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Li F, Lin Y, Yang C, Yan Y, Hao R, Mkuye R, Deng Y. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure on the gut microbiota of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109906. [PMID: 38522712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of nanotechnology and the growing utilization of nanomaterials, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been released into aquatic environments, posing potential ecotoxicological risks to aquatic organisms. In this study, the toxicological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated on the intestinal health of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). The pearl oysters were subjected to a 14-day exposure to 5-mg/L TiO2 nanoparticle, followed by a 7-day recovery period. Subsequently, the intestinal tissues were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The results from LEfSe analysis revealed that TiO2 nanoparticle increased the susceptibility of pearl oysters to potential pathogenic bacteria infections. Additionally, the TiO2 nanoparticles led to alterations in the abundance of microbial communities in the gut of pearl oysters. Notable changes included a decrease in the relative abundance of Phaeobacter and Nautella, and an increase in the Actinobacteria, which could potentially impact the immune function of pearl oysters. The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as the expression of genes related to energy metabolism (AMPK, PK, SCS-1, SCS-2, SCS-3), were down-regulated, suggesting that TiO2 nanoparticles exposure may affect the digestive and energy metabolic functions of pearl oysters. Furthermore, the short-term recovery of seven days did not fully restore these levels to normal. These findings provide crucial insights and serve as an important reference for understanding the toxic effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yujing Lin
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yilong Yan
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Development and Research Center for Biological Marine Resources, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Robert Mkuye
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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2
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You M, You X, Yang X, Hu J, Lyu Y, Sun W. Black carbon and humic acid alleviate the toxicity of antibiotics to a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120646. [PMID: 36375576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matters (NOMs), omnipresent in natural water, challenge the toxicity assessment of pollutants to aquatic organisms due to their complex interactions with chemicals and organisms. Here, we investigated the combined toxicity of one solid NOM (black carbon, BC) or one soluble NOM (humic acid, HA) with antibiotics, roxithromycin (RTM) or gatifloxacin (GAT), to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.. The NOMs alleviated the toxicity of RTM and GAT to Synechocystis sp., and BC had greater alleviation effects than HA due to its stronger adsorption to antibiotics. Antibiotics disturbed the photosynthesis of Synechocystis sp. significantly, which were also mitigated by BC and HA. Proteomic analysis showed that BC up-regulated the pathway of ribosome and photosynthetic antenna protein. GAT down-regulated the pathways of ABC transporter and oxidative phosphorylation. RTM interfered the pathway of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the addition of BC reduced the number of differentially expressed proteins caused by antibiotics, corroborating its mitigation effects on the toxicity of antibiotics. The disturbance of HA on the pathway of ABC transporters inhibited the internalization of RTM, thus decreasing its toxicity. This study underscores the significance of NOMs in mediating the toxicity of organic pollutants to aquatic organisms in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao You
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiuqi You
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Jingrun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yitao Lyu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Carata E, Tenuzzo BA, Mariano S, Setini A, Fidaleo M, Dini L. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Genotoxicity and alteration of the Gene Regulatory Network expression during Paracentrotus lividus development in the presence of carbon nanoparticles. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:257. [PMID: 35415079 PMCID: PMC8960529 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Dellali M, Khallouli A, Harrath AH, Falodah F, Alwasel S, Beyrem H, Gyedu-Ababio T, Rohal-Lupher M, Boufahja F. Effects of Au/TiO 2 metallic nanoparticles on Unio ravoisieri: assessment through an oxidative stress and toxicity biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:18176-18185. [PMID: 33410041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been performed on the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic life. However, most of them investigated marine organisms, not freshwater organisms. This study investigated biomarker responses after exposure for 48 h and 7 days to newly made gold and titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) (100 and 200 μg·L-1) using the freshwater bivalve mussel Unio ravoisieri. Biochemical analysis of the gills and digestive glands showed induction of oxidative stress following exposure of the bivalve to Au/TiO2 MNPs. After 2 or 7 days of exposure to Au/TiO2 MNPs, both utilized concentrations of Au/TiO2 MNPs induce an overproduction of H2O2. Catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities and the malonedialdehyde content significantly increased in the presence of Au/TiO2 MNPs, depending on the concentration and target organ. In contrast, acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly inhibited, indicating a discernible disturbance of the cholinergic system in the presence of Au/TiO2 MNPs. The behavior of the freshwater mussel was altered by reducing the clearance rate. Therefore, U. ravoisieri can be used as a model species in laboratory studies to mirror the presence of MNPs, and the biomarker approach is important for detecting the effects of Au/TiO2 MNPs. In addition, digestive gland is the target organ of Au/TiO2NPs contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dellali
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Altaf Khallouli
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Falodah
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | | | - Melissa Rohal-Lupher
- Texas Water Development Board, 1700 North Congress Avenue, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Fehmi Boufahja
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia.
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Zha S, Rong J, Guan X, Tang Y, Han Y, Liu G. Immunotoxicity of four nanoparticles to a marine bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:237-248. [PMID: 31170572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of nanomaterials drives the unintentional release of nanoparticles (NPs) into the ocean, which may pose a potential threat to marine organisms. It has been demonstrated that exposure to NPs could chanllenge the immune responses of marine species. However, the affecting mechanism behind remains poorly understood. In this study, the immunotoxic impacts and the mechanisms underpinning the effects of four major NPs, including nZnO, nFe2O3, nCuO, and carbon nanotube (MWCNT), were investigated in blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. The results showed that exposure to tested NPs resulted in reduced total counts, altered cell composition, and constrained phagocytic activities of haemocytes. The intracellular contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the degree of DNA damage of haemocytes were significantly induced, whereas the haemocyte viability was suppressed. Furthermore, NP exposures led to significant increases in the in vivo contents of neurotransmitters. Down-regulations of the immune- and neurotransmitter-related genes were detected as well. Our data suggest that NP exposures hampered the immune responses of blood clams most likely through (1) inducing ROS, causing DNA damage, and reducing cell viability of haemocytes, (2) altering the in vivo contents of neurotransmitters, and (3) affecting the expression of immune- and neurotransmitter-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Guan X, Tang Y, Zha S, Han Y, Shi W, Ren P, Yan M, Pan Q, Hu Y, Fang J, Zhang J, Liu G. Exogenous Ca 2+ mitigates the toxic effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles on phagocytosis, cell viability, and apoptosis in haemocytes of a marine bivalve mollusk, Tegillarca granosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1764-1771. [PMID: 31295695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis suppression induced by nanoparticles (NPs) exposure is increasingly reported in marine species. However, the mechanisms underlying this impact remain poorly understood. In order to improve our present understanding of the immunotoxicity of NPs, acute (96 h) TiO2 NP exposure and rescue trials via exogenous supply of Ca2+ were performed in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. The results show that the phagocytosis rate, cell viability, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of haemocytes were significantly suppressed, whereas the intracellular ROS concentration of haemocytes significantly increased upon nTiO2 exposure. Exposure to nTiO2 also led to the significant downregulation of Caspase-3, Caspase-6, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X, calmodulin kinase II, and calmodulin kinase kinase II. Furthermore, the toxic impacts of nTiO2 were partially mitigated by the addition of exogenous Ca2+, as indicated by the recovery tendency in almost all the measured parameters. The present study indicates that Ca2+ signaling could be one of the key pathways through which nTiO2 attacks phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Qicun Pan
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Jiongming Zhang
- Mariculture Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325005, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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7
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Ocean acidification increases the accumulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO 2) in edible bivalve mollusks and poses a potential threat to seafood safety. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3516. [PMID: 30837670 PMCID: PMC6401146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere are taken up by the ocean, which leads to ‘ocean acidification’ (OA). In addition, the increasing application of nanoparticles inevitably leads to their increased release into the aquatic environment. However, the impact of OA on the bioaccumulation of nanoparticles in marine organisms still remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of OA on the bioaccumulation of a model nanoparticle, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), in three edible bivalves. All species tested accumulated significantly greater amount of nTiO2 in pCO2-acidified seawater. Furthermore, the potential health threats of realistic nTiO2 quantities accumulated in bivalves under future OA scenarios were evaluated with a mouse assay, which revealed evident organ edema and alterations in hematologic indices and blood chemistry values under future OA scenario (pH at 7.4). Overall, this study suggests that OA would enhance the accumulation of nTiO2 in edible bivalves and may therefore increase the health risk for seafood consumers.
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Hwang G, Gomez-Flores A, Bradford SA, Choi S, Jo E, Kim SB, Tong M, Kim H. Analysis of stability behavior of carbon black nanoparticles in ecotoxicological media: Hydrophobic and steric effects. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ding T, Lin K, Chen J, Hu Q, Yang B, Li J, Gan J. Causes and mechanisms on the toxicity of layered double hydroxide (LDH) to green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1004-1011. [PMID: 29710556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are widely used nanomaterials in industrial catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and environmental remediation, and may pose potential negative effects in the aquatic environment. However, little information is available on their toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this study, toxicity of LDH to a typical freshwater green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda was systematically investigated and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated. The growth of S. quadricauda was significantly inhibited by LDH at 72 h with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 10.0 and 1.5 mg L-1, respectively. Shading effect was observed, and the photosynthetic activity and cellular chlorophyll production were also severely suppressed by LDH. LDH also enhanced the reactive oxygen species production from S. quadricauda and lipid peroxidation in algal cells. Such algal toxicity of LDH might be mainly induced by the shading effect, agglomeration and physical interactions, and oxidative stress. The agglomeration and physical interactions contributed more to the algal toxicity at 72 h-EC50 LDH concentrations. The results from the present study provided new insights and a better understanding of the environmental behavior and adverse effects of LDHs in the surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Core Facilities, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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Guan X, Shi W, Zha S, Rong J, Su W, Liu G. Neurotoxic impact of acute TiO 2 nanoparticle exposure on a benthic marine bivalve mollusk, Tegillarca granosa. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:241-246. [PMID: 29778933 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of nanoparticles (NPs) into the ocean inevitably poses a threat to marine organisms. However, to date, the neurotoxic effects of NPs remains poorly understood in marine bivalve species. Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding of the physiological effects of NPs, the impact of acute (96 h) TiO2 NP exposure on the in vivo concentrations of three major neurotransmitters, the activity of AChE, and the expression of neurotransmitter-related genes was investigated in the blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. The obtained results showed that the in vivo concentrations of the three tested neurotransmitters (DA, GABA, and ACh) were significantly increased when exposed to relatively high doses of TiO2 NPs (1 mg/L for DA and 10 mg/L for ACh and GABA). Additionally, clams exposed to seawater contaminated with TiO2 NP had significantly lower AChE activity. In addition, the expression of genes encoding modulatory enzymes (AChE, GABAT, and MAO) and receptors (mAChR3, GABAD, and DRD3) for the neurotransmitters tested were all significantly down-regulated after TiO2 NP exposure. Therefore, this study has demonstrated the evident neurotoxic impact of TiO2 NPs in T. granosa, which may have significant consequences for a number of the organism's physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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11
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Andreani T, Nogueira V, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Rasteiro MG, Silva AM, Pereira R, Pereira CM. Influence of the stabilizers on the toxicity of metallic nanomaterials in aquatic organisms and human cell lines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1264-1277. [PMID: 28732404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, following a systematic approach, we used aquatic species (bacteria Vibrio fischeri and microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata) and different human cell lines (Caco-2, HepG2, SV-80 and HaCaT) representing different tissues and exposure pathways, to investigate how two organic stabilizers (PVA and DMSO) used for NMs dispersion influence their physicochemical properties, the persistence of metals in suspension and the toxicity/ecotoxicity of two metallic NMs (nano-Ag and nano-Cu). Although the stabilizers are expected to contribute to improve the dispersion and stability of NMs, the results obtained clearly showed that no similar changes in toxicity and morphological properties of the nano-Ag can be expected after its stabilization with PVA. Thus, regarding human cell lines, the reduction in the average size of the PVA-nano-Ag was followed by a reduction or maintenance of its toxicity, but the opposite was observed for the aquatic species tested since an increase in the average size enhanced its toxicity. As far as nano-Cu is considered DMSO contributed for a better dispersion of this nanomaterial, however this was not translated in a similar toxicity/ecotoxicity modification. In summary, even for nano-Cu, for which few or no data exists regarding its toxicity after stabilization with organic compounds, it was confirmed with consistent data, that the toxicity of metallic NMs is a complex combination of average size, chemical composition, solubilization or persistence in suspension of the metallic forms, interaction with test medium components and sensitivity of test species and cell lines. The combination of all of these factors makes the toxicity of metallic NMs unpredictable and points for the need of an extensive evaluation of each new formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera V Pinto
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões - Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões - Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Rasteiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- CITAB - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Sendra M, Moreno-Garrido I, Yeste MP, Gatica JM, Blasco J. Toxicity of TiO 2, in nanoparticle or bulk form to freshwater and marine microalgae under visible light and UV-A radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:39-48. [PMID: 28454020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has become a part of our daily life and the high environmental concentrations predicted to accumulate in aquatic ecosystems are cause for concern. Although TiO2 has only limited reactivity, at the nanoscale level its physico-chemical properties and toxicity are different compared with bulk material. Phytoplankton is a key trophic level in fresh and marine ecosystems, and the toxicity provoked by these nanoparticles can affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Two microalgae species, one freshwater (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and the other marine (Phaeodactylum tricornutum), have been selected for testing the toxicity of TiO2 in NP and conventional bulk form and, given its photo-catalytic properties, the effect of UV-A was also checked. Growth inhibition, quantum yield reduction, increase of intracellular ROS production, membrane cell damage and production of exo-polymeric substances (EPS) were selected as variables to measure. TiO2 NPs and bulk TiO2 show a relationship between the size of agglomerates and time in freshwater and saltwater, but not in ultrapure water. Under two treatments, UV-A (6 h per day) and no UV-A exposure, NPs triggered stronger cytotoxic responses than bulk material. TiO2 NPs were also associated with greater production of reactive oxygen species and damage to membrane. However, microalgae exposed to TiO2 NPs and bulk TiO2 under UV-A were found to be more sensitive than in the visible light condition. The marine species (P. tricornutum) was more sensitive than the freshwater species, and higher Ti internalization was measured. Exopolymeric substances (EPS) were released from microalgae in the culture media, in the presence of TiO2 in both forms. This may be a possible defense mechanism by these cells, which would enhance processes of homoagglomeration and settling, and thus reduce bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sendra
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - I Moreno-Garrido
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M P Yeste
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Gatica
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río S. Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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13
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Shi W, Han Y, Guo C, Zhao X, Liu S, Su W, Zha S, Wang Y, Liu G. Immunotoxicity of nanoparticle nTiO 2 to a commercial marine bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:300-306. [PMID: 28522418 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and extensive application of nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably leads to increased release of NPs into the marine environment and therefore poses a potential threat to marine organisms, especially the sessile benthic bivalves. However, the impacts of NPs on the immunity of commercial and ecological important bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa, still remain unknown to date. In addition, the molecular mechanism of the immunotoxicity of NPs still remains unclear in marine invertebrates. Therefore, the immunotoxicity of nTiO2 exposure to T. granosa at environmental realistic concentrations was investigated in the present study. Results obtained showed that the total number, phagocytic activity, and red granulocytes ratio of the haemocytes were significantly reduced after 30 days nTiO2 exposures at the concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/L. Furthermore, the expressions of genes encoding Pattern Recognition Receptors (PPRs) and downstream immune-related molecules were significantly down-regulated by nTiO2 exposures, indicating a reduced sensitivity to pathogen challenges. In conclusion, evident immunotoxicity of nTiO2 to T. granosa at environmental realistic concentrations was detected by the present study. In addition, the gene expression analysis suggests that the PRRs (both TLRs and RIG1 investigated) may be the molecules for NPs recognition in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Saixi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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14
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Khan NS, Dixit AK, Mehta R. Nanoparticle Toxicity in Water, Soil, Microbes, Plant and Animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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15
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Schwab F, Zhai G, Kern M, Turner A, Schnoor JL, Wiesner MR. Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:257-78. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1048326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Schwab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, and
| | - Guangshu Zhai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Meaghan Kern
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amalia Turner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, and
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark R. Wiesner
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA,
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, USA, and
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16
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Mesarič T, Sepčić K, Drobne D, Makovec D, Faimali M, Morgana S, Falugi C, Gambardella C. Sperm exposure to carbon-based nanomaterials causes abnormalities in early development of purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 163:158-166. [PMID: 25897690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined egg fertilisation in purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) after sperm exposure to carbon-based nanomaterials, carbon black (CB) and graphene oxide (GO), from 0.0001 mg/L to 1.0mg/L. Gastrula stage embryos were investigated for acetylcholinesterase and propionylcholinesterase activities, and their morphological characteristics. Plutei were analysed for morphological abnormalities, with emphasis on skeletal rod formation. Egg fertilisation was significantly affected by CB, at all concentrations tested. Loss of cell adhesion at the gastrula surface was observed in eggs fertilised with sperm treated with CB. However, concentration-dependent morphological anomalies were observed in the gastrulae and plutei formed after sperm exposure to either CB or GO. The activities of both cholinesterases decreased in the gastrulae, although not in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects appear to arise from physical interactions between these carbon-based nanomaterials and the sperm, whereby nanomaterials attached to the sperm surface interfere with fertilisation, which leads to disturbances in the signalling pathways of early embryonic development. Reduced cholinesterase activity in gastrulae from eggs fertilised with nanomaterial-treated sperm confirms involvement of the cholinergic system in early sea urchin development, including skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mesarič
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darko Makovec
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute Jožef Stefan, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marco Faimali
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council, Genova, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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17
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Tao X, Yu Y, Fortner JD, He Y, Chen Y, Hughes JB. Effects of aqueous stable fullerene nanocrystal (nC60) on Scenedesmus obliquus: evaluation of the sub-lethal photosynthetic responses and inhibition mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 122:162-167. [PMID: 25479812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding sub-lethal effects of nanomaterial may be particularly important to determining ecosystem responses as current levels of nanomaterial release are low compared to levels projected for the future. In this work, the sub-lethal effects of water stable, nanocrystalline fullerenes as C60 (termed nC60) were studied on Scenedesmusobliquus, a globally distributed phytoplankton. Sub-lethal concentration for S. obliquus was firstly determined as 0.09mgL(-1) using the standard 72h exposure tests (OECD Guideline 201). Subsequent sub-lethal experiment of nC60 on the S. obliquus was carried out for 60d and focused on the photosynthesis processes. The results demonstrate that upon sub-lethal exposure, the photosynthetic products of polysaccharide, soluble protein and total lipid were decreased with exposure time. The photosynthetic pigments of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were negatively impacted. Further investigations indicate that the decrements in photosynthetic products and pigments were mainly due to the algal Mg(2+) decrement (by 40%) at the sub-lethal concentration (0.09mgL(-1)) of nC60. The decrement in Mg(2+) of S. obliquus was due to the inhibition of Mg(2+)-ATPase activity caused by nC60. Sum up, these results not only describe the sub-lethal effects but also provide the probably mechanism for sub-lethal effects of nC60 on exposed S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianji Tao
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center in Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yanxiang Yu
- Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center in Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - John D Fortner
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Joseph B Hughes
- College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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18
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Choi MH, Hwang Y, Lee HU, Kim B, Lee GW, Oh YK, Andersen HR, Lee YC, Huh YS. Aquatic ecotoxicity effect of engineered aminoclay nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 102:34-41. [PMID: 24580819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the short term aquatic ecotoxicity of water-solubilized aminoclay nanoparticles (ANPs) of ~51±31 nm average hydrodynamic diameter was characterized. An ecotoxicological evaluation was carried out utilizing standard test organisms of different phyla and trophic levels namely the eukaryotic microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the bioluminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fisheri. The effective inhibitory concentration (EC50) with 95% confidence limits for the microalga was 1.29 mg/L (0.72-1.82) for the average growth rate and 0.26 mg/L (0.23-0.31) for the cell yield. The entrapping of algal cells in aggregates of ANP may play a major role in the growth inhibition of algae P. subcapitata. No inhibition was observed for V. fisheri up to 25,000 mg/L (no observed effect concentration; NOEC). For D. magna no immobilization was observed in a limit test with 100 mg/L in 24 h while in 48 h a single animal was immobilized (5% inhibition). Correspondingly, the NOEC of ANP in 24 h was 100 mg/L and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for 48 h was 100 mg/L. Therefore it can be considered to use ANP as an algal-inhibition agent at concentrations <100 mg/L without affecting or only mildly affecting other organisms including zooplanktons, but further studies on the environmental fate and chronic toxicity of ANP is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetology, Graduate School of Industry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hyun Uk Lee
- Division of Materials Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwa Kim
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Lee
- Testing and Certification Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kwan Oh
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, B113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (BK21 program), KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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19
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Long Z, Ji J, Yang K, Lin D, Wu F. Systematic and quantitative investigation of the mechanism of carbon nanotubes' toxicity toward algae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8458-8466. [PMID: 22759191 DOI: 10.1021/es301802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent with the increasing production and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) comes an increasing likelihood of CNTs presenting in the aquatic environment, and thereby potentially threatening aquatic organisms via toxic mechanisms that are, at present, poorly understood. This study systematically investigated the toxicity of three multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) samples toward a green alga (Chlorella sp.), focusing on examining and quantifying the contributions of five possible mechanisms to the algal growth inhibition. The results showed that the MWCNTs significantly inhibited the algal growth. The contribution of metal catalyst residues in the MWCNTs to the algal growth inhibition was negligible, as was the contribution from the MWCNTs' adsorption of nutrient elements. The algal toxicity of MWCNTs could mainly be explained by the combined effects of oxidative stress, agglomeration and physical interactions, and shading effects, with the quantitative contributions from these mechanisms depending on the MWCNT size and concentration. At MWCNT concentrations around 96 h IC(50), the oxidative stress accounted for approximately 50% of the algal growth inhibition, whereas the agglomeration and physical interactions, and the shading effects each took approximately 25% of the responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Long
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Smita S, Gupta SK, Bartonova A, Dusinska M, Gutleb AC, Rahman Q. Nanoparticles in the environment: assessment using the causal diagram approach. Environ Health 2012; 11 Suppl 1:S13. [PMID: 22759495 PMCID: PMC3388445 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-s1-s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) cause concern for health and safety as their impact on the environment and humans is not known. Relatively few studies have investigated the toxicological and environmental effects of exposure to naturally occurring NPs (NNPs) and man-made or engineered NPs (ENPs) that are known to have a wide variety of effects once taken up into an organism. A review of recent knowledge (between 2000-2010) on NP sources, and their behaviour, exposure and effects on the environment and humans was performed. An integrated approach was used to comprise available scientific information within an interdisciplinary logical framework, to identify knowledge gaps and to describe environment and health linkages for NNPs and ENPs. The causal diagram has been developed as a method to handle the complexity of issues on NP safety, from their exposure to the effects on the environment and health. It gives an overview of available scientific information starting with common sources of NPs and their interactions with various environmental processes that may pose threats to both human health and the environment. Effects of NNPs on dust cloud formation and decrease in sunlight intensity were found to be important environmental changes with direct and indirect implication in various human health problems. NNPs and ENPs exposure and their accumulation in biological matrices such as microbiota, plants and humans may result in various adverse effects. The impact of some NPs on human health by ROS generation was found to be one of the major causes to develop various diseases. A proposed cause-effects diagram for NPs is designed considering both NNPs and ENPs. It represents a valuable information package and user-friendly tool for various stakeholders including students, researchers and policy makers, to better understand and communicate on issues related to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita
- Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Lucknow-226010, U.P., India
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Alena Bartonova
- NILU - Norwegian Institute of Air Research POB 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU - Norwegian Institute of Air Research POB 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
- Slovak Medical University, Department of Experimental and Applied Genetics, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public – Gabriel Lippmann, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Qamar Rahman
- Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Viraj Khand 5, Lucknow-226010, U.P., India
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Handy RD, van den Brink N, Chappell M, Mühling M, Behra R, Dušinská M, Simpson P, Ahtiainen J, Jha AN, Seiter J, Bednar A, Kennedy A, Fernandes TF, Riediker M. Practical considerations for conducting ecotoxicity test methods with manufactured nanomaterials: what have we learnt so far? ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:933-72. [PMID: 22422174 PMCID: PMC3325413 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review paper reports the consensus of a technical workshop hosted by the European network, NanoImpactNet (NIN). The workshop aimed to review the collective experience of working at the bench with manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs), and to recommend modifications to existing experimental methods and OECD protocols. Current procedures for cleaning glassware are appropriate for most MNMs, although interference with electrodes may occur. Maintaining exposure is more difficult with MNMs compared to conventional chemicals. A metal salt control is recommended for experiments with metallic MNMs that may release free metal ions. Dispersing agents should be avoided, but if they must be used, then natural or synthetic dispersing agents are possible, and dispersion controls essential. Time constraints and technology gaps indicate that full characterisation of test media during ecotoxicity tests is currently not practical. Details of electron microscopy, dark-field microscopy, a range of spectroscopic methods (EDX, XRD, XANES, EXAFS), light scattering techniques (DLS, SLS) and chromatography are discussed. The development of user-friendly software to predict particle behaviour in test media according to DLVO theory is in progress, and simple optical methods are available to estimate the settling behaviour of suspensions during experiments. However, for soil matrices such simple approaches may not be applicable. Alternatively, a Critical Body Residue approach may be taken in which body concentrations in organisms are related to effects, and toxicity thresholds derived. For microbial assays, the cell wall is a formidable barrier to MNMs and end points that rely on the test substance penetrating the cell may be insensitive. Instead assays based on the cell envelope should be developed for MNMs. In algal growth tests, the abiotic factors that promote particle aggregation in the media (e.g. ionic strength) are also important in providing nutrients, and manipulation of the media to control the dispersion may also inhibit growth. Controls to quantify shading effects, and precise details of lighting regimes, shaking or mixing should be reported in algal tests. Photosynthesis may be more sensitive than traditional growth end points for algae and plants. Tests with invertebrates should consider non-chemical toxicity from particle adherence to the organisms. The use of semi-static exposure methods with fish can reduce the logistical issues of waste water disposal and facilitate aspects of animal husbandry relevant to MMNs. There are concerns that the existing bioaccumulation tests are conceptually flawed for MNMs and that new test(s) are required. In vitro testing strategies, as exemplified by genotoxicity assays, can be modified for MNMs, but the risk of false negatives in some assays is highlighted. In conclusion, most protocols will require some modifications and recommendations are made to aid the researcher at the bench.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Handy
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical & Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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22
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Handy RD, Cornelis G, Fernandes T, Tsyusko O, Decho A, Sabo-Attwood T, Metcalfe C, Steevens JA, Klaine SJ, Koelmans AA, Horne N. Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: practical experiences and recommendations from the bench. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:15-31. [PMID: 22002667 DOI: 10.1002/etc.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicology research is using many methods for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), but the collective experience from researchers has not been documented. This paper reports the practical issues for working with ENMs and suggests nano-specific modifications to protocols. The review considers generic practical issues, as well as specific issues for aquatic tests, marine grazers, soil organisms, and bioaccumulation studies. Current procedures for cleaning glassware are adequate, but electrodes are problematic. The maintenance of exposure concentration is challenging, but can be achieved with some ENMs. The need to characterize the media during experiments is identified, but rapid analytical methods are not available to do this. The use of sonication and natural/synthetic dispersants are discussed. Nano-specific biological endpoints may be developed for a tiered monitoring scheme to diagnose ENM exposure or effect. A case study of the algal growth test highlights many small deviations in current regulatory test protocols that are allowed (shaking, lighting, mixing methods), but these should be standardized for ENMs. Invertebrate (Daphnia) tests should account for mechanical toxicity of ENMs. Fish tests should consider semistatic exposure to minimize wastewater and animal husbandry. The inclusion of a benthic test is recommended for the base set of ecotoxicity tests with ENMs. The sensitivity of soil tests needs to be increased for ENMs and shortened for logistics reasons; improvements include using Caenorhabditis elegans, aquatic media, and metabolism endpoints in the plant growth tests. The existing bioaccumulation tests are conceptually flawed and require considerable modification, or a new test, to work for ENMs. Overall, most methodologies need some amendments, and recommendations are made to assist researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Handy
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical & Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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23
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Schwab F, Bucheli TD, Lukhele LP, Magrez A, Nowack B, Sigg L, Knauer K. Are carbon nanotube effects on green algae caused by shading and agglomeration? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6136-6144. [PMID: 21702508 DOI: 10.1021/es200506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to growing production, carbon nanotubes (CNT) may soon be found in a broad range of products and thus in the environment. In this work, an algal growth test was developed to determine effects of pristine and oxidized CNT on the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. CNT suspensions were prepared in algal test medium and characterized taking into account the suspension age, the reduced light transmittance of nanoparticle suspensions defined as shading of CNT and quantified by UV/vis spectroscopy, and the agglomeration of the CNT and of the algal cells. Growth inhibition and photosynthetic activity were investigated as end points. Growth of C. vulgaris was inhibited with effect concentrations of 50% (EC(50)) values of 1.8 mg CNT/L and of 24 mg CNT/L in well dispersed and in agglomerated suspensions, respectively, and 20 mg CNT/L and 36 mg CNT/L for P. subcapitata, respectively. However, the photosynthetic activity was not affected. Growth inhibition was highly correlated with the shading of CNT and the agglomeration of algal cells. This suggests that the reduced algal growth might be caused mainly by indirect effects, i.e. by reduced availability of light and different growth conditions caused by the locally elevated algal concentration inside of CNT agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Schwab
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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24
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Matorin DN, Karateyeva AV, Osipov VA, Lukashev EP, Seifullina NK, Rubin AB. Influence of carbon nanotubes on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s199507801005006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Navarro E, Baun A, Behra R, Hartmann NB, Filser J, Miao AJ, Quigg A, Santschi PH, Sigg L. Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles to algae, plants, and fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2008; 17:372-86. [PMID: 18461442 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Developments in nanotechnology are leading to a rapid proliferation of new materials that are likely to become a source of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to the environment, where their possible ecotoxicological impacts remain unknown. The surface properties of ENPs are of essential importance for their aggregation behavior, and thus for their mobility in aquatic and terrestrial systems and for their interactions with algae, plants and, fungi. Interactions of ENPs with natural organic matter have to be considered as well, as those will alter the ENPs aggregation behavior in surface waters or in soils. Cells of plants, algae, and fungi possess cell walls that constitute a primary site for interaction and a barrier for the entrance of ENPs. Mechanisms allowing ENPs to pass through cell walls and membranes are as yet poorly understood. Inside cells, ENPs might directly provoke alterations of membranes and other cell structures and molecules, as well as protective mechanisms. Indirect effects of ENPs depend on their chemical and physical properties and may include physical restraints (clogging effects), solubilization of toxic ENP compounds, or production of reactive oxygen species. Many questions regarding the bioavailability of ENPs, their uptake by algae, plants, and fungi and the toxicity mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Navarro
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133, Dubendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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