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Shakarami A. Association Between Nutrients and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137030. [PMID: 38185894 PMCID: PMC11071670 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x263414231101095310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a leading cause of global mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key molecular underpinnings of CVD pathogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of nutrients in cardiovascular health beyond their impact on cardiac events. The manuscript examines the influence of macronutrients such as fats and carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients including vitamins and folate, on CVD. Additionally, the interplay between dietary supplements and CVD risk reduction is investigated. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms through which nutrients contribute to cardiovascular well-being, addressing both cardioprotective effects and their broader implications. Through an analysis of pertinent studies, we illuminate the complex relationship between nutrition, lifestyle, and cardiovascular health, underscoring the significance of a holistic approach to CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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2
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da Silva GG, Braga LEDO, de Oliveira ECS, de Carvalho JE, Lazarini JG, Rosalen PL, Dionísio AP, Ruiz ALTG. Evaluation of a Standardized Extract Obtained from Cashew Apple ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Bagasse in DSS-Induced Mouse Colitis. Foods 2023; 12:3318. [PMID: 37685250 PMCID: PMC10486448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Several studies relate eating habits to different aspects of IBD, such as progression and worsening of the clinical condition. Therefore, many natural products (NPs) such as polyphenols and carotenoids have been identified as promising agents in supporting IBD. An interesting source for obtaining bioactive NPs is the by-products of the food industry. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of a standardized extract (CAE) obtained from cashew apple bagasse in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice. This was the first time that CAE had been evaluated in this experimental model. Chemical evaluation of CAE identified carotenoids (96.28 ± 0.15 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (37.49 ± 0.64 mg/100 g), and a mixture of anacardic acids (C15:3 = 94.2 ± 0.6 mg/100 g; C15:2 = 108.4 ± 0.1 mg/100 g; C15:1 = 214.8 ± 0.2 mg/100 g). Administration of CAE (500 mg/kg, 4 days, p.o.) after DSS challenge was more effective in delaying disease progression compared with prior treatment (500 mg/kg, 30 days, p.o.), according to the disease activity index. However, no treatment strategy with CAE was able to prevent or inhibit disease progression, since all parameters evaluated (macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological) in CAE-treated animals were similar to those observed in DSS-challenged animals. Despite the high dose (500 mg/kg), the standardized extract (CAE) did not result in an effective concentration of carotenoids. Furthermore, as some anacardic acids have been reported as histone acetyltransferases inhibitors, there could be a possible antagonistic relationship between carotenoids and anacardic acids. Complementary research will be necessary to test the hypothesis of antagonism. Thus, an optimized extract, with an even higher concentration of carotenoids, obtained from cashew apple bagasse, can be developed as a possible adjuvant food supplement for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Lucia Elaine de Oliveira Braga
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
| | - Ellen Cristina Souza de Oliveira
- Institute of Biology, Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-865, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Piracicaba 13425-380, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil; (G.G.d.S.); (L.E.d.O.B.); (P.L.R.)
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
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3
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Mignini I, Ainora ME, Di Francesco S, Galasso L, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Tumorigenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiota-Environment Interconnections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3200. [PMID: 37370812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is undoubtedly one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While sporadic CRC develops from a typical adenoma-carcinoma sequence, IBD-related CRC follows different and less understood pathways and its pathophysiological mechanisms were not completely elucidated. In contrast to chronic inflammation, which is nowadays a well-recognised drive towards neoplastic transformation in IBD, only recently was gut microbiota demonstrated to interfere with both inflammation processes and immune-mediated anticancer surveillance. Moreover, the role of microbiota appears particularly complex and intriguing when also considering its multifaceted interactions with multiple environmental stimuli, notably chronic pathologies such as diabetes and obesity, lifestyle (diet, smoking) and vitamin intake. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview on current evidence of the influence of gut microbiota on IBD-related CRC, in particular its mutual interconnections with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mignini
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvino Di Francesco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Galasso
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Rizzello F, Gionchetti P, Spisni E, Saracino IM, Bellocchio I, Spigarelli R, Collini N, Imbesi V, Dervieux T, Alvisi P, Valerii MC. Dietary Habits and Nutrient Deficiencies in a Cohort of European Crohn's Disease Adult Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021494. [PMID: 36675009 PMCID: PMC9865585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wrong dietary habits, such as the Western-style diet, are considered important risk factors for the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). Nevertheless, the role of dietary patterns in the clinical management of IBD patients has not been fully investigated yet. Fifty-four patients diagnosed with active Crohn's disease (CD) were enrolled and subjected to nutritional intake analysis through a weekly food diary. Nutritional patterns were analyzed, and nutrient intake was compared with those of 30 healthy subjects (HS). Blood levels of cholesterol, folic acid, minerals (K, Mg, Fe) and amino acids, were measured in CD patients to assess the presence of nutritional deficiencies. CD patients, with respect to HS, consumed significantly lower amounts of fiber, vitamins (A, E, C, B6, folic acid) and β-carotene. Their calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, copper and iodine intake were also found to be significantly lower. In blood, CD patients had significantly lower concentrations of total cholesterol, potassium, iron, and amino acids. Active CD patient diet was significantly different from those of HS and may contribute to the establishment of nutritional deficiencies. Intestinal malabsorption was evidenced in these patients. Correction of the diet with specific nutritional plans is a necessary therapeutic step for these patients. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02580864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-4147
| | - Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, St. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bellocchio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Spigarelli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Noemi Collini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Thierry Dervieux
- Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Patrizia Alvisi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli, 2, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Vitamin–Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163383. [PMID: 36014889 PMCID: PMC9414212 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) are common diseases of the digestive system. Vitamin deficiencies and gut microbiota dysbiosis have a close relationship with the risk, development, and progression of IBD and CAC. There is a strong link between vitamins and the gut microbiome. Vitamins are extremely crucial for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, promoting growth and development, metabolism, and innate immunity. Gut microbiota can not only influence the transport process of vitamins, but also produce vitamins to compensate for insufficient food intake. Emerging evidence suggests that oral vitamin supplementation can reduce inflammation levels and improve disease prognosis. In addition, improving the diet structure and consuming foods rich in vitamins not only help to improve the vitamin deficiency, but also help to reduce the risk of IBD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the application of vitamin-producing probiotics can better assist in the treatment of intestinal diseases. In this review, we discuss the interaction and therapeutic roles of vitamins and gut microbiota in IBD and CAC. We also summarize the methods of treating IBD and CAC by modulating vitamins. This may highlight strategies to target gut-microbiota-dependent alterations in vitamin metabolism in the context of IBD and CAC therapy.
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6
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β-carotene improves fecal dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunctions in a mouse model of vitamin A deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159122. [PMID: 35158041 PMCID: PMC9940628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) results in intestinal inflammation, increased redox stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, imbalanced inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, compromised barrier function, and perturbations of the gut microbiome. To combat VAD dietary interventions with β-carotene, the most abundant precursor of vitamin A, are recommended. However, the impact of β-carotene on intestinal health during VAD has not been fully clarified, especially regarding the VAD-associated intestinal dysbiosis. Here we addressed this question by using Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice deprived of dietary preformed vitamin A and supplemented with β-carotene as the sole source of the vitamin, alongside with WT (vitamin A sufficient) mice. We found that dietary β-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet. However, it did so to a greater extent under overt VAD. Dietary β-carotene also modified the taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiome, but only under VAD. Given the similarity of the VAD-associated intestinal phenotypes with those of several other disorders of the gut, collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Syndrome, these findings are broadly relevant to the effort of developing diet-based intervention strategies to ameliorate intestinal pathological conditions.
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7
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Gill PA, Inniss S, Kumagai T, Rahman FZ, Smith AM. The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Regulating Gastrointestinal and Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866059. [PMID: 35450067 PMCID: PMC9016115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Our understanding of how the immune system drives chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis has evolved in recent years. However, the contribution of dietary factors to inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and arthritis remain poorly defined. A western diet has been associated as pro-inflammatory, in contrast to traditional dietary patterns that are associated as being anti-inflammatory. This may be due to direct effects of nutrients on immune cell function. Diet may also affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, which consequently affects immunity. In animal models of inflammatory disease, diet may modulate inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and in other peripheral sites. Despite limitations of animal models, there is now emerging evidence to show that anti-inflammatory effects of diet may translate to human gastrointestinal and inflammatory diseases. However, appropriately designed, larger clinical studies must be conducted to confirm the therapeutic benefit of dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gill
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Inniss
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoko Kumagai
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farooq Z Rahman
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Sun M, Ban W, Ling H, Yu X, He Z, Jiang Q, Sun J. Emerging nanomedicine and prodrug delivery strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Zhou B, Liu J, Wang Y, Wu F, Wang C, Wang C, Liu J, Li P. Protective Effect of Ethyl Rosmarinate against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1256. [PMID: 35163182 PMCID: PMC8836019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming at assessing the therapeutic effect of ethyl rosmarinate (ER) on ulcerative colitis (UC), the following activities were performed in vitro and in vivo in the present study. Firstly, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model was established to determine the level of inflammatory factors. Then, a UC mice model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was established to further investigate the effects of ER on symptoms, inflammatory factors and colon histopathology. Finally, serum and colon metabolomics studies were performed to identify the biomarkers and metabolisms closely related to the protective effect of ER on UC. The results showed that after ER intervention, the levels of inflammatory factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and key enzyme (MPO) in cell supernatant, serum or colon were significantly decreased, and the disease activity index and colon tissue damage in mice were also effectively improved or restored. In addition, 28 biomarkers and 6 metabolisms were found to be re-regulated by ER in the UC model mice. Therefore, it could be concluded that ER could effectively ameliorate the progression of UC and could be used as a new natural agent for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Juntong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Yaru Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Fulin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (B.Z.); (J.L.); (F.W.); (C.W.); (C.W.)
- Research Center of Natural Drug, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Li S, Lei Y, Lei J, Li H. All‑trans retinoic acid promotes macrophage phagocytosis and decreases inflammation via inhibiting CD14/TLR4 in acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:868. [PMID: 34676874 PMCID: PMC8554390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical emergency and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can alleviate organ injury. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATRA in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rats were treated with ATRA and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and protein content in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the effect of ATRA on ALI rats. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from the BALF. The phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using the chicken erythrocyte phagocytosis method and flow cytometry. The viability of macrophages was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed using a TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD)14 on the macrophage membrane were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of TLR4, CD14, phosphorylated (p)-65, p65, p-IκBα and IκBα were analyzed using western blotting. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the plasma of rats were detected by ELISA. Macrophages were treated with IAXO-102 (TLR4 inhibitor) to verify the involvement of CD14/TLR4 in the effect of ATRA on ALI. ATRA provided protection against LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by the increased PaO2 and reduced lung W/D ratio and protein content in the BALF. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and viability and reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ALI rats. Mechanically, ATRA inhibited CD14 and TLR4 expression and NF-κB pathway activation. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting the CD14/TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced ALI. In summary, ATRA inactivated the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the expression of CD14/TLR4 receptor in the alveolar macrophages of rats, thus enhancing the phagocytic function of macrophages in ALI rats, improving the activity of macrophages, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing the levels of inflammatory factors, and consequently playing a protective role in ALI model rats. This study may offer novel insights for the clinical management of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jieyun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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11
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Pang B, Jin H, Liao N, Li J, Jiang C, Shi J. Vitamin A supplementation ameliorates ulcerative colitis in gut microbiota-dependent manner. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110568. [PMID: 34507723 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal track. The purpose of this study is to explore whether Vitamin A (VA) can treat UC and its mechanisms. A mouse model of UC was established using 3.0% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). VA was used to treat UC by intragastric administration of 5000 international unit (IU) retinyl acetate. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also used to treat the UC model mice to verify the effect of influenced gut microbiota. The content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents was quantitatively detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. VA supplementation significantly ameliorated UC. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that VA-treated mice exhibited much more abundant gut microbial diversity and flora composition. Targeted metabolomics analysis manifested the increased production of SCFAs in VA-treated mice. Gut microbiota depletion and FMT results confirmed the gut microbiota-dependent mechanism as that VA relieved UC via regulating gut microbiota: increase in SCFA-producing genera and decrease in UC-related genera. The restore of intestinal barrier and the inhibition of inflammation were also found to contribute to the amelioration of UC by VA. It was concluded that a VA supplement was enough to cause a significant change in gut microbiota and amelioration of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Han Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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12
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Jia Q, Zhang H, Su Y, Liu X, Bai J, Lang W, Shi Q, Feng M. Strictosamide alleviates the inflammation in an acute ulcerative colitis (UC) model. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:283-294. [PMID: 33595775 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ulcerative colitis (UC) is a typical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causing great damages, while strictosamide (STR) is a natural alkaloid that possesses strong anti-inflammatory property in infection and inflammation-related diseases. Our study is aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of STR in the course of UC. Briefly, male Balb/c mice were treated with 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 consecutive days to establish an acute model of UC, and the administration of gradient concentrations of STR was subsequently performed. Accordingly, colonic pathological alterations including the reduced ratio of colon weight/length, decreased disease activity index (DAI), and attenuated H&E damage were found in UC mice after STR treatment. Based on the analyses of real-time PCR and western blot, downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was also determined in the colonic tissue of UC mice after the treatment of STR. ELISA and immunohistochemical staining further suggest the relief of inflammation in UC mice with decreased expressions of MPO and iNOS after STR treatment. In addition, STR was also validated to significantly inhibit NF-κB signaling in UC mice by western blot and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). Meanwhile, restricted inflammation was also determined in STR-treated IEC6 and HT-29 cells. The utilization of PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB, further demonstrated that STR ameliorated the inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in vitro. In summary, our study suggests that STR could be a potential candidate for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yongmei Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jiangsong Bai
- Shijiazhuang Zhongnongtongchuang (ZNTC) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 052463, China
| | - Wuying Lang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Minshan Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (Under Planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China.
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13
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Honarbakhsh M, Ericsson A, Zhong G, Isoherranen N, Zhu C, Bromberg Y, Van Buiten C, Malta K, Joseph L, Sampath H, Lackey AI, Storch J, Vetriani C, Chikindas ML, Breslin P, Quadro L. Impact of vitamin A transport and storage on intestinal retinoid homeostasis and functions. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100046. [PMID: 33587919 PMCID: PMC8020483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase and retinol-binding protein enable vitamin A (VA) storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (VA derivatives). The precarious VA status of the lecithin:retinol acyltransferase-deficient (Lrat-/-) retinol-binding protein-deficient (Rbp-/-) mice rapidly deteriorates upon dietary VA restriction, leading to signs of severe vitamin A deficiency (VAD). As retinoids impact gut morphology and functions, VAD is often linked to intestinal pathological conditions and microbial dysbiosis. Thus, we investigated the contribution of VA storage and transport to intestinal retinoid homeostasis and functionalities. We showed the occurrence of intestinal VAD in Lrat-/-Rbp-/- mice, demonstrating the critical role of both pathways in preserving gut retinoid homeostasis. Moreover, in the mutant colon, VAD resulted in a compromised intestinal barrier as manifested by reduced mucins and antimicrobial defense, leaky gut, increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and altered mucosal immunocytokine profiles. These perturbations were accompanied by fecal dysbiosis, revealing that the VA status (sufficient vs. deficient), rather than the amount of dietary VA per se, is likely a major initial discriminant of the intestinal microbiome. Our data also pointed to a specific fecal taxonomic profile and distinct microbial functionalities associated with VAD. Overall, our findings revealed the suitability of the Lrat-/-Rbp-/- mice as a model to study intestinal dysfunctions and dysbiosis promoted by changes in tissue retinoid homeostasis induced by the host VA status and/or intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chengsheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Charlene Van Buiten
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kiana Malta
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laurie Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Atreju I Lackey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Costantino Vetriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Paul Breslin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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14
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Liu F, Yao Y, Lu Z, Zhang Q, Liu C, Zhu C, Lin C. 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats via regulation of metabolic profiling and suppression of NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:153438. [PMID: 33422953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxycanthin-6-one (PQ-A) is the main active compound in Ramulus et Folium Picrasmae, a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in colitis treatment. PURPOSE To clarify PQ-A's role and mechanism in colitis treatment based on a non-targeted metabolomics study. METHODS Rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) established with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were orally treated with PQ-A. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, biochemical parameters (MDA and SOD), and histopathological score in colon tissue were measured. A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS approach-based metabolomics analysis was conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of PQ-A in colitis treatment. Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) concentrations in serum and their protein levels in the colon were determined. CD3 and NF-κB/p65 immunohistochemistry in the colon was semi-quantified. The related protein or mRNA in IKK-NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway was measured by Western blotting or RT-PCR, respectively. Potential molecular interactions between PQ-A and NF-κB/p65 was predicted using DS 2.5 software. RESULTS PQ-A significantly prevented body weight loss and colonic shortening in colitic rats, and reduced the DAI and histopathologic score as well. PQ-A decreased MDA levels in the UC rat serum and increased those of SOD. Metabolomics results revealed forty-nine differential metabolites as biomarkers of DSS-induced colitis, demonstrating that the path-mechanism of colitis involved the perturbation of eight metabolic pathways, including alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, et al. Thirty-six biomarkers were especially reversed to normal-like levels by PQ-A via regulation of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and retinol metabolism, which effectively hinted the potential pharmacological mechanism of PQ-A related to NF-κB/p65 inflammatory signaling. Molecular docking results predicted high affinity interaction between PQ-A and NF-κB/p65, involving hydrogen-bond interactions at five amino acid residues, suggesting NF-κB/p65 as a target. PQ-A decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations in serum and their protein levels in colon tissue in colitic rats. CD3, MYD88, p-IκBα, NF-κB/p65, and p-NF-κB/p65 expression levels decreased, whereas those of IKKβ and IκBα increased in colitic tissue following PQ-A treatment. PQ-A strongly inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65. CONCLUSIONS We provide an overview of PQ-A's possible mechanism of action in colitis treatment based on serum non-targeted metabolomics. PQ-A treatment can protect rats against DSS-induced colitis by suppressing the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangle Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zenghui Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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15
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Rakshasbhuvankar AA, Pillow JJ, Patole SK, Nathan EA, Simmer K. Effect of Enteral Vitamin A on Fecal Calprotectin in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Nested Prospective Observational Study. Neonatology 2021; 118:720-726. [PMID: 34518481 DOI: 10.1159/000518680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A has anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. We aimed to assess whether enteral water-soluble vitamin A supplementation in extremely preterm infants decreases fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation. METHODS This was a prospective observational study nested in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating enteral vitamin A (5,000 IU/day) for reducing the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 28 days of Vitamin A or placebo supplementation. RESULTS Fecal calprotectin was measured in 66 infants (Vitamin A: 33, Placebo: 33). The mean (standard deviation) gestational age (25.5 [1.55] vs. 25.8 [1.48]; p = 0.341) (week), birth weight (810 [200] vs. 877 [251]; p = 0.240) (gram), and factors influencing fecal calprotectin levels were comparable between the vitamin A versus placebo group infants. All infants were exclusively fed with mother's or donor's human breast milk if mother's milk was unavailable using a standardized feeding regimen and received prophylactic probiotic supplementation. Fecal calprotectin levels (median; 25th-75th centiles) (micrograms/gram of feces) were not significantly different between vitamin A (152; 97-212) and placebo groups (179; 91-313) (p = 0.195). Two infants in the vitamin A group developed definite necrotizing enterocolitis compared to none in the placebo group. Incidence of BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age was similar between the groups (vitamin A: 18/33, placebo: 13/33, p = 0.218). CONCLUSION Enteral supplementation with water-soluble vitamin A did not affect fecal calprotectin levels in extremely preterm infants. Studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Rakshasbhuvankar
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Paediatric Division, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - J Jane Pillow
- Paediatric Division, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Sanjay Keshav Patole
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Paediatric Division, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Nathan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit, King Edward Memorial and Perth Children's Hospitals, Perth, Washington, Australia.,Paediatric Division, Medical School, The University of Western Australia and Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Washington, Australia
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16
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Roe MM, Hashimi M, Swain S, Woo KM, Bimczok D. p38 MAPK signaling mediates retinoic acid-induced CD103 expression in human dendritic cells. Immunology 2020; 161:230-244. [PMID: 32737889 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an active derivative of vitamin A and a key regulator of immune cell function. In dendritic cells (DCs), RA drives the expression of CD103 (integrin αE ), a functionally relevant DC subset marker. In this study, we analyzed the cell type specificity and the molecular mechanisms involved in RA-induced CD103 expression. We show that RA treatment caused a significant up-regulation of CD103 in differentiated monocyte-derived DCs and blood DCs, but not in differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages or T cells. DC treatment with an RA receptor α (RARα) agonist led to an increase in CD103 expression similar to that in RA treatment, whereas RARA gene silencing with small interfering RNA blocked RA-induced up-regulation of CD103, pointing to a major role of RARα in the regulation of CD103 expression. To elucidate RA-induced signaling downstream of RARα, we used Western blot analysis of RA-treated DCs and showed a significant increase of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. In addition, DCs cultured with RA and a p38 MAPK inhibitor had a significantly reduced expression of CD103 compared with DCs cultured with RA only, indicating that p38 MAPK is involved in CD103 regulation. In summary, these findings suggest that the RA-induced expression of CD103 is specific to DCs, is mediated primarily through RARα and involves p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Roe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Marziah Hashimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Steve Swain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Krista M Woo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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17
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Carlberg C, Muñoz A. An update on vitamin D signaling and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:217-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Sulfur-containing amino acid supplementation to gilts from late pregnancy to lactation altered offspring's intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1227-1242. [PMID: 31853564 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during late pregnancy and lactation is highly involved with the offspring's health status. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different ratios of methionine and cysteine (Met/Cys: 46% Met, 51% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met; maintained with 0.78% of total sulfur-containing amino acids; details in "Materials and methods") supplements in the sows' diet from late pregnancy to lactation on offspring's plasma metabolomics and intestinal microbiota. The results revealed that the level of serum albumin, calcium, iron, and magnesium was increased in the 51% Met group compared with the 46% Met, 56% Met, and 62% Met groups. Plasma metabolomics results indicated that the higher ratios of methionine and cysteine (0.51% Met, 0.56% Met, and 0.62% Met)-supplemented groups enriched the level of hippuric acid, retinoic acid, riboflavin, and δ-tocopherol than in the 46% Met group. Furthermore, the 51% Met-supplemented group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the 62% Met-supplemented group increased the abundance of Proteobacteria compared with the other three groups (P < 0.05) in piglets' intestine. These results indicated that a diet consisting with 51% Met is the optimum Met/Cys ratio from late pregnancy to lactation can maintain the offspring's health by improving the serum biochemical indicators and altering the plasma metabolomics profile and intestinal gut microbiota composition, but higher proportion of Met/Cys may increase the possible risk to offspring's health.
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Hausmann J, Kubesch A, Amiri M, Filmann N, Blumenstein I. Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091319. [PMID: 31461996 PMCID: PMC6780251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Vitamin D has an inhibitory role in the inflammatory signaling pathways and supports the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Due to its immunomodulatory effect, vitamin D plays a role in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a deficiency is associated with an increased risk for a flare. We aimed to investigate to what extent the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3) level correlates with disease activity and whether a cut-off value can be defined that discriminates between active disease and remission. Methods: Patients with IBD, treated at the University Hospital Frankfurt were analyzed retrospectively. The 25(OH)D3 levels were correlated with clinical activity indices and laboratory chemical activity parameters. A deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D3 levels <30 ng/mL. Results: A total of 470 (257 female) patients with IBD were included, 272 (57.9%) with Crohn’s disease (CD), 198 (42.1%) with ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age of the patients was 41 (18–84). In 283 patients (60.2%), a vitamin D deficiency was detected. 245 (53.6%) patients received oral vitamin D supplementation, and supplemented patients had significantly higher vitamin D levels (p < 0.0001). Remission, vitamin D substitution, and male gender were independently associated with the 25(OH)D3 serum concentration in our cohort in regression analysis. A 25(OH)D3 serum concentration of 27.5 ng/mL was the optimal cut-off value. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in IBD patients and appears to be associated with increased disease activity. In our study, vitamin D levels were inversely associated with disease activity. Thus, close monitoring should be established, and optimized supplementation should take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hausmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Alica Kubesch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mana Amiri
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Natalie Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irina Blumenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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