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Abdelazeem AS, Fayed AMA, Basyony MM, Abu Hafsa SH, Mahmoud AEM. Hematology profile, digestive enzymes, thyroid hormones, productivity, and nitrogen balance of growing male rabbits supplemented with exogenous dietary lysozyme. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3637-3646. [PMID: 36905153 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2187411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
In a simple randomized design trial, 420 growing male V-Line rabbits were randomly distributed into four groups to investigate the impact of exogenous dietary lysozyme on some physiological and nutritional parameters of male growing rabbits supplemented with exogenous dietary lysozyme. The witness group received a basal diet without exogenous dietary lysozyme (LYZ0), while the exogenous dietary lysozyme groups received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of basal diet (Groups; LYZ50, LYZ100 and LYZ150), respectively. The results showed significantly increased in blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell, lipase, protease, amylase, total protein, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels, while thyroid stimulating hormone levels significantly lessened in rabbits received LYZ. The LYZ- rabbit diets improved total digestible nutrient, digestible crude protein, and digestible energy values, with the LYZ100 group outperforming the others. LYZ-treated rabbits had significantly higher nitrogen intake, digestible nitrogen, and nitrogen balance than the witness group. The lysozyme in a rabbit's diet is taking on a new role as a digestive enzyme, enhancement thyroid hormones, as well as improvement hematology, daily protein efficiency ratio, daily performance index, hot carcass, total edible parts, nutritional value, and nitrogen balance, with decreasing the daily caloric conversion ratio and total non-edible parts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal M A Fayed
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Basyony
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Salma H Abu Hafsa
- Livestock Research Department, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr E M Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Liu X, Kim IH. Influence of Achyranthes japonica extracts supplementation in the diets of finishing pigs. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:810-818. [PMID: 34080785 PMCID: PMC10029891 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbs and their extracts have been used for a long time in animal industries as alternatives to an antibiotic. OBJECTIVES This study was evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Achyranthes japonica extracts (AJE) on the performance and production parameters in finishing pigs. METHODS Totally, 100 pigs with an average body weight of 50.33 ± 4.61 kg were used as a 10-week feeding trial. Pigs (five replicates, three barrows and two gilts per pen) were allotted randomly to four treatments as the addition of 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% of AJE in basal diets. RESULTS A linear increase (p < .05) in average daily gain was observed during week 5, week 10 and overall period, and a linear decrease (p < .05) was observed in the feed conversion ratio during week 5. A linear increase (p < .05) in dry matter, protein digestibility and faecal ammonia emission on week 5 and week 10 and a linear increase (p < .05) in serum total protein concentration on week 10 of pigs fed diets supplemented with graded levels of AJE was observed. Faecal lactic acid bacteria counts showed a linear increase (p < .05) on week 5 with the increasing levels of AJE. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, there existed improvements in growth performance, nutrients digestibility, serum total protein, faecal coliform bacteria and lactic acid bacteria counts and faecal ammonia emission in the finishing pigs fed with AJE-supplemented diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University Cheonan-si, Chungnam, Korea
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Li G, Wang X, Liu Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Gong S, Zhu L, He D, Wang H. Supplementation with honeysuckle extract improves growth performance, immune performance, gut morphology, and cecal microbes in geese. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1006318. [PMID: 36406074 PMCID: PMC9669450 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1006318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of honeysuckle extract (HE) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, immune organ indexes, gut morphology, and gut microbes in geese. A total of 180 28-day-old Holdobaki geese were randomly divided into three groups. Each group contained 6 replicates (10 geese, with 5 males and 5 females). The BD group was fed the basal diet, the HE1 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of HE, and the HE2 group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg of HE. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed that, compared with the BD group, the average daily gain (ADG) of the HE1 and HE2 groups tended to increase (0.05 < P < 0.10), but the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and final body weight (BW) did not differ significantly, and the feed/gain ratio (F/G) was significantly lower (P < 0.01). The bursa index and the thymus index tended to increase (0.05 < P < 0.10), and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased significantly (P < 0.05). In the HE1 and HE2 groups, the crypt depth (CD) in the jejunum tended to decrease (0.05 < P < 0.10), and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) increased significantly in the jejunum and the ileum (P < 0.05). According to 16sRNA microbial community diversity analysis, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. The abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while that of Bacteroidetes was significantly increased (P < 0.01), in the HE1 and HE2 groups compared with the BD group. Bacteroides barnesiae, Subdoligranulum variabile, Bacteroides plebeius, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were the dominant species, and the abundance of B. plebeius and F. prausnitzii was significantly increased (P < 0.05). According to the LEfSe analysis, BD enriched g_Dorea and g_Dehalobacterium; HE1 enriched g_Faecalibacterium, g_Dialister, g_Prevotella, g_Megamonas, g_Phascolarctobacterium, g_Paraprevotella, g_Anaerostipes, g_Staphylococcus, g_Odoribacter, g_Succinivibrio, and g_Sutterella; and HE2 enriched g_Parabacteroides, g_Olsenella, g_human, and g_Rikenella. According to the Spearman correlation analysis, Bacteroides plebeius was positively correlated with final BW, ADG, IgA, IgG, VH (ileum), and V/C (ileum) and was negatively correlated with F/G and CD (ileum); Ruminococcus gnavus was negatively correlated with final BW, ADG, IgA, and IgG. HE supplementation at 1 g/kg improved growth performance, immune performance, gut morphology, and cecal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daqian He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Wang L, Huo B, Huang L, Che L, Feng B, Lin Y, Xu S, Wu D, Fang Z. Dietary supplementation with a mixture of herbal extracts during late gestation and lactation improves performance of sows and nursing piglets through regulation of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1026088. [PMID: 36213410 PMCID: PMC9538178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1026088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary inclusion of phytogenic feed additives to improve the performance and health of sows is considered to be safe, effective and environmentally friendly, thus gaining growing popularity among new strategies. This study was designed with three trials aimed to determine the effective supplemental levels of Scutellaria baicalensis and Lonicera japonica mixed extracts (SLE) in sow diets based on production performance and explore its related mechanisms of action based on serum metabolites, antioxidant capacity, and immune profile of sows and nursing piglets. Trials 1 and 2 were conducted to determine the effective dose and ratio of SLE by supplementation of various proportions and doses of SLE to sows diets from the late pregnancy to weaning, with litter performance at farrowing and weaning and disease conditions being evaluated. Trial 3 was conducted to further explore the mechanisms of action of SLE as evaluated by serum immunity and antioxidants indices in late gestation and lactation sows. The results of trials 1 and 2 showed that dietary supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SLE (50% S. baicalensis extract, 30% L. japonica extract, and 20% wheat bran fiber as carrier) enhanced the number of piglets born alive, litter birth weight, litter weight gain, and average daily feed intake of sows during lactation, while decreased diarrhea of suckling piglets. In Trial 3, compared with the control group, dietary SLE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) sow serum glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), prolactin (PRL) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities at the farrowing, and increased (P < 0.05) sow serum prolactin, leptin, and insulin concentrations at d 14 of lactation. Fat concentrations in sow colostrum and in milk on day 14 of lactation, both IgA and IgG concentrations in colostrum, and both IL-10 and IgA concentrations in piglet serum at d 14 of lactation were all increased (P < 0.05) following dietary SLE supplementation. Altogether, dietary supplementation with the appropriate levels of SLE promoted health and growth of suckling piglets, which was associated with the improvement of maternal metabolism and transmission of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Dekon Livestock Foodstuff Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Huo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengfeng Fang
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Sureshkumar S, Kim YM, Sampath V, Kim IH. Effects of Achyranthes japonica extract on the performance of finishing pigs fed diets containing palm kernel meal and rapeseed meal as a partial alternative to soybean meal. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:88-97. [PMID: 34101262 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A total of 120 finishing pigs with an average initial body weight of 49.72 ± 0.08 kg (mean ± SD) were used in a 10 weeks trial. Pigs were randomly allotted into one of four dietary treatments (6 replicate pen/treatment, 5 pigs/pen). The nutritional dietary treatments were corn, soy bean meal, palm- kernel meal, and rapeseed meal based basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20% of Achyranthes japonica extract (AJE). Dietary inclusion of AJE supplementation had trend to increase the body weight and average daily gain of pigs at week 10 and the overall experimental period, respectively. The graded level of AJE supplement had increase the total track digestibility dry matter (p = 0.067) only at week 5 while nitrogen and energy digestibility (p < 0.05) was linearly increased at both weeks 5 and 10. During week 10, pigs fed with an increased level of AJE supplementation had linearly increase (p < 0.05) fecal Lactobacillus counts. In addition, AJE supplementation in the diet of finishing pigs had linearly decreased (p > 0.05) NH3 emission of gas and trend to decrease total mercaptans during week 10. Dietary inclusion of AJE supplement resulted in a linear increase in the blood protein concentration level. Moreover, drip loss was linearly reduced on day 5 and day 7 (p > 0.05) post slaughter in finishing pigs fed with gradually increased levels of AJE supplementation. During weeks 5 and 10, pigs fed with graded levels of AJE supplementation had linearly increase (p < 0.05) the backfat thickness and lean meat percentage. Therefore we conclude that dietary inclusion of AJE with palm kernel meal and rapeseed meal could be benificial to enhance the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, blood prolife, meat quality and reduced fecal gas emission in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Dang DX, Kim IH. Effects of Quillaja saponin supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Quillaja saponin (QS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 50 crossbred growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an initial body weight of 23.83 ± 1.95 kg were randomly assigned to one of two treatments for a 56 d trial with five replicate pens per treatment and five pigs (two barrows and three gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments including control diet and control diet supplemented with 200 mg·kg−1 QS. The average daily gain was significantly increased during days 0–56, whereas the fecal ammonia emission on day 56 and fecal coliform bacteria counts on day 28 were significantly decreased in pigs fed with QS-containing diet. However, dietary supplementation of QS had no significant effects on apparent total tract digestibility. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 200 mg·kg−1 QS had beneficial effects on growth performance, fecal microbiota, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Considering the carry-over effects, the adaption period should be at least 28 d when supplementing 200 mg·kg−1 QS to the diet of growing pigs for improving the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xin Dang
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
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Cui Y, Lu H, Tian Z, Deng D, Ma X. Current trends of Chinese herbal medicines on meat quality of pigs. A review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138775/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tang X, Liu X, Zhong J, Fang R. Potential Application of Lonicera japonica Extracts in Animal Production: From the Perspective of Intestinal Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:719877. [PMID: 34434181 PMCID: PMC8381474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) extract is rich in active substances, such as phenolic acids, essential oils, flavones, saponins, and iridoids, which have a broad spectrum of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that L. japonica has a good regulatory effect on animal intestinal health, which can be used as a potential antibiotic substitute product. However, previous studies about intestinal health regulation mainly focus on experimental animals or cells, like mice, rats, HMC-1 Cells, and RAW 264.7 cells. In this review, the intestinal health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity, and its potential application in animal production were summarized. Through this review, we can see that the effects and mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health regulation of farm and aquatic animals are still rare and unclear. Further studies could focus on the regulatory mechanism of L. japonica extract on intestinal health especially the protective effects of L. japonica extract on oxidative injury, inflammation, and regulation of intestinal flora in farm animals and aquatic animals, thereby providing references for the rational utilization and application of L. japonica and its extracts in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, College of Biotechnology, Hengyang, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Wang M, Huang H, Wang L, Yang H, He S, Liu F, Tu Q, He S. Herbal Extract Mixture Modulates Intestinal Antioxidative Capacity and Microbiota in Weaning Piglets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:706758. [PMID: 34394056 PMCID: PMC8357371 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, herbal extracts have been applied in multiple aspects, such as medicine and animal feed. Different compositions of herbal extract mixture (HEM) have various components and diverse functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HEM (Lonicera japonica, Astragalus membranaceus, Eucommia folium, and Codonopsis pilosula) on intestinal antioxidant capacity and colonic microbiota in weaned pigs. A total of 18 piglets [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with the initial body weight of 5.99 ± 0.13 kg (weaned at 21 days) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 9): the control group (CON, basal diet) and the HEM treatment group (HEM, 1,000 mg/kg HEM + basal diet). The experiment period lasted for 14 days. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with HEM modulated the antioxidant capacity through decreasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the ileum and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum, and decreasing the mRNA expression of Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the jejunum and the protein level of Keap1 in the ileum. Moreover, the HEM group modified the composition of colonic microbiota with affecting relative abundances of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. Taken together, supplementation of HEM can regulate the antioxidant capacity and modify the composition of colonic bacteria in weaning piglets. This study provides new insights into the combination effects of herbal extracts on weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengwen He
- Anhui Tianan Biotechnology Company Limited, Luan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Yucheng Baolikang Biological Feed Company Limited, Dezhou, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Yucheng Baolikang Biological Feed Company Limited, Dezhou, China
| | - Shanping He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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EL-Deep MH, Amber KA, Eid YZ, Aboelenin SM, Soliman MM, Sakr MS, Dawood MAO. The Influence of Chicken Egg Lysozyme or Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Antibacterial Capacity, Blood Profiles, and Antioxidative Status of Rabbits: A Comparative Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061731. [PMID: 34200585 PMCID: PMC8230094 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the beneficial role of antibiotics in reducing bacterial infection in rabbits, there is an indirect harmful influence on human health. Thus, replacing antibiotics with friendly alternatives is a suitable strategy to protect the performance and welfare of rabbits. This study aimed at comparing the effects of including dietary egg lysozyme and zinc bacitracin antibiotic (ZnB) on the productivity and health conditions of rabbits. The results show a marked enhancement of the growth performance, antibacterial capacity, blood health, and antioxidative status in rabbits treated with egg lysozyme compared with those treated with ZnB. Thus, using egg lysozyme is recommended to replace the usage of ZnB in rabbit production. Abstract Dietary egg lysozyme has beneficial roles in the growth performance and health conditions of animals. The study was performed using 90 multicolored rabbits in three groups (each replicate with thirty rabbits). In the control group, rabbits were fed a diet without zinc bacitracin (ZnB) or egg lysozyme, while the second and third groups were treated with ZnB and lysozyme additive at 100 mg/kg, respectively. After eight weeks, the final weight and body weight gain (BWG) of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were meaningfully increased (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was markedly decreased by dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB (p < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary egg lysozyme resulted in higher final weight and BWG and lower FCR than rabbits treated with ZnB (p < 0.05). Rabbits treated with egg lysozyme and ZnB additives had markedly lower populations of Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli (p < 0.05) compared with the control. However, the counts of Lactobacillus and total bacteria were meaningfully increased in the the intestines of rabbits treated with egg lysozyme and ZnB (p < 0.05). The blood total protein and globulin of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were meaningfully increased (p < 0.05). Blood creatinine was significantly lowered by dietary egg lysozyme compared with the control and ZnB-treated rabbits (p < 0.05). The levels of blood urea, ALT, and AST were markedly lowered (p < 0.05) by dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB. The gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were markedly upregulated (p < 0.05) compared with the control. Dietary egg lysozyme resulted in higher expression of SOD1 and GPX genes than rabbits treated with ZnB (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of egg lysozyme could replace the inclusion of ZnB in the diets of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H. EL-Deep
- Animal Production Research Institute, Sakha Station, Kafr El-Sheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.H.E.-D.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Khairy A. Amber
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (K.A.A.); (Y.Z.E.)
| | - Yahia Z. Eid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (K.A.A.); (Y.Z.E.)
| | - Salama Mostafa Aboelenin
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed S. Sakr
- Animal Production Research Institute, Sakha Station, Kafr El-Sheikh 33717, Egypt; (M.H.E.-D.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Yin B, Li W, Qin H, Yun J, Sun X. The Use of Chinese Skullcap ( Scutellaria baicalensis) and Its Extracts for Sustainable Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041039. [PMID: 33917159 PMCID: PMC8067852 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the increasing pressure to address the problems of bacterial resistance and drug residues, medicinal herbs are gradually taking a more important role in animal production. Scutellaria baicalensis is a common and widely used Chinese medicinal herb. The main bioactive compounds in the plant are baicalein and baicalin. These compounds have many biological functions including anti-oxidation, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects. S. baicalensis and its extracts can effectively promote animal growth, improve the production performance of dairy cows, reduce the stress and inflammatory response, and have effective therapeutic effects on diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic microorganisms. This paper summarizes the biological function of S. baicalensis and its application in sustainable animal production to provide a reference for future application of S. baicalensis and other medicinal herbs in animal production and disease treatment. Abstract Drugs have been widely adopted in animal production. However, drug residues and bacterial resistance are a worldwide issue, and thus the most important organizations (FAO, USDA, EU, and EFSA) have limited or banned the use of some drugs and the use of antibiotics as growth promoters. Natural products such as medicinal herbs are unlikely to cause bacterial resistance and have no chemical residues. With these advantages, medicinal herbs have long been used to treat animal diseases and improve animal performance. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the study of medicinal herbs. S. baicalensis is a herb with a high medicinal value. The main active compounds are baicalin and baicalein. They may act as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents. They also possess characteristics of being safe, purely natural, and not prone to drug resistance. S. baicalensis and its extracts can effectively promote the production performance of livestock and treat many animal diseases, such as mastitis. In this review, we summarize the active compounds, biological functions, and applications of S. baicalensis in the production of livestock and provide a guideline for the application of natural medicines in the production and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishuang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongyu Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyan Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; (B.Y.); (W.L.); (H.Q.); (J.Y.)
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin 132109, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-4327-5745
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Dang DX, Li YJ, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic bio-conversion of Scutellaria baicalensis extract as an alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, fecal gas emission, blood hematology, and antioxidative indicators in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jia R, Du J, Cao L, Feng W, Xu P, Yin G. Effects of dietary baicalin supplementation on growth performance, antioxidative status and protection against oxidative stress-induced liver injury in GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108914. [PMID: 33141079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin, a main bioactive compound of Scutellaria baicalensis, has a variety of pharmacological activities including antioxidation, anti-inflammation and hepatoprotection. However, there are few reports on these biological activities in fish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of baicalin on growth performance, antioxidative status and hepatoprotection in tilapia. The fish were fed on different doses of baicalin (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg diet). After feeding 60 days, parts of fishes were netted, and the blood, liver, gills and muscle tissues were collected to analyze the antioxidative effect. The remaining fishes were injected with saline or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for challenge test. The results showed that the specific growth rate of fish was slightly increased in three baicalin treatments, and the feed efficiency was clearly improved in 0.4 g/kg baicalin treatment. Meanwhile, the antioxidative capacity in blood, liver and/or gill was enhanced in treatments with 0.4, 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin. After challenge test, the pre-treatments with baicalin effectively alleviated H2O2-induced liver injury. In serum and liver, pre-treatments with 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin suppressed the oxidative damage induced by H2O2, as evidenced by improvement of the levels of SOD, T-AOC and GSH and the decline of MDA level. More important, pre-treatments with 0.4, 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin blocked the upregulation of mRNA levels of tlr1, myd88, irak4, rela, tnf-α and il-1β in H2O2-induced liver injury. In summary, dietary baicalin supplementation could improve feed efficiency, enhance antioxidative ability and alleviate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wengrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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14
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Lei XJ, Lee SI, Kim IH. Effects of different levels of dietary protein with or without plant extract YGF251 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:547-553. [PMID: 30793461 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant extract YGF251 supplementation in different protein level diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 144 pigs (24.72 ± 1.54 kg) were randomly assigned to the treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of dietary protein levels (15.50%, 14.00% or 12.50%) and plant extract YGF251 levels (0 or 0.05%) with 6 replications per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs fed low protein diets had reduced average daily gain (p < 0.05) and increased feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) compared with pigs fed high protein diets. The apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen was decreased (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions were reduced (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that reducing dietary protein level impaired growth performance and nitrogen digestibility but reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions in growing pigs. Dietary supplementation with 0.05% herbal extract YGF251 was not effective in improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or in decreasing gas emission in different protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea
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15
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Lei XJ, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dried citrus pulp and fermented medicinal plants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and meat quality in growing–finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dried citrus pulp and fermented medicinal plants in growing–finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs (62.34 ± 1.96 kg body weight) were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments: (1) control, basal diet (CON); (2) diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp (DCP); (3) diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp supplemented with 0.1% fermented medicinal plants (DCPFMP). From weeks 0 to 5 and 0 to 10, pigs fed the DCPFMP diet had significantly decreased (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake and increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed ratio compared with those fed the CON diet. The apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy was greater (P < 0.05), and serum total cholesterol concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the DCPFMP diet compared with those fed the DCP diet in week 10. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in Longissimus muscle area was observed for pigs fed the DCPFMP diet compared with those fed the CON diet. In conclusion, supplementation with fermented medicinal plants in a diet containing 10% dried citrus pulp improved growth performance and Longissimus muscle area and lowered serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, South Korea
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Lei XJ, Yun HM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of natural and fermented herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, meat quality and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1429955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jian Lei
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Min Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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