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McGovern R, Balogun-Katung A, Artis B, Bareham B, Spencer L, Alderson H, Brown E, Brown J, Lingam R, McArdle P, Newham JJ, Wojciechowska A, Rankin J, Redgate S, Thomason P, Kaner E. The Effectiveness of Preventative Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Problems in at-risk Children and Young People: A Systematic Review of Reviews. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:651-684. [PMID: 38884876 PMCID: PMC11271346 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Mental health problems are the leading cause of childhood disability worldwide, resulting in poor outcomes for children and young people that persist into adulthood. It is essential that those young people most at risk of developing mental health problems receive effective preventative interventions. Whilst there have been a number of systematic reviews which have examined the effectiveness of secondary prevention interventions for specific groups of children and young people, or to address identified mental health concerns, no review has engaged with the breadth of this literature. We conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews to map this complex field of secondary preventative interventions and identify effective interventions to prevent mental health problems in children and adolescents aged 3-17 years. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO. We searched five electronic databases from inception to February 2023. The certainty of the evidence was appraised using the AMSTAR 2. We included 49 unique systematic reviews each including between 2 and 249 (mean 34) unique studies; the majority of which were reviews which included only or mostly randomised controlled trials (70%). The reviews examined selective interventions (defined as interventions which are delivered to sub-group populations of young people at increased risk of mental health problems) (n = 22), indicated interventions (defined as interventions which target young people who are found to have pre-clinical symptoms) (n = 15) or a synthesis of both (n = 12). The certainty of the evidence in the reviews was rated as high, (n = 12) moderate (n = 5), low (n = 9) and critically low (n = 23). We found evidence to support both selective and indicated interventions in a range of populations and settings, with most of this evidence available for children and young people in their mid-years (6-10 years) and early adolescence (11-13 years). There was a large body of evidence suggesting that resilience enhancing, cognitive behaviour therapy-based and psychoeducational interventions for children who experience adversity, or those with subclinical externalising problems may offer promise. Early selective interventions for a subpopulation of children and young people who have experienced adversity which combines risk reduction and resilience enhancing approaches directed at children and their families may be effective at reducing mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - A Balogun-Katung
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - B Artis
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - B Bareham
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - L Spencer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - H Alderson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - E Brown
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - J Brown
- Children's Social Care, Newcastle City Council, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Lingam
- Population Child Health Research Group, School of Women and Children's Health, University New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P McArdle
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J J Newham
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Wojciechowska
- Disabilities Integrated Team at the Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - S Redgate
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - P Thomason
- Children's Social Care, Gateshead Council, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - E Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
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2
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Eisenberg N, Hernández MM, Zuffianò A, Spinrad TL. The relevance of top-down self-regulation for children's and adolescents' developmental outcomes. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 58:101847. [PMID: 39084055 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
A popular topic in developmental science is self-regulation, an aspect of functioning viewed as contributing to optimal development. Of particular theoretical importance is top-down (frontal cortically based) self-regulation (TDSR). This article briefly reviews recent research on TDSR's relation to four areas of development: maladjustment, social competence, prosocial development, and academic development. Recent studies on the topic often involve sophisticated methods and designs; moreover, several relevant meta-analyses have been published in the recent past. In general, a higher level of TDSR has been associated with better adjustment, social competence, prosociality, and success in the school setting. Limitations in the research and extant meta-analyses are briefly noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Zuffianò
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tracy L Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, USA
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3
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Spicer L. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for prolonged grief: theory, research, and practice. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1357390. [PMID: 38686121 PMCID: PMC11056564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1357390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged Grief Disorder occurs within 7-10% of the bereaved population and is a more complicated and persistent form of grief which has been associated with suicidality, mental health disorders, sleep disturbance, poor health behaviors, and work and social impairment. EMDR is a fitting treatment option for those with Prolonged Grief, focusing on processing past memories, blocks, current triggers, future fears, and preparing the person for living life beyond the loss in line with the Adaptive Information Processing Model and grief frameworks. This paper discusses the theory, research regarding the application of EMDR with prolonged grief, and gives insight and guidance to clinicians working in this area including a case example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Spicer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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4
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Halliburton AE, Murray DW, Ridenour TA. Interplay Among Self-Regulation Processes Over Time for Adolescents in the Context of Chronic Stress. JOURNAL OF COGNITION AND DEVELOPMENT 2024; 25:386-407. [PMID: 39149413 PMCID: PMC11323049 DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2023.2295894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Developmental changes in self-regulation are theorized to underlie adolescents' engagement in risky behaviors, physical health, mental health, and transition to adulthood. Two central processes involved in self-regulation, self-management (i.e., planning, concentration, and problem-solving) and disinhibition (e.g., distractibility and impulsivity) appear to develop asynchronously and may be differentially activated based on contextual factors. Using a sample identified based on exposure to chronic stressors, we investigated how changes in self-management and disinhibition affect each other over time and whether these changes occur differently for boys and girls. Youth aged 8-16 (N = 708) who attended a U.S. summer camp self-reported on components of disinhibition and self-management. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling revealed a reciprocal relationship between self-management and disinhibition, with anger coping and distractibility emerging as critical factors in shaping this relationship. Changes in concentration, planning, and problem-solving were components of self-management that drove subsequent changes in boys' disinhibition (for girls, however, planning did not). Autocorrelations for both broad processes remained strong from year to year, indicating a high degree of stability in rank order despite the myriad of physical, cognitive and socioemotional changes that occur during adolescence. We discuss implications of the reciprocal model with a focus on the relative pliability of components from each process and strategies for shaping them. Planning, concentration and distractibility are highlighted as potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Halliburton
- Department of Psychological Science, University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, GA, USA
| | - Desiree W Murray
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ty A Ridenour
- Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Fuentealba-Urra S, Rubio A, González-Carrasco M, Oyanedel JC, Céspedes-Carreno C. Mediation effect of emotional self-regulation in the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being in Chilean adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13386. [PMID: 37591897 PMCID: PMC10435534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents' subjective well-being and physical activity have been found to be correlated in previous studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship, especially the potential contribution of emotional self-regulation, have received little attention. This study aims to investigate the extent to which emotional self-regulation mediates the association between adolescent physical activity habits and their subjective well-being. The study involved 9585 adolescents who completed a cross-sectional survey. Participants were aged between 10 and 19 years old and attended primary and secondary schools in all 16 regions of Chile. The survey utilized a self-report questionnaire to measure physical activity habits, subjective well-being, and emotional self-regulation. Sociodemographic variables, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic level, were also considered in the analysis. The results showed that physical activity habits, emotional regulation, and subjective well-being were positively correlated. Among these factors, the strongest association was found between subjective well-being and emotional self-regulation. The mediation analysis revealed a partial mediation effect of emotional self-regulation between physical activity habits and subjective well-being. In other words, physical activity habits affect subjective well-being to the extent that these habits affect emotional self-regulation. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the link between physical activity habits and subjective well-being among adolescents. They also offer useful information for the development of public programs and policies aimed at promoting physical activity habits and subjective well-being in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fuentealba-Urra
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Andrés Rubio
- Facultad de Economia y Negocios, Universidad Andres Bello, Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Carlos Oyanedel
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andres Bello, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
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6
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Creating Inclusive Classrooms for Highly Dysregulated Students: What Can We Learn from Existing Literature? EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to self-regulate is a key focus for educators, especially for neurodivergent students, such as those with ADHD, fetal alcohol syndrome, mental health difficulties, autism, and/or anxiety. Students not being able to self-regulate frequently results in their behaviours being labelled as “naughty” or “challenging” by teachers. Continued dysregulation can lead to periods of suspension and exclusion, impacting both attendance rates for students and their broader families. Previous research has shown that the impacts of poor self-regulation can be wide-ranging, spanning both social and academic outcomes. The broad negative impact of poor self-regulation means that it is important to support families and classroom teachers to effectively improve children’s self-regulation. However, to support families and educators, there is a need to develop and deploy a theoretical framework to suggest why self-regulation may be under-developed and, conversely, how self-regulation may be effectively developed across a wide range of contexts. This paper considers current literature exploring the links between individual experiences of emotions and connections with core abilities of interoception, self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and metacognition. It outlines a hypothesised model of how these abilities intertwine and how supporting core building blocks within educational settings can enable supportive and inclusive educational contexts, providing positive experiences for students and teachers alike.
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Harrison L, Sharma N, Irfan O, Zaman M, Vaivada T, Bhutta ZA. Mental Health and Positive Development Prevention Interventions: Overview of Systematic Reviews. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186940. [PMID: 35503329 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053852g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous reviews of mental health interventions have focused on adolescents (10-19 years), with a paucity of comprehensive evidence syntheses on preventive interventions for school-aged children (5-10 years). OBJECTIVE To summarize and synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews of mental health and positive development interventions for children aged 5-14.9 years in both high-income (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with a focus on preventive and promotive strategies. DATA SOURCES This overview includes all relevant reviews from OVID Medline, The Cochrane Library, and Campbell Systematic Reviews through December 2020. STUDY SELECTION We included systematic reviews that synthesized empirical studies using experimental or quasi-experimental designs to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in children aged 5-14.9 years. DATA EXTRACTION Data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently and in duplicate by two review authors. The AMSTAR2 tool was used to assess methodological quality. RESULTS We included 162 reviews. The greatest evidence was found in support of school-based universal and anti-bullying interventions in predominantly HIC. Moderate evidence was found for the use of substance abuse prevention, and early learning and positive development interventions in mixed settings. In LMIC-only contexts, the most promising evidence was found for positive youth development programs. LIMITATIONS The review was primarily limited by paucity of high-quality research due to methodological issues and high heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This overview of reviews highlights the need for further research to consolidate findings and understand the specific criteria involved in creating positive mental health and development outcomes from the various interventions considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Harrison
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naeha Sharma
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Irfan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Zaman
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Vaivada
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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8
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Self-Regulation and Students Well-Being: A Systematic Review 2010–2020. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been particular interest in studying the relationship between student self-regulation and variables such as students’ well-being, satisfaction, and school engagement. Although in other fields such as healthcare, self-regulation in different areas seems to influence individuals’ well-being, this is not so well established in the educational arena. We performed a systematic search of research articles published between 2010 and 2020 which explored the relationships between self-regulation and student well-being. The present article presents a report of a systematic review of 14 research articles. The analysis showed that some executive functions and self-regulation strategies employed in the learning process, and some self-regulatory deficits are significantly associated with different dimensions of student well-being.
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9
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Murray DW, Kurian J, Soliday Hong SL, Andrade FC. Meta‐analysis of early adolescent self‐regulation interventions: Moderation by intervention and outcome type. J Adolesc 2022; 94:101-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree W. Murray
- School of Education University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jennifer Kurian
- Department of Psychology, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Psychology Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Fernanda C. Andrade
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
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Nuske HJ, Shih WI, Sparapani N, Baczewski L, Dimachkie Nunnally A, Hochheimer S, Garcia C, Castellon F, Levato L, Fischer E, Atkinson-Diaz ZL, Li J, Mandell DS, Kasari C. Self-regulation predicts companionship in children with autism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 68:889-899. [PMID: 36568619 PMCID: PMC9788710 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1917109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-regulation is associated with many positive outcomes in children with and without autism, including increased mental health and academic achievement, and decreased problem behavior. Less is known regarding whether and how self-regulation and symptoms of mental health challenges (internalizing and externalizing problems) relate to social outcomes, such as friendship quality and loneliness. Parents and teachers of 106 children with autism aged 5-12 reported on children's self-regulation difficulties and externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Four-to-five months later, children reported on the quality of their friendship with their best friend (companionship, conflict, helpfulness, sense of relationship security, closeness), and their feelings of loneliness. Linear regression was used to examine the effects of self-regulation and symptoms of mental health challenges on friendship quality and loneliness. Less self-regulation difficulties predicted stronger companionship and girls had better quality friendships with their best friend than did boys, in terms of companionship, helpfulness, security and closeness, confirming that they have a protective advantage in friendship development. Autism symptoms, IQ, and age were not associated with friendship quality or loneliness. Results highlight the importance of self-regulation and mental health interventions for school-aged children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Nuske
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wendy I. Shih
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Sparapani
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Baczewski
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Samantha Hochheimer
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Consuelo Garcia
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernanda Castellon
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne Levato
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erin Fischer
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennica Li
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David S. Mandell
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connie Kasari
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bayless AK, Wyatt TH, Raynor H. Self-Regulation in Pediatric Nursing Literature: An Evolutionary Concept Exploration. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2021; 35:RTNP-D-20-00084. [PMID: 34162760 DOI: 10.1891/rtnp-d-20-00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of self-regulation appears frequently in nursing literature. Although the concept is well developed in nonnursing theories, its application in nursing has not been explored adequately. Most nursing authors address self-regulation in one of two ways. Some publish findings without a strong theoretical understanding of self-regulation. Others publish studies using a conglomeration of theorists' self-regulatory explanations without properly contextualizing the theoretical elements for nursing practice. For this concept exploration, the authors used Rodgers, B. L. (2005). Developing nursing knowledge: Philosophical traditions and influences Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, evolutionary concept analysis method to determine the current use of self-regulation in pediatric nursing literature and trace the concept's recent development, changes, and expansion. This work provides a representation of self-regulation based on existing healthcare studies and suggests steps for concept clarification that could promote accurate use of the concept in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tami H Wyatt
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Hollie Raynor
- College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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12
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Doi S, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Association Between Serum Lipid Levels, Resilience, and Self-Esteem in Japanese Adolescents: Results From A-CHILD Study. Front Psychol 2021; 11:587164. [PMID: 33510670 PMCID: PMC7835131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that serum lipid levels independently associate with mental health problems in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between serum lipid levels and positive aspects of mental health such as resilience and self-esteem, which develop in adolescence. The aim of this study is to examine the association between serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem in Japanese adolescents. Data were pooled data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study in 2016 and 2018, a school-based, cross-sectional study in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan (N = 1,056, aged 13–14 years). Resilience of the child was assessed by caregivers, and self-esteem was self-identified via questionnaires. Serum lipid levels [total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)] were assessed in school health checkup, in addition to height and weight measurements. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the association between standardized serum lipid levels and resilience and self-esteem. LDL showed inverse association with resilience [β = −1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.39 to −0.14] after adjusting for child’s BMI, month of birth, sex, absence of parent, household income, caregiver’s mental health, and lifestyle (e.g., habits of eating, physical activity, and sleep). We also found an inverse association of total cholesterol and higher LDL cholesterol with self-esteem (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.18; β = −0.42, 95% CI = −0.83 to −0.01, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not associated with resilience and self-esteem. Among Japanese adolescent, total and LDL cholesterol may be biomarkers of resilience and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Blossom JB, Adrian MC, Stoep AV, McCauley E. Mechanisms of Change in the Prevention of Depression: An Indicated School-Based Prevention Trial at the Transition to High School. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:541-551. [PMID: 31228560 PMCID: PMC6920576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression represents a major public health concern, and prevalence increases significantly during adolescence. The high school transition may exacerbate the risk of depression for youth with pre-existing vulnerability. The High School Transition Program (HSTP) is a brief, skills-based intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in preventing depression in adolescents. The current study aimed to evaluate the theorized mechanisms of change of the HSTP intervention by testing a multiple mediation model including school attachment (SA) and self-esteem (SE) as two mediators of treatment outcomes. METHOD Students (N= 497; 61.5% girls) with elevated depressive symptoms, identified for the intervention program via an eighth-grade screening, were randomized to a brief intervention (n = 247) or the HSTP (n = 233) from 2003 to 2008. Participants completed measures at five time points. The first assessment occurred at the start of the second semester of eighth grade and the last assessment occurred at the end of ninth grade. A multiple mediation model tested whether SA and SE contributed to changes in depression for youth in the HSTP. RESULTS The mediation model, including contemporaneously assessed SE and SA, was not supported. There was evidence of sequential mediation, such that students who participated in the HSTP intervention reported higher SA, which in turn predicted improved SE, and in turn contributed to amelioration of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The HSTP intervention ameliorated depressive symptoms by targeting factors specific to the school transition (ie, SA). Results suggest youth at risk for depression may benefit from prevention efforts that enhance students' capacity to effectively manage identified environmental stressors, such as school transitions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Middle School to High School Transition Project: Depression and Substance Abuse Prevention; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00071513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Blossom
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Seattle Children's Hospital, WA.
| | - Molly C Adrian
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Seattle Children's Hospital, WA
| | | | - Elizabeth McCauley
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; Seattle Children's Hospital, WA
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14
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Hennessy EA, Johnson BT, Acabchuk RL, McCloskey K, Stewart-James J. Self-regulation mechanisms in health behavior change: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses, 2006-2017. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 14:6-42. [PMID: 31662031 PMCID: PMC7571594 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1679654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation is one primary mechanism in interventions for health behavior change and has been examined in numerous recent meta-analyses. This pre-registered meta-review (PROSPERO CRD42017074018) examined Mmeta-analyses of any intervention and health behavior/outcome were eligible if they quantitatively assessed self-regulation and appeared between January 2006 and August 2017. In total, 66 meta-analyses were ultimately eligible; 27% reported a protocol, 11% used GRADE; 58% focused on RCTs. Reviews satisfied only a moderate number of items on the AMSTAR 2 (M = 45.45%, SD = 29.57%). Only 6% of meta-analyses directly examined whether changes in self-regulation predicted the behavior change (i.e., self-efficacy and physical activity, l = 2; frequency of self-monitoring and goal attainment, l = 1; cognitive bias modification and addiction, l = 1). Meta-analyses more routinely assessed self-regulation by comparing the efficacy of intervention components (97%), such as those from behavior change taxonomies. Meta-analyses that focused on intervention components identified several as successful, including personalized feedback, goal setting, and self-monitoring; however, none were consistently successful in that each worked only for some health behaviors and with particular populations. Some components had inconclusive evidence, given that they were only examined in low- quality reviews. Future reviewers should utilize advanced methods to assess mechanisms, and study authors should report hypothesized mechanisms to facilitate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hennessy
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Blair T Johnson
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca L Acabchuk
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kiran McCloskey
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jania Stewart-James
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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15
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Newby K, Teah G, Cooke R, Li X, Brown K, Salisbury-Finch B, Kwah K, Bartle N, Curtis K, Fulton E, Parsons J, Dusseldorp E, Williams SL. Do automated digital health behaviour change interventions have a positive effect on self-efficacy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 15:140-158. [PMID: 31847702 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1705873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-efficacy is an important determinant of health behaviour. Digital interventions are a potentially acceptable and cost-effective way of delivering programmes of health behaviour change at scale. Whether behaviour change interventions work to increase self-efficacy in this context is unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify whether automated digital interventions are associated with positive changes in self-efficacy amongst non-clinical populations for five major health behaviours, and which BCTs are associated with that change. A systematic literature search identified 20 studies (n = 5624) that assessed changes in self-efficacy and were included in a random-effects meta-analysis. Interventions targeted: healthy eating (k = 4), physical activity (k = 9), sexual behaviour (k = 3) and smoking (k = 4). No interventions targeting alcohol use were identified. Overall, interventions had a small, positive effect on self-efficacy (g¯=0.190,CI[0.078;0.303]). The effect of interventions on self-efficacy did not differ as a function of health behaviour type (Q-between = 7.3704, p = .061, df = 3). Inclusion of the BCT 'information about social and environmental consequences' had a small, negative effect on self-efficacy (Δg¯=-0.297,Q=7.072,p=.008). Whilst this review indicates that digital interventions can be used to change self-efficacy, which techniques work best in this context is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Newby
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Grace Teah
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Cooke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xinru Li
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katherine Brown
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Kayleigh Kwah
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Naomi Bartle
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Kristina Curtis
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Emmie Fulton
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Joanne Parsons
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Suls J, Mogavero JN, Falzon L, Pescatello LS, Hennessy EA, Davidson KW. Health behaviour change in cardiovascular disease prevention and management: meta-review of behaviour change techniques to affect self-regulation. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 14:43-65. [PMID: 31707938 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1691622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-regulation processes assume a major role in health behaviour theory and are postulated as important mechanisms of action in behavioural interventions to improve health prevention and management. The need to better understand mechanisms of behaviour change interventions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) called for conducting a meta-review of meta-analyses for interventions targeting self-regulation processes. The protocol, preregistered on Open Science Framework (OSF), found 15 eligible meta-analyses, published between 2006 and August 2019, which quantitatively assessed the role of self-regulatory mechanisms and behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Quality of the meta-analyses varied widely according to AMSTAR-2 criteria. Several BCTs, assumed to engage self-regulatory mechanisms, were unevenly represented in CVD meta-analytic reviews. Self-monitoring, the most frequently studied self-regulatory BCT, seemed to improve health behaviour change and health outcomes but these results merit cautious interpretation. Findings for other self-regulatory BCTs were less promising. No studies in the CVD domain directly tested engagement of self-regulation processes. A general challenge for this area stems from reliance on post-hoc tests of the effects of BCTs in multiple-component interventions. Recent advances in BCT taxonomies and the experimental medicine approach to engaging self-regulation mechanisms, however, provide opportunities to improve CVD prevention and management behavioural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Suls
- Center for Personalized Health, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jazmin N Mogavero
- Center for Personalized Health, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louise Falzon
- Center for Personalized Health, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Emily A Hennessy
- The Sharp Research Lab, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Center for Personalized Health, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Marcionetti J, Rossier J. A Longitudinal Study of Relations Among Adolescents’ Self-Esteem, General Self-Efficacy, Career Adaptability, and Life Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0894845319861691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-esteem, general self-efficacy, and career adaptability, which include career concern, control, curiosity, and confidence, are important resources for adolescents who are required to make important educational and professional choices. No studies have investigated how these resources codevelop over time and their impact on life satisfaction. To more precisely study this codevelopment and the impact of these resources on well-being, 357 Swiss adolescents were assessed 3 times during the last 17 months of compulsory school. The results showed an interrelationship between career adaptability and self-efficacy and a unidirectional effect of self-esteem on life satisfaction over time. They also highlighted the importance of career adapt-ability concerns for predicting the other three career adapt-abilities. Overall, the results suggested that in adolescents, higher levels of career adaptability may favor higher levels of general self-efficacy and that higher levels of self-esteem may induce higher levels of life satisfaction. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Marcionetti
- Department of Education and Learning (DFA), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Rossier
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Evaluation of "Healthy Learning. Together", an Easily Applicable Mental Health Promotion Tool for Students Aged 9 to 18 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030487. [PMID: 30744053 PMCID: PMC6388215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schools play an important role in adolescents’ health promotion. Due to the limited resources of teachers, there is a need for short-time interventions that can be easily implemented in a regular class without extensive training. Therefore, the tool “Healthy learning. Together.” was developed within a joint venture research project in Jena, Germany. The tool consists of a box with 60 exercises and a poster exhibition for students in 5th grade and higher. One thousand one hundred and forty four (1144) students (56% female) from nine schools were assessed at an interval of 10 weeks in a parallelized pre-post-design with class-wise assignment to intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). In the IG, regular teachers implemented the health promotion tool. Before and after the intervention social integration, class climate, self-efficacy (as primary outcomes) and mental and physical wellbeing (as secondary outcomes) were measured using standardized questionnaires. ANCOVA analysis revealed that students of the IG showed more positive changes on primary outcomes with small effect sizes. Additional implementation outcomes showed high teacher and student enthusiasm but sometimes low exposure rates. Regarding the relatively small amount of time and preparation for teachers to get noticeable effects, the introduced tool is suitable as a first step into health promotion for schools.
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Keller-Hamilton B, Muff J, Blue T, Lu B, Slater MD, Roberts ME, Ferketich AK. Tobacco and Alcohol on Television: A Content Analysis of Male Adolescents' Favorite Shows. Prev Chronic Dis 2018; 15:E134. [PMID: 30388067 PMCID: PMC6219846 DOI: 10.5888/pcd15.180062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Media tobacco and alcohol portrayals encourage adolescent substance use. Preventing adolescent initiation with these substances is critical, as they contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Television tobacco and alcohol portrayals have not been examined for more than 7 years. This study analyzed tobacco and alcohol portrayals on adolescents' favorite television shows and evaluated the rate of portrayals by parental rating. METHODS Adolescent males (N = 1,220) from Ohio reported 3 favorite television shows and how frequently they watch them. For each of the 20 most-watched shows in the sample, 9 episodes were randomly selected and coded for visual and verbal tobacco and alcohol incidents. Demographics of characters who used or interacted with the substances were recorded. Negative binomial regression modeled rates of tobacco and alcohol incidents per hour by parental rating. RESULTS There were 49 tobacco and 756 alcohol portrayals across 180 episodes. Characters using the products were mostly white, male, and adult. The rate of tobacco incidents per hour was 1.2 for shows rated TV-14 (95% CI, 0.4-3.6) and 1.1 for shows rated TV-MA (95% CI, 0.3-4.5). The estimated rate of alcohol incidents per hour was 20.9 for shows rated TV-14 (95% CI, 6.3-69.2) and 7.2 for shows rated TV-MA (95% CI, 1.5-34.1). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent males' favorite television shows rated TV-14 expose them to approximately 1 tobacco incident and 21 alcohol incidents per hour on average. Limiting tobacco and alcohol incidents on television could reduce adolescents' risk of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio.,1841 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210.
| | - Jacqueline Muff
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Traci Blue
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bo Lu
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael D Slater
- The Ohio State University School of Communication, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan E Roberts
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy K Ferketich
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio
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Arango C, Díaz-Caneja CM, McGorry PD, Rapoport J, Sommer IE, Vorstman JA, McDaid D, Marín O, Serrano-Drozdowskyj E, Freedman R, Carpenter W. Preventive strategies for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:591-604. [PMID: 29773478 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Available treatment methods have shown little effect on the burden associated with mental health disorders. We review promising universal, selective, and indicated preventive mental health strategies that might reduce the incidence of mental health disorders, or shift expected trajectories to less debilitating outcomes. Some of these interventions also seem to be cost-effective. In the transition to mental illness, the cumulative lifetime effect of multiple small effect size risk factors progressively increases vulnerability to mental health disorders. This process might inform different levels and stages of tailored interventions to lessen risk, or increase protective factors and resilience, especially during sensitive developmental periods. Gaps between knowledge, policy, and practice need to be bridged. Future steps should emphasise mental health promotion, and improvement of early detection and interventions in clinical settings, schools, and the community, with essential support from society and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacob A Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David McDaid
- Department of Health Policy at the London School of Economics and Social Science, London, UK
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Serrano-Drozdowskyj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA, Sambasivam R, Seow E, Jeyagurunathan A, Picco L, Stewart-Brown S, Subramaniam M. Psychometric properties of the short Warwick Edinburgh mental well-being scale (SWEMWBS) in service users with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:153. [PMID: 28764770 PMCID: PMC5539899 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To establish the validity and reliability of the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) in service users with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders in Singapore and estimate SWEMWBS scores across socio-demographic and the three psychiatric diagnostic groups in the sample. Methods This secondary analysis was conducted using data from a study among outpatients of a tertiary psychiatric hospital. In addition to the SWEMWBS, socio-demographic data and current psychiatric diagnosis were collected. Service users were also administered the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument. The SWEMWBS was tested for factorial validity, reliability and convergent and divergent validity. Results In total, 350 service users with a mean (SD) age of 39.1 (11.1) years were included in this study of which 39.4%, 38.9% and 21.7% had schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders, respectively. The single factor structure of the SWEMWBS was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.029). The internal consistency reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). The convergent and divergent validity testing revealed that the SWEMWBS scores had significant moderate to high positive correlations with GAF, SWLS and PMH scores and moderate negative correlations with (PHQ)-8 and (GAD)-7 scores. SWEMWBS scores were higher in married participants (22.2 (5.4) versus never married: 20.7 (5.3) and divorced/separated/widowed: 20.4 (5.1), p = 0.049) and among those with schizophrenia (22.8 (5.5) versus depression:19.6 (4.7) and anxiety spectrum disorders 20.9 (5.2), p < 0.001). Conclusion These results demonstrate adequate validity and reliability of the SWEMWBS in people with schizophrenia, depression and anxiety spectrum disorders in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | | | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
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