retinal barrier damages and disease susceptibilities. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:50. [PMID: 38110941 PMCID: PMC10726629 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between air pollution and retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been demonstrated, but the pathogenic correlation is unknown. Damage to the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB), which consists of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, is crucial in the development of fundus diseases. OBJECTIVES To describe the effects of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the oBRB and disease susceptibilities. METHODS A PM2.5-exposed mice model was established through the administration of eye drops containing PM2.5. Optical coherence tomography angiography, transmission electron microscope, RPE immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were applied to study the oBRB changes. A co-culture model of ARPE-19 cells with stretching vascular endothelial cells was established to identify the role of choroidal vasodilatation in PM2.5-associated RPE damage. RESULTS Acute exposure to PM2.5 resulted in choroidal vasodilatation, RPE tight junctions impairment, and ultimately an increased risk of retinal edema in mice. These manifestations are very similar to the pachychoroid disease represented by central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). After continuous PM2.5 exposure, the damage to the RPE was gradually repaired, but AMD-related early retinal degenerative changes appeared under continuous choroidal inflammation. CONCLUSION This study reveals oBRB pathological changes under different exposure durations, providing a valuable reference for the prevention of PM2.5-related fundus diseases and public health policy formulation.
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Grants
- 82271063, 81670833, 81870641, 8207939, 81300641 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82271063, 81670833, 81870641, 8207939, 81300641 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2019C03091, 2020C03035 Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province
- 2019C03091, 2020C03035 Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province
- 2019QNA7026 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feiyin Sheng
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengqin Gao
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Han
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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7
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Hao S, Chen Z, Gu Y, Chen L, Sheng F, Xu Y, Wu D, Han Y, Lu B, Chen S, Zhao W, Yin H, Wang X, Riazuddin SA, Lou X, Fu Q, Yao K. Long-term PM2.5 exposure disrupts corneal epithelial homeostasis by impairing limbal stem/progenitor cells in humans and rat models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37759270 PMCID: PMC10523760 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSPCs) play a crucial role in maintaining corneal health by regulating epithelial homeostasis. Although PM2.5 is associated with the occurrence of several corneal diseases, its effects on LSPCs are not clearly understood. METHODS In this study, we explored the correlation between PM2.5 exposure and human limbal epithelial thickness measured by Fourier-domain Optical Coherence Tomography in the ophthalmologic clinic. Long- and short-term PM2.5 exposed-rat models were established to investigate the changes in LSPCs and the associated mechanisms. RESULTS We found that people living in regions with higher PM2.5 concentrations had thinner limbal epithelium, indicating the loss of LSPCs. In rat models, long-term PM2.5 exposure impairs LSPCs renewal and differentiation, manifesting as corneal epithelial defects and thinner epithelium in the cornea and limbus. However, LSPCs were activated in short-term PM2.5-exposed rat models. RNA sequencing implied that the circadian rhythm in LSPCs was perturbed during PM2.5 exposure. The mRNA level of circadian genes including Per1, Per2, Per3, and Rev-erbα was upregulated in both short- and long-term models, suggesting circadian rhythm was involved in the activation and dysregulation of LSPCs at different stages. PM2.5 also disturbed the limbal microenvironment as evidenced by changes in corneal subbasal nerve fiber density, vascular density and permeability, and immune cell infiltration, which further resulted in the circadian mismatches and dysfunction of LSPCs. CONCLUSION This study systematically demonstrates that PM2.5 impairs LSPCs and their microenvironment. Moreover, we show that circadian misalignment of LSPCs may be a new mechanism by which PM2.5 induces corneal diseases. Therapeutic options that target circadian rhythm may be viable options for improving LSPC functions and alleviating various PM2.5-associated corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feiyin Sheng
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Han
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Xiang W, Wang W, Du L, Zhao B, Liu X, Zhang X, Yao L, Ge M. Toxicological Effects of Secondary Air Pollutants. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023; 39:326-341. [PMID: 37303472 PMCID: PMC10147539 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-3050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary air pollutants, originating from gaseous pollutants and primary particulate matter emitted by natural sources and human activities, undergo complex atmospheric chemical reactions and multiphase processes. Secondary gaseous pollutants represented by ozone and secondary particulate matter, including sulfates, nitrates, ammonium salts, and secondary organic aerosols, are formed in the atmosphere, affecting air quality and human health. This paper summarizes the formation pathways and mechanisms of important atmospheric secondary pollutants. Meanwhile, different secondary pollutants' toxicological effects and corresponding health risks are evaluated. Studies have shown that secondary pollutants are generally more toxic than primary ones. However, due to their diverse source and complex generation mechanism, the study of the toxicological effects of secondary pollutants is still in its early stages. Therefore, this paper first introduces the formation mechanism of secondary gaseous pollutants and focuses mainly on ozone's toxicological effects. In terms of particulate matter, secondary inorganic and organic particulate matters are summarized separately, then the contribution and toxicological effects of secondary components formed from primary carbonaceous aerosols are discussed. Finally, secondary pollutants generated in the indoor environment are briefly introduced. Overall, a comprehensive review of secondary air pollutants may shed light on the future toxicological and health effects research of secondary air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Weigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 P. R. China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
| | - Maofa Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P. R. China
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9
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Mendoza-Aldaba I, López-Valdez N, Cervantes-Valencia ME, Fortoul TI. Vanadium inhalation effects on the corneal ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF): study in a murine model. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:49-54. [PMID: 36755405 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2177668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Air pollution is a public health problem caused by predatory human activities and the indiscriminate burning of fossil fuels that liberate particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere. Vanadium (V) adheres to them and reaches the bloodstream and different organs such as the eye when inhaled. Another way to reach the eye is by direct contact, and the cornea is the first layer exposed. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is secreted by the corneal nerves and some of its functions include self-renewal maintenance and wound healing by the activation of STAT3. Previous reports from our group indicate the activation of STAT3 after the inhalation of V, adhered to PM. OBJECTIVE To analyse the effect of V inhalation in the expression of CNTF. Method: CD-1 male mice were exposed for 4 and 8 weeks to V inhalation. The eyes were removed, and the corneas were processed for immunohistochemistry for CNTF and analysed by densitometry. The same slides were used to evaluate histological modifications and to measure the corneas' anterior epithelial and endothelial thickness. RESULTS A decrease in CNTF expression in the anterior epithelium in the 8th week, as well as an increase in the endothelial and corneal thickness and disarray of all the layers of the anterior epithelium. CONCLUSION V inhalation disturbs the architecture of the cornea and modifies the presence of CNTF which might modify the renewal of the corneas after exposure to PM air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Mendoza-Aldaba
- Department of Social Service, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), México
| | - Nelly López-Valdez
- Department in Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - María Eugenia Cervantes-Valencia
- Department in Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Teresa Imelda Fortoul
- Department in Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, México
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10
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Lin L, Chen Y, Chen D, Shu J, Hu Y, Yin Z, Wu Y. Transient 40 °C-shock potentiates cytotoxic responses of Vδ2+ γδ T cell via HSP70 upregulation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2391-2404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Chen L, Wei J, Ma T, Gao D, Wang X, Wen B, Chen M, Li Y, Jiang J, Wu L, Li W, Liu X, Song Y, Guo X, Dong Y, Ma J. Ambient gaseous pollutant exposure and incidence of visual impairment among children and adolescents: findings from a longitudinal, two-center cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73262-73270. [PMID: 35622291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the effects of exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants on children's vision was consistently scarce. We aimed to explore the effect of ambient gaseous pollutant exposure on the incidence of visual impairment (VI) in children. From 2005 to 2018, a total of 340,313 children without VI participated in a longitudinal and two-center dynamic cohort. The logMAR acuity was used to assess visual function. The space-time extremely randomized trees model was used to estimate SO2 and CO exposures levels. The association between SO2 and CO and VI risks among children was assessed using a proportional hazards model with a restricted cubic spline. Subgroup analyses stratified by gender and grades were used to investigate the differences in an association of SO2 and CO exposures with childhood VI. A total of 158381 (46.54%) children experienced an new incident VI. A ten-unit (10 μg/m3) increase in SO2 exposure concentrations was significantly associated with a 1.70 times higher risk of childhood VI. In addition, a 0.1-unit (0.1 mg/m3) increase in CO exposure was significantly associated with a 1.22 times higher risk of childhood VI. The positive association between ambient gaseous pollutants (including SO2 and CO exposures) and childhood VI risks remained even after adjusting for other environmental variables. An increase in the incidence of VI in children was positively linked to SO2 and CO exposure. Such evidence might aid governments in developing strategies to interfere with children's eyesight by decreasing air pollution and changing school curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health and Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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12
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Sundram TKM, Tan ESS, Cheah SC, Lim HS, Seghayat MS, Bustami NA, Tan CK. Impacts of particulate matter (PM 2.5) on the health status of outdoor workers: observational evidence from Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71064-71074. [PMID: 35595900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a significant contributor to disease burden, leading to an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths and 103.1 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually worldwide. As industrialization and urbanization surge in Asia, air pollution and its corresponding health issues follow suit. Findings on disease burden in developing countries are extremely scanty. This study aimed to determine the concentration of PM2.5 and its impact on respiratory health of outdoor workers in Malaysia. A 2-cycled 3-month cohort study involving 440 participants was conducted. Workers' health status was assessed via (1) Total Ocular Symptom Score (TOSS), (2) Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), (3) St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGPQ), and (4) Asthma Control Test (ACT). The maximum PM2.5 concentration was measured at 122.90 ± 2.07 µg/m3 during third week of August 2016. Meanwhile, the minimum concentration was measured at 57.47 ± 3.80 µg/m3 and 57.47 ± 1.64 µg/m3 during fourth week of July 2016 and first week of August 2017 respectively. Findings revealed that TOSS, TNSS, and SGPQ changes were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the concentration of PM2.5. Outdoor workers were more significantly (p < 0.05) affected by changes in PM2.5 compared to indoor workers with a moderate correlation (r value ranged from 0.4 to 0.7). Ironically, no significant association was found between ACT assessment and PM2.5. Collectively, our findings suggested that changes in the concentration of PM2.5 threatened the respiratory health of outdoor workers. The existing policy should be strengthened and preventive measures to be enforced safeguarding health status of outdoor workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenie Sin Sing Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwee San Lim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Marjan Sadat Seghayat
- Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bioscience & Nursing, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normina Ahmad Bustami
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Keat Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Jaiswal S, Jalbert I, Schmid K, Tein N, Wang S, Golebiowski B. Smoke and the eyes: A review of the harmful effects of wildfire smoke and air pollution on the ocular surface. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119732. [PMID: 35839974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are occurring worldwide with greater frequency and intensity. Wildfires, as well as other sources of air pollution including environmental tobacco smoke, household biomass combustion, agricultural burning, and vehicular emissions, release large amounts of toxic substances into the atmosphere. The ocular surface is constantly exposed to the ambient air and is hence vulnerable to damage from air pollutants. This review describes the detrimental effects of wildfire smoke and air pollution on the ocular surface and resultant signs and symptoms. The latest relevant evidence is synthesised and critically evaluated. A mechanism for the pathophysiology of ocular surface damage will be proposed considering the existing literature on respiratory effects of air pollution. Current strategies to reduce human exposure to air pollutants are discussed and specific possible approaches to protect the ocular surface and manage air pollution induced ocular surface damage are suggested. Further avenues of research are suggested to understand how acute and chronic air pollution exposure affects the ocular surface including the short and long-term implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jaiswal
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Katrina Schmid
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Natasha Tein
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Wang
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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14
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Kim DH, Lee H, Hwangbo H, Kim SY, Ji SY, Kim MY, Park SK, Park SH, Kim MY, Kim GY, Cheong J, Nam SW, Choi YH. Particulate matter 2.5 promotes inflammation and cellular dysfunction via reactive oxygen species/p38 MAPK pathway in primary rat corneal epithelial cells. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:273-284. [PMID: 36097682 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies have linked particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) to ocular surface diseases, but few studies have been conducted on the biological effect of PM2.5 on the cornea. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the harmful effect of PM2.5 on primary rat corneal epithelial cells (RCECs) in vitro and identify the toxic mechanism involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultured RCECs were characterized by pan-cytokeratin (CK) staining. In PM2.5-exposed RCECs, cell viability, microarray gene expression, inflammatory cytokine levels, mitochondrial damage, DNA double-strand break and signaling pathway were investigated. RESULTS Exposure to PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity and morphological changes in RCECs. In addition, PM2.5 markedly up-regulated pro-inflammatory mediators but down-regulated the wound healing-related transforming growth factor-β. Furthermore, PM2.5 promoted mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mediated cellular damage to mitochondria and DNA, whereas these cellular alterations induced by PM2.5 were markedly suppressed by a potential ROS scavenger. Noteworthy, removal of ROS selectively down-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in PM2.5-stimulated cells. Additionally, SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, markedly suppressed these PM2.5-mediated cellular dysfunctions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings show that PM2.5 can promote the ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and lead to mitochondrial damage and DNA double-strand break, which is ultimately caused inflammation and cytotoxicity in RCECs. These findings indicate that the ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway is one mechanism involved in PM2.5-induced ocular surface disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Biology, xxxx, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, xxxx, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, xxxx, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, xxxx, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, xxxx, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, xxxx, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seh-Kwang Park
- Research and Development Department, xxxx., Busan 47195, Republic of Korea.,xxxx, Seoul 05551, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Research and Development Department, xxxx., Busan 47195, Republic of Korea.,xxxx, Seoul 05551, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Research and Development Department, xxxx., Busan 47195, Republic of Korea.,xxxx, Seoul 05551, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, xxxx, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, xxxx, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Nam
- Department of Smart Bio-Health, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, xxxx, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.,Department of Smart Bio-Health, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, xxxx, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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15
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Gu Y, Hao S, Liu K, Gao M, Lu B, Sheng F, Zhang L, Xu Y, Wu D, Han Y, Chen S, Zhao W, Lou X, Wang X, Li P, Chen Z, Yao K, Fu Q. Airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) damages the inner blood-retinal barrier by inducing inflammation and ferroptosis in retinal vascular endothelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156563. [PMID: 35690207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first to explore the effect of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). In this study, retinal vascular permeability and diameter were enhanced in the PM2.5-exposed animal model (1 mg/mL PM2.5, 10 μL per eye, 4 times per day, 3 days), together with observable retinal edema and increased inflammation level in retina. PM2.5-induced cell damage in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Decreased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, as well as increased apoptosis and inflammation, were observed. Iron overload and excessive lipid oxidation were also discovered after PM2.5 exposure (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL PM2.5 for 24 h), along with significantly altered expression of ferroptosis-related genes, such as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, glutathione peroxidase 4, and ferritin heavy chain 1. Moreover, Ferrostatin-1, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, evidently alleviated the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity of HRMECs. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of PM2.5 on retinas, revealing that PM2.5 exposure induced retinal inflammation, vascular dilatation, and caused damage to the iBRB. The crucial role of ferroptosis was discovered during PM2.5-induced HRMEC cytotoxicity and dysfunction, indicating a potential precautionary target in air pollution-associated retinal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengqin Gao
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feiyin Sheng
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Han
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Lab of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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16
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Lin HW, Shen TJ, Chen PY, Chen TC, Yeh JH, Tsou SC, Lai CY, Chen CH, Chang YY. Particulate matter 2.5 exposure induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:11-17. [PMID: 35689837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been linked to ocular surface diseases, yet knowledge of the molecular mechanism impacted on retina pathogenesis is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects and involved factors of PM2.5 exposure in human retinal pigment epithelial APRE-19 cells. Our data revealed a decreased cell viability and an increased migratory ability in APRE-19 cells after PM2.5 stimulation. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels were markedly increased while the MMPs regulators TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly reduced in PM2.5-exposed APRE-19 cells. PM2.5 also increased pro-MMP-2 expression in the cell culture supernatants. Additionally, PM2.5 promoted the EMT markers through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, the ICAM-1 production was also remarkably increased by PM2.5 but reduced by PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 in APRE-19 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that PM2.5 promotes EMT in a PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent manner in the retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yu Chen
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsuan Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chun Tsou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Déméautis T, Delles M, Tomaz S, Monneret G, Glehen O, Devouassoux G, George C, Bentaher A. Pathogenic Mechanisms of Secondary Organic Aerosols. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1146-1161. [PMID: 35737464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution represents a major health problem and an economic burden. In recent years, advances in air pollution research has allowed particle fractionation and identification of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). SOA is formed from either biogenic or anthropogenic emissions, through a mass transfer from the gaseous mass to the particulate phase in the atmosphere. They can have deleterious impact on health and the mortality of individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. The pleiotropic effects of SOA could involve different and interconnected pathogenic mechanisms ranging from oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune system dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to present recent findings about SOA pathogenic roles and potential underlying mechanisms focusing on the lungs; the latter being the primary exposed organ to atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Déméautis
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie Delles
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Tomaz
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- Pathophysiology of Immunosuppression Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Responses, EA7426 (PI3), Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France.,Digestive and Endocrine Surgery Department, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon South Hospital,165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet 69495 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France.,Pulmonology Department, Croix Rousse Hospital, Lyon Civil Hospices, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Christian George
- University of Lyon, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, CNRS, IRCELYON, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrazzak Bentaher
- Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, EA3738 (CICLY), South Medical University Hospital, Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University, 165 Chemin du grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Bénite, France
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18
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Li Y, Shi T, Li X, Sun H, Xia X, Ji X, Zhang J, Liu M, Lin Y, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Tang J. Inhaled tire-wear microplastic particles induced pulmonary fibrotic injury via epithelial cytoskeleton rearrangement. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107257. [PMID: 35486965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear microplastic particles (TWMPs) are emerging microplastic pollutants that have gained increasing attention lately. However, the health effect of inhaled airborne TWMPs has never been explored before and may already be included in particulate matter morbidity and mortality. Here, we endeavored to address the preliminary study of TWMP inhalation-induced pulmonary toxic effects and its epigenetic mechanisms in C57BL/6 mice. As a result, restricted ventilatory dysfunction and fibrotic pathological changes were observed in TWMP-treaded mice. Further research found that attenuation of miR-1a-3p plays an important role in TWMP-induced lung injury. Results from in vitro study confirmed that cytoskeleton regulatory gene twinfilin-1 was one of the target genes of miR-1a-3p, and involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement caused by TWMP exposure. Mechanistically, miR-1a-3p inhibited the F-actin formation by targeting cytoskeletal regulatory proteins twinfilin-1, leading to TWMP-induced pulmonary fibrotic injury. While we are in the very early stages of explaining the role of epigenetics in TWMP-induced lung injury, the potential for the use of epigenetic marks as biomarkers is high and discoveries made in this field will likely bring us closer to better understanding this crucial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Teng Shi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Xia
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meike Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinglong Tang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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19
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Ghosh AK, Bacellar-Galdino M, Iqbal S, Pappenhagen NE, Kaja S. Topical Porphyrin Antioxidant Protects Against Ocular Surface Pathology in a Novel Rabbit Model for Particulate Matter-Induced Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:294-304. [PMID: 35384749 PMCID: PMC9125571 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Particulate matter (PM) is a primary cause for the development of acute and chronic dry eye disease, especially irritant-induced conjunctivitis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of fine atmospheric PM on the rabbit ocular surface, and determine the protective effects of a synthetic antioxidant, manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Mn-TM-2-PyP), in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Rabbit corneal epithelial cells (SIRC) were exposed to increasing concentrations of PM to determine the effects on cell motility and viability. The in vivo effects of topically instilled PM were tested in New Zealand White rabbits. Comprehensive ophthalmic exams and corneal fluorescein staining were performed. Results: Exposure to PM resulted in dose-dependent cell death and impaired cellular motility; Mn-TM-2-PyP protected against PM-induced cytotoxicity and significantly increased SIRC cell motility. In vivo, exposure to PM (5 mg/ml, topical, 3 times daily for 7 days) resulted in signs of dry eye, notably hyperemia, increased corneal fluorescein staining, and decreased tear volumes. Mn-TM-2-PyP significantly improved hyperemia and corneal fluorescein readouts but had no effect on tear production. Lifitegrast (Xiidra®) showed similar pharmacologic efficacy to Mn-TM-2-PyP. Conclusion: Overall, these data provide evidence that PM induces phenotypes of ocular surface disease responsive to antioxidant and immunosuppressant therapy. To our knowledge this is the first report of a large animal model to study PM-induced ocular surface disease. The present work provides standardized experimental paradigms for the comprehensive in vitro and in vivo testing of novel therapeutic approaches targeting PM-induced conjunctivitis and dry-eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kirti Ghosh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Forest Park, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Sana Iqbal
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Forest Park, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Simon Kaja
- Visual Neurobiology and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Research & Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Forest Park, Illinois, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas-Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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20
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Compagnoni C, Zelli V, Bianchi A, Di Marco A, Capelli R, Vecchiotti D, Brandolini L, Cimini AM, Zazzeroni F, Allegretti M, Alesse E, Tessitore A. MicroRNAs Expression in Response to rhNGF in Epithelial Corneal Cells: Focus on Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073597. [PMID: 35408969 PMCID: PMC8998691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nerve growth factor efficacy was demonstrated for corneal lesions treatment, and recombinant human NGF (rhNGF) was approved for neurotrophic keratitis therapy. However, NGF-induced molecular responses in cornea are still largely unknown. We analyzed microRNAs expression in human epithelial corneal cells after time-dependent rhNGF treatment. METHODS Nearly 700 microRNAs were analyzed by qRT-PCR. MicroRNAs showing significant expression differences were examined by DIANA-miRpath v.3.0 to identify target genes and pathways. Immunoblots were performed to preliminarily assess the strength of the in silico results. RESULTS Twenty-one microRNAs (miR-26a-1-3p, miR-30d-3p, miR-27b-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-362-5p, mir-550a-5p, mir-34a-3p, mir-1227-3p, mir-27a-5p, mir-222-5p, mir-151a-5p, miR-449a, let7c-5p, miR-337-5p, mir-29b-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-141-3p, miR-671-3p, miR-324-5p, mir-411-3p, and mir-425-3p) were significantly regulated in response to rhNGF. In silico analysis evidenced interesting target genes and pathways, including that of neurotrophin, when analyzed in depth. Almost 80 unique target genes (e.g., PI3K, AKT, MAPK, KRAS, BRAF, RhoA, Cdc42, Rac1, Bax, Bcl2, FasL) were identified as being among those most involved in neurotrophin signaling and in controlling cell proliferation, growth, and apoptosis. AKT and RhoA immunoblots demonstrated congruence with microRNA expression, providing preliminary validation of in silico data. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA levels in response to rhNGF were for the first time analyzed in corneal cells. Novel insights about microRNAs, target genes, pathways modulation, and possible biological responses were provided. Importantly, given the putative role of microRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, our results make available data which might be potentially exploitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Compagnoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, Via Petrini, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianchi
- Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.B.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Antinisca Di Marco
- Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.B.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Roberta Capelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, Via Petrini, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Brandolini
- Dompé Farmaceutici Spa, via Campo di Pile, 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, P.zza S. Tommasi, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Marcello Allegretti
- Dompé Farmaceutici Spa, via Campo di Pile, 1, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (C.C.); (V.Z.); (R.C.); (D.V.); (F.Z.); (E.A.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, Via Petrini, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-086-243-3518; Fax: +39-0862433131
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21
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Song F, Chen Z, Lyu D, Gu Y, Lu B, Hao S, Xu Y, Jin X, Fu Q, Yao K. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in human corneal epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131955. [PMID: 34478962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and to identify potential biological pathways involved in PM2.5-induced toxicity in HCECs. METHODS Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and hierarchy clustering analysis, lncRNA expression profiles in PM2.5-treated and untreated HCECs were examined. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to predict the role of altered lncRNAs in biological processes and pathways. A quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was conducted to verify the RNA-seq results in HCECs and human corneal epithelial cell sheets. RESULTS In total, 65 lncRNAs were altered in the PM2.5-treated HCECs, including 41 upregulated and 24 downregulated lncRNAs. The results of the qRT-PCR assay were consistent with those of the RNA-seq analysis. The expression of two significantly upregulated lncRNAs was confirmed in human corneal epithelial cell sheets. The GO analysis demonstrated that altered lncRNAs in the PM2.5-treated HCECs were significantly enriched in three domains: cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed enriched pathways of lncRNA co-expressed mRNAs, including cancer, RNA transport, and Rap1 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of PM2.5-induced ocular diseases, exerting their effects through biological processes and pathogenic pathways. Among the altered lncRNAs, RP3-406P24.3 and RP11-285E9.5 may play significant roles in PM2.5-induced ocular surface injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Danni Lyu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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22
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Song F, Hao S, Gu Y, Yao K, Fu Q. Research advances in pathogenic mechanisms underlying air pollution-induced ocular surface diseases. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 1:100001. [PMID: 37846395 PMCID: PMC10577819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The harmful effect of aerial fine particulate matter(PM2.5)has been a serious public health issue and has attracted worldwide attention, especially in developing countries. Main Text Numerous previous clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 has a clear pathogenic effect on diseases related to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Recent researches have pointed out that PM2.5 plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and progression of ocular surface diseases. The current studies have shown that PM2.5 may promote the appearance of conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, dry eye, meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD) and other ocular surface diseases through regulating a series of mechanisms such as inflammation, immune reaction, oxidative stress, autophagy, cell migration, and epigenetics. Conclusions This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the pathogenic mechanism of PM2.5-related ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Song
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Kang WS, Choi H, Lee KH, Kim E, Kim KJ, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg and Its Active Components Mitigate Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis after Urban Particulate Matter-Induced Ocular Surface Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1717. [PMID: 34829588 PMCID: PMC8614870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that urban particulate matter (UPM) exposure decreases the migration activity and survival of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Herein, we investigated the potential to improve the corneal wound-healing ability of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. leaf extract (PJE) and its active components on UPM-induced ocular surface damage in vitro and in vivo. PJE effectively assisted wound healing without altering HCEC survival and enhanced catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) antioxidant gene expression. A corneal wound was uniformly induced on the right eye in all experimental animals and divided into eight groups such as two control groups (wounded right eye group-NR and non-wounded left eye group-NL), UPM treated group and PJEs (25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg) treated groups. Corneal abrasion model rats exposed to UPM showed delayed wound healing compared to unexposed rats, but wound healing was dose-dependently enhanced by PJE oral administration. Seventy-two hours after wound generation, inflammatory cells, apoptotic cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression were increased substantially after UPM exposure, but PJE treatment significantly reduced the wound to an almost normal level while enhancing re-epithelialization without changing corneal thickness. Next, we tried to identify the key molecules for enhancing wound healing through fractionation. The major compounds in the fraction, confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were chlorogenic acid (CA), neochlorogenic acid (NCA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA). Each type of CA isomers showed slightly different half maximal effective (EC50) and maximal effective (ECmax) concentrations, and their mixtures synergistically enhanced HCEC migration. Thus, corneal abrasion wound recovery after UPM exposure improved after PJE treatment, and the active PJE components were identified, providing an important basis to develop therapeutics for ocular surface damage using PJE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (J.S.K.)
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Marczynski M, Lieleg O. Forgotten but not gone: Particulate matter as contaminations of mucosal systems. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:031302. [PMID: 38505633 PMCID: PMC10903497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A decade ago, environmental issues, such as air pollution and the contamination of the oceans with microplastic, were prominently communicated in the media. However, these days, political topics, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have clearly taken over. In spite of this shift in focus regarding media representation, researchers have made progress in evaluating the possible health risks associated with particulate contaminations present in water and air. In this review article, we summarize recent efforts that establish a clear link between the increasing occurrence of certain pathological conditions and the exposure of humans (or animals) to airborne or waterborne particulate matter. First, we give an overview of the physiological functions mucus has to fulfill in humans and animals, and we discuss different sources of particulate matter. We then highlight parameters that govern particle toxicity and summarize our current knowledge of how an exposure to particulate matter can be related to dysfunctions of mucosal systems. Last, we outline how biophysical tools and methods can help researchers to obtain a better understanding of how particulate matter may affect human health. As we discuss here, recent research has made it quite clear that the structure and functions of those mucosal systems are sensitive toward particulate contaminations. Yet, our mechanistic understanding of how (and which) nano- and microparticles can compromise human health via interacting with mucosal barriers is far from complete.
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25
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Alishahedani ME, Yadav M, McCann KJ, Gough P, Castillo CR, Matriz J, Myles IA. Therapeutic candidates for keloid scars identified by qualitative review of scratch assay research for wound healing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253669. [PMID: 34143844 PMCID: PMC8213172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scratch assay is an in vitro technique used to analyze cell migration, proliferation, and cell-to-cell interaction. In the assay, cells are grown to confluence and then ‘scratched’ with a sterile instrument. For the cells in the leading edge, the resulting polarity induces migration and proliferation in attempt to ‘heal’ the modeled wound. Keloid scars are known to have an accelerated wound closure phenotype in the scratch assay, representing an overactivation of wound healing. We performed a qualitative review of the recent literature searching for inhibitors of scratch assay activity that were already available in topical formulations under the hypothesis that such compounds may offer therapeutic potential in keloid treatment. Although several shortcomings in the scratch assay literature were identified, caffeine and allicin successfully inhibited the scratch assay closure and inflammatory abnormalities in the commercially available keloid fibroblast cell line. Caffeine and allicin also impacted ATP production in keloid cells, most notably with inhibition of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption. The traditional Chinese medicine, shikonin, was also successful in inhibiting scratch closure but displayed less dramatic impacts on metabolism. Together, our results partially summarize the strengths and limitations of current scratch assay literature and suggest clinical assessment of the therapeutic potential for these identified compounds against keloid scars may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali E. Alishahedani
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Manoj Yadav
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katelyn J. McCann
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Portia Gough
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos R. Castillo
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jobel Matriz
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Urban Aerosol Particulate Matter Promotes Necrosis and Autophagy via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Cellular Disorders that are Accompanied by Cell Cycle Arrest in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020149. [PMID: 33498524 PMCID: PMC7909535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban particulate matter (UPM) is recognized as a grave public health problem worldwide. Although a few studies have linked UPM to ocular surface diseases, few studies have reported on retinal dysfunction. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of UPM on the retina and identify the main mechanism of UPM toxicity. In this study, we found that UPM significantly induced cytotoxicity with morphological changes in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and increased necrosis and autophagy but not apoptosis. Furthermore, UPM significantly increased G2/M arrest and simultaneously induced alterations in cell cycle regulators. In addition, DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction were remarkably enhanced by UPM. However, the pretreatment with the potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively suppressed UPM-mediated cytotoxicity, necrosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, NAC markedly restored UPM-induced DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, UPM increased the expression of mitophagy-regulated proteins, but NAC had no effect on mitophagy. Taken together, although further studies are needed to identify the role of mitophagy in UPM-induced RPE injury, the present study provides the first evidence that ROS-mediated cellular damage through necrosis and autophagy is one of the mechanisms of UPM-induced retinal disorders.
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Kashiwagi K, Iizuka Y. Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19516. [PMID: 33177636 PMCID: PMC7659009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems caused by airborne particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 (PM2.5), especially in the respiratory system, have become a worldwide problem, but the influence and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the ocular surface have not been sufficiently elucidated. We investigated in vitro the onset and pathogenesis of corneal damage induced by PM2.5. Two types of PM2.5 samples originating from Beijing (designated #28) and the Gobi Desert (designated #30) were added to the culture medium of immortalized cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to examine the effects on survival rates, autophagy, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Both types of PM2.5 significantly reduced the HCEC survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering autophagy. In particular, compared with #30, #28 induced much more severe damage in HCECs. Physical contact between PM2.5 and HCECs was not a primary contributor to PM2.5-induced HCEC damage. Among the 38 proinflammatory cytokines examined in this study, significant increases in the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-6 levels and a significant reduction in the interleukin-8 level were detected in culture medium of PM2.5-exposed HCECs. Simultaneous addition of a GM-CSF inhibitor, suramin, alleviated the HCEC impairment induced by PM2.5. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces HCEC death by triggering autophagy. Some cytokines that are released from HCECs, including GM-CSF, may be involved in HCEC damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoko Iizuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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28
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Tien PT, Lin HJ, Tsai YY, Lim YP, Chen CS, Chang CY, Lin CJ, Chen JJY, Wu SM, Huang YJ, Wan L. Perfluorooctanoic acid in indoor particulate matter triggers oxidative stress and inflammation in corneal and retinal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15702. [PMID: 32973190 PMCID: PMC7518444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the particle size distribution of particulate matter and the concentration of specific perfluorinated compounds in indoor dust samples from several locations. Then, we used cell-based assays to investigate the effect of perfluorinated compounds on human corneal epithelial (HCEpiC), endothelial cells (HCEC) and retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). Indoor dust samples were collected at five different locations and PM50–10, PM10–2.5, and PM2.5–1 were fractionized. The presence and levels of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol, 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol, and perfluorooctanoic acid were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The effect of perfluorooctanoic acid on the activation of reactive oxygen species, transepithelial resistance as well as the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were determined. The basolateral media of human corneal epithelial or human corneal endothelial cells were used to treat human corneal endothelial or retinal pigment epithelial cells, respectively to indicate the potential of ocular surface inflammation may result in retinal inflammation. Among perfluorinated compounds, only perfluorooctanoic acid was detected in all indoor dust samples. Perfluorooctanoic acid had the highest concentration among all perfluorinated compounds in the samples. Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid impaired tight junction sealing and increased the levels of reactive oxygen species in human corneal epithelial cells. In human corneal epithelial cells, secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in both apical and basolateral media was promoted significantly by perfluorooctanoic acid treatment. Stimulation with the basolateral media from perfluorooctanoic acid-treated human corneal epithelial cells induced inflammation in human corneal endothelial cells. The treatment of retinal pigment epithelial cells with the basolateral media from stimulated human corneal endothelial cells also elicited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The results indicate that perfluorooctanoic acid exposure impaired the tight junction of corneal cells and caused inflammatory reactions in the retina. Exposure of the cornea to perfluorooctanoic acid contained in particulate matter might induce oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina and represent a risk factor for age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tai Tien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jamie Jiin-Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Mei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jeen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan. .,Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kang WS, Choi H, Jang G, Lee KH, Kim E, Kim KJ, Jeong GY, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. Long-Term Exposure to Urban Particulate Matter on the Ocular Surface and the Incidence of Deleterious Changes in the Cornea, Conjunctiva and Retina in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4976. [PMID: 32674521 PMCID: PMC7404123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the time-dependent deleterious ocular changes induced by urban particulate matter (UPM) in vitro and in vivo. UPM treatment decreased human corneal epithelial cell migration and survival. Fluorescein scores were consistently increased by UPM application for 16 weeks. One week of rest at 2 or 4 weeks led to a recovery trend, whereas two weeks of rest at 8 weeks induced no change. UPM treatment decreased the tear film break-up time at 2 weeks, which was thereafter maintained until 16 weeks. No changes were found after periods of rest. UPM-treated eyes exhibited greater corneal epithelium thickness than normal eyes at 2 weeks, which recovered to normal at 4 and 8 weeks and was significantly decreased at 16 weeks. Apoptotic cell number in the epithelium was increased at 2 weeks, which remained constant except at 8 weeks. IL-6 expression in the cornea of the right eye continually increased for 16 weeks, and significant recovery was only observed at 8 weeks after 2 weeks of rest. Ocular pressure was significantly increased in the right eye at 12 and 16 weeks. Topical UPM application to the eye induced deleterious changes to various closely related parts of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Goeun Jang
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Ki Hoon Lee
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Eun Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Kyeong Jo Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Gil-Yeon Jeong
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, 185 Geonjae-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea;
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (W.S.K.); (H.C.); (G.J.); (K.H.L.); (E.K.); (K.J.K.); (G.-Y.J.); (J.S.K.)
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Lee H, Hwang-Bo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Park C, Hong SH, Kim GY, Song KS, Hyun JW, Choi YH. Diesel particulate matter2.5 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human retinal pigment epithelial cells via generation of reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114301. [PMID: 32155554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have linked PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) to ocular surface diseases such as keratitis and conjunctivitis, very few studies have previously addressed its effect on the retina. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PM2.5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in disorders of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) on APRE-19 cells. PM2.5 changed the phenotype of RPE cells from epithelial to fibroblast-like mesenchymal, and increased cell migration. Exposure to PM2.5 markedly increased the expression of mesenchymal markers, but reduced the levels of epithelial markers. Moreover, PM2.5 promoted the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated nuclear transcriptional factors. However, these PM2.5-mediated changes were completely reversed by LY2109761, a small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor type I/II kinases, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Interestingly, NAC, but not LY2109761, effectively restored the PM2.5-induced mitochondrial defects, including increased ROS, decreased mitochondrial activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Collectively, our findings indicate that the TGF-β/Smad/ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated downstream of cellular ROS during PM2.5-induced EMT. The present study provides the first evidence that EMT of RPE may be one of the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced retinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Seob Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Lyu D, Chen Z, Almansoob S, Chen H, Ye Y, Song F, Zhang L, Qin Z, Tang Q, Yin H, Xu W, Yao K, Fu Q. Transcriptomic profiling of human corneal epithelial cells exposed to airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). Ocul Surf 2020; 18:554-564. [PMID: 32565256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced dysfunction in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and the potential role of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) in PM2.5-induced autophagy in vitro and in vivo. METHODS RNA-Seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PM2.5-exposed HCECs compared to unexposed condition, followed by validation via real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Corneal fluorescein staining and tear secretion were assessed in the PM2.5-exposed rat model. The expression of PAI-2 and autophagy-related markers were examined via immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and/or qRT-PCR in PM2.5-exposed or unexposed HCECs and rat corneas. PAI-2-knockdown HCECs were generated to study PAI-2's role in the PM2.5-induced autophagy in HCECs. RESULTS A total of 434 DEGs-240 up-regulated and 194 down-regulated-were identified in PM2.5-exposed HCECs rather than unexposed HCECs. The expression of a few genes related to proliferation, inflammation, and aryl hydrocarbon stimulation were significantly altered by PM2.5 exposure. PAI-2 expression was up-regulated in PM2.5-exposed HCECs, sharing a similar fluctuation trend with autophagy-related markers LC3B II and BECN1 according to various exposure periods. Moreover, PAI-2 knockdown significantly suppressed the expression of LC3B and BECN1 in PM2.5-exposed HCECs. The corneal fluorescein staining was enhanced and tear secretion was significantly reduced in PM2.5-exposed rat eyes. PAI-2 expression was also increased in PM2.5-exposed rat corneas, together with the up-regulation of several autophagy-related markers. CONCLUSION The present study identified the altered expression of hundreds of genes in PM2.5-exposed HCECs, which suggests the importance of PM2.5 for cornea health. The involvement of PAI-2 was discovered in the PM2.5-induced autophagy in HCECs as well as likely in rat corneas, which implied that PAI-2 may become a potential target of clinical treatment of PM2.5-associated ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lyu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siham Almansoob
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Song
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Qin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiaomei Tang
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Yaqoob SB, Adnan R, Rameez Khan RM, Rashid M. Gold, Silver, and Palladium Nanoparticles: A Chemical Tool for Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:376. [PMID: 32582621 PMCID: PMC7283583 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the role of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical analysis and the treatment of critical deceases been highlighted. In the world of nanotechnology, noble elements such as the gold/silver/palladium (Au/Ag/Pd) NPs are the most promising emerging trend to design bioengineering materials that could to be employed as modern diagnostic tools and devices to combat serious diseases. NPs are considered a powerful and advanced chemical tool to diagnose and to cure critical ailments such as HIV, cancer, and other types of infectious illnesses. The treatment of cancer is the most significant application of nanotechnology which is based on premature tumor detection and analysis of cancer cells through Nano-devices. The fascinating characteristic properties of NPs-such as high surface area, high surface Plasmon resonance, multi-functionalization, highly stable nature, and easy processing-make them more prolific for nanotechnology. In this review article, the multifunctional roles of Au/Ag/Pd NPs in the field of medical science, the physicochemical toxicity dependent properties, and the interaction mechanism is highlighted. Due to the cytotoxicity of Ag/Au/Pd NPs, the conclusion and future remarks emphasize the need for further research to minimize the toxicity of NPs in the bio-medicinal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Bahar Yaqoob
- Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology Mirpur, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Rohana Adnan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohammad Rashid
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Relationship between Particulate Matter (PM 10) and Airway Inflammation Measured with Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test in Seoul, Korea. Can Respir J 2020; 2020:1823405. [PMID: 32256904 PMCID: PMC7103060 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1823405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Particulate matter (PM) is increasing every year in Asia. It is not fully understood how the airway is affected when inhaling PM. We investigated the correlation between particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to determine whether PM causes airway inflammation. Material and Methods. We analyzed patients who visited our outpatient clinic and tested FeNO from January 2016 to December 2017 at the Korea University Guro Hospital. PM10 data were provided by the government of the Republic of South Korea, and measuring station of PM10 is located 800 meters from the hospital. We analyzed the correlation between PM10 and FeNO by a Pearson correlation analysis and by a multivariate linear regression analysis. To identify the most correlated times, we analyzed the correlation between the FeNO and PM10 daily average from the day of visit to 4 days before visit. Results FeNO positively correlated with PM10 at two days before hospital visit in the Pearson correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.057; P-value = 0.023) and in the multivariate linear regression analysis (B = 0.051, P-value = 0.026). If the PM10 increased by 100 μg/m3, the FeNO result was expected to rise to 8.3 ppb in healthy people without respiratory disease. Conclusion The positive correlation was found in both healthy people and asthmatic patients. Therefore, PM10 can increase airway inflammation.
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Topical Application of Liriope platyphylla Extract Attenuates Dry Eye Syndrome Induced by Particulate Matter. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:1429548. [PMID: 31915539 PMCID: PMC6931024 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1429548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollutant that poses a risk to human health. In the ocular system, PM causes or aggravates dry eye syndrome (DES) by damaging the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Liriope platyphylla has been used traditionally as an expectorant, antitussive agent, and tonic in Korea. However, the effects of Liriope platyphylla extract (LPE) on PM-induced ocular damage have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo protective effect of LPE against PM-induced DES in rats. Topical administration of LPE attenuated the PM-induced decrease in tear volume and reduced corneal epithelial irregularity and damage. LPE also protected against PM-induced disruption of the corneal mucin-4 layer and reduction in the conjunctival goblet cell density. These findings suggest that LPE has protective effects against PM-induced DES.
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Lin L, He J, Li J, Xu Y, Li J, Wu Y. Chitosan Nanoparticles Strengthen Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Cytotoxicity Through Upregulation Of Killing Molecules And Cytoskeleton Polarization. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9325-9336. [PMID: 31819434 PMCID: PMC6890518 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s212898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the past few years, immune cell therapy for malignant cancer has benefited a considerable amount of patients worldwide. As one of several promising candidates for immunotherapy, Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells have many unique biological advantages, such as non-MHC restriction and have been noted as the earliest source of IFN-γ. However, potentiating anti-tumor functions of γδ T cells has become of particular interest to researchers studying γδ T cell applications. Purpose In this study, we proposed a nanotechnology-based methodology for strengthening γδ T cell functions. Methods As a type of reliable, biocompatible material, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used to enhance anti-tumor immunity of γδ T cells. Results First, we found that the size of prepared CSNPs distributed 50 to 100 nm, and that CSNPs had optimal immunocompatibility. Then, we observed that CSNPs could induce α-tubulin cytoskeleton polarization and rearrangement, correlating with a higher killing ability of γδ T cells. Furthermore, we revealed that CSNPs could enhance Vγ9Vδ2 T cell anti-tumor functions by upregulating killing of related receptors, including NKG2D, CD56, FasL, and perforin secretion. Conclusion Our work provided evidence of application for CSNPs based bio-carrier in immunotherapy. More importantly, we proposed a new strategy for enhancing γδ T cell anti-tumor activity using nanobiomaterial, which could benefit future clinical applications of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, People's Republic of China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi He
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, People's Republic of China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
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Xu Z, Ding W, Deng X. PM 2.5, Fine Particulate Matter: A Novel Player in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1404. [PMID: 31849690 PMCID: PMC6896848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to the conversion of epithelial cells to mesenchymal phenotype, which endows the epithelial cells with enhanced migration, invasion, and extracellular matrix production abilities. These characteristics link EMT with the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis and cancer progression. Recent studies have preliminarily established that fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is correlated with EMT initiation. In this pathological process, PM2.5 particles, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from PM2.5, and certain components in PM2.5, such as ions and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been implicated as potential EMT mediators that are linked to the activation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMADs, NF-κB, growth factor (GF)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), GF/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, high mobility group box B1 (HMGB1)-receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling cascades and to cytoskeleton rearrangement. These pathways directly and indirectly transduce pro-EMT signals that regulate EMT-related gene expression in epithelial cells, finally inducing the characteristic alterations in morphology and functions of epithelia. In addition, novel associations between autophagy, ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), and exosomes with PM2.5-induced EMT have also been summarized. However, some debates and paradoxes remain to be consolidated. This review discusses the potential molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced EMT, which might account for the latent role of PM2.5 in cancer progression and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobei Deng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wei CC, Lin HJ, Lim YP, Chen CS, Chang CY, Lin CJ, Chen JJY, Tien PT, Lin CL, Wan L. PM2.5 and NOx exposure promote myopia: clinical evidence and experimental proof. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113031. [PMID: 31454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. However, information regarding the effect of long-term exposure to air pollutants on the risk of development of myopia is lacking. We collected data from two linked databases: the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database (TAQMD). A total of 15,822 children (16.3%) were diagnosed with myopia within the cohort. The incidence rate of myopia increased with exposure to increasing concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), increasing from 15.8 to 24.5 and from 13.7 to 34.4, per 1000 person-years, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for myopia increased with elevated PM2.5 and NOx exposure concentrations in Q4 to 1.57 and 2.60, respectively, compared to those exposed to the corresponding concentrations in Q1. In the animal experiments, PM2.5 induced myopia in hamsters by enhancing inflammation and was inhibited by resveratrol treatment compared to the control group. The change in axial length in the PM2.5 group was 0.386 ± 0.069 mm versus 0.287 ± 0.086 mm in the control group and 0.257 ± 0.059 mm in the PM2.5 + resveratrol group. We provide both clinical and experimental correlations that exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Wei
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Children's Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jamie Jinn-Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tang YJ, Chang HH, Chiang CY, Lai CY, Hsu MY, Wang KR, Han HH, Chen LY, Lin DPC. A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2118-2126. [PMID: 31099828 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several pieces of epidemiologic evidence have indicated PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) as a causing factor of allergic conjunctivitis, but without experimental elucidation of mechanism. In the present study, PM2.5 in solution was directly applied to the mouse ocular surface to elucidate whether PM2.5 might cause allergic conjunctivitis, and its underlying mechanisms were analyzed. Methods ICR mice were challenged for 18 consecutive days with eye drops containing PM2.5 at 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mg/mL in 0.9% NaCl saline, along with the controls prepared in parallel without PM2.5 and another control group treated with both PM2.5 at 12.8 mg/mL and artificial tears. On day 19, the whole eyes and meibomian glands were harvested for histopathological analyses and assessment of clinical scoring, tear volume, tear breakup time, and tear ferning. Furthermore, goblet cells by periodic acid Schiff stain and infiltrated eosinophils by Giemsa stain were quantified and compared among study groups. Results Clinical scoring showed more eyelid edema, tearing, and scratching behaviors, with longer tear breakup time under the influence of increased PM2.5 concentrations. Tear ferning assay showed less tear crystal formation and decreased crystal branches after exposure to PM2.5. In addition, higher goblet cell density in the upper palpebral conjunctiva and extensive eosinophil infiltration in the entire conjunctiva and in the meibomian glands were induced by PM2.5. Conclusions These results demonstrate that PM2.5 can induce symptoms similar to clinical allergic conjunctivitis and that the murine acute allergic conjunctivitis model can be induced by direct exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - King-Rong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsuan Han
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Effects of fine particulate matter on the ocular surface: An in vitro and in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109177. [PMID: 31387168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (fine PM) pollution has been previously associated with ocular surface diseases. But, to the best of our knowledge, the in vivo long-term effects of fine PM on the ocular surface have not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effects of fine PM on cultured human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells and on the ocular surfaces of mice, with standard reference material of fine PM(SRM 2786). We applied fine PM suspension to the eyes of C57BL/6 mice for up to 6 months. In vivo examinations, including tear secretion, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining, were performed in the 3rd and 6th month. At the end of the in vivo study, the corneal histological changes and conjunctival goblet cells were examined by staining, and cytokines in tissue were also detected. In addition, HCE cells were treated with fine PM for 12 h and 24 h. Then, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected. We found that fine PM damages the mouse eye in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In mice, the tear secretion and tear film break-up time were significantly reduced, along with the development of corneal epithelial damage, apoptosis of conjunctival epithelial cells and hypoplasia of conjunctival goblet cells. In addition, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23 and MCP-1 were increased in both conjunctiva and cornea of the fine PM-treated animals. Furthermore, increased apoptosis and ROS production were observed in time- and dose-dependent manner in HCE cells after fine PM exposure for 12 h and 24 h. Our results indicate that fine PM is cytotoxic to both HCE cells and the ocular surface. Long-term topical application of fine PM suspension in mice results in ocular surface changes that are similar to those observed with dry eye.
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Yu D, Deng Q, Wang J, Chang X, Wang S, Yang R, Yu J, Yu J. Air Pollutants are associated with Dry Eye Disease in Urban Ophthalmic Outpatients: a Prevalence Study in China. J Transl Med 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30767763 PMCID: PMC6376760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous prevalence studies of DED were reported from some countries worldwide, national data are unavailable in China. We aimed to conduct an up-to-date national survey on the prevalence of DED in China and find out the potential risk factors including air pollutant. METHODS 23,922 eligible outpatients were recruited from ophthalmic clinics of 32 cities in China in 2013 by registration orders. The patients' demographic characteristics, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases and medication history were collected and the daily air pollutant data in 2013. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors associated with DED. The association between related factors and dry eye diseases subtypes evaluated as p value and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Among 23,922 outpatients, the prevalence of DED was 61.57%, and that of the male patients was 57.64% and of the female was 65.32% (P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression suggested that the possible risk factors for DED included: female, older age, history of keratorefractive surgery, presence of arthritis, thyroid diseases, and antihistamine, diuretic, duodenal ulcer drugs, diazepam. Air pollutants including O3, PM2.5, and SO2 were also identified as the risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DED among ophthalmic outpatients in China was considerably high. Age, gender, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases, medication history, and air pollutants were associated with DED prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglong Deng
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Chang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Renren Yang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
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