1
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Abdollahi A, Szramowski M, Tomoo K, Henderson GC. Metabolic responses to albumin deficiency differ distinctly between partial and full ablation of albumin expression in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:242. [PMID: 39123208 PMCID: PMC11312229 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It had been observed that homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) exhibit low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and improved blood glucose regulation. However, it was not yet known to what extent heterozygous albumin knockout (Alb+/-) mice would display a similar phenotype. Alb-/-, Alb+/-, and wild-type (WT) female mice were studied on a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). On both diets, decreased plasma FFA concentration, and improved glucose tolerance test were observed in Alb-/-, but not in Alb+/-, compared to WT. Plasma adiponectin concentration showed greater elevation in Alb-/- than Alb+/-. Consistent with that, adiponectin gene expression was significantly higher in Alb-/- mice than in Alb+/- and WT mice. A dose-dependent response was observed for hepatic Acadl gene expression showing higher Acadl gene expression in Alb-/- mice than in Alb+/- and WT mice. In conclusion, although female Alb+/- mice exhibited some slight differences from WT mice (e.g., increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic Acadl gene expression), Alb+/- mice did not exhibit improved glucoregulation in comparison to WT mice, indicating that a minor suppression of albumin expression is not sufficient to improve glucoregulation. Furthermore, it is now clear that although the response of female mice to HFD might be unique from how males generally respond, still the complete albumin deficiency in Alb-/- mice and the associated FFA reduction is capable of improving glucoregulation in females on this diet. The present results have implications for the role of albumin and FFA in the regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 208, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 208, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Keigo Tomoo
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 208, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, STON 208, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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2
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Zhao F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li C, Liu S, Li R, Du R. In vivo Fate of Targeted Drug Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6895-6929. [PMID: 39005963 PMCID: PMC11246094 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s465959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically investigate the intracellular and subcellular fate of various types of targeting carriers. Upon entering the body via intravenous injection or other routes, a targeting carrier that can deliver therapeutic agents initiates their journey. If administered intravenously, the carrier initially faces challenges presented by the blood circulation before reaching specific tissues and interacting with cells within the tissue. At the subcellular level, the car2rier undergoes processes, such as drug release, degradation, and metabolism, through specific pathways. While studies on the fate of 13 types of carriers have been relatively conclusive, these studies are incomplete and lack a comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, there are still carriers whose fate remains unclear, underscoring the need for continuous research. This study highlights the importance of comprehending the in vivo and intracellular fate of targeting carriers and provides valuable insights into the operational mechanisms of different carriers within the body. By doing so, researchers can effectively select appropriate carriers and enhance the successful clinical translation of new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinru Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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3
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Ma G, Crowley AR, Heyndrickx L, Rogiers I, Parthoens E, Van Santbergen J, Ober RJ, Bobkov V, de Haard H, Ulrichts P, Hofman E, Louagie E, Balbino B, Ward ES. Differential effects of FcRn antagonists on the subcellular trafficking of FcRn and albumin. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176166. [PMID: 38713534 PMCID: PMC11141909 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of IgG is maintained by the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn. Consequently, antagonism of FcRn to reduce endogenous IgG levels is an emerging strategy for treating antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders using either FcRn-specific antibodies or an engineered Fc fragment. For certain FcRn-specific antibodies, this approach has resulted in reductions in the levels of serum albumin, the other major ligand transported by FcRn. Cellular and molecular analyses of a panel of FcRn antagonists have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms leading to their differential effects on albumin homeostasis. These analyses have identified 2 processes underlying decreases in albumin levels during FcRn blockade: increased degradation of FcRn and competition between antagonist and albumin for FcRn binding. These findings have potential implications for the design of drugs to modulate FcRn function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Ma
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Crowley
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eef Parthoens
- VIB BioImaging Core, Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Raimund J. Ober
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E. Sally Ward
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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4
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Tomoo K, Szramowski M, Pinal R, Meyer JM, Zhang Y, Murray-Kolb LE, Henderson GC. Albumin is an important factor in the control of serum free fatty acid flux in both male and female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1065-1075. [PMID: 38482577 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00894.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice exhibit a low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, but it was not known if the suppressed concentration reflects a lower rate of appearance (Ra) of FFA in the circulation (i.e., lower FFA flux) or if the absence of albumin alters the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. For understanding the role of albumin in FFA transport through the bloodstream, it is not sufficient to rely on FFA concentration data alone. Therefore, we developed a method to study FFA kinetics in Alb-/- mice. Using an albumin-free formulation of [U-13C]palmitate tracer, serum FFA kinetics were tested in Alb-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Results indicate that the flux of FFA in serum of Alb-/- mice was significantly lower than in WT mice (P < 0.05), while albumin deficiency did not alter the relationship between FFA flux and concentration. Next, to test if suppressed lipolysis might have also been involved in the suppressed FFA kinetics, gene expression of a lipolytic enzyme (adipose triglyceride lipase, Atgl) and a marker of lipolysis (phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase, p-HSL) were measured in adipose tissue. In contrast to the low FFA flux in Alb-/-, both Atgl gene expression and p-HSL protein were significantly higher in adipose tissue of Alb-/- than in WT mice (P < 0.05). Thus, the low FFA flux in Alb-/- appeared to be driven by the absence of albumin's FFA binding functions rather than through regulation of lipolysis, indicating that albumin is an important factor in determining the flux of FFA in circulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To improve understanding of the albumin protein's function in vivo, we tested plasma free fatty acid kinetics in albumin knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Using a new tracer formulation strategy, it was discovered that the appearance rate of free fatty acids in serum is lower in albumin knockout mice than in wild-type mice. The results indicate that albumin is a major controller of free fatty acid kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Tomoo
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Rodolfo Pinal
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Juliauna M Meyer
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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5
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Bowman CE, Neinast MD, Jang C, Patel J, Blair MC, Mirek ET, Jonsson WO, Chu Q, Merlo L, Mandik-Nayak L, Anthony TG, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Off-target depletion of plasma tryptophan by allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.582974. [PMID: 38496495 PMCID: PMC10942310 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.582974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has garnered interest as a potential therapeutic approach to improve insulin sensitivity, enhance recovery from heart failure, and blunt tumor growth. Evidence for this interest relies in part on BT2, a small molecule that promotes BCAA oxidation and is protective in mouse models of these pathologies. BT2 and other analogs allosterically inhibit branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) to promote BCAA oxidation, which is presumed to underlie the salutary effects of BT2. Potential "off-target" effects of BT2 have not been considered, however. We therefore tested for metabolic off-target effects of BT2 in Bckdk-/- animals. As expected, BT2 failed to activate BCAA oxidation in these animals. Surprisingly, however, BT2 strongly reduced plasma tryptophan levels and promoted catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine in both control and Bckdk-/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that none of the principal tryptophan catabolic or kynurenine-producing/consuming enzymes (TDO, IDO1, IDO2, or KATs) were required for BT2-mediated lowering of plasma tryptophan. Instead, using equilibrium dialysis assays and mice lacking albumin, we show that BT2 avidly binds plasma albumin and displaces tryptophan, releasing it for catabolism. These data confirm that BT2 activates BCAA oxidation via inhibition of BCKDK but also reveal a robust off-target effect on tryptophan metabolism via displacement from serum albumin. The data highlight a potential confounding effect for pharmaceutical compounds that compete for binding with albumin-bound tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present address: Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | - Michael D. Neinast
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiten Patel
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan C. Blair
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Merlo
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Zhang Y, Abdollahi A, Andolino C, Tomoo K, Foster BM, Aryal UK, Henderson GC. Performance evaluation of different albumin assays for the detection of analbuminemia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300130. [PMID: 38446837 PMCID: PMC10917273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Analbuminemia is characterized by the near absence of albumin in the plasma. Different methods are available for measuring albumin levels, but they do not necessarily agree with one another. It is a concern that analbuminemic samples could be falsely characterized due to the incorrect estimation of albumin. The objective of the work was to evaluate the performance of different assays in detecting analbuminemia. Albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mouse plasma was used to test the suitability of different albumin assays for their ability to properly characterize extreme albumin deficiency. Bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gel electrophoresis were tested. The LC-MS/MS assay exhibited broad coverage of the amino acid sequence of albumin and indicated 8,400-fold lower (P<0.0001) albumin expression in Alb-/- than wildtype (WT), demonstrating its suitability for identifying extreme albumin deficiency. ELISA estimated albumin at 1.5±0.1 g/dL in WT and was below the detection limit in all Alb-/- samples. Gel electrophoresis yielded consistent results with LC-MS/MS and ELISA. The BCG assay overestimated albumin with apparently appreciable albumin concentrations in Alb-/- mice, yet the assay still indicated a significant difference between genotypes (Alb-/-, 1.2±0.05 g/dL, WT, 3.7±0.1 g/dL, P<0.0001). BCP drastically overestimated albumin and could not successfully identify the known analbuminemic phenotype of Alb-/- mice. By using Alb-/- plasma as a reference material and LC-MS/MS as a reference method, ELISA and gel electrophoresis appear appropriate for identifying analbuminemia, while BCG and BCP are not suitable. It is concluded that dye-binding assays should be avoided when extreme hypoalbuminemia or analbuminemia is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Chaylen Andolino
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Keigo Tomoo
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Bailey M. Foster
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
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7
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Wurzer A, De Rose F, Fischer S, Schwaiger M, Weber W, Nekolla S, Wester HJ, Eiber M, D'Alessandria C. Preclinical comparison of [ 177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 and [ 177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.2 for endoradiotherapy of prostate cancer: biodistribution and dosimetry studies. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38407630 PMCID: PMC10897098 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiohybrid PSMA-targeted ligands (rhPSMA) have been introduced as a novel platform for theranostic applications. Among a variety of rhPSMA-ligands developed for radioligand therapy, two stereoisomers [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 and -10.2 have been synthesized and initially characterized in preclinical experiments with the aim to provide an optimized binding profile to human serum albumin, a reduction of charge, and thus accelerated kidney excretion, and unaffected or even improved tumor uptake. As both isomers showed similar in vitro characteristics and tumor uptake at 24 h post injection in tumor bearing mice and in order to identify the isomer with the most favorable pharmacokinetics for radioligand therapy, we carried out in-depth biodistribution and dosimetry studies in tumor-bearing and healthy mice. RESULTS rhPSMA-10.1 and -10.2 were radiolabeled with lutetium-177 according to the established procedures of other DOTA-based PSMA ligands and displayed a high and comparable stability in all buffers and human serum (> 97%, 24 h). Biodistribution studies revealed fast clearance from the blood pool (0.3-0.6%ID/g at 1 h) and other background tissues within 48 h. Distinctive differences were found in the kidneys, where [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 displayed lower initial uptake and faster excretion kinetics compared to [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.2 expressed by a 1.5-fold and ninefold lower uptake value at 1 h and 24 h in healthy animals, respectively. Tumor uptake was comparable and in the range of 8.6-11.6%ID/g for both isomers over 24 h and was maintained up to 168 h at a level of 2.2 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 1.4%ID/g for [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 and [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.2, respectively. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data on biodistribution and dosimetry indicate a more favorable profile of [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 compared to [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.2 for PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy. [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 shows fast kidney clearance kinetics resulting in excellent tumor-to-organ ratios over a therapy relevant time course. Meanwhile, [177Lu]Lu-rhPSMA-10.1 is currently being investigated in clinical phase I/II studies in patients with mCRPC (NCT05413850), in patients with high-risk localized PC (NCT06066437, Nautilus Trial) and after external beam radiotherapy (NCT06105918).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wurzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Francesco De Rose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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8
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Dinesen A, Andersen VL, Elkhashab M, Pilati D, Bech P, Fuchs E, Samuelsen TR, Winther A, Cai Y, Märcher A, Wall A, Omer M, Nielsen JS, Chudasama V, Baker JR, Gothelf KV, Wengel J, Kjems J, Howard KA. An Albumin-Holliday Junction Biomolecular Modular Design for Programmable Multifunctionality and Prolonged Circulation. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:214-222. [PMID: 38231391 PMCID: PMC10886128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Combinatorial properties such as long-circulation and site- and cell-specific engagement need to be built into the design of advanced drug delivery systems to maximize drug payload efficacy. This work introduces a four-stranded oligonucleotide Holliday Junction (HJ) motif bearing functional moieties covalently conjugated to recombinant human albumin (rHA) to give a "plug-and-play" rHA-HJ multifunctional biomolecular assembly with extended circulation. Electrophoretic gel-shift assays show successful functionalization and purity of the individual high-performance liquid chromatography-purified modules as well as efficient assembly of the rHA-HJ construct. Inclusion of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting nanobody module facilitates specific binding to EGFR-expressing cells resulting in approximately 150-fold increased fluorescence intensity determined by flow cytometric analysis compared to assemblies absent of nanobody inclusion. A cellular recycling assay demonstrated retained albumin-neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding affinity and accompanying FcRn-driven cellular recycling. This translated to a 4-fold circulatory half-life extension (2.2 and 0.55 h, for the rHA-HJ and HJ, respectively) in a double transgenic humanized FcRn/albumin mouse. This work introduces a novel biomolecular albumin-nucleic acid construct with extended circulatory half-life and programmable multifunctionality due to its modular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dinesen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Veronica L. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Marwa Elkhashab
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Diego Pilati
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bech
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Fuchs
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Torbjørn R. Samuelsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Alexander Winther
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Cai
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Archie Wall
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Marjan Omer
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Jesper S. Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - James R. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic
Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
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9
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Garg U, Jain N, Kaul S, Nagaich U. Role of Albumin as a Targeted Drug Carrier in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5345-5358. [PMID: 37870420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An endogenous transporter protein called albumin interacts with the Fc receptor to provide it with multiple substrate-binding domains, cell membrane receptor activation, and an extended circulating half-life. Albumin has the remarkable ability to bind with receptors viz. secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and scavenger protein-A (SR-A) that are overexpressed during rheumatoid arthritis (RA), enabling active targeting of the disease site instead of requiring specialized substrates to be added to the nanocarrier. RA, a chronic autoimmune illness, is characterized by the presence of a severe inflammatory response. RA patients have low serum albumin concentration, which signifies the high uptake of albumin at the inflammatory sites, giving a rationale to use albumin as a drug carrier for RA therapy. Albumin has the capacity for both passive and active targeting. It is an abundantly available protein in the bloodstream showing excellent cellular compatibility, degradability in biological tissues, nonantigenicity, and safety. There are three strategies of albumin mediated drug delivery as encapsulating therapeutics in albumin nanoparticles, chemically conjugating drugs with functional proteins, and albumin itself which is used as a targeting ligand to deliver drugs specifically to cells or tissues that express albumin-binding receptors. In the current review, an attempt has been made to highlight the significant evidence of albumin as a drug delivery carrier for the safe and effective management of RA. Evidence has been provided in the form of recent research advances, clinical trials, and patents. Additionally, this review will outline the prospective for the potential utilization of albumin as a drug vehicle for RA and suggest possible future avenues to provide the perspective for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnati Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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10
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Jordan CKI, Brown RL, Larkinson MLY, Sequeira RP, Edwards AM, Clarke TB. Symbiotic Firmicutes establish mutualism with the host via innate tolerance and resistance to control systemic immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1433-1449.e9. [PMID: 37582375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota regulates immunity across organ systems. Which symbionts control systemic immunity, the mechanisms they use, and how they avoid widespread inflammatory damage are unclear. We uncover host tolerance and resistance mechanisms that allow Firmicutes from the human microbiota to control systemic immunity without inducing immunopathology. Intestinal processing releases Firmicute glycoconjugates that disseminate, resulting in release of cytokine IL-34 that stimulates macrophages and enhances defenses against pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Despite systemic penetration of Firmicutes, immune homeostasis is maintained through feedback control whereby IL-34-mediated mTORC1 activation in macrophages clears polymeric glycoconjugates from peripheral tissues. Smaller glycoconjugates evading this clearance mechanism are tolerated through sequestration by albumin, which acts as an inflammatory buffer constraining their immunological impact. Without these resistance and tolerance mechanisms, Firmicutes drive catastrophic organ damage and cachexia via IL-1β. This reveals how Firmicutes are safely assimilated into systemic immunity to protect against infection without threatening host viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine K I Jordan
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Brown
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Max L Y Larkinson
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard P Sequeira
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas B Clarke
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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11
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Mendiola AS, Yan Z, Dixit K, Johnson JR, Bouhaddou M, Meyer-Franke A, Shin MG, Yong Y, Agrawal A, MacDonald E, Muthukumar G, Pearce C, Arun N, Cabriga B, Meza-Acevedo R, Alzamora MDPS, Zamvil SS, Pico AR, Ryu JK, Krogan NJ, Akassoglou K. Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1173-1187. [PMID: 37291385 PMCID: PMC10307624 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blood protein extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier and innate immune activation are hallmarks of neurological diseases and emerging therapeutic targets. However, how blood proteins polarize innate immune cells remains largely unknown. Here, we established an unbiased blood-innate immunity multiomic and genetic loss-of-function pipeline to define the transcriptome and global phosphoproteome of blood-induced innate immune polarization and its role in microglia neurotoxicity. Blood induced widespread microglial transcriptional changes, including changes involving oxidative stress and neurodegenerative genes. Comparative functional multiomics showed that blood proteins induce distinct receptor-mediated transcriptional programs in microglia and macrophages, such as redox, type I interferon and lymphocyte recruitment. Deletion of the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen largely reversed blood-induced microglia neurodegenerative signatures. Genetic elimination of the fibrinogen-binding motif to CD11b in Alzheimer's disease mice reduced microglial lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative signatures that were shared with autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis mice. Our data provide an interactive resource for investigation of the immunology of blood proteins that could support therapeutic targeting of microglia activation by immune and vascular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Mendiola
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karuna Dixit
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yu Yong
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eilidh MacDonald
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Clairice Pearce
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nikhita Arun
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Belinda Cabriga
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rosa Meza-Acevedo
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Del Pilar S Alzamora
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jae Kyu Ryu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Neurovascular Brain Immunology at Gladstone and UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Zhang Y, Szramowski M, Sun S, Henderson GC. Combining albumin deficiency and acute exercise reduces hepatic lipid droplet size in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:78. [PMID: 37344835 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in ectopic lipid accumulation. The core of LDs, triacylglycerol (TAG), is synthesized from the esterification of fatty acids to a glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) backbone. Albumin transports plasma free fatty acids, and previously albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice were shown to exhibit lower hepatic TAG levels than wildtype (WT). Exercise is a beneficial strategy to alter hepatic metabolism, but its impacts on reducing hepatic lipids are far from satisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of albumin deficiency and acute exercise on hepatic LDs. Eight-week-old male Alb-/- and WT mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Exercised mice performed a 30-min high-intensity exercise bout. Results showed that sedentary Alb-/- mice had smaller hepatic LDs (P < 0.0001), associated with mitochondria, while WT mice exhibited larger LDs, surrounded by glycogen granules. Following acute exercise, hepatic LDs in Alb-/- mice reduced by 40% in size, while in WT increased by 14% (P < 0.0001). The maintenance of WT hepatic LDs was associated with elevated G-3-P level (P < 0.05), potentially derived from glycogen (R = -0.32, %change in glycogen versus LD content, P < 0.05). The reduction in Alb-/- mice LDs after exercise was possibly due to their low glycogen level. In conclusion, Alb-/- mice exhibited an enhanced capacity for reducing hepatic LD size and content in response to exercise. These findings suggest that modulating albumin's functions combined with exercise could be a potential strategy to reduce ectopic lipid deposition in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mirandia Szramowski
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shuhan Sun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 Mitch Daniels Blvd., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Ma B, Ju A, Zhang S, An Q, Xu S, Liu J, Yu L, Fu Y, Luo Y. Albumosomes formed by cytoplasmic pre-folding albumin maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibit nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:229. [PMID: 37321990 PMCID: PMC10272166 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the factors that maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, especially in hepatocytes, are largely unknown. Hepatocytes synthesize various high-level plasma proteins, among which albumin is most abundant. In this study, we found that pre-folding albumin in the cytoplasm is completely different from folded albumin in the serum. Mechanistically, endogenous pre-folding albumin undergoes phase transition in the cytoplasm to form a shell-like spherical structure, which we call the "albumosome". Albumosomes interact with and trap pre-folding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) in the cytoplasm. Albumosomes control the excessive sorting of CPT2 to the mitochondria under high-fat-diet-induced stress conditions; in this way, albumosomes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis from exhaustion. Physiologically, albumosomes accumulate in hepatocytes during murine aging and protect the livers of aged mice from mitochondrial damage and fat deposition. Morphologically, mature albumosomes have a mean diameter of 4μm and are surrounded by heat shock protein Hsp90 and Hsp70 family proteins, forming a larger shell. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG promotes hepatic albumosomal accumulation in vitro and in vivo, through which suppressing the progression of NAFLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Anji Ju
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qi An
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Siran Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, 518025, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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14
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Ignatz RM, Zirkenbach VA, Kaya M, Stroikova V, Öttl R, Frey N, Kaya Z. No Evidence for Myocarditis or Other Organ Affection by Induction of an Immune Response against Critical SARS-CoV-2 Protein Epitopes in a Mouse Model Susceptible for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9873. [PMID: 37373021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic, not only the infection itself but also several immune-mediated side effects led to additional consequences. Immune reactions such as epitope spreading and cross-reactivity may also play a role in the development of long-COVID, although the exact pathomechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause direct damage to the lungs but can also lead to secondary indirect organ damage (e.g., myocardial involvement), which is often associated with high mortality. To investigate whether an immune reaction against the viral peptides can lead to organ affection, a mouse strain known to be susceptible to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM), was used. First, the mice were immunized with single or pooled peptide sequences of the virus's spike (SP), membrane (MP), nucleocapsid (NP), and envelope protein (EP), then the heart and other organs such as the liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and muscle were examined for signs of inflammation or other damage. Our results showed no significant inflammation or signs of pathology in any of these organs as a result of the immunization with these different viral protein sequences. In summary, immunization with different SARS-CoV-2 spike-, membrane-, nucleocapsid-, and envelope-protein peptides does not significantly affect the heart or other organ systems adversely, even when using a highly susceptible mouse strain for experimental autoimmune diseases. This suggests that inducing an immune reaction against these peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 virus alone is not sufficient to cause inflammation and/or dysfunction of the myocardium or other studied organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansur Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Stroikova
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Öttl
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Abdollahi A, Narayanan SK, Frankovich A, Lai YC, Zhang Y, Henderson GC. Albumin Deficiency Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37432201 PMCID: PMC10181153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin facilitates the transport of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue to other organs. It was not known if impeding this process could protect from hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We tested whether albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice would exhibit a reduction in plasma FFA concentration, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucoregulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Male homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) and WT controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Alb-/- mice exhibited a similar body weight gain and body composition as WT on both diets. Despite HFD-induced obesity, Alb-/- mice were protected from various comorbidities. Compared to WT mice on the HFD, Alb-/- exhibited lower plasma FFA levels, lower blood glucose levels during glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and lower hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Alb-/- mice on HFD also exhibited elevated expression of multiple genes in the liver and adipose tissues, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in both tissues, as well as glucose transporter-4 and adiponectin in adipose tissues. The results indicate that albumin's FFA transport function may be involved in the development of hepatic lipid accumulation and dysregulated glucose metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sanjeev K. Narayanan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C. Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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16
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de Witte WEA, Avery LB, Mackness BC, Van Bogaert T, Park A, Sargentini-Maier ML. Mechanistic incorporation of FcRn binding in plasma and endosomes in a whole body PBPK model for large molecules. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2023; 50:229-241. [PMID: 36877385 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-023-09849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, endogenous IgG, and serum albumin bind to FcRn in the endosome for salvaging and recycling after pinocytotic uptake, which prolongs their half-life. This mechanism has been broadly recognized and is incorporated in currently available PBPK models. Newer types of large molecules have been designed and developed, which also bind to FcRn in the plasma space for various mechanistic reasons. To incorporate FcRn binding affinity in PBPK models, binding in the plasma space and subsequent internalisation into the endosome needs to be explicitly represented. This study investigates the large molecules model in PK-Sim® and its applicability to molecules with FcRn binding affinity in plasma. With this purpose, simulations of biologicals with and without plasma binding to FcRn were performed with the large molecule model in PK-Sim®. Subsequently, this model was extended to ensure a more mechanistic description of the internalisation of FcRn and the FcRn-drug complexes. Finally, the newly developed model was used in simulations to explore the sensitivity for FcRn binding in the plasma space, and it was fitted to an in vivo dataset of wild-type IgG and FcRn inhibitor plasma concentrations in Tg32 mice. The extended model demonstrated a strongly increased sensitivity of the terminal half-life towards the plasma FcRn binding affinity and could successfully fit the in vivo dataset in Tg32 mice with meaningful parameter estimates.
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17
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Hilbrig C, Löffler J, Fischer G, Scheidhauer E, Solbach C, Huber-Lang M, Beer AJ, Rasche V, Winter G. Evaluation of the EPR Effect in the CAM-Model by Molecular Imaging with MRI and PET Using 89Zr-Labeled HSA. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041126. [PMID: 36831469 PMCID: PMC9954539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are commonly used to study the biodistribution of novel radioligands, but alternative models corresponding to the 3Rs principles, such as the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, are highly required. While there are promising data from the CAM model regarding target-specific radiolabeled compounds, its utility for assessing macromolecule biodistribution and analyzing the EPR effect remains to demonstrated. Using 89Zr-labeled human serum albumin, the accumulation of nontarget-specific macromolecules in CAM and mouse xenograft models was studied using PET and MRI. Therefore, the radioligand [89Zr]Zr-DFO-HSA was analyzed in both chicken embryos (n = 5) and SCID mice (n = 4), each with TZM-bl and PC-3 tumor entities. Dynamic PET and anatomical MRI, as well as ex vivo biodistribution analyses, were performed to assess ligand distribution over 24 h. Histological staining and autoradiography verified the intratumoral accumulation. The tumors were successfully visualized for CAM and mouse models by PET, and the albumin influx from the blood into the respective tumors did not differ significantly. The accumulation and retention of HSA in tumors due to the EPR effect was demonstrated for both models. These results highlight that the CAM model is a potential alternative to the mouse model for initial studies with novel radiolabeled macromolecules with respect to the 3Rs principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colmar Hilbrig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Translational Imaging, Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriel Fischer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Scheidhauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Solbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J. Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Center for Translational Imaging, Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (G.W.)
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18
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Maciuba S, Bowden GD, Stratton HJ, Wisniewski K, Schteingart CD, Almagro JC, Valadon P, Lowitz J, Glaser SM, Lee G, Dolatyari M, Navratilova E, Porreca F, Rivière PJ. Discovery and characterization of prolactin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of female-prevalent pain disorders. MAbs 2023; 15:2254676. [PMID: 37698877 PMCID: PMC10498814 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2254676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) has recently been demonstrated to elicit female-selective nociceptor sensitization and increase pain-like behaviors in female animals. Here we report the discovery and characterization of first-in-class, humanized PRL neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (PRL mAbs). We obtained two potent and selective PRL mAbs, PL 200,031 and PL 200,039. PL 200,031 was engineered as human IgG1 whereas PL 200,039 was reformatted as human IgG4. Both mAbs have sub-nanomolar affinity for human PRL (hPRL) and produce concentration-dependent and complete inhibition of hPRL signaling at the hPRL receptor (hPRLR). These two PRL mAbs are selective for hPRL as they do not inhibit other hPRLR agonists such as human growth hormone or placental lactogen. They also cross-react with non-human primate PRL but not with rodent PRL. Further, both mAbs show long clearance half-lives after intravenous administration in FcRn-humanized mice. Consistent with their isotypes, these mAbs only differ in binding affinities to Fcγ receptors, as expected by design. Finally, PL 200,019, the murine parental mAb of PL 200,031 and PL 200,039, fully blocked stress-induced and PRL-dependent pain behaviors in female PRL-humanized mice, thereby providing in vivo preclinical proof-of-efficacy for PRL mAbs in mechanisms relevant to pain in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grace Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mahdi Dolatyari
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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19
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Fernández-Quintero ML, Ljungars A, Waibl F, Greiff V, Andersen JT, Gjølberg TT, Jenkins TP, Voldborg BG, Grav LM, Kumar S, Georges G, Kettenberger H, Liedl KR, Tessier PM, McCafferty J, Laustsen AH. Assessing developability early in the discovery process for novel biologics. MAbs 2023; 15:2171248. [PMID: 36823021 PMCID: PMC9980699 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2171248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond potency, a good developability profile is a key attribute of a biological drug. Selecting and screening for such attributes early in the drug development process can save resources and avoid costly late-stage failures. Here, we review some of the most important developability properties that can be assessed early on for biologics. These include the influence of the source of the biologic, its biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties, and how well it can be expressed recombinantly. We furthermore present in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods and techniques that can be exploited at different stages of the discovery process to identify molecules with liabilities and thereby facilitate the selection of the most optimal drug leads. Finally, we reflect on the most relevant developability parameters for injectable versus orally delivered biologics and provide an outlook toward what general trends are expected to rise in the development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Franz Waibl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Gunnar Voldborg
- National Biologics Facility, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Marie Grav
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John McCafferty
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Maxion Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Effects of Albumin Supplements on In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2384730. [PMID: 36262167 PMCID: PMC9576387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2384730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical effects of albumin supplements on the basis of crystalloid solution in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Methods The online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were comprehensively searched from inception to June 28, 2021, with the keywords including “albumin,” “sepsis,” or “septic shock.” Retrospective cohort (RC) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included for analysis. Two authors independently searched and analyzed the literature. The in-hospital mortality at 7 days and 28 days, duration of mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, length of ICU stay, and length of hospital stay were compared between patients with albumin supplements and crystalloid solution and those with crystalloid alone. Results A total of 10 studies with 6463 patients were eventually included for meta-analysis. The in-hospital mortality of patients at 7 days (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.81–1.23) and 28 days (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91–1.13) did not show a significant difference between the two groups of patients. Also, the pooled results demonstrated no significant differences in duration of mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: −0.05–0.63), renal replacement therapy (WMD = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.98–1.35), length of ICU stay (WMD = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.62–0.48), and length of hospital stay (WMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.70–0.52) between patients receiving albumin plus crystalloid solution and those with crystalloid solution alone. Conclusion Albumin supplements on the basis of crystalloid solution did not improve the 7-day and 28-dayin-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock compared with those with crystalloid solution alone.
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21
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Tasdemiroglu Y, Gourdie RG, He JQ. In vivo degradation forms, anti-degradation strategies, and clinical applications of therapeutic peptides in non-infectious chronic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 932:175192. [PMID: 35981605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Current medicinal treatments for diseases comprise largely of two categories: small molecular (chemical) (e.g., aspirin) and larger molecular (peptides/proteins, e.g., insulin) drugs. Whilst both types of therapeutics can effectively treat different diseases, ranging from well-understood (in view of pathogenesis and treatment) examples (e.g., flu), to less-understood chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), classical small molecule drugs often possess significant side-effects (a major cause of drug withdrawal from market) due to their low- or non-specific targeting. By contrast, therapeutic peptides, which comprise short sequences from naturally occurring peptides/proteins, commonly demonstrate high target specificity, well-characterized modes-of-action, and low or non-toxicity in vivo. Unfortunately, due to their small size, linear permutation, and lack of tertiary structure, peptidic drugs are easily subject to rapid degradation or loss in vivo through chemical and physical routines, thus resulting in a short half-life and reduced therapeutic efficacy, a major drawback that can reduce therapeutic efficiency. However, recent studies demonstrate that the short half-life of peptidic drugs can be significantly extended by various means, including use of enantiomeric or non-natural amino acids (AAs) (e.g., L-AAs replacement with D-AAs), chemical conjugation [e.g., with polyethylene glycol], and encapsulation (e.g., in exosomes). In this context, we provide an overview of the major in vivo degradation forms of small therapeutic peptides in the plasma and anti-degradation strategies. We also update on the progress of small peptide therapeutics that are either currently in clinical trials or are being successfully used in clinical therapies for patients with non-infectious diseases, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Tasdemiroglu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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22
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Ward ES, Gelinas D, Dreesen E, Van Santbergen J, Andersen JT, Silvestri NJ, Kiss JE, Sleep D, Rader DJ, Kastelein JJP, Louagie E, Vidarsson G, Spriet I. Clinical Significance of Serum Albumin and Implications of FcRn Inhibitor Treatment in IgG-Mediated Autoimmune Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892534. [PMID: 35757719 PMCID: PMC9231186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin (SA), the most abundant soluble protein in the body, maintains plasma oncotic pressure and regulates the distribution of vascular fluid and has a range of other important functions. The goals of this review are to expand clinical knowledge regarding the functions of SA, elucidate effects of dysregulated SA concentration, and discuss the clinical relevance of hypoalbuminemia resulting from various diseases. We discuss potential repercussions of SA dysregulation on cholesterol levels, liver function, and other processes that rely on its homeostasis, as decreased SA concentration has been shown to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and mortality. We describe the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of SA, as well as its ability to bind and transport a plethora of endogenous and exogenous molecules. SA is the primary serum protein involved in binding and transport of drugs and as such has the potential to affect, or be affected by, certain medications. Of current relevance are antibody-based inhibitors of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), several of which are under clinical development to treat immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated autoimmune disorders; some have been shown to decrease SA concentration. FcRn acts as a homeostatic regulator of SA by rescuing it, as well as IgG, from intracellular degradation via a common cellular recycling mechanism. Greater clinical understanding of the multifunctional nature of SA and the potential clinical impact of decreased SA are needed; in particular, the potential for certain treatments to reduce SA concentration, which may affect efficacy and toxicity of medications and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sally Ward
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erwin Dreesen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Joseph E Kiss
- Vitalant Northeast Division and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, Academic Medical Center (AMC) of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Pharmacy Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 PMCID: PMC9117484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Jeremy Quintana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Miles Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States.
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24
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Muselin F, Cristina RT, Dumitrescu E, Doma AO, Radulov I, Berbecea AA, Horablaga A, Morariu FE, Manea DN, Horablaga NM. Quercetin Beneficial Role in the Homeostatic Variation of Certain Trace Elements in Dyslipidemic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3299505. [PMID: 35310037 PMCID: PMC8933091 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3299505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Quercetin's role in the homeostasis of certain trace elements in dyslipidemia induced in mice was assessed. Methods Forty BALB/c mice were allocated into 4 groups as follows: control; HFD, received fat diet; HFD + Q group, received HFD +500 mg/L quercetin; and blank control (Q)-normal food + 500 mg/L quercetin in drinking water. Results By analyzing the values of total proteins, albumins, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the levels of several trace elements in blood and organs, we perceived a statistically significant increase ( ∗∗ , p < 0.01) of TP, ALB, TC, TGE, and LDL-c. A nonsignificant decrease was ascertained to HDL-c value in the HFD and quercetin groups (p > 0.05). In the HFD group, all analyzed elements in the kidney and spleen increased, also Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, Pb, and of B, Ba, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the heart increased, but furthermore, Ag, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Zn in blood, Ag and Zn in the liver, and Cd in the spleen decreased. In the HFD group who received quercetin, elements (except B) were decreased in kidney and liver, also increased Ag, Ba, Cr, Fe, Li, Ni, Zn in blood, but similarly, Ag, B, Ba, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb declined in the spleen and heart. Conclusions Results proved the quercetin beneficial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Muselin
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Romeo T. Cristina
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Depts. of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Eugenia Dumitrescu
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Depts. of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Alexandru O. Doma
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Isidora Radulov
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Adina A. Berbecea
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Adina Horablaga
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Florica E. Morariu
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Dan N. Manea
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
| | - Nicolae M. Horablaga
- BUASMV “King Michael I of Romania”, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Engineering, Calea Aradului, No. 119, Timisoara 300645, Romania
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25
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Abdollahi A, Dowden BN, Buhman KK, Zembroski AS, Henderson GC. Albumin knockout mice exhibit reduced plasma free fatty acid concentration and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15161. [PMID: 35238481 PMCID: PMC8892599 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating albumin is expected to play a significant role in the trafficking of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) between tissues, such as FFA transfer from adipose tissue to the liver. However, it was not yet known how disrupting FFA binding to albumin in circulation would alter lipid metabolism and any resulting impacts upon control of glycemia. To improve understanding of metabolic control, we aimed to determine whether lack of serum albumin would decrease plasma FFA, hepatic lipid storage, whole body substrate oxidation, and glucose metabolism. Male and female homozygous albumin knockout mice and C57BL/6J wild type controls, each on a standard diet containing a moderate fat content, were studied at 6-8 weeks of age. Indirect calorimetry, glucose tolerance testing, insulin tolerance testing, exercise performance, plasma proteome, and tissue analyses were performed. In both sexes of albumin knockout mice compared to the wild type mice, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed for plasma FFA concentration, hepatic triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol content, blood glucose during the glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose during the insulin tolerance test. Albumin deficiency did not reduce whole body fat oxidation over a 24-h period and did not alter exercise performance in an incremental treadmill test. The system-level phenotypic changes in lipid and glucose metabolism were accompanied by reduced hepatic perilipin-2 expression (p < 0.05), as well as increased expression of adiponectin (p < 0.05) and glucose transporter-4 (p < 0.05) in adipose tissue. The results indicate an important role of albumin and plasma FFA concentration in lipid metabolism and glucoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Brianna N. Dowden
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Kimberly K. Buhman
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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26
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Schneller JL, Lee CM, Venturoni LE, Chandler RJ, Li A, Myung S, Cradick TJ, Hurley AE, Lagor WR, Bao G, Venditti CP. In vivo genome editing at the albumin locus to treat methylmalonic acidemia. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:619-632. [PMID: 34901307 PMCID: PMC8634044 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a metabolic disorder most commonly caused by mutations in the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT) gene. Although adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene therapy has been effective at correcting the disease phenotype in MMA mouse models, clinical translation may be impaired by loss of episomal transgene expression and magnified by the need to treat patients early in life. To achieve permanent correction, we developed a dual AAV strategy to express a codon-optimized MMUT transgene from Alb and tested various CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing vectors in newly developed knockin mouse models of MMA. For one target site in intron 1 of Alb, we designed rescue cassettes expressing MMUT behind a 2A-peptide or an internal ribosomal entry site sequence. A second guide RNA targeted the initiator codon, and the donor cassette encompassed the proximal albumin promoter in the 5' homology arm. Although all editing approaches were therapeutic, targeting the start codon of albumin allowed the use of a donor cassette that also functioned as an episome and after homologous recombination, even without the expression of Cas9, as an integrant. Targeting the albumin locus using these strategies would be effective for other metabolic disorders where early treatment and permanent long-term correction are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciaran M. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Leah E. Venturoni
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Randy J. Chandler
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Sangho Myung
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | | | - Ayrea E. Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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27
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Shen Z, Xiang Y, Vergara S, Chen A, Xiao Z, Santiago U, Jin C, Sang Z, Luo J, Chen K, Schneidman-Duhovny D, Camacho C, Calero G, Hu B, Shi Y. A resource of high-quality and versatile nanobodies for drug delivery. iScience 2021; 24:103014. [PMID: 34522857 PMCID: PMC8426283 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic and diagnostic efficacies of small biomolecules and chemical compounds are hampered by suboptimal pharmacokinetics. Here, we developed a repertoire of robust and high-affinity antihuman serum albumin nanobodies (NbHSA) that can be readily fused to small biologics for half-life extension. We characterized the thermostability, binding kinetics, and cross-species reactivity of NbHSAs, mapped their epitopes, and structurally resolved a tetrameric HSA-Nb complex. We parallelly determined the half-lives of a cohort of selected NbHSAs in an HSA mouse model by quantitative proteomics. Compared to short-lived control nanobodies, the half-lives of NbHSAs were drastically prolonged by 771-fold. NbHSAs have distinct and diverse pharmacokinetics, positively correlating with their albumin binding affinities at the endosomal pH. We then generated stable and highly bioactive NbHSA-cytokine fusion constructs “Duraleukin” and demonstrated Duraleukin's high preclinical efficacy for cancer treatment in a melanoma model. This high-quality and versatile Nb toolkit will help tailor drug half-life to specific medical needs. We provide a resource of high-affinity and versatile albumin nanobodies for drug delivery We systematically map albumin nanobody epitopes by hybrid structural approaches We parallelly measure the pharmacokinetics of nanobodies in a humanized mouse model We develop nanobody-cytokine conjugates “Duraleukin” for cancer immunotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolun Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Vergara
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Apeng Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pediatric Neurosurgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhengyun Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Changzhong Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhe Sang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University Joint Program for Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dina Schneidman-Duhovny
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Jerusalem, Tambaram, Israel
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Guillermo Calero
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baoli Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pediatric Neurosurgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of Pittsburgh-Carnegie Mellon University Joint Program for Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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28
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Azevedo C, Pinto S, Benjakul S, Nilsen J, Santos HA, Traverso G, Andersen JT, Sarmento B. Prevention of diabetes-associated fibrosis: Strategies in FcRn-targeted nanosystems for oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113778. [PMID: 33887405 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an elevated risk of micro- and macrovascular complications, such as fibrosis. To prevent diabetes-associated fibrosis, the symptomatology of diabetes must be controlled, which is commonly done by subcutaneous injection of antidiabetic peptides. To minimize the pain and distress associated with such injections, there is an urgent need for non-invasive oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies. However, orally administered peptide-based drugs are exposed to harsh conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and poorly cross the selective intestinal epithelium. Thus, targeting of drugs to receptors expressed in epithelial cells, such as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), may therefore enhance uptake and transport through mucosal barriers. This review compiles how in-depth studies of FcRn biology and engineering of receptor-binding molecules may pave the way for design of new classes of FcRn-targeted nanosystems. Tailored strategies may open new avenues for oral drug delivery and provide better treatment options for diabetes and, consequently, fibrosis prevention.
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29
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Bern M, Nilsen J, Ferrarese M, Sand KMK, Gjølberg TT, Lode HE, Davidson RJ, Camire RM, Bækkevold ES, Foss S, Grevys A, Dalhus B, Wilson J, Høydahl LS, Christianson GJ, Roopenian DC, Schlothauer T, Michaelsen TE, Moe MC, Lombardi S, Pinotti M, Sandlie I, Branchini A, Andersen JT. An engineered human albumin enhances half-life and transmucosal delivery when fused to protein-based biologics. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/565/eabb0580. [PMID: 33055243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free uptake across mucosal barriers is a preferred route for delivery of biologics, but the efficiency of unassisted transmucosal transport is poor. To make administration and therapy efficient and convenient, strategies for the delivery of biologics must enhance both transcellular delivery and plasma half-life. We found that human albumin was transcytosed efficiently across polarized human epithelial cells by a mechanism that depends on the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). FcRn also transported immunoglobulin G, but twofold less than albumin. We therefore designed a human albumin variant, E505Q/T527M/K573P (QMP), with improved FcRn binding, resulting in enhanced transcellular transport upon intranasal delivery and extended plasma half-life of albumin in transgenic mice expressing human FcRn. When QMP was fused to recombinant activated coagulation factor VII, the half-life of the fusion molecule increased 3.6-fold compared with the wild-type human albumin fusion, without compromising the therapeutic properties of activated factor VII. Our findings highlight QMP as a suitable carrier of protein-based biologics that may enhance plasma half-life and delivery across mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bern
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif T Gjølberg
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidrun E Lode
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J Davidson
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rodney M Camire
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- CIR and Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Institute for Clinical Medicine and Department for Microbiology, Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - John Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Biochemical and Analytical Research, Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten C Moe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Lombardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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30
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Lombardi S, Aaen KH, Nilsen J, Ferrarese M, Gjølberg TT, Bernardi F, Pinotti M, Andersen JT, Branchini A. Fusion of engineered albumin with factor IX Padua extends half-life and improves coagulant activity. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:453-462. [PMID: 34109608 PMCID: PMC8362221 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The short half‐life of coagulation factor IX (FIX) for haemophilia B (HB) therapy has been prolonged through fusion with human serum albumin (HSA), which drives the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)‐mediated recycling of the chimera. However, patients would greatly benefit from further FIX‐HSA half‐life extension. In the present study, we designed a FIX‐HSA variant through the engineering of both fusion partners. First, we developed a novel cleavable linker combining the two FIX activation sites, which resulted in improved HSA release. Second, insertion of the FIX R338L (Padua) substitution conferred hyperactive features (sevenfold higher specific activity) as for FIX Padua alone. Furthermore, we exploited an engineered HSA (QMP), which conferred enhanced human (h)FcRn binding [dissociation constant (KD) 0·5 nM] over wild‐type FIX‐HSA (KD 164·4 nM). In hFcRn transgenic mice, Padua‐QMP displayed a significantly prolonged half‐life (2·7 days, P < 0·0001) versus FIX‐HSA (1 day). Overall, we developed a novel FIX‐HSA protein with improved activity and extended half‐life. These combined properties may result in a prolonged functional profile above the therapeutic threshold, and thus in a potentially widened therapeutic window able to improve HB therapy. This rational engineering of both partners may pave the way for new fusion strategies for the design of engineered biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lombardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kristin H Aaen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Torleif T Gjølberg
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bernardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jan T Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessio Branchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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31
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Mester S, Evers M, Meyer S, Nilsen J, Greiff V, Sandlie I, Leusen J, Andersen JT. Extended plasma half-life of albumin-binding domain fused human IgA upon pH-dependent albumin engagement of human FcRn in vitro and in vivo. MAbs 2021; 13:1893888. [PMID: 33691596 PMCID: PMC7954421 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1893888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin has a serum half-life of 3 weeks in humans. This feature can be used to improve the pharmacokinetics of shorter-lived biologics. For instance, an albumin-binding domain (ABD) can be used to recruit albumin. A prerequisite for such design is that the ABD-albumin interaction does not interfere with pH-dependent binding of albumin to the human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), as FcRn acts as the principal regulator of the half-life of albumin. Thus, there is a need to know how ABDs act in the context of fusion partners and human FcRn. Here, we studied the binding and transport properties of human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1), fused to a Streptococcus protein G-derived engineered ABD, in in vitro and in vivo systems harboring human FcRn. IgA has great potential as a therapeutic protein, but its short half-life is a major drawback. We demonstrate that ABD-fused IgA1 binds human FcRn pH-dependently and is rescued from cellular degradation in a receptor-specific manner in the presence of albumin. This occurs when ABD is fused to either the light or the heavy chain. In human FcRn transgenic mice, IgA1-ABD in complex with human albumin, gave 4-6-fold extended half-life compared to unmodified IgA1, where the light chain fusion showed the longest half-life. When the heavy chain-fused protein was pre-incubated with an engineered human albumin with improved FcRn binding, cellular rescue and half-life was further enhanced. Our study reveals how an ABD, which does not interfere with albumin binding to human FcRn, may be used to extend the half-life of IgA. Abbreviations: ABD - Albumin binding domain, ADA – anti-drug-antibodies, ADCC - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ELISA - Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay, FcαRI - Fcα receptor, FcγR - Fcγ receptor, FcRn - The neonatal Fc receptor, GST - Glutathione S-transferase, HC - Heavy chain, HERA - Human endothelial cell-based recycling assay, Her2 - Human epidermal growth factor 2, HMEC - Human microvascular endothelial cells, IgG - Immunoglobulin G, IgA - Immunoglobulin A, LC - Light chain, QMP - E505Q/T527M/K573P, WT - Wild type
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mester
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitchell Evers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Meyer
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Yu C, Huang F, Chow WA, Cook-Wiens G, Cui X. Single Protein Encapsulated Doxorubicin as an Efficacious Anticancer Therapeutic. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:2000135. [PMID: 33709014 PMCID: PMC7941910 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule chemotherapeutics are potent and effective against a variety of malignancies, but common and severe side effects restrict their clinical applications. Nanomedicine approaches represent a major focus for improving chemotherapy, but have met limited success. To overcome the limitations of chemotherapy drugs, we have developed a novel Single Protein Encapsulation (SPE)-based drug formulation and delivery platform and tested its utility in improving doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. Using this methodology, a series of SPEDOX complexes were generated by encapsulating various numbers of DOX molecules into a single human serum albumin (HSA) molecule. UV/fluorescence spectroscopy, membrane dialysis, and dynamic light scattering techniques showed that SPEDOXs are stable and uniform as monomeric HSA and display unique properties distinct from those of DOX and DOX-HSA mixture. Furthermore, detailed procedures to precisely monitor and control both DOX payload and binding strength to HSA were established. Breast cancer xenograft tumor studies revealed that SPEDOX-6 treatment displays improved pharmacokinetic profiles, higher antitumor efficacy, and lower DOX accumulation in the heart tissue compared with unformulated DOX. This SPE technology, which does not involve nanoparticle assembly and modifications to either small-molecule drugs or HSA, may open up a new avenue for developing new drug delivery systems to improve anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Yu
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, Sunstate Biosciences, LLC, 870 S. Myrtle Ave, Monrovia, CA91016
| | - Faqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
| | - Warren A Chow
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Galen Cook-Wiens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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33
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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34
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Sanches M, D'Angelo I, Jaramillo M, Baardsnes J, Zwaagstra J, Schrag J, Schoenhofen I, Acchione M, Lawn S, Wickman G, Weisser N, Poon DKY, Ng G, Dixit S. AlbuCORE: an albumin-based molecular scaffold for multivalent biologics design. MAbs 2020; 12:1802188. [PMID: 32816577 PMCID: PMC7531512 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1802188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As biologics have become a mainstay in the development of novel therapies, protein engineering tools to expand on their structural advantages, namely specificity, affinity, and valency are of interest. Antibodies have dominated this field as the preferred scaffold for biologics development while there has been limited exploration into the use of albumin with its unique physiological characteristics as a platform for biologics design. There has been a great deal of interest to create bispecific and more complex multivalent molecules to build on the advantages offered by protein-based therapeutics relative to small molecules. Here, we explore the use of human serum albumin (HSA) as a scaffold for the design of multispecific biologics. In particular, we describe a structure-guided approach to the design of split HSA molecules we refer to as AlbuCORE, that effectively and spontaneously forms a native albumin-like molecule, but in a heterodimeric state upon co-expression. We show that the split AlbuCORE designs allow the creation of novel fusion entities with unique alternate geometries. We also show that, apart from these AlbuCORE fusion entities, there is an opportunity to explore their albumin-like small hydrophobic molecule carrying capacity as a drug conjugate in these designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor D'Angelo
- One Amgen Center Dr, Amgen Inc ., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jaramillo
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Baardsnes
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Zwaagstra
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joe Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mauro Acchione
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, NRC-CNRC , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- R&D, Zymeworks Inc , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gordon Ng
- Search and Evaluation, Abbvie Inc , North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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35
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Nakayama K, Kamimura H, Suemizu H, Yoneda N, Nishiwaki M, Iwamoto K, Mizunaga M, Negoro T, Ito S, Yamazaki H, Nomura Y. Predicted values for human total clearance of a variety of typical compounds with differently humanized-liver mouse plasma data. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 35:389-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Chappell AE, Gaus HJ, Berdeja A, Gupta R, Jo M, Prakash TP, Oestergaard M, Swayze EE, Seth PP. Mechanisms of palmitic acid-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide distribution in mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4382-4395. [PMID: 32182359 PMCID: PMC7192618 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with a variety of distinct lipophilic moieties like fatty acids and cholesterol increases ASO accumulation and activity in multiple tissues. While lipid conjugation increases tissue exposure in mice and reduces excretion of ASO in urine, histological review of skeletal and cardiac muscle indicates that the increased tissue accumulation of lipid conjugated ASO is isolated to the interstitium. Administration of palmitic acid-conjugated ASO (Palm-ASO) in mice results in a rapid and substantial accumulation in the interstitium of muscle tissue followed by relatively rapid clearance and only slight increases in intracellular accumulation in myocytes. We propose a model whereby increased affinity for lipid particles, albumin, and other plasma proteins by lipid-conjugation facilitates ASO transport across endothelial barriers into tissue interstitium. However, this increased affinity for lipid particles and plasma proteins also facilitates the transport of ASO from the interstitium to the lymph and back into circulation. The cumulative effect is only a slight (∼2-fold) increase in tissue accumulation and similar increase in ASO activity. To support this proposal, we demonstrate that the activity of lipid conjugated ASO was reduced in two mouse models with defects in endothelial transport of macromolecules: caveolin-1 knockout (Cav1-/-) and FcRn knockout (FcRn-/-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred E Chappell
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Hans J Gaus
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Andres Berdeja
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Minji Jo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Thazha P Prakash
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Eric E Swayze
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Punit P Seth
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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37
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Boysen L, Viuff BM, Landsy LH, Lykkesfeldt J, Raymond JT, Price SA, Pelzer H, Lauritzen B. Formation and Glomerular Deposition of Immune Complexes in Mice Administered Human Antibodies: Evaluation of Dose, Frequency, and Biomarkers. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:570-585. [PMID: 32319353 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320919121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Administration of human protein-based drugs to animals often leads to formation of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) that may form circulating immune complexes (CICs) with the dosed protein. Circulating immune complexes can activate and bind complement (cCICs), and if large amount of CICs or cCICs is formed, the clearance mechanism potentially becomes saturated, which can lead to immune complex (IC) deposition and inflammation. To obtain a better understanding of the underlying factors, including the relationship between different dose regimes on IC formation and deposition and identification of possible biomarkers of IC deposition and IC-related pathological changes in kidneys, BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice were administered with human anti-tumor necrosis factor α (aTNFα, adalimumab) or a humanized anti-TNP (aTNP) antibody for 13 weeks. Particularly, ADA, CIC, cCIC formation, IC deposition, and glomerulonephritis were observed in C57BL/6J administered with aTNFα, whereas the immunologic response was minor in BALB/c mice administered with aTNFα and in BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice administered aTNP. Changing dose levels or increasing dosing frequency of aTNFα on top of an already-established CIC and cCIC response did not lead to substantial changes in CIC, cCIC formation, or IC deposition. Finally, no association between the presence of CICs or cCIC in plasma and glomerular IC deposition and/or glomerulonephritis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Boysen
- Global Discovery & Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark.,Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte M Viuff
- Global Discovery & Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lone H Landsy
- Global Discovery & Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - James T Raymond
- Pathology Associates, Charles River Laboratories Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Shari A Price
- Pathology Associates, Charles River Laboratories Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Pelzer
- Global Discovery & Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Brian Lauritzen
- Global Discovery & Development Sciences, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
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38
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An intact C-terminal end of albumin is required for its long half-life in humans. Commun Biol 2020; 3:181. [PMID: 32313072 PMCID: PMC7171077 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin has an average plasma half-life of three weeks and is thus an attractive carrier to improve the pharmacokinetics of fused therapeutics. The half-life is regulated by FcRn, a cellular receptor that protects against intracellular degradation. To tailor-design the therapeutic use of albumin, it is crucial to understand how structural alterations in albumin affect FcRn binding and transport properties. In the blood, the last C-terminal residue (L585) of albumin may be enzymatically cleaved. Here we demonstrate that removal of the L585 residue causes structural stabilization in regions of the principal FcRn binding domain and reduces receptor binding. In line with this, a short half-life of only 3.5 days was measured for cleaved albumin lacking L585 in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Thus, we reveal the structural requirement of an intact C-terminal end of albumin for a long plasma half-life, which has implications for design of albumin-based therapeutics. Nilsen et al. show that structural alterations in the last C-terminal α-helix of albumin strongly reduce its binding to the neonatal Fc receptor, decreasing the half-life of albumin in humans. This study suggests the structural requirement of the C-terminal of albumin for its long plasma half-life, providing insights into the design of albumin used to carry drugs.
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39
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Albumin Modifies Responses to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilizing Agents in Mice. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010004. [PMID: 31861319 PMCID: PMC7017167 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein, not only controls osmotic blood pressure, but also serves as a carrier for various small molecules, including pharmaceuticals. Its impact on pharmacological properties of many drugs has been extensively studied over decades. Here, we focus on its interaction with the following mobilizing agents: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and AMD3100, where such analyses are lacking. These compounds are widely used for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of healthy donors or patients. Using albumin-deficient (Alb−/−) mice, we studied the contribution of albumin to mobilization outcomes. Mobilization with the bicyclam CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was attenuated in Alb−/− mice compared to wild-type littermates. By contrast, mobilization with recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF), administered twice daily over a five-day course, was significantly increased in Alb−/− mice. In terms of a mechanism, we show that rhG-CSF bioavailability in the bone marrow is significantly improved in Alb−/− mice, compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, where rhG-CSF levels dramatically drop within a few hours of the injection. These observations likely explain the favorable mobilization outcomes with split-dose versus single-dose administration of rhG-CSF to healthy donors.
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40
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Minchiotti L, Caridi G, Campagnoli M, Lugani F, Galliano M, Kragh-Hansen U. Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Congenital Analbuminemia. Front Genet 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31057599 PMCID: PMC6478806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital analbuminemia (CAA) is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1:1,000,000 live birth. Affected individuals have a strongly decreased concentration, or complete absence, of serum albumin. The trait is usually detected by serum protein electrophoresis and immunochemistry techniques. However, due to the existence of other conditions in which the albumin concentrations are very low or null, analysis of the albumin (ALB) gene is necessary for the molecular diagnosis. CAA can lead to serious consequences in the prenatal period, because it can cause miscarriages and preterm birth, which often is due to oligohydramnios and placental abnormalities. Neonatally and in early childhood the trait is a risk factor that can lead to death, mainly from fluid retention and infections in the lower respiratory tract. By contrast, CAA is better tolerated in adulthood. Clinically, in addition to the low level of albumin, the patients almost always have hyperlipidemia, but they usually also have mild oedema, reduced blood pressure and fatigue. The fairly mild symptoms in adulthood are due to compensatory increment of other plasma proteins. The condition is rare; clinically, only about 90 cases have been detected worldwide. Among these, 53 have been studied by sequence analysis of the ALB gene, allowing the identification of 27 different loss of function (LoF) pathogenic variants. These include a variant in the start codon, frame-shift/insertions, frame-shift/deletions, nonsense variants, and variants affecting splicing. Most are unique, peculiar for each affected family, but one, a frame-shift deletion called Kayseri, has been found to cause about one third of the known cases allowing to presume a founder effect. This review provides an overview of the literature about CAA, about supportive and additional physiological and pharmacological information obtained from albumin-deficient mouse and rat models and a complete and up-to-date dataset of the pathogenic variants identified in the ALB gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Schelde KK, Nicholls K, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Bunting K, Rawsthorne H, Andersen B, Finnis CJA, Williamson M, Cameron J, Howard KA. A new class of recombinant human albumin with multiple surface thiols exhibits stable conjugation and enhanced FcRn binding and blood circulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3735-3743. [PMID: 30602565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum albumin is an endogenous ligand transport protein whose long circulatory half-life is facilitated by engagement with the human cellular recycling neonatal Fc receptor (hFcRn). The single free thiol located at Cys-34 in domain I of albumin has been exploited for monoconjugation of drugs. In this work, we increased the drug-to-albumin ratio potential by engineering recombinant human albumin (rHSA) variants with varying hFcRn affinity to contain three free, conjugation-competent cysteines. Structural analysis was used to identify positions for cysteine introduction to maximize rHSA stability and formation of the conjugated product without affecting hFcRn binding. The thiol rHSA variants exhibited up to 95% monomeric stability over 24 months and retained hFcRn engagement compared with a WT unconjugated control demonstrated by Biolayer Interferometry. The additional cysteines were further introduced into a panel of rHSA variants engineered with different affinities for hFcRn. After conjugation with three Alexa Fluor 680 (AF680) fluorophores, hFcRn binding was similar to that of the original triple-thiol nonconjugated rHSA variants (0.88 and 0.25 μm for WT albumin with or without 3xAF680 respectively, and 0.04 and 0.02 μm for a high hFcRn-binding variant with or without 3xAF680, respectively). We also observed a 1.3-fold increase in the blood circulatory half-life of a high hFcRn-binding triple-thiol variant conjugated with AF680 (t ½ = 22.4 h) compared with its WT counterpart (t ½ = 17.3 h) in mice. Potential high drug-to-albumin ratios combined with high hFcRn engagement are attractive features of this new class of albumins that offer a paradigm shift for albumin-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kræmmer Schelde
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | - Karl Nicholls
- Albumedix Ltd., Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Karen Bunting
- Albumedix Ltd., Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Cameron
- Albumedix Ltd., Nottingham NG7 1FD, United Kingdom, and
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- From the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
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42
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Inoue M, Nakashima R, Enomoto M, Koike Y, Zhao X, Yip K, Huang SH, Waldron JN, Ikura M, Liu FF, Bratman SV. Plasma redox imbalance caused by albumin oxidation promotes lung-predominant NETosis and pulmonary cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5116. [PMID: 30504805 PMCID: PMC6269536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote cancer metastasis in preclinical models following massive exogenous inflammatory stimuli. It remains unknown whether cancer hosts under physiologic conditions experience NETosis and consequent metastasis. Here we show that plasma redox imbalance caused by albumin oxidation promotes inflammation-independent NETosis. Albumin is the major source of free thiol that maintains redox balance. Oxidation of albumin-derived free thiol is sufficient to trigger NETosis via accumulation of reactive oxygen species within neutrophils. The resultant NETs are found predominantly within lungs where they contribute to the colonization of circulating tumor cells leading to pulmonary metastases. These effects are abrogated by pharmacologic inhibition of NET formation. Moreover, albumin oxidation is associated with pulmonary metastasis in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients. These results implicate plasma redox balance as an endogenous and physiologic regulator of NETosis and pulmonary cancer metastasis, providing new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for combatting cancer progression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to promote metastasis in mouse models. Here the authors show plasma redox imbalance caused by albumin oxidation to induce inflammation-independent NETosis and lung metastasis, and albumin oxidation and reduced plasma free thiol to be associated with lung metastasis in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Inoue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Ryota Nakashima
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Masahiro Enomoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu City, 514-8507, Mie Prefecture, Japan
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Yip
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Healthy Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - John N Waldron
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Healthy Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Healthy Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada. .,Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Healthy Network, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G2M9, ON, Canada.
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43
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Nilsen J, Sandlie I, Roopenian DC, Andersen JT. Animal models for evaluation of albumin-based therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Grevys A, Nilsen J, Sand KMK, Daba MB, Øynebråten I, Bern M, McAdam MB, Foss S, Schlothauer T, Michaelsen TE, Christianson GJ, Roopenian DC, Blumberg RS, Sandlie I, Andersen JT. A human endothelial cell-based recycling assay for screening of FcRn targeted molecules. Nat Commun 2018; 9:621. [PMID: 29434196 PMCID: PMC5809500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin and IgG have remarkably long serum half-lives due to pH-dependent FcRn-mediated cellular recycling that rescues both ligands from intracellular degradation. Furthermore, increase in half-lives of IgG and albumin-based therapeutics has the potential to improve their efficacies, but there is a great need for robust methods for screening of relative FcRn-dependent recycling ability. Here, we report on a novel human endothelial cell-based recycling assay (HERA) that can be used for such pre-clinical screening. In HERA, rescue from degradation depends on FcRn, and engineered ligands are recycled in a manner that correlates with their half-lives in human FcRn transgenic mice. Thus, HERA is a novel cellular assay that can be used to predict how FcRn-binding proteins are rescued from intracellular degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Grevys
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeannette Nilsen
- CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muluneh B Daba
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Bern
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin B McAdam
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Biochemical and Analytical Research, Large Molecule Research, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, DE-82377 Munich, Germany
| | - Terje E Michaelsen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0371, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Infection Immunology, N-0403, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway.,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR) and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316, Oslo, Norway. .,CIR and Department of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950, N-0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
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45
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Common, low-frequency, and rare genetic variants associated with lipoprotein subclasses and triglyceride measures in Finnish men from the METSIM study. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007079. [PMID: 29084231 PMCID: PMC5679656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and lipoprotein subclasses are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, yet the genetic contributions to variability in subclass traits are not fully understood. We conducted single-variant and gene-based association tests between 15.1M variants from genome-wide and exome array and imputed genotypes and 72 lipid and lipoprotein traits in 8,372 Finns. After accounting for 885 variants at 157 previously identified lipid loci, we identified five novel signals near established loci at HIF3A, ADAMTS3, PLTP, LCAT, and LIPG. Four of the signals were identified with a low-frequency (0.005<minor allele frequency [MAF]<0.05) or rare (MAF<0.005) variant, including Arg123His in LCAT. Gene-based associations (P<10-10) support a role for coding variants in LIPC and LIPG with lipoprotein subclass traits. 30 established lipid-associated loci had a stronger association for a subclass trait than any conventional trait. These novel association signals provide further insight into the molecular basis of dyslipidemia and the etiology of metabolic disorders.
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46
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Auger C, Samadi O, Jeschke MG. The biochemical alterations underlying post-burn hypermetabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2633-2644. [PMID: 28219767 PMCID: PMC5563481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A severe burn can trigger a hypermetabolic state which lasts for years following the injury, to the detriment of the patient. The drastic increase in metabolic demands during this phase renders it difficult to meet the body's nutritional requirements, thus increasing muscle, bone and adipose catabolism and predisposing the patient to a host of disorders such as multi-organ dysfunction and sepsis, or even death. Despite advances in burn care over the last 50 years, due to the multifactorial nature of the hypermetabolic phenomenon it is difficult if not impossible to precisely identify and pharmacologically modulate the biological mediators contributing to this substantial metabolic derangement. Here, we discuss biomarkers and molecules which play a role in the induction and mediation of the hypercatabolic condition post-thermal injury. Furthermore, this thorough review covers the development of the factors released after burns, how they induce cellular and metabolic dysfunction, and how these factors can be targeted for therapeutic interventions to restore a more physiological metabolic phenotype after severe thermal injuries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Trauma and Sepsis edited by Dr. Raghavan Raju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Osai Samadi
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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47
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Levitt DG, Levitt MD. Protein losing enteropathy: comprehensive review of the mechanistic association with clinical and subclinical disease states. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2017; 10:147-168. [PMID: 28761367 PMCID: PMC5522668 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) has been associated with more than 60 different conditions, including nearly all gastrointestinal diseases (Crohn’s disease, celiac, Whipple’s, intestinal infections, and so on) and a large number of non-gut conditions (cardiac and liver disease, lupus, sarcoidosis, and so on). This review presents the first attempt to quantitatively understand the magnitude of the PLE in relation to the associated pathology for three different disease categories: 1) increased lymphatic pressure (e.g., lymphangiectasis); 2) diseases with mucosal erosions (e.g., Crohn’s disease); and 3) diseases without mucosal erosions (e.g., celiac disease). The PLE with lymphangiectasis results from rupture of the mucosal lymphatics, with retrograde drainage of systemic lymph into the intestinal lumen with the resultant loss of CD4 T cells, which is diagnostic. Mucosal erosion PLE results from macroscopic breakdown of the mucosal barrier, with the epithelial capillaries becoming the rate-limiting factor in albumin loss. The equation derived to describe the relationship between the reduction in serum albumin (CP) and PLE indicates that gastrointestinal albumin clearance must increase by at least 17 times normal to reduce the CP by half. The strengths and limitations of the two quantitative measures of PLE (51Cr-albumin or α1-antitrypsin [αAT] clearance) are reviewed. αAT provides a simple quantitative diagnostic test that is probably underused clinically. The strong, unexplained correlation between minor decreases in CP and subsequent mortality in seemingly healthy individuals raises the question of whether subclinical PLE could account for the decreased CP and, if so, could the mechanism responsible for PLE play a role in the increased mortality? A large-scale study correlating αAT clearance with serum albumin concentrations will be required in order to determine the role of PLE in the regulation of the serum albumin concentration of seemingly healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Levitt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota
| | - Michael D Levitt
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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48
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Albumin-based drug delivery using cysteine 34 chemical conjugates – important considerations and requirements. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:511-519. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long blood circulation time of albumin has been clinically utilized as a half-life extension technology for improved drug performance. The availability of one free thiol for site-selective chemical conjugation offers an alternative approach to current genetic fusion and association-based products. This special report highlights important factors for successful conjugation that allows the reader to design and evaluate next-generation albumin conjugates. Albumin type, available conjugation chemistries, linker length, animal models and influence of conjugation on albumin pharmacokinetics and drug activity are discussed.
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49
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Kim D, Jeon H, Ahn S, Choi WI, Kim S, Jon S. An approach for half-life extension and activity preservation of an anti-diabetic peptide drug based on genetic fusion with an albumin-binding aptide. J Control Release 2017; 256:114-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Albumin, in the Presence of Calcium, Elicits a Massive Increase in Extracellular Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00198-17. [PMID: 28396321 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00198-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis (whooping cough), caused by Bordetella pertussis, is resurging in the United States and worldwide. Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a critical factor in establishing infection with B. pertussis and acts by specifically inhibiting the response of myeloid leukocytes to the pathogen. We report here that serum components, as discovered during growth in fetal bovine serum (FBS), elicit a robust increase in the amount of ACT, and ≥90% of this ACT is localized to the supernatant, unlike growth without FBS, in which ≥90% is associated with the bacterium. We have found that albumin, in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium, acts specifically to enhance the amount of ACT and its localization to the supernatant. Respiratory secretions, which contain albumin, promote an increase in amount and localization of active ACT that is comparable to that elicited by serum and albumin. The response to albumin is not mediated through regulation of ACT at the transcriptional level or activation of the Bvg two-component system. As further illustration of the specificity of this phenomenon, serum collected from mice that lack albumin does not stimulate an increase in ACT. These data, demonstrating that albumin and calcium act synergistically in the host environment to increase production and release of ACT, strongly suggest that this phenomenon reflects a novel host-pathogen interaction that is central to infection with B. pertussis and other Bordetella species.
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