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Farias L, Hellenius ML, Nyberg G, Andermo S. Building a healthy generation together: parents' experiences and perceived meanings of a family-based program delivered in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in Sweden. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:180. [PMID: 39261839 PMCID: PMC11389329 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Ethnically diverse neighborhoods encounter pronounced inequalities, including housing segregation and limited access to safe outdoor spaces. Residents of these neighborhoods face challenges related to physical inactivity, including sedentary lifestyles and obesity in adults and children. One approach to tackling health inequalities is through family-based programs tailored specifically to these neighborhoods. This study aimed to investigate parents' experiences and perceptions of the family-based Open Activities, a cost-free and drop-in program offered in ethnically diverse and low socioeconomic neighborhoods in Sweden. METHODS Researchers' engagement in 15 sessions of the Open Activities family-based program during the spring of 2022, and individual interviews with 12 participants were held. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three main themes and seven sub-themes representing different aspects of the program's meaning to the participants as parents, their families, and communities. The main themes describe how parents feel valued by the program, which actively welcomes and accommodates families, regardless of cultural differences within these neighborhoods. The themes also show how cultural norms perceived as barriers to participation in physical activity can be overcome, especially by mothers who express a desire to break these norms and support girls' physical activity. Additionally, the themes highlight the importance of parents fostering safety in the area and creating a positive social network for their children to help them resist criminal gang-related influences. CONCLUSIONS The program's activities allowed parents to connect with their children and other families in their community, and (re)discover physical activity by promoting a sense of community and safety. Implications for practice include developing culturally sensitive activities that are accessible to and take place in public spaces for ethnically diverse groups, including health coordinators that can facilitate communication between groups. To enhance the impact of this program, it is recommended that the public sector support the creation of cost-free and drop-in activities for families who are difficult to reach in order to increase their participation in physical activity, outreach, and safety initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Farias
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
| | - Mai-Lis Hellenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Gisela Nyberg
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 114 33, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Susanne Andermo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Activity and Health, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 114 33, Sweden
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Von Seggern MJ, Rogers AE, Schenkelberg MA, Kellstedt DK, Welk GJ, High R, Dzewaltowski DA. Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345635. [PMID: 38450148 PMCID: PMC10916700 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural-urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.S. Midwest communities. Methods During spring 2022, 97% of 3rd-6th grade children (n = 281, aged approximately 8-12 years) attending school in rural Midwestern communities (n = 2) with >50% concentration of Hispanic students participated in the Wellscapes Project, a community randomized trial. Participants completed the Youth Activity Profile and supplemental National Survey of Children's Health questions assessing PA behaviors and YS participation. Caregivers of a subsample of children (n = 215; males, n = 93; females, n = 122) consented to pair their child's survey results with school enrollment records (e.g., free/reduced lunch status and race and ethnicity). Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main and interaction effects of grade, sex, ethnoracial status, and family income on YS participation and these sociodemographic characteristics and YS participation on daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Results Approximately half of children participated in YS. Non-Hispanic White children (n = 82) were over five times more likely to participate in YS than Hispanic peers (n = 133) (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.64-11.61, p < 0.001). YS participants accumulated 8.3 ± 2.3 more minutes of daily MVPA than non-participants (p < 0.001). Sixth graders, females, and Hispanic children reported lower daily MVPA than comparison groups (p < 0.05). Significant interaction effects on daily MVPA between grade and ethnoracial status (F(3, 204) = 3.04, p = 0.030) were also found. Discussion Disparities in sport participation and PA outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics exist among children living in ethnoracially diverse rural communities. Strategies to promote YS participation, including community structural changes, may help reduce PA disparities. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and community members to address YS participation barriers, not limited to cost, while considering other PA-promotion efforts to improve child population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Von Seggern
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ann E. Rogers
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michaela A. Schenkelberg
- School of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Debra K. Kellstedt
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Family and Community Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Robin High
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David A. Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Sher C, Wu C. Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: An intersectional and life course approach. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2023; 60:763-800. [PMID: 37615391 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity improves health and well-being, but not everyone can be equally active. Previous research has suggested that racial minorities are less active than their white counterparts and immigrants are less active than their native-born counterparts. In this article, we adopt an intersectional and life course approach to consider how race and immigrant status may intersect to affect physical activity across the life span. This new approach also allows us to test the long-standing habitual versus structural debate in physical activity. Analysing data from two recent cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2015-2016 & 2017-2018), we find that physical activity is only lower among immigrants who are also racial minorities and that the gap is most significant during adulthood, but rather insignificant during adolescence and late life. The findings that inequality in physical activity is more apparent among the most disadvantaged racialised immigrants and among working-age adults when structural influences are greater suggest that inequality in physical activity is rooted in structural inequalities, rather than habitual differences. Finally, we demonstrate that the widely observed 'healthy (racialised) immigrant effect' can be underestimated if inequality in physical activity is not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Sher
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary Wu
- Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Song Y, Shi C. Association between sports participation and overall health in children and adolescents. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 51:101718. [PMID: 36801646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence revealed that participating in sports may have benefits for health, but the association between sports participation and self-rated overall health has not been clearly established in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the cross-sectional relationships between sports participation and self-rated overall health. A national sample of 42,777 (mean age = 9.4 ± 5.2, 48.3% girls) United States children and adolescents completed self-administered questionnaires and were included in the final analysis. The crude and adjusted odds ratio (ORs) and 95% CI were used to analyze the association between sports participation and self-rated overall health. Results indicated that children and adolescents participated in sports were more likely to report better overall health (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.83, 2.02) compared to those not participating in sports. This study found that sport participation was positively associated with self-rated overall health in children and adolescents. This study offers evidence concerning adolescents' health literacy promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagang Song
- Department of Physical Education Teaching, Shanghai Sanda University, 201209, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongyan Shi
- School of Physical Education and Humanity, Nanjing Sport Institute, 210014, Nan Jing, China.
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Christensen JH, Ljungmann CK, Pawlowski CS, Johnsen HR, Olsen N, Hulgård M, Bauman A, Klinker CD. ASPHALT II: Study Protocol for a Multi-Method Evaluation of a Comprehensive Peer-Led Youth Community Sport Programme Implemented in Low Resource Neighbourhoods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15271. [PMID: 36429986 PMCID: PMC9690454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To reduce inequalities in children's sport participation, studies are needed to explore ways in which children from low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in sport. GAME Community is a peer-led community sport programme which aims to promote physical activity through participation in inclusive street sports activities targeting 8-15-year-old children living in low resource neighbourhoods. The GAME Community intervention is implemented by the non-profit street sport organisation GAME. Five components support the implementation of GAME Community: (1) training of peer leaders; (2) a focus on inclusion of inactive girls; (3) parental involvement; (4) community engagement; (5) strengthened organisational support to peer leaders. In the ASPHALT II study, we aim to evaluate GAME Community and hence contribute to understanding how children growing up in low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in physical activity through participation in peer-led, community-based sport and to generate new understandings on the scale up of community interventions. The primary objective of the evaluation is to investigate the implementation of GAME Community and the programme's reach, and to establish the functioning and mechanisms of the programme. The secondary objective is to establish the health enhancing potential of the programme. The evaluation of GAME Community involves three linked but independent studies that investigate (1) the functioning (i.e., mechanisms and processes), (2) reach, and (3) outcomes. The functioning of the five intervention components is investigated using qualitative methodologies. Programme reach will be investigated based on participant registrations. Systematic observations using a novel combination of validated tools will provide information on outcomes (physical activity level and social behaviour) during GAME Community activities. Investigating functioning, reach, and outcomes of the GAME Community intervention by using multiple methods is a strength, as different data complement and inform each other. This study will provide in-depth insights into if and how children living in low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in physical activity through participation in peer-led, community-based sport. Contributions of this evaluation include new understanding of the mechanisms and scalability of a community-based street sport intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hellesøe Christensen
- Health Promotion Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Karen Ljungmann
- Health Promotion Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Skau Pawlowski
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Helene Rald Johnsen
- Health Promotion Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Adrian Bauman
- Health Promotion Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Charlotte Demant Klinker
- Health Promotion Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Nobis T, Gomez-Gonzalez C, Nesseler C, Dietl H. (Not) being granted the right to belong-Amateur football clubs in Germany. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW FOR THE SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT 2022; 57:1157-1174. [PMID: 36161094 PMCID: PMC9493408 DOI: 10.1177/10126902211061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies show that first- and second-generation immigrants are less likely to be members of sports clubs than their non-immigrant peers. Common explanations are cultural differences and socioeconomic disadvantages. However, lower participation rates in amateur sport could be at least partly due to ethnic discrimination. Are minority ethnic groups granted the same right to belong as their non-immigrant peers? To answer this question, this paper uses publicly available data from a field experiment in which mock applications were sent out to over 1,600 football clubs in Germany. Having a foreign-sounding name significantly reduces the likelihood of being invited to participate. The paper concludes that amateur football clubs are not as permeable as they are often perceived to be. It claims that traditional explanations for lower participation rates of immigrants need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nobis
- Tina Nobis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin
Institute for Integration and Migration Research, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099,
Germany.
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A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Effects of an Outdoor Learning Program on Physical Activity Patterns of Children with a Migrant Background: the PASE Study. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Paduano S, Greco A, Borsari L, Salvia C, Tancredi S, Pinca J, Midili S, Tripodi A, Borella P, Marchesi I. Physical and Sedentary Activities and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study among First-Year Children of Primary Schools in Modena, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3221. [PMID: 33804662 PMCID: PMC8003752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Children obesity is a serious public health issue. This study aimed to investigate physical/sedentary activities of first-year primary schools children in Modena, and their association with overweight/obesity and dietary habits of children and family characteristics to identify the risk factors for unhealthy lifestyles. Child physical/sedentary activities were gathered through an anonymous questionnaire administered to parents, as well as family characteristics and weight/height of child and parents. Logistic regression models, eventually adjusted for parents' sociodemographic characteristics, were used to analyze data. Questionnaires were delivered by 660 families (74.2%), of which 72 without anthropometric data were excluded. Three out of four children spent in physical activities less than 7 h/week, while 63.9% dedicated to sedentary activities two or more hours/day. From multivariate analysis, the habit significantly affecting children's overweight/obesity was spending time on tablets/Personal Computers/mobile phones/videogames. Higher parental education level resulted in a protective factor for implementing unhealthy lifestyles in terms of time dedicated to physical/sedentary activities. Our results suggest the need of interventions to increase time for physical activity and to promote a responsible use of digital media involving the entire families to reach all parents regardless of their education and nationality with a possible relapse on other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paduano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.T.); (P.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Antonella Greco
- Department of Public Health, AUSL Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Lucia Borsari
- Department of Public Health, AUSL Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Chiara Salvia
- Primary Care Health Authority and Services, AUSL Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Tancredi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.T.); (P.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Jenny Pinca
- Department of Public Health, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, AUSL Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy; (J.P.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Simona Midili
- Department of Public Health, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, AUSL Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy; (J.P.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Alberto Tripodi
- Department of Public Health, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, AUSL Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy; (J.P.); (S.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Borella
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.T.); (P.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabella Marchesi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Section of Public Health, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.T.); (P.B.); (I.M.)
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Jaf D, Özdemir M, Skoog T. Immigrant and Swedish adolescents' involvement in organized sports activities: an expectancy-value approach. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:12. [PMID: 33485395 PMCID: PMC7825168 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drawing on Eccles' expectancy-value model, we investigated the associations between parents' sports-related socialization behaviors in the family context, youth's sports' values, and youth's involvement in organized sports activities in the Nordic countries. More specifically, we tested the mediating effect of youth's sports' values on the link between socialization of sports in the family setting and youth's sports participation. Further, we examined whether any associations were moderated by youth's immigrant background or gender. METHODS Immigrant and Nordic adolescents (N = 678), in 7th-8th grade, were followed over two consecutive years and responded to surveys during regular class hours. RESULTS Supporting Eccles' model, we found that sports-related family co-activities significantly predicted youth's prospective sports-related behaviors through youth's sports' values. The mediation process was robust across both Nordic and immigrant youth and adolescent girls and boys. Further, our results revealed that parents' role modeling of sports activities was linked to both the amount of time youth currently spend on sports and their continuation in sports through youth's sports' values, although these associations were only significant for immigrant youth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer insights into how participation in organized sports activities can be promoted among both immigrant and Nordic youth and among boys and girls. Most importantly, the findings may have valuable implications for researchers, policymakers and practitioners interested in promoting youth's involvement in organized sports activities. This especially applies to immigrant youth, given that the literature consistently reports lower sports involvement among immigrant youth than their native counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darun Jaf
- Center for Lifespan Developmental Research (LEADER), School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Metin Özdemir
- Center for Lifespan Developmental Research (LEADER), School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Therése Skoog
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 500, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Arfa S, Solvang PK, Berg B, Jahnsen R. Challenges and facilitators in supporting sustainable participation after rehabilitation: Experiences of immigrant parents and their children with disabilities. Scand J Occup Ther 2020; 29:631-644. [PMID: 33300814 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1856183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with immigrant backgrounds and disabilities have lower rates of social participation compared with their non-immigrant counterparts. However, rehabilitation programmes offer an opportunity to promote a physically active lifestyle and increase home and community participation of children with disabilities. OBJECTIVES By exploring immigrant families' experiences of participation and associated challenges and facilitators after rehabilitation, the study intended to contribute to the development of potential pathways in supporting sustainable community-based participation. METHODS The study used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. RESULTS The costs and lack of information, necessary skills, and local activities were among the barriers that families experienced after the rehabilitation. Local and rehabilitation professionals were not always aware of or prepared to address the challenges faced by families trying to become physically active. Parents expressed their needs for support and continuation of services after rehabilitation for moving towards an active lifestyle. Participation patterns among children highlighted the potential role of support contacts as facilitators for participation in physical activities among the families. CONCLUSIONS Establishing an efficient collaboration between local and rehabilitation professionals with identifying potential future challenges, adjusting the interventions, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and providing supportive follow-up services may support sustainable community-based participation among immigrant families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Arfa
- Research Department, Beitostølen Healthsports Center, Beitostølen, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Koren Solvang
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Berg
- Department of Social Work, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Reidun Jahnsen
- Research Department, Beitostølen Healthsports Center, Beitostølen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences for Children, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Research Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services, CHARM, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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The Meaning of Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study on the Perspective of South American Immigrant Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207500. [PMID: 33076326 PMCID: PMC7602638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity facilitates the acquisition of healthy habits from childhood to adulthood. There are differences in the practice of physical activity between immigrant children and native Spanish children. The aim was to describe physical activity in children, from the perspective of South American immigrant parents. A qualitative case study was conducted. Parents were recruited using purposeful sampling. Data were collected from 12 participants by means of unstructured interviews together with researcher notes. A thematic analysis was applied. The following topics were identified: (a) physical activity and health, (b) socialization, (c) the need for movement, (d) gender, (e) barriers, (f) educational burden, (g) community living, and (h) reason for immigrating. Parents described how physical activity is fundamental and has benefits for health, and for the relationship between children. They perceived that physical activity should not be limited by gender. The time dedicated to other school activities, the norms related to community living, and financial limitations were especially relevant as barriers for the performance of physical activity. These results can be used to revise the curriculum in schools, promote equal opportunities for physical activity and support family participation.
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12
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Physical Activity Among Immigrant Children: A Systematic Review. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:1047-1058. [PMID: 32858526 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of physical activity (PA) for children are well documented. However, little is known about PA patterns among immigrant children. METHODS The authors reviewed research on PA patterns of immigrant children. The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published from January 2010 to May 2018 in English, French, or Spanish that included primary-school-aged (6-12 y) children, and data on immigration status. RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included in the analyses. These studies revealed a deficit of PA among immigrant children. Immigration status (immigrant or nonimmigrant) and generation of immigration (first, second, and third), ethnic origin, and gender were associated with PA patterns. In general, PA levels were lower among first-generation immigrant children, children of Hispanic and East Asian origin, and girls. The results suggest that questionnaire measures might be biased or inaccurate among immigrant children, highlighting the need for the integration of mixed methods (objective and subjective measures). CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of children do not meet PA guidelines, and this might be more problematic for immigrant children. Future studies incorporating time since immigration, comparative analyses on gender, sociocultural and socioeconomic characteristics, and mixed methodology could provide a more complete portrait of PA patterns and opportunities for immigrant children.
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Elsborg P, Nielsen G, Klinker CD, Melby PS, Christensen JH, Bentsen P. Sports-based recreation as a means to address social inequity in health: why, when, where, who, what, and how. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1084. [PMID: 31399029 PMCID: PMC6688353 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among people with low socioeconomic status (SES) has heightened awareness of the need for primary prevention programs in low-SES neighborhoods. Social inequity in health is apparent in mental, social and physical aspects of health among people living in low-SES neighborhoods. Viewing this problem from a life course perspective and adopting a vulnerable population approach points to the importance of inducing sustainable health behavior changes in children and young people living in low-SES neighborhoods. One important factor in lowering the risk of many NCDs while improving mental health is the promotion of physical activity (PA). In this paper, we argue that lowering the risk of many NCDs and improving mental health is best achieved through setting-based programs that facilitate long-term PA behavior changes in children and adolescents living in marginalized neighborhoods. Empirical evidence indicates that extrinsic motives for participating in physical activities, such as improving health, are insufficient when long-term participation is the goal. Therefore, we argue that interventions with the aim of affecting long-term PA in low-SES neighborhoods and thereby reducing social inequities in health should include activities that aim to create more intrinsic and autonomous motivations by building on more broad and positive understandings of health and participation. Here, we advocate that sports-based recreation (SR) holds several advantages. If implemented well, SR has the potential to be a health-promoting activity that is meaningful and motivating in itself and that involves physiological health-promoting aspects (e.g., PA), a social aspect (e.g., positive relations with others), and a psychological aspect (e.g., positive experiences of oneself). Further, we suggest four practicalities that should be considered when conducting interventions: the cost of participating, the location, the facilities required, and the suitability of the SR activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elsborg
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Glen Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte D Klinker
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Paulina S Melby
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Julie H Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Kobel S, Kettner S, Hermeling L, Dreyhaupt J, Steinacker JM. Objectively assessed physical activity and weight status of primary school children in Germany with and without migration backgrounds. Public Health 2019; 173:75-82. [PMID: 31255961 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many children are insufficiently active, and children with a migration background appear to be even less active and at a higher risk of developing obesity. This study evaluated the weight status, and the frequencies and intensities of objectively assessed physical activity (PA) of children with and without a migration background. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS PA was assessed objectively for 6 days in 273 children (aged 7.1 ± 0.6 years). In total, 74 children (27%) were classified as having a migration background. PA was grouped in light and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) intensities. Body mass index (BMI) percentiles (BMIPCT) were determined. RESULTS Children without a migration background spent more time in MVPA compared with children with a migration background (138.2 ± 62.6 vs 121.7 ± 54.9 min, respectively; P < 0.01). On weekends, time in MVPA decreased significantly for all children (112.3 ± 66.0 min, P < 0.01), especially for children with a migration background (97.7 ± 56.7 min, P < 0.01). Children with a migration background displayed significantly higher BMIPCT than children without a migration background (55.7 ± 29.6 vs 44.3 ± 26.8, respectively; P < 0.01) and were significantly more often overweight and/or obese (13.5% vs 8.5%, respectively; P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Children with a migration background are less physically active and more often overweight, resulting in higher risks of developing secondary diseases. The results of this study should be considered when designing interventions to increase PA in children with a migration background. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS-ID: DRKS00000494.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobel
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Germany.
| | - S Kettner
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Germany
| | - L Hermeling
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Germany
| | - J Dreyhaupt
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Germany
| | - J M Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Germany
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15
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Reimers AK, Brzoska P, Niessner C, Schmidt SCE, Worth A, Woll A. Are there disparities in different domains of physical activity between school-aged migrant and non-migrant children and adolescents? Insights from Germany. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214022. [PMID: 30883609 PMCID: PMC6422267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large proportions of the populations in many European countries, including Germany, are migrants. Migrant children and adolescents tend to be less physically active than their non-migrant peers. However, current research is limited as it does not sufficiently consider different domains of physical activity. Using a representative dataset, the present study examines the patterns of sports participation and other domains of physical activity among migrant and non-migrant children and adolescents residing in Germany. Methods Nationwide data from the Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Study is used. Five different domains of physical activity participation (sports clubs, outside of sports clubs, extra-curricular physical activity, physical activity, outdoor play and active commuting to school) were compared between children and adolescents with no, one-sided and two-sided migration background using logistic regression adjusted for demographic factors. Interaction terms were included in order to examine whether difference between the three groups differ by age and gender. Results Information on n = 3,323 children and adolescents was available. As compared to non-migrants, children and adolescents with a two-sided migration background had a 40% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.60, 95%-CI: 0.44–0.81), those with a one-sided migration background a 26% (aOR = 0.74, 95%-CI: 0.55-<1.00) lower chance of participating in sport club activities. In contrast, children and adolescents with a two-sided migration background were at 65% higher chance of participating in extra-curricular physical activity than non-migrants (OR = 1.65, 95%-CI: 1.15–2.36). Conclusion The study shows that differences in levels of physical activity between migrant and non-migrant children and adolescents are less pronounced than previous research has suggested. In particular, it reveals that migrants are only disadvantaged regarding participation in sports clubs whereas they fare better with respect to extra-curricular physical activity. Interventions should therefore address barriers migrant children and adolescents encounter in the access to sport clubs while maintaining their high level of extra-curricular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Reimers
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick Brzoska
- Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Annette Worth
- Institute for Movement and Sports, University of Education Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Steenholt CB, Pisinger VSC, Danquah IH, Tolstrup JS. School and class-level variations and patterns of physical activity: a multilevel analysis of Danish high school students. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:255. [PMID: 29444648 PMCID: PMC5813401 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge of physical activity (PA) patterns among high school students. High schools plays an important role as context for the students, but it is uncertain to what extent schools influence student participation in PA during leisure time. The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of PA and assess variations between schools and classes in PA, in a large cohort of Danish high school students. Methods Self-reported cross-sectional data came from The Danish National Youth Study, comprising a total of 70,674 students attending 119 different schools and 3213 classes. Multilevel logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the association between socio-demographic variables and patterns of PA, and to assess the impact of schools and classes on PA measures. Results Students whose parents have achieved a lower level of education, older students and girls of perceived ethnic minority generally participated less in several forms of PA during leisure time. Substantial variations between schools were observed in terms of participation in PA at school during leisure time and in terms of use of active transportation to and from school. The school-level accounted for 9% (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06–0.11)) and 8% (ICC = 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07–0.11)) of the variation for participation in PA during leisure time and active transportation. Conclusion Overall, students whose parents achieved a lower level of education, older students and girls of perceived ethnic minority represent vulnerable groups in relation to participation in several forms of PA during leisure time. The ICCs indicate that schools, in particular, have the potential to influence participation in PA at school during leisure time and active transportation to and from school. Thus, high schools should encourage and facilitate activities aimed at engaging students in PA during leisure time as well as encourage active transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Ida Høgstedt Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Janne Schurmann Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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17
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Langøien LJ, Terragni L, Rugseth G, Nicolaou M, Holdsworth M, Stronks K, Lien N, Roos G. Systematic mapping review of the factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in ethnic minority groups in Europe: a DEDIPAC study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:99. [PMID: 28738832 PMCID: PMC5525226 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with health and wellbeing. Studies indicate that ethnic minority groups are both less active and more sedentary than the majority population and that factors influencing these behaviours may differ. Mapping the factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe can help to identify determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, research gaps and guide future research. Methods A systematic mapping review was conducted to map the factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe (protocol PROSPERO ID = CRD42014014575). Six databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative research published between 1999 and 2014. In synthesizing the findings, all factors were sorted and structured into clusters following a data driven approach and concept mapping. Results Sixty-three articles were identified out of 7794 returned by the systematic search. These included 41 quantitative and 22 qualitative studies. Of these 58 focused on physical activity, 5 on both physical activity and sedentary behaviour and none focused on sedentary behaviour. The factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour were grouped into eight clusters. Social & cultural environment (n = 55) and Psychosocial (39) were the clusters containing most factors, followed by Physical environment & accessibility (33), Migration context (15), Institutional environment (14), Social & material resources (12), Health and health communication (12), Political environment (3). An important finding was that cultural and religious issues, in particular those related to gender issues, were recurring factors across the clusters. Conclusion Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among ethnic minority groups living in Europe are influenced by a wide variety of factors, especially informed by qualitative studies. More comparative studies are needed as well as inclusion of a wider spectrum of the diverse ethnic minority groups resettled in different European countries. Few studies have investigated factors influencing sedentary behaviour. It is important in the future to address specific factors influencing physical activity and sedentary behaviour among different ethnic minority groups in order to plan and implement effective interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0554-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro Rugseth
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Holdsworth
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gun Roos
- Consumption Research Norway - SIFO, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Zaccagni L, Toselli S, Celenza F, Albertini A, Gualdi-Russo E. Sports activities in preschool children differed between those born to immigrants and native Italians. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1184-1191. [PMID: 28370606 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite the health benefits of physical activity in early childhood, little is known about sports practices in preschool children with different ethnic origins. The aim of this study was to investigate the sport activity patterns in native and immigrant children in northern Italy. The influence of some child and family determinants on the child's practice of club-organised sport was analysed to plan interventions. METHODS The study group comprised 2682 preschool children (49.5% girls) aged 5.9 ± 0.3, 2396 fathers and 2478 mothers. All the children had their height and weight measured and their parents completed a self-administered questionnaire on their child's sports participation and family characteristics. RESULTS Sports activities were significantly more frequent in native Italian girls than in native Italian boys and immigrant girls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the weekly amount of club-organised sport in preschool children was related to the sex and migrant status in the whole sample, to paternal educational level and occupation in the native-born sample and to paternal body mass index, offspring and paternal occupation in the immigrant group. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the need to develop specific interventions for native and immigrant preschool children to promote a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Zaccagni
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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19
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López-Vicente M, Tiemeier H, Wildeboer A, Muetzel RL, Verhulst FC, Jaddoe VWV, Sunyer J, White T. Cortical Structures Associated With Sports Participation in Children: A Population-Based Study. Dev Neuropsychol 2017; 42:58-69. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1309654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica López-Vicente
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health-ISGloba, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Epidemiología y Prevención de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Health, Air Pollution, Childhood Development, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Wildeboer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health-ISGloba, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Epidemiología y Prevención de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Respiratory Health, Air Pollution, Childhood Development, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Dalene KE, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Steene-Johannessen J, Ekelund U, Hansen BH, Kolle E. Secular and longitudinal physical activity changes in population-based samples of children and adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:161-171. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - S. A. Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - L. B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
- Department of teacher Education and Sport; Sogn and Fjordane University College; Sogndal Norway
| | | | - U. Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - B. H. Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - E. Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine; the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
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21
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Christiansen LB, Toftager M, Pawlowski CS, Andersen HB, Ersb�ll AK, Troelsen J. Schoolyard upgrade in a randomized controlled study design-how are school interventions associated with adolescents' perception of opportunities and recess physical activity. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2017; 32:58-68. [PMID: 28115424 PMCID: PMC5914349 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
School recess physical activity is important for adolescent s health and development, and several studies have established evidence based on cross-sectional studies that it is influenced by the environment in the schoolyard. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and variation across schools of a school-based intervention on students perceived opportunities for physical activity in the schoolyard, and to evaluate if an improved collective perception of opportunities was followed by an increase in PA during recess for the 13-15 year-old students. The intervention components included schoolyard renovation; mandatory outdoor recess; and increased adult supervision and support. Students collective perceptions were evaluated by a newly developed Schoolyard index (SYi) with seven items, and physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometer. We found variations in the change of student perceptions across the intervention schools, and that a one unit increase in the Schoolyard index (SYi) led to a 12% increase in recess PA. This study shows that adolescent PA during recess can be increased through a multicomponent intervention. The prospect for making an impact is low and according to the process analysis dependent on direct involvement; active and supportive adults; and varied, connected and well located facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mette Toftager
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, �ster Farimagsgade 5a, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Charlotte S. Pawlowski
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henriette B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Annette K. Ersb�ll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, �ster Farimagsgade 5a, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jens Troelsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Toselli S, Belcastro MG. Participation in sports, body composition, and fitness characteristics in children according to ethnic background. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1913-1926. [PMID: 28107555 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Participation in sports has important implications, being associated with health and social features. The objectives of this study were to verify whether there were any differences in sport participation between immigrant and Italian children and whether there was any relation with their body composition and fitness characteristics. A survey was conducted on 1432 children attending primary school in the Emilia-Romagna (northern Italy). Anthropometric measurements, fitness characteristics, and data about participation in sports were considered. Italian children were more likely to participate in sports than immigrants and boys than girls. Among immigrants, the lowest values were observed in Asians. Eastern European males and Latin American females displayed the widest dimensions. Eastern Europeans generally showed the highest values of strength, while Latin Americans had the highest values of flexibility. Asian children showed the highest values of centripetal fat, and a high percentage of them exceeded the %F reference. These aspects, together with the low frequency of practicing sports, place Asians at greater risks for health. Sex and ethnic group are the most informative variables associated with participation in sports by children. Interventions including health education lessons and promoting the participation in sports for immigrant children attending schools need to be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M G Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Gualdi-Russo E, Zaccagni L, Manzon VS, Masotti S, Rinaldo N, Khyatti M. Obesity and physical activity in children of immigrants. Eur J Public Health 2015; 24 Suppl 1:40-6. [PMID: 25107997 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight and obesity have increased in recent decades, reaching alarming proportions. Children with a migrant background seem to be particularly at risk of developing overweight and obesity. This article provides an overview of the prevalence of overweight or obesity among North African (NA) children living in their own countries or as immigrants in Europe. The aim is to show the effect of the migration process on this trend and to discuss its possible contributing factors. Publications were identified by a systematic search of PubMed and the existing literature. Original longitudinal or cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity and of physical activity among ethnic groups from North Africa compared with the native population were reviewed. The results confirmed that children of NA origin in Europe have higher levels of overweight and obesity than the native ones, especially girls. However, this trend can also be detected in urban areas of NA countries. Important factors contributing to the increase of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are discussed, in particular the westernization of eating habits, the level of physical activity and body image perception. The review shows that factors linked to acculturation in the host society and others maintained from the country of origin come into play in determining childhood overweight and obesity among NA immigrants in Europe. The importance of health promotion targeting the groups most at risk of childhood overweight and obesity, i.e. aspects of a healthy diet and the benefits of physical activity, is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vanessa S Manzon
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Masotti
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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24
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Wijtzes AI, Jansen W, Bouthoorn SH, Pot N, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Raat H. Social inequalities in young children's sports participation and outdoor play. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:155. [PMID: 25510552 PMCID: PMC4272790 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on social inequalities in sports participation and unstructured physical activity among young children is scarce. This study aimed to assess the associations of family socioeconomic position (SEP) and ethnic background with children’s sports participation and outdoor play. Methods We analyzed data from 4726 ethnically diverse 6-year-old children participating in the Generation R Study. Variables were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires when the child was 6 years old. Low level of outdoor play was defined as outdoor play <1 hour per day. Series of multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations of family SEP and ethnic background with children’s sports participation and outdoor play. Results Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s sports participation were found when using maternal educational level (p < 0.05), paternal educational level (p < 0.05), maternal employment status (p < 0.05), and household income (p < 0.05) as family SEP indicator (less sports participation among low SEP children). Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s outdoor play were found when using household income only (p < 0.05) (more often outdoor play <1 hour per day among children from low income household). All ethnic minority children were significantly more likely to not to participate in sports and play outdoor <1 hour per day compared with native Dutch children. Adjustment for family SEP attenuated associations considerably, especially with respect to sports participation. Conclusion Low SEP children and ethnic minority children are more likely not to participate in sports and more likely to display low levels of outdoor play compared with high SEP children and native Dutch children, respectively. In order to design effective interventions, further research, including qualitative studies, is needed to explore more in detail the pathways relating family SEP and ethnic background to children’s sports participation and outdoor play. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0155-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O.Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O.Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, The Netherlands. .,Department of Social Development, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Selma H Bouthoorn
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O.Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek Pot
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,School of Human Movement & Sports, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O.Box 2040, Rotterdam, CA, 3000, The Netherlands.
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25
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Wijtzes AI, Bouthoorn SH, Jansen W, Franco OH, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and body fat in 6-year-old children: the generation R study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014. [PMID: 25124336 PMCID: PMC4145220 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health concern. Knowledge on modifiable risk factors is needed to design effective intervention programs. This study aimed to assess associations of children’s sedentary behaviors (television viewing and computer game use) and physical activity behaviors (sports participation, outdoor play, and active transport to/from school) with three indicators of body fat, i.e., percent fat mass, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores, and weight status (normal weight, overweight). Methods Cross-sectional data from 5913 6-year-old ethnically diverse children were analyzed. Children’s weight and height were objectively measured and converted to BMI. Weight status was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. BMI standard deviation scores were created, based on Dutch reference growth curves. Fat mass was measured my dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sedentary and physical activity behaviors were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires. Series of logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, controlling for confounders (i.e., socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors). Results Sports participation was inversely associated with fat mass (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors. No other independent associations were observed. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that sports participation is inversely associated with percent body fat among ethnically diverse 6-year-old children. More research in varied populations including objective measurements and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wijtzes AI, Bouthoorn SH, Jansen W, Franco OH, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H. Sedentary behaviors, physical activity behaviors, and body fat in 6-year-old children: the generation R study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:96. [PMID: 25124336 DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-1946502959127020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health concern. Knowledge on modifiable risk factors is needed to design effective intervention programs. This study aimed to assess associations of children's sedentary behaviors (television viewing and computer game use) and physical activity behaviors (sports participation, outdoor play, and active transport to/from school) with three indicators of body fat, i.e., percent fat mass, body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores, and weight status (normal weight, overweight). METHODS Cross-sectional data from 5913 6-year-old ethnically diverse children were analyzed. Children's weight and height were objectively measured and converted to BMI. Weight status was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. BMI standard deviation scores were created, based on Dutch reference growth curves. Fat mass was measured my dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sedentary and physical activity behaviors were assessed by parent-reported questionnaires. Series of logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, controlling for confounders (i.e., socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors). RESULTS Sports participation was inversely associated with fat mass (p < 0.001), even after adjustment for socio-demographic factors, family lifestyle factors, and other sedentary behaviors and physical activity behaviors. No other independent associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that sports participation is inversely associated with percent body fat among ethnically diverse 6-year-old children. More research in varied populations including objective measurements and longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Wijtzes
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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