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Khurshid C, Silva V, Gai L, Osman R, Mol H, Alaoui A, Christ F, Schlünssen V, Vested A, Abrantes N, Campos I, Baldi I, Robelot E, Bureau M, Pasković I, Polić Pasković M, Glavan M, Hofman J, Harkes P, Huerta Lwanga E, Norgaard T, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide residues in European sediments: A significant concern for the aquatic systems? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119754. [PMID: 39128664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in waterbed sediments poses a significant concern for aquatic ecosystems' health. This study examined pesticide contamination in sediments of 38 water bodies, embedded in agricultural-dominated regions, across eight European countries. Three indicators were targeted: occurrence, type, and concentrations of multiple pesticide residues in sediments. 196 pesticide residues (including degradation products) were tested in the sediment samples. The analytical results showed that only one sample was 'pesticide-free', three samples contained a single pesticide residue, and the remaining 34 samples contained mixtures of residues. Overall, 99 different residues were found in the sediments, with a maximum of 48 in a single sample. Twenty-seven out of the 99 detected residues were not approved for agricultural use at the time of sampling. The numbers of detected residues and pesticide levels varied among countries. AMPA, glyphosate and DDTs were the most common residues in sediment samples with frequencies of 76, 61, and 52%, respectively. The sediments from the Czech Republic had the highest pesticide concentrations, with total pesticide concentrations ranging between 600 and 1200 μg kg-1. The lowest total pesticide concentrations were found in Slovenia, Switzerland, Croatia, and Denmark, ranging between 80 and 120 μg kg-1. Sediments presented a mix of non-persistent and persistent compounds. Twelve of the detected pesticides are very persistent/stable in sediments, raising concerns about the long-term impacts of pesticides. Our study on the distribution of pesticide residues in European sediments provides valuable insights into the extent of pesticide contamination and possible risks of pesticides to water bodies' health. It also underlines the need for monitoring, research, and policy efforts to mitigate the impacts of pesticides, and to evaluate potential risks of re-use of dredged sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrow Khurshid
- College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, Iraq; Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands.
| | - Lingtong Gai
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Rima Osman
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM U1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux University, France Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elsa Robelot
- INSERM U1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux University, France Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- INSERM U1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux University, France Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Porec, Croatia
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | | | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
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Dos Santos ID, Zomer P, Pizzutti IR, Wagner R, Mol H. Multi-residue determination of biocides in dairy products and slurry feed using QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QOrbitrap™-MS). Food Chem 2024; 457:140117. [PMID: 38905841 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Given that the determination of biocides in food and feed is currently not routinely done, more information on these compounds is useful for consumer's safety. This work describes a sensitive and reliable method for quantitative analysis of a wide range of biocides in dairy products and slurry feed. The method comprises acetate-buffered QuEChERS extraction without clean-up. Analyses were performed by LC-Q-Orbitrap™-MS and a full-scan acquisition event without fragmentation was followed by five fragmentation events (data-independent acquisition-DIA). The quantitative validation was performed according to SANTE/11312/2021 at 10, 50 and 200 ng g-1 spiking levels, and the results showed that the vast majority of the compounds met the criteria for trueness and precision. The LOQ was 10 ng g-1 for the majority of biocides depending on the matrix. The method was successfully applied to quantify biocides in dairy products and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Dos Santos
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul state, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ionara R Pizzutti
- Center of Research and Analysis of Contaminants (CEPARC), Department of Chemistry, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul state, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue 1000, Camobi, Rio Grande do Sul state, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Wang F, Jiao Y, Qiu S, Han M, Hou X, He G, Qin S. Multi-pesticide residue screening, identification, and quantification analysis in various fruits and vegetables by UHPLC-Q Exactive HRMS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5990-5998. [PMID: 39162138 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A general strategy for qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of 403 pesticides in various fruits and vegetables was developed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in conjunction with a Thermo Q Exactive Focus high-resolution mass spectrometer, relying on an executable compound database comprised of the exacted mass of precursor ions, retention times, and fragment ions. Taking advantage of the powerful separation capacity of UHPLC, an Orbitrap analyzer with high sensitivity in full scan mode and elevated mass resolution of product ions in the MS/MS mode, eight pairs of isomers and fifty-seven groups of isobaric compounds were selectively identified. The method was then systematically assessed and validated for eight fruits and vegetables, in terms of screening detection limit (SDL), matrix effects, recovery, and precision over 400 pesticides. The results showed that the SDLs of 68.0-84.4% for the pesticides were less than or equal to 10 μg kg-1 in the representative matrices, recoveries in the range of 60-120% accounting for 48.6-84.4% of all the targets at three lower fortified levels of 5, 20, and 50 μg kg-1 with a precision of less than 20% while the range of overall average recoveries for the majority of the pesticides were from 82.4% to 105.1% in the as-selected matrices with RSDs between 3.9% and 7.7%. Using this method, screening data from a survey of pesticide residues in 68 practical samples across 32 different matrix types provides scientific data for the inspection and supervision of pesticide residue safety of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ying Jiao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shiting Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Mei Han
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Guangyun He
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Shudi Qin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
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Tkalec Ž, Antignac JP, Bandow N, Béen FM, Belova L, Bessems J, Le Bizec B, Brack W, Cano-Sancho G, Chaker J, Covaci A, Creusot N, David A, Debrauwer L, Dervilly G, Duca RC, Fessard V, Grimalt JO, Guerin T, Habchi B, Hecht H, Hollender J, Jamin EL, Klánová J, Kosjek T, Krauss M, Lamoree M, Lavison-Bompard G, Meijer J, Moeller R, Mol H, Mompelat S, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Oberacher H, Parinet J, Van Poucke C, Roškar R, Togola A, Trontelj J, Price EJ. Innovative analytical methodologies for characterizing chemical exposure with a view to next-generation risk assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108585. [PMID: 38521044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical burden on the environment and human population is increasing. Consequently, regulatory risk assessment must keep pace to manage, reduce, and prevent adverse impacts on human and environmental health associated with hazardous chemicals. Surveillance of chemicals of known, emerging, or potential future concern, entering the environment-food-human continuum is needed to document the reality of risks posed by chemicals on ecosystem and human health from a one health perspective, feed into early warning systems and support public policies for exposure mitigation provisions and safe and sustainable by design strategies. The use of less-conventional sampling strategies and integration of full-scan, high-resolution mass spectrometry and effect-directed analysis in environmental and human monitoring programmes have the potential to enhance the screening and identification of a wider range of chemicals of known, emerging or potential future concern. Here, we outline the key needs and recommendations identified within the European Partnership for Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) project for leveraging these innovative methodologies to support the development of next-generation chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Nicole Bandow
- German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Colditzstraße 34, 12099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frederic M Béen
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Jos Bessems
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
| | | | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Jade Chaker
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- INRAE, French National Research Institute For Agriculture, Food & Environment, UR1454 EABX, Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHub, Gazinet Cestas, France.
| | - Arthur David
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg; Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Thierry Guerin
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Strategy and Programs Department, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Baninia Habchi
- INRS, Département Toxicologie et Biométrologie Laboratoire Biométrologie 1, rue du Morvan - CS 60027 - 54519, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
| | - Helge Hecht
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gwenaelle Lavison-Bompard
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Chemistry for Environment and Health, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruth Moeller
- Unit Medical Expertise and Data Intelligence, Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research - Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Mompelat
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35306 Fougères, France.
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Health Protection, Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 1 Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Insbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Julien Parinet
- ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Pesticides and Marine Biotoxins Unit, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Christof Van Poucke
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries And Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Slovenia.
| | - Anne Togola
- BRGM, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans, France.
| | | | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nijssen R, Lommen A, van den Top H, van Dam R, Meuleman-Bot C, Tienstra M, Zomer P, Sunarto S, van Tricht F, Blokland M, Mol H. Assessment of exposure to pesticides: residues in 24 h duplicate diets versus their metabolites in 24 h urine using suspect screening and target analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:635-650. [PMID: 37736840 PMCID: PMC10766712 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring can add value to chemical risk assessment by reducing the assumptions regarding consumption rates, residue occurrence, and processing effects and by integrating exposures from different sources (diet, household use, environmental). However, the relationship between exposure and concentration in human matrices is unknown for most pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to gain more insight into the qualitative and quantitative relationship between dietary intake of pesticides (external exposure) and urinary excretion (reflecting internal exposure). In this cross-sectional observational study, 35 healthy consumers aged 18-65 years from the region of Wageningen, Netherlands, collected an exact duplicate portion of their diets during 24 h. On the same day, they also collected all their urine. The duplicate diets were analyzed using target screening by GC- and LC-HRMS; each duplicate diet contained at least five, up to 21, pesticide residues. The 24 h urine samples were analyzed using LC-HRMS in a suspect screening workflow. Metabolites were tentatively detected in all 24 h urine samples, ranging from six metabolites corresponding to four pesticides up to 40 metabolites originating from 16 pesticides in a single urine sample. In total, 65 metabolites originating from 28 pesticides were tentatively detected. After prioritization and additional confirmation experiments, 28 metabolites originating from 10 pesticides were identified with confidence level 1 or 2b. Next, quantitative analysis was performed for a selection of pesticides in duplicate diets and their metabolites in 24 h urine to assess quantitative relationships. In the quantitative comparisons between duplicate diet and 24 h urine, it was found that some metabolites were already present in the duplicate diet, which may give an overestimation of exposure to the parent pesticide based on measurement of the metabolites in urine. Additionally, the quantitative comparisons suggest a background exposure through other exposure routes. We conclude that suspect screening of 24 h urine samples can disclose exposure to mixtures of pesticide on the same day in the general population. However, more research is needed to obtain quantitative relationships between dietary intake and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A Lommen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H van den Top
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R van Dam
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Meuleman-Bot
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Tienstra
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Sunarto
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F van Tricht
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, part of Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Nijssen R, Blokland MH, Wegh RS, de Lange E, van Leeuwen SPJ, Berendsen BJA, van de Schans MGM. Comparison of Compound Identification Tools Using Data Dependent and Data Independent High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Spectra. Metabolites 2023; 13:777. [PMID: 37512484 PMCID: PMC10383988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is a frequently applied technique for suspect screening (SS) and non-target screening (NTS) in metabolomics and environmental toxicology. However, correctly identifying compounds based on SS or NTS approaches remains challenging, especially when using data-independent acquisition (DIA). This study assessed the performance of four HRMS-spectra identification tools to annotate in-house generated data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and DIA HRMS spectra of 32 pesticides, veterinary drugs, and their metabolites. The identification tools were challenged with a diversity of compounds, including isomeric compounds. The identification power was evaluated in solvent standards and spiked feed extract. In DDA spectra, the mass spectral library mzCloud provided the highest success rate, with 84% and 88% of the compounds correctly identified in the top three in solvent standard and spiked feed extract, respectively. The in silico tools MSfinder, CFM-ID, and Chemdistiller also performed well in DDA data, with identification success rates above 75% for both solvent standard and spiked feed extract. MSfinder provided the highest identification success rates using DIA spectra with 72% and 75% (solvent standard and spiked feed extract, respectively), and CFM-ID performed almost similarly in solvent standard and slightly less in spiked feed extract (72% and 63%). The identification success rates for Chemdistiller (66% and 38%) and mzCloud (66% and 31%) were lower, especially in spiked feed extract. The difference in success rates between DDA and DIA is most likely caused by the higher complexity of the DIA spectra, making direct spectral matching more complex. However, this study demonstrates that DIA spectra can be used for compound annotation in certain software tools, although the success rate is lower than for DDA spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin S Wegh
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Lange
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P J van Leeuwen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milou G M van de Schans
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yang Y, Yang L, Zheng M, Cao D, Liu G. Data acquisition methods for non-targeted screening in environmental analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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8
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Meijer N, Nijssen R, Bosch M, Boers E, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Aflatoxin B1 Metabolism of Reared Alphitobius diaperinus in Different Life-Stages. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040357. [PMID: 35447799 PMCID: PMC9025786 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of carcinogenic aflatoxins in food and feed is a major issue. In prior studies, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and known primary metabolites were absent from Lesser Mealworm (LMW, Alphitobius diaperinus) reared on contaminated diets. LMW is a promising alternative protein source. The objectives of this stu\dy were to determine whether LMW can be reared on AfB1-contaminated feed in each life-stage, and to gather more insight into potential metabolites formed. Results suggested no adverse effects in terms of survival/growth when three stages of LMW (larvae, pre-pupae, beetles) were exposed to feed containing AfB1 concentrations of 200 and 600 µg/kg for 48 h. Insect and frass samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and high-resolution MS to, respectively, quantify concentrations of AfB1 and its major metabolites, and determine secondary metabolites. No AfB1 or major metabolites were quantified in the insect samples. Mass balance calculations showed that up to 40% of spiked AfB1 could be recovered in the frass, in the form of AfB1, aflatoxicol and AfM1. HRMS results suggested the presence of additional metabolites in the frass, but, due to lack of commercially available reference standards for these compounds, exact identification and quantification was not possible. More research is needed to verify the absence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Meijer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (E.B.); (H.J.v.d.F.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosalie Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (E.B.); (H.J.v.d.F.-K.)
| | - Marlou Bosch
- Ynsect NL Nutrition & Health B.V., Harderwijkerweg 141B, 3852 AB Ermelo, The Netherlands;
| | - Ed Boers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (E.B.); (H.J.v.d.F.-K.)
| | - H. J. van der Fels-Klerx
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.N.); (E.B.); (H.J.v.d.F.-K.)
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9
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Jansen LJM, Nijssen R, Bolck YJC, Wegh RS, van de Schans MGM, Berendsen BJA. Systematic assessment of acquisition and data-processing parameters in the suspect screening of veterinary drugs in archive matrices using LC-HRMS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:272-284. [PMID: 34854800 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1999507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring strategies for veterinary drugs in products of animal origin are shifting towards a more risk-based approach. Such strategies not only target a limited number of predefined .substances but also facilitate detection of unexpected substances. By combining the use of archive matrices such as feather meal with suspect-screening methods, early detection of new hazards in the food and feed industry can be achieved. Effective application of such strategies is hampered by complex data interpretation and therefore, targeted data analysis is commonly applied. In this study, the performance of a suspect-screening data processing workflow using a suspect list or the online spectral database mzCloudTM was explored to facilitate detection of veterinary drugs in archive matrices. Data evaluation parameters specifically investigated for application of a suspect list were mass tolerance and the addition or omission of retention times. Application of a mass tolerance of 1.5 ppm leads to an increase in the number of false positives, as does omission of retention times in the suspect list. Different acquisition modes yielding different qualities of MS2 data were studied and proved to be a critical factor, where data-dependent acquisition is preferred when matching to the mzCloudTM database. Using this approach, it is possible to search for compounds on a dedicated suspect list based on the exact mass and retention times and, at the same time, detect unexpected compounds without a priori information. A pilot study was conducted and fourteen different antibiotics were detected (and confirmed by MS/MS). Three of these antibiotics were not included in the suspect list. The optimised suspect-screening method proved to be fit for the purpose of finding veterinary drugs in feather meal, which are not in the scope of the current monitoring methods and therefore, it gives added value in the perspective of a risk-based monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J M Jansen
- Authenticity & Veterinary Drugs, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Nijssen
- Contaminants & Toxicology, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette J C Bolck
- Authenticity & Veterinary Drugs, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin S Wegh
- Authenticity & Veterinary Drugs, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milou G M van de Schans
- Authenticity & Veterinary Drugs, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J A Berendsen
- Authenticity & Veterinary Drugs, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Silva V, Alaoui A, Schlünssen V, Vested A, Graumans M, van Dael M, Trevisan M, Suciu N, Mol H, Beekmann K, Figueiredo D, Harkes P, Hofman J, Kandeler E, Abrantes N, Campos I, Martínez MÁ, Pereira JL, Goossens D, Gandrass J, Debler F, Lwanga EH, Jonker M, van Langevelde F, Sorensen MT, Wells JM, Boekhorst J, Huss A, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Nathanail P, Nathanail J, Tamm L, Fantke P, Mark J, Grovermann C, Frelih-Larsen A, Herb I, Chivers CA, Mills J, Alcon F, Contreras J, Baldi I, Pasković I, Matjaz G, Norgaard T, Aparicio V, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V, Scheepers PTJ. Collection of human and environmental data on pesticide use in Europe and Argentina: Field study protocol for the SPRINT project. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259748. [PMID: 34780516 PMCID: PMC8592492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current farm systems rely on the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP) to secure high productivity and control threats to the quality of the crops. However, PPP use may have considerable impacts on human health and the environment. A study protocol is presented aiming to determine the occurrence and levels of PPP residues in plants (crops), animals (livestock), humans and other non-target species (ecosystem representatives) for exposure modelling and impact assessment. To achieve this, we designed a cross-sectional study to compare conventional and organic farm systems across Europe. Environmental and biological samples were/are being/will be collected during the 2021 growing season, at 10 case study sites in Europe covering a range of climate zones and crops. An additional study site in Argentina will inform the impact of PPP use on growing soybean which is an important European protein-source in animal feed. We will study the impact of PPP mixtures using an integrated risk assessment methodology. The fate of PPP in environmental media (soil, water and air) and in the homes of farmers will be monitored. This will be complemented by biomonitoring to estimate PPP uptake by humans and farm animals (cow, goat, sheep and chicken), and by collection of samples from non-target species (earthworms, fish, aquatic and terrestrial macroinvertebrates, bats, and farm cats). We will use data on PPP residues in environmental and biological matrices to estimate exposures by modelling. These exposure estimates together with health and toxicity data will be used to predict the impact of PPP use on environment, plant, animal and human health. The outcome of this study will then be integrated with socio-economic information leading to an overall assessment used to identify transition pathways towards more sustainable plant protection and inform decision makers, practitioners and other stakeholders regarding farming practices and land use policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martien Graumans
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maurice van Dael
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nicoleta Suciu
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DISTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Karsten Beekmann
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Department, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas–CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dirk Goossens
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- KU Leuven Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geo-institute, Celestijnenlaan, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Organic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Freya Debler
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Organic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank van Langevelde
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucius Tamm
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture—FIBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Mark
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture—FIBL, Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte-Anne Chivers
- Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Mills
- Countryside and Community Research Institute, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Isabelle Baldi
- INSERM U1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux University, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
| | - Igor Pasković
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Poreč, Croatia
| | - Glavan Matjaz
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Virginia Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria—INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Coen J. Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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11
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Wong JW, Wang J, Chang JS, Chow W, Carlson R, Rajski Ł, Fernández-Alba AR, Self R, Cooke WK, Lock CM, Mercer GE, Mastovska K, Schmitz J, Vaclavik L, Li L, Panawennage D, Pang GF, Zhou H, Miao S, Ho C, Lam TCH, To YBS, Zomer P, Hung YC, Lin SW, Liao CD, Culberson D, Taylor T, Wu Y, Yu D, Lim PL, Wu Q, Schirlé-Keller JPX, Williams SM, Johnson YS, Nason SL, Ammirata M, Eitzer BD, Willis M, Wyatt S, Kwon S, Udawatte N, Priyasantha K, Wan P, Filigenzi MS, Bakota EL, Sumarah MW, Renaud JB, Parinet J, Biré R, Hort V, Prakash S, Conway M, Pyke JS, Yang DHD, Jia W, Zhang K, Hayward DG. Multilaboratory Collaborative Study of a Nontarget Data Acquisition for Target Analysis (nDATA) Workflow Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Screening in Fruits and Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13200-13216. [PMID: 34709825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget data acquisition for target analysis (nDATA) workflows using liquid chromatography-high-resolution accurate mass (LC-HRAM) spectrometry, spectral screening software, and a compound database have generated interest because of their potential for screening of pesticides in foods. However, these procedures and particularly the instrument processing software need to be thoroughly evaluated before implementation in routine analysis. In this work, 25 laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate an nDATA workflow on high moisture produce (apple, banana, broccoli, carrot, grape, lettuce, orange, potato, strawberry, and tomato). Samples were extracted in each laboratory by quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS), and data were acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a high-resolution quadrupole Orbitrap (QOrbitrap) or quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer operating in full-scan mass spectrometry (MS) data-independent tandem mass spectrometry (LC-FS MS/DIA MS/MS) acquisition mode. The nDATA workflow was evaluated using a restricted compound database with 51 pesticides and vendor processing software. Pesticide identifications were determined by retention time (tR, ±0.5 min relative to the reference retention times used in the compound database) and mass errors (δM) of the precursor (RTP, δM ≤ ±5 ppm) and product ions (RTPI, δM ≤ ±10 ppm). The elution profiles of all 51 pesticides were within ±0.5 min among 24 of the participating laboratories. Successful screening was determined by false positive and false negative rates of <5% in unfortified (pesticide-free) and fortified (10 and 100 μg/kg) produce matrices. Pesticide responses were dependent on the pesticide, matrix, and instrument. The false negative rates were 0.7 and 0.1% at 10 and 100 μg/kg, respectively, and the false positive rate was 1.1% from results of the participating LC-HRAM platforms. Further evaluation was achieved by providing produce samples spiked with pesticides at concentrations blinded to the laboratories. Twenty-two of the 25 laboratories were successful in identifying all fortified pesticides (0-7 pesticides ranging from 5 to 50 μg/kg) for each produce sample (99.7% detection rate). These studies provide convincing evidence that the nDATA comprehensive approach broadens the screening capabilities of pesticide analyses and provide a platform with the potential to be easily extended to a larger number of other chemical residues and contaminants in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon W Wong
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Calgary Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3650 36th Street Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - James S Chang
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, California 95134, United States
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Willis Chow
- Calgary Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3650 36th Street Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - Roland Carlson
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, California Department of Food and Agriculture, 3292 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, California 95832, United States
| | - Łukasz Rajski
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 40120 Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables, University of Almería, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Ctra. Sacramento S/N, La Cañada de San Urbano, 40120 Almería, Spain
| | - Randy Self
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - William K Cooke
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Christopher M Lock
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Gregory E Mercer
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Drive SE, Bothell, Washington 98021, United States
| | - Katerina Mastovska
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - John Schmitz
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Lukas Vaclavik
- Eurofins Food Chemistry Testing, 6304 Ronald Reagan Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Lingyun Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12237, United States
| | - Deepika Panawennage
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12237, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11 Ronghua Nanlu, Beijing Economic Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhou
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Miao
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, 1500 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Clare Ho
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony Chong-Ho Lam
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yim-Bun Sze To
- Government Laboratory, Analytical and Advisory Services Division, 7/F, Ho Man Tin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau Street, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6708 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yu-Ching Hung
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Lin
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ding Liao
- Division of Research and Analysis, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Danny Culberson
- North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 4000 Reedy Creek Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Tameka Taylor
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, 701 Mapes Road, Ft. Meade, Maryland 20755-5350, United States
| | - Yuansheng Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Dingyi Yu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Poh Leong Lim
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Qiong Wu
- National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, 10 Perahu Road, Singapore 718837
| | - Jean-Paul X Schirlé-Keller
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Sheldon M Williams
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Yoko S Johnson
- Laboratory Services Division, Minnesota Department of Agriculture, 601 North Robert Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55155-2531, United States
| | - Sara L Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Michael Ammirata
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Brian D Eitzer
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Michelle Willis
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, 600 5th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Shane Wyatt
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services, 600 5th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - SoYoung Kwon
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nayane Udawatte
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kandalama Priyasantha
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ping Wan
- Pesticide Laboratories at the Office of Indiana State Chemist, 175 South University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael S Filigenzi
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, 620 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Erica L Bakota
- Kansas City Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66214, United States
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Justin B Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Julien Parinet
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ronel Biré
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vincent Hort
- Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Shristi Prakash
- OMIC USA Inc., 3344 Northwest Industrial Street, Portland, Oregon 97210, United States
| | - Michael Conway
- OMIC USA Inc., 3344 Northwest Industrial Street, Portland, Oregon 97210, United States
| | - James S Pyke
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Dan-Hui Dorothy Yang
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Douglas G Hayward
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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12
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Wang J, Chow W, Wong JW, Chang J. Applications of nDATA for screening, quantitation, and identification of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap all ion fragmentation and data independent acquisition. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4783. [PMID: 34519115 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High sample throughput and effective multiresidue methods for screening, quantitation, and identification are desired for the analysis of a large number of pesticides in routine monitoring programs for food safety. This study was designed to explore the use of an UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap nontarget data acquisition for target analysis (nDATA) workflow for screening 655 pesticides and quantifying a small group of 46 most likely incurred pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in a single analysis. High-resolution mass spectrometers such as the Q-Orbitrap offer unique applications for pesticide analysis using full MS scan with data independent acquisition (DIA) or all ion fragmentation (AIF) scan. The experiments were designed to achieve a balance between selectivity and cycle time by considering parameter settings such as mass resolution and the number of mass isolation windows or isolation window widths. Coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), both full MS/DIA and full MS/AIF nDATA workflows were evaluated for screening, quantification, and identification in a single analysis. In general, UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA detected more fragment ions per pesticide than AIF when one to four fragments were compared. UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA and AIF generated comparable quantitative results, but the latter provided slightly better repeatability likely due to its shorter cycle time and more scans across a chromatographic peak. UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA may be preferable for screening, quantitation and identification when the testing scope covers a few hundreds of pesticides in a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Willis Chow
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon W Wong
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - James Chang
- ThermoFisher Scientific, San Jose, California, USA
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13
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de Albuquerque Cavalcanti G, Moreira Borges R, Reis Alves Carneiro G, Costa Padilha M, Gualberto Pereira HM. Variable Data Independent Acquisition and Data Mining Exploring Feature-Based Molecular Networking Analysis for Untargeted Screening of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2417-2424. [PMID: 34399051 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are constantly emerging in the drug market, and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are included in this NPS family. Forensic laboratories often struggle with these continually emerging SCs, forcing them to develop an untargeted workflow to incorporate these psychoactive drugs in their procedures. Usually, forensic laboratories select analytical methods based on targeted mass spectrometry (MS) technologies for strictly tracking already known NPS. The appropriate way to tackle unknown substances is to develop pipelines for untargeted analysis that include LC-HRMS analytical methods and data analysis. Once established, this strategy would allow drug testing laboratories to be always one step ahead of the new trends concerning the "designer drugs" market. To address this challenge an untargeted workflow based on mass spectrometry data acquisition and data analysis was developed to detect SCs in oral fluid (OF) samples at a low concentration range. The samples were extracted by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography - High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Tandem mass spectra (MS2) were recorded performing a variable isolation width across a mass range of all theoretical precursor ions (vDIA) after the chromatographic separation. After raw data processing with the MSDial software, the deconvoluted features were sent to GNPS for Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) construction for nontargeted data mining. The FBMN analysis created a unique integrated network for most of the SCs assessed in the OF at a low level (20 ng/mL). These results demonstrate the potential of an untargeted approach to detect different derivatives of SCs at trace levels for forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Albuquerque Cavalcanti
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products (IPPN), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Reis Alves Carneiro
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monica Costa Padilha
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo Gualberto Pereira
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD), Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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da Silva MC, Borgati TF, Rocha DG, Lana MAG, Faria AF. A Quantitative and Confirmatory Method Employing Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and QuEChERS for the Determination of Thirty-Seven Growth Promoter Residues in Bovine Urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7990-7996. [PMID: 34227807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 37 growth promoters were quantitatively determined in bovine urine using a QuEChERS approach with acetonitrile, NaCl, and MgSO4:PSA for sample extraction. The analytes were separated and detected by liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method was validated in accordance with the Decision 657/2002/EC guidelines, in which recoveries fell within the range 84-113%, relative standard varied between 2 and 32%, and detection limit between 0.1 and 2.5 μg L-1. An adequate performance was evidenced during a proficiency test evaluation, and the developed method has been applied to routine analysis of growth promoters in Brazil. A highlight is the easiness of sample extraction combined with a quantitative determination of forbidden drugs using high-resolution mass spectrometry, which enables retrospective analysis in a surveillance perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C da Silva
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago F Borgati
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Diego G Rocha
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants in Food of the Agricultural Defense Federal Laboratory of Minas Gerais. Av. Rômulo Joviano, Pedro Leopoldo 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry - Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
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15
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Paul A, Khan Z, Bhattacharyya A, Majumder S, Banerjee K. Multiclass pesticide residue analysis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry: A simultaneous screening and quantitative method. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462208. [PMID: 34000594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Public exposure to pesticides through tobacco has attracted serious attention. Here we report a simultaneous screening and quantitation method for the non-target multiresidue analysis of pesticides in different tobacco types. The method involved extraction of a homogenate (20 g, containing 2 g tobacco) in ethyl acetate (10 mL), cleanup of 2 mL extract by dispersive solid phase extraction with PSA (50 mg)+C18 (50 mg)+GCB (25 mg)+MgSO4 (100 mg), followed by reconstitution in 1 mL acetonitrile:water (3:7) and analysis using HPLC with Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The high resolution accurate mass analysis was performed through sequential full-scan (resolution=35000) and variable data independent acquisition (resolution=17500) events. When the method was evaluated in a mixture of 181 pesticides, it effectively minimised matrix interferences and false negatives. The target compounds included 5 pairs of isomers and 27 pairs of isobars, which were distinguished based on chromatographic separation, mass resolving power and/or unique product ions. The screening detection limit (SDL) for 86.4% of the test pesticides was set at 5 ng/g, while the remainder had the SDLs at 10 ng/g (9.3%) and 40 ng/g (4.3%). Nearly, 75% of the compounds showed recoveries of 70-120% at 10 ng/g. The rest of the compounds showed satisfactory recoveries at 40 and 100 ng/g. In all cases, precision-RSDs were < 20%. The established method demonstrated a successful performance in four different types of tobacco matrices while aligning with the guidelines of SANTE and US-FDA. Owing to its efficiency, the method is recommended for screening and quantitation of multiclass pesticides in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Paul
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India; ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh 533 105, India
| | - Zareen Khan
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Arijita Bhattacharyya
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Sujan Majumder
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 305, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India.
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16
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Wang J, Leung D, Chow W, Wong JW, Chang J. UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap Quantitation of 655 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables-A Companion to an nDATA Working Flow. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:1547-1559. [PMID: 33147334 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective and expansive methods for multiresidue pesticide analysis are desired for routine monitoring programs. These methods are complex, especially when several hundred pesticides are involved. OBJECTIVE Two approaches to sort data and identify isomers and isobaric ions in pesticide mixtures were evaluated to determine whether they could be differentiated by mass resolving power and/or chromatographic resolution. METHOD This study presents an application of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap) along with QuEChERS for the quantitation of 655 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. RESULTS From the developed method, 94.7% of the 655 pesticides in fruits and 93.9% of those in vegetables had recoveries between 81% and 110%; 98.3% in both fruits and vegetables had an intermediate precision of ≤20%; and 97.7% in fruits or 97.4% in vegetables showed measurement uncertainty of ≤50%. When the retention time difference (ΔtR) of two isomers was ≥0.12 min, they were chromatographically resolved. Twenty five out of 35 pairs or groups of isomers were chromatographically separated (ΔtR ≥ 0.12 min), but 14 pairs were not resolved (ΔtR < 0.12 min). There were 493 pairs of pesticides with a mass-to-charge difference of <1 Da. Only one pair of isobaric ions could not be separated by mass and chromatographic resolution. HIGHLIGHTS UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap along with QuEChERS sample preparation offers a practical quantitative companion method to a non-target data acquisition for target analysis workflow for pesticide residue analysis in routine monitoring programs for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650-36th Street N.W, Calgary, AB T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - Daniel Leung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650-36th Street N.W, Calgary, AB T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - Willis Chow
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650-36th Street N.W, Calgary, AB T2L 2L1, Canada
| | - Jon W Wong
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - James Chang
- ThermoFisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134, USA
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17
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Comparison of analyte identification criteria and other aspects in triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: Case study using UHPLC-MS/MS for regulatory analysis of veterinary drug residues in liquid and powdered eggs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:287-302. [PMID: 33963436 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the most powerful tools for the multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drugs, pesticides, mycotoxins, and other chemical contaminants in foods and other sample types. Until approximately 2010, commercial MS/MS instruments using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were generally limited to minimum dwell (and inter-dwell) times of 10 ms per ion transition. To achieve the needed accuracy and detection limits for hundreds of targeted analytes, older UHPLC-MS/MS methods typically acquired only two ion transitions per analyte (yielding only one ion ratio for qualitative identification purposes), which is still the norm despite technological advancements. Newer instruments permit as little as 1 ms (inter-)dwell times to afford monitoring of more MRMs/analyte with minimal sacrifices in accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, quantification and identification were assessed in the validation of 169 veterinary drugs in liquid and powdered eggs. Quantitatively, an "extract-and-inject" sample preparation method yielded acceptable 70-120% recoveries and < 25% RSD for 139-141 (82-83%) of the 169 diverse drug analytes spiked into powdered and liquid eggs, respectively, at three levels of regulatory interest. Qualitatively, rates of false positives and negatives were compared when applying three different regulatory identification criteria in which two or three MRMs/drug were used in each case. Independent of the identification criteria, rates of false positives remained <10% for 95-99% of the drugs whether 2 or 3 ions were monitored, but the percent of drugs with >10% false negatives decreased from 25-45 to 10-12% when using 2 vs. 3 MRMs/analyte, respectively. Use of a concentration threshold at 10% of the regulatory level as an identification criterion was also very useful to reduce rates of false positives independent of ion ratios. Based on these results, monitoring >2 ion transitions per analyte is advised when using MS/MS for analysis, independent of SANTE/12682/2019, FDA/USDA, or 2002/657/EC identification criteria. (Quant)identification results using all three criteria were similar, but the SANTE criteria were advantageous in their greater simplicity and practical ease of use.
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18
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Omwenga I, Kanja L, Zomer P, Louisse J, Rietjens IMCM, Mol H. Organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues and accompanying risks in commonly consumed vegetables in Kenya. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 14:48-58. [PMID: 33353480 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1861661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the levels of organophosphates and carbamates in vegetables in Kenya and to examine potential consumer health risks. A total of 90 samples were analysed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Residues of acephate, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos, omethoate and profenofos were found in 22% of the samples, ranging from 10 to 1343 μg/kg. The EU MRL was exceeded in 21%, 10%, 8% and 22% of the samples of French beans, kales, spinach and tomatoes, respectively. Chlorpyrifos in spinach had an acute HQ of 3.3 and 2.2 for children and adults, respectively, implying that potential health risks with respect to acute dietary exposure cannot be excluded. For chronic dietary exposure, all chronic HQs were below 1. The HI for the pesticides was 0.54 and 0.34 for children and adults. Routine monitoring of OPs and carbamates in vegetables is recommended to minimise consumer's health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Omwenga
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Animal Science, Meru University of Science and Technology , Meru, Kenya
| | - Laetitia Kanja
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Zomer
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Janssen AWF, Duivenvoorde LPM, Rijkers D, Nijssen R, Peijnenburg AACM, van der Zande M, Louisse J. Cytochrome P450 expression, induction and activity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids and comparison with primary human intestinal epithelial cells and Caco-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:907-922. [PMID: 33263786 PMCID: PMC7904554 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) are a promising in vitro model consisting of different intestinal cell types with a 3D microarchitecture resembling native tissue. In the current study, we aimed to assess the expression of the most common intestinal CYP enzymes in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HIO model, and the suitability of that model to study chemical-induced changes in CYP expression and activity. We compared this model with the commonly used human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 and with a human primary intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-based model, closely resembling in vivo tissue. We optimized an existing protocol to differentiate hiPSCs into HIOs and demonstrated that obtained HIOs contain a polarized epithelium with tight junctions consisting of enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells. We extensively characterized the gene expression of CYPs and activity of CYP3A4/5, indicating relatively high gene expression levels of the most important intestinal CYP enzymes in HIOs compared to the other models. Furthermore, we showed that CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were induced by β-naphtoflavone in all three models, whereas CYP3A4 was induced by phenobarbital and rifampicin in HIOs, in the IEC-based model (although not statistically significant), but not in Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, CYP2B6 expression was not induced in any of the models by the well-known liver CYP2B6 inducer phenobarbital. In conclusion, our study indicates that hiPSC-based HIOs are a useful in vitro intestinal model to study biotransformation of chemicals in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke W F Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Loes P M Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Nijssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Yan XT, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Technical Overview of Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to the Detection of Small Molecules in Food (Update Since 2012). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:593-626. [PMID: 32880479 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1815168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Food safety and quality issues are becoming increasingly important and attract much attention, requiring the development of better analytical platforms. For example, high-resolution (especially Orbitrap) mass spectrometry simultaneously offers versatile functions such as targeted/non-targeted screening while providing qualitative and quantitative information on an almost unlimited number of analytes to facilitate routine analysis and even allows for official surveillance in the food field. This review covers the current state of Orbitrap mass spectrometry (OMS) usage in food analysis based on research reported in 2012-2019, particularly highlighting the technical aspects of OMS application and the achievement of OMS-based screening and quantitative analysis in the food field. The gained insights enhance our understanding of state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometry and highlight the challenges and directions of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Yan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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A strategy for the determination of flavor substances in goat milk by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Garvey J, Walsh T, Devaney E, King T, Kilduff R. Multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues and polychlorinated biphenyls in fruit and vegetables using orbital ion trap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7113-7121. [PMID: 32749509 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand on pesticide residue laboratories to increase their scope of analysis, high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) systems have found increasing popularity in this area. The systems have the advantage of much more reliable confirmation as high resolution increases the ability to distinguish between masses which are close together and the mass accuracy achieved limits the number of structural formulae. To date, much of the work involving these systems has revolved around developing screening methods and little has been done on use of these systems for quantitative methods. Here we describe the development and validation of a quantitative method for the analysis of 167 pesticide residues and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in samples of fruit and vegetables according to the protocol described in EU SANTE guidance document. The determination method involves analysis using a GC QExactive orbitrap in full scan mode using EI. The samples were then extracted using the standard mini-Luke method. After extraction with acetone/dichloromethane/petroleum ether 40-60 °C, a solvent exchange into ethyl acetate is carried out. Recovery work was carried out in cucumber, lemon and broccoli representing high water content, high acid content and high chlorophyll content commodity groups. The results show that the default MRL of 10 ppb can be achieved for more than 93% of the pesticides studied. Mass accuracy, ion ratio and matrix effect studies show that the method is robust and provides a viable alternative to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer systems for the quantification of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Garvey
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland.
| | - Tony Walsh
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Elaine Devaney
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Teresa King
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
| | - Ross Kilduff
- The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, The Food Chemistry Laboratories, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, W23 VW2C, Ireland
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23
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Vargas-Pérez M, Domínguez I, González FJE, Frenich AG. Application of full scan gas chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry data to quantify targeted-pesticide residues and to screen for additional substances of concern in fresh-food commodities. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1622:461118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Jia W, Dong X, Shi L, Chu X. Discrimination of Milk from Different Animal Species by a Foodomics Approach Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6638-6645. [PMID: 32469210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An untargeted foodomics strategy based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap and chemometrics was used to observe subtle differences in the molecule profiles of raw milk from different animal species (cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk), which could prevent the fraud activities in the dairy industry. In data-dependent acquisition (DIA), spectra for all precursor ions facilitated the comprehensive identification of unknown compounds in untargeted foodomics. Chemometrics techniques were used to analyze large amounts of complex data to observe the separation of different sample groups and find the potential markers of sample groups. Finally, five markers were putatively identified by the potential marker identification workflow. The quantification results showed that β-carotene was found only in cow milk; ergocalciferol was found only in water buffalo milk; and the contents of nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were higher in goat milk than those in cow milk and water buffalo milk. The quantification of β-carotene enabled the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w). This work provided an efficient approach for the discrimination of cow milk, goat milk, and water buffalo milk. Compared with proteomics and genomics, the simpler analytical procedures, lower costs, and higher speed of this work make it of great benefit for routine operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuyang Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaogang Chu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, China
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25
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Guo Z, Zhu Z, Huang S, Wang J. Non-targeted screening of pesticides for food analysis using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1180-1201. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1753890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Chiriac ER, Chiţescu CL, Borda D, Lupoae M, Gird CE, Geană EI, Blaga GV, Boscencu R. Comparison of the Polyphenolic Profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. Sprouts in Different Germination Stages Using the UHPLC-Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102321. [PMID: 32429231 PMCID: PMC7288055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and quantification of polyphenols in plant material are of great interest since they make a significant contribution to its total bioactivity. In the present study, an UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS approach using the variable data acquisition mode (vDIA) was developed and applied for rapid separation, identification, and quantification of the main polyphenolic compounds in Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. sprouts in different germination stages. Based on accurate MS data and fragment ions identification strategy, a total of 29 compounds were identified by comparing their accurate masses, fragment ions, retention times, and literatures. Additionally, a number of 30 compounds were quantified by comparing to the reference standards. Data were statistically analysed. For both plant species, the sprouts of the third germination day are valuable sources of bioactive compounds and could be used in phytotherapy and nutrition. Although Trifolium pratense L. (Red Clover) is considered to be a reference for natural remedies in relieving menopause disorders, alfalfa also showed a high level of biological active compounds with estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roxana Chiriac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.C.); (C.E.G.); (R.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 35 A.I. Cuza Str., 800010 Galaţi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Lidia Chiţescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 35 A.I. Cuza Str., 800010 Galaţi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela Borda
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Str. Domnească 111, 800201 Galaţi, Romania; (D.B.); (G.-V.B.)
| | - Mariana Lupoae
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 35 A.I. Cuza Str., 800010 Galaţi, Romania;
| | - Cerasela Elena Gird
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.C.); (C.E.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Elisabeta-Irina Geană
- National Research &Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies (ICSI Rm. Valcea), 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania;
| | - Giorgiana-Valentina Blaga
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galaţi, Str. Domnească 111, 800201 Galaţi, Romania; (D.B.); (G.-V.B.)
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.R.C.); (C.E.G.); (R.B.)
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Wu IL, Turnipseed SB, Storey JM, Andersen WC, Madson MR. Comparison of data acquisition modes with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry for targeted and non-targeted residue screening in aquacultured eel. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8642. [PMID: 31702084 PMCID: PMC7722469 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A current trend in monitoring chemical contaminants in animal products is to use high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In this study, several HRMS data acquistion modes using Orbitrap MS for simultaneous full-scan MS in combination with MS2 analysis were evaulated for their effectiveness in detecting and identifying both targeted and non-targeted veterinary drug residues in aquacultured eel samples. METHODS Sample preparation consisted of an acidic acetonitrile extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup for analysis using LC/HRMS. Different data acquisition methods, including full-scan MS with non-targeted all ion fragmentation (AIF), multiplexed or variable data-independent analysis (mDIA or vDIA), targeted data-dependent MS2 (DDMS2), and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) acquisition, were explored. The methods were evaluated with fortified eel tissue and imported eel samples to determine how many analytes could be detected and identified. RESULTS For non-targeted data acquisition, the number of analytes detected using DIA methods matched the results obtained by AIF, but the resulting product ion scans were more diagnostic because characteristic ions were predominant in the DIA MS2 spectra. In targeted analysis for a limited list of 68 compounds, full-scan MS followed by PRM was advantageous compared with DDMS2 because high-quality MS2 spectra were generated for almost all the analytes at target testing levels. CONCLUSIONS For residue screening, AIF has fast MS1 scan speed with adequate detection of product ions but may lead to false positive findings. DIA methods are better suited to monitor for both targeted and non-targeted compounds because they generate more characteristic MS2 spectra for retrospective library searching. For follow-up targeted analysis, PRM is prefered over DDMS2 when searching for a limited set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Wu
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph M Storey
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy C Andersen
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R Madson
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Preliminary Study to Develop an Alternative Method for the Non-targeted Determination of Xenobiotics in Food by Means of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High Resolution and Accuracy Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis preliminary study describes the use of high resolution and accuracy mass spectrometry techniques combined with new generation chemical software products for detecting and identifying contaminants in food commodities. As a first step, the extracts of routine target analysis samples (obtained in our official laboratory responsible for food residues control) were acquired and processed with this method in order to search unknown and non-targeted contaminants in food. In order to verify the feasibility of the presented method, the research has been firstly addressed to untargeted pesticides and their metabolites in stone fruits commodities and tomatoes. The differential analysis carried with Compound Discoverer 2.0 between the investigated unknown sample and the blank matrix sample allowed to remove all the matrix molecular components; Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) helped to understand and predict chemical interpretation of substances. The acquisition in FullScan-AIF and FullScan-ddMS2 allowed the clear detection and identification of isobaric compounds such as quinalphos and phoxim. In order to verify that the proposed method is suitable to the scope of application, the main points of SANTE/11813/2017 Document have been followed. The results demonstrate that no false positives and no false negatives have been detected from the analysis of samples spiked with 55 pesticides at 0.010 and 0.10 mg kg−1. This preliminary study has been also tested with a Proficiency Test (EUPT-FV-SM08) and, according to EUPT-FV-SM08 Final Report, our laboratory has been included in the 67% (56) that clearly detected over 70% pesticides. Finally, this method has been extended to other matrices and contaminants.
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Tonoli D, Staub Spörri A, Blanco M, Jan P, Larcinese JP, Schmidt-Millasson P, Ortelli D, Edder P. Performance enhancement and sample throughput increase of a multiresidue pesticides method in fruits and vegetables using Data-Dependent MS acquisition. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 37:110-120. [PMID: 31622179 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1676920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growing number of analysed pesticide residues, analytical strategies have evolved for the data processing of 100s of pesticides in a single analysis. We present herein a LC-MS/MS method based on triple quadrupole technology capable of detecting concentrations at 5 ng/g and confirming 381 pesticides in a single injection. Confirmatory analysis is performed using data-dependent acquisition that compares full MS/MS spectra of candidates to a fast library interrogation within the same injection. A comparison on more than 200 samples of fruits and vegetables (representing principal types: normal, pigmented, and fatty) with pre-existing workflow based on single MRM analysis per compound was performed to validate this approach. A fast turnaround time was demonstrated due to more-unambiguous identification suppressing the need for reinjection to confirm candidates. The automated library searching and confirmation only of putative hits also allowed focusing on the manual verification and validation steps just for putative candidates which hence also increased overall throughput and results quality. Superior robustness of the method due partially to a reduced volume injected was also one of the key points achieved using this methodology. An interesting feature is also the capability to enrich the library and the number of pesticides screened with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tonoli
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Staub Spörri
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Blanco
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Jan
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Larcinese
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Schmidt-Millasson
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Ortelli
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Edder
- Geneva Health Department, Official Food Control Authority and Veterinary Affairs of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vaikosen EN, Gibson LT, Davidson CM, Olu-Owolabi BI, Adebowale K, Ebeshi BU, Diagboya PN. GC-MS fragmentation patterns of sprayed endosulfan and its sulphate metabolite in samples of Theobroma cacao L from a field kinetic study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:362-371. [PMID: 30558457 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718817690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most environmental analytical methods for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are multi-residual with other organic compounds co-extracted and co-eluted. This has been observed in GC spectra using classical detectors like electron-capture detector (ECD) even after appropriate clean-up. This limitation could be resolved by using GC-MS methods which are more specific and selective. Thus, a commercial-grade endosulfan treated Theobroma cacao plantation was sampled. Representative samples comprising leaves, stem bark and pulp were obtained between 0.5 h and 60 days after treatment. Samples were analyzed for residual parent endosulfan (α- and β-isomers) as well as the metabolite endosulfan sulphate using an ion trap GC-MS. The retention times and chromatogram peaks obtained for various endosulfan were identified and compared with reference standards, and confirmed with National Institute of Standards and Technology library. Results showed that the molecular ion at m/z 407 was exhibited by α- and β-endosulfan, representing the parent molecular ion M+• ([C9H6Cl6SO3]+•). The α-isomer was more thermally stable, hence exhibited more relative abundance. Other predominant peaks were 339, 307, 277, 265, 243, 241, 207, 195, 160, 159, 99 and 75 m/z. The peak at m/z 159 was the base molecular ion. For endosulfan sulphate, the peak at m/z 422 corresponded to parent molecular ion (M+•), while m/z 424 was due to isotopic pattern characteristic of the chlorine atom. The peaks at 387, 357, 289, 272, 229, 206, 170, and 120 m/z were characteristic for the sulphate metabolite. The m/z peak at 272 was the base molecular ion, while m/z 143 may be due to metabolite diol and lactone. These results showed that the various endosulfan species can be identified and confirmed simultaneously using a GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edebi N Vaikosen
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- 2 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
| | - Lorraine T Gibson
- 2 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine M Davidson
- 2 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Kayode Adebowale
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin U Ebeshi
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria
| | - Paul Ne Diagboya
- 4 Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbiljpark, South Africa
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Biesterbos JWH, Sijm DTHM, van Dam R, Mol HGJ. A health risk for consumers: the presence of adulterated food supplements in the Netherlands. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1273-1288. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1633020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline W. H. Biesterbos
- Office for Risk Assessment & Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick T. H. M. Sijm
- Office for Risk Assessment & Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Dam
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans G. J. Mol
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kadokami K, Ueno D. Comprehensive Target Analysis for 484 Organic Micropollutants in Environmental Waters by the Combination of Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment-Ion Spectra Acquisition. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7749-7755. [PMID: 31132244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are many thousands of chemicals in use for a wide range of purposes, and highly efficient analytical methods are required to monitor them for protection of the environment. In order to cope with this difficult task we developed a novel, comprehensive method for 484 substances in water samples. In this method target chemicals were extracted by tandem SPE and then determined by LC-QTOF-MS-SWATH. Targets were unambiguously identified using retention times, accurate masses of a precursor and two product ions, their ion ratios, and accurate MS/MS spectrum. Quantitation was achieved by the internal standard method using a precursor ion. Results of recovery tests at two concentrations (50 and 500 ng L-1) showed average recoveries of 87.5% and 87.0% (RSD, 9.1% and 9.4%), respectively. Limits of detection of one-half of the targets were below 1.0 ng L-1. The method was applied to the influent and effluent of a sewage treatment plant, and around 100 chemicals were detected. Results of examination on matrix effects using their extracts spiked with 209 pesticides showed that the ratios of detected amounts between the extracts and the standard solution were 89.8% (influent) and 91.7% (effluent), respectively. In addition, investigation on the stability of calibration curves by injecting the same standards for 1 year showed that their quantitative results did not change; average accuracy was 103.3% (RSD, 10.0%), indicating that the calibration curves can be used for an extended period of time without calibration, and quantitative retrospective analysis can be done after creating calibration curves for new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology , The University of Kitakyushu , 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu , Kitakyushu , Japan
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Graduate School of Agriculture , Saga University , 1 Honjyo, Honjyo-machi , Saga , Japan
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Shao B, Li H, Shen J, Wu Y. Nontargeted Detection Methods for Food Safety and Integrity. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:429-455. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nontargeted workflows for chemical hazard analyses are highly desirable in the food safety and integrity fields to ensure human health. Two different analytical strategies, nontargeted metabolomics and chemical database filtering, can be used to screen unknown contaminants in food matrices. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolutions are necessary for the detection of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of candidate ions. Analytical chemistry–based technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), combined with chemometrics analysis are being used to generate molecular formulas of compounds of interest. The construction of a chemical database plays a crucial role in nontargeted detection. This review provides an overview of the current sample preparation, analytical chemistry–based techniques, and data analysis as well as the limitations and challenges of nontargeted detection methods for analyzing complex food matrices. Improvements in sample preparation and analytical platforms may enhance the relevance of food authenticity, quality, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Enhanced identification of the in vivo metabolites of Ecliptae Herba in rat plasma by integrating untargeted data-dependent MS2 and predictive multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion scan. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:99-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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36
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Wang J, Chow W, Wong JW, Leung D, Chang J, Li M. Non-target data acquisition for target analysis (nDATA) of 845 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1421-1431. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Yue X, He J, Zhang R, Xu J, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Development of simultaneous targeted metabolite quantification and untargeted metabolomics strategy using dual-column liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:369-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Han B, Min H, Jeon M, Kang B, Son J. A rapid non‐target screening method for determining prohibited substances in human urine using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:382-391. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Han
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea
| | - Byeori Kang
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea
- Department of Biological ChemistryKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Jia W, Shi L, Chu X, Chang J, Chen Y, Zhang F. A strategy for untargeted screening of macrolides and metabolites in bass by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 262:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Wong JW, Wang J, Chow W, Carlson R, Jia Z, Zhang K, Hayward DG, Chang JS. Perspectives on Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Screening in Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9573-9581. [PMID: 30169025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This perspective discusses the use of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in foods and agricultural commodities. HRMS has the important distinction and advantage of mass-resolving power and, therefore, requires different concepts, experiments, and guidance for screening, identification, and quantitation of pesticides in complex food matrices over triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. HRMS approaches for pesticide screening, including full-scan experiments in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments, are described. This approach results in the generation of chromatographic retention times and high-resolution mass spectra with accurate mass measurements that can be used to create compound databases. New data processing tools can create an efficient and optimized screening approach that can speed the analysis and identification of compounds, reduce the need for chemical standards, and harmonize pesticide analytical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon W Wong
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , United States Food and Drug Administration , 5001 Campus Drive , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Calgary Laboratory , Canadian Food Inspection Agency , 3650 36th Street Northwest , Calgary , Alberta T2L 2L1 , Canada
| | - Willis Chow
- Calgary Laboratory , Canadian Food Inspection Agency , 3650 36th Street Northwest , Calgary , Alberta T2L 2L1 , Canada
| | - Roland Carlson
- Center for Analytical Chemistry , California Department of Food and Agriculture , 3292 Meadowview Road , Sacramento , California 95832 , United States
| | - Zhengwei Jia
- Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control (SIFDC) , 1500 Zhangheng Road , Shanghai 210203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , United States Food and Drug Administration , 5001 Campus Drive , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - Douglas G Hayward
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition , United States Food and Drug Administration , 5001 Campus Drive , College Park , Maryland 20740 , United States
| | - James S Chang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 355 River Oaks Parkway , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
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Ciasca B, Pascale M, Altieri VG, Longobardi F, Suman M, Catellani D, Lattanzio VMT. In-house validation and small-scale collaborative study to evaluate analytical performances of multimycotoxin screening methods based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry: Case study on Fusarium toxins in wheat. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:743-752. [PMID: 29677705 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A strong trend toward using highly selective mass spectrometry technologies for screening of multiple mycotoxins has been observed in recent years. In the present study, the process of validation of a multimycotoxin screening method based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry method is presented. The method was intended for the simultaneous screening of the major Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, 3- and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, zearalenone, enniatins A, A1, B, and B1, and beauvericin) in wheat. The sample preparation protocol was based on a double extraction (methanol followed by acetonitrile/water mixture) and purification through solid-phase extraction C18 column. To provide insights for full exploitation of the potential of the double-stage high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, a full-scan acquisition event followed by a sequence of 5 fragmentation events (variable data-independent acquisition) was set for mycotoxin detection, the latter to be exploited for confirmatory purposes. Method analytical performances were evaluated through in-house validation and small-scale interlaboratory study, designed according to Commission Regulation 519/2014/EU, setting performance requirements for screening methods for mycotoxins. Screening target concentrations were close to European Union maximum permitted or indicative levels. The in-house validation provided the precision of the response under repeatability conditions and the intermediate precision (both resulting lower than 30%), the cutoff value, and the rate of false suspect results for negative (free of the mycotoxin of interest) samples, which resulted lower than 0.1% in all cases. The collaborative study provided reproducibility and laboratory independent cutoff values. Analysis of reference materials proved method trueness and suitability for screening of the major Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat. Finally, the applicability of the full-scan/variable data-independent acquisition detection approach was successfully tested on a set of naturally contaminated wheat samples, where 2 characteristic product ions could be detected for all identified mycotoxins even at levels in the low μg/kg range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Ciasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Suman
- Barilla SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Dante Catellani
- Barilla SpA, Advanced Laboratory Research, via Mantova 166, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Veronica M T Lattanzio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
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Jia W, Shi L, Chu X. Dissociation mechanisms-based UHPLC Q-Orbitrap strategy for screening of cephalosporins and metabolites in shrimp. Food Chem 2018; 250:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A Survey of Orbitrap All Ion Fragmentation Analysis Assessed by an R MetaboList Package to Study Small-Molecule Metabolites. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hernández F, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, de Voogt P, Emke E, Kasprzyk‐Hordern B, Ort C, Reid M, Sancho JV, Thomas KV, van Nuijs AL, Zuccato E, Bijlsma L. Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:258-280. [PMID: 27750373 PMCID: PMC6191649 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of illicit drugs in urban wastewater is the basis of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), and has received much scientific attention because the concentrations measured can be used as a new non-intrusive tool to provide evidence-based and real-time estimates of community-wide drug consumption. Moreover, WBE allows monitoring patterns and spatial and temporal trends of drug use. Although information and expertise from other disciplines is required to refine and effectively apply WBE, analytical chemistry is the fundamental driver in this field. The use of advanced analytical techniques, commonly based on combined chromatography-mass spectrometry, is mandatory because the very low analyte concentration and the complexity of samples (raw wastewater) make quantification and identification/confirmation of illicit drug biomarkers (IDBs) troublesome. We review the most-recent literature available (mostly from the last 5 years) on the determination of IDBs in wastewater with particular emphasis on the different analytical strategies applied. The predominance of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify target IDBs and the essence to produce reliable and comparable results is illustrated. Accordingly, the importance to perform inter-laboratory exercises and the need to analyze appropriate quality controls in each sample sequence is highlighted. Other crucial steps in WBE, such as sample collection and sample pre-treatment, are briefly and carefully discussed. The article further focuses on the potential of high-resolution mass spectrometry. Different approaches for target and non-target analysis are discussed, and the interest to perform experiments under laboratory-controlled conditions, as a complementary tool to investigate related compounds (e.g., minor metabolites and/or transformation products in wastewater) is treated. The article ends up with the trends and future perspectives in this field from the authors' point of view. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:258-280, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesIRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilanItaly
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological CenterUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Pim de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
- IBED—University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Emke
- KWR Watercycle Research InstituteNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
| | | | - Christoph Ort
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)DübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA)OsloNorway
| | - Juan V. Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
| | | | | | - Ettore Zuccato
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesIRCCS—Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilanItaly
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and WaterUniversity Jaume ICastellónSpain
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Target screening of 105 veterinary drug residues in milk using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap multiplexing data independent acquisition. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5373-5389. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Goon A, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Shinde R, Gaikwad S, Banerjee K. A simultaneous screening and quantitative method for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in spices using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution (Orbitrap) mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1532:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castro-Puyana M, Pérez-Míguez R, Montero L, Herrero M. Reprint of: Application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches for food safety, quality and traceability. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches for food safety, quality and traceability. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Regueiro J, Negreira N, Hannisdal R, Berntssen MH. Targeted approach for qualitative screening of pesticides in salmon feed by liquid chromatography coupled to traveling-wave ion mobility/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M. Practical application of in silico fragmentation based residue screening with ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1147-1157. [PMID: 28455852 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A screening concept for residues in complex matrices based on liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry LC/IMS-HRMS is presented. The comprehensive four-dimensional data (chromatographic retention time, drift time, mass-to-charge and ion abundance) obtained in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode was used for data mining. An in silico fragmenter utilizing a molecular structure database was used for suspect screening, instead of targeted screening with reference substances. METHODS The utilized data-independent acquisition mode relies on the MSE concept; where two constantly alternating HRMS scans (low and high fragmentation energy) are acquired. Peak deconvolution and drift time alignment of ions from the low (precursor ion) and high (product ion) energy scan result in relatively clean product ion spectra. A bond dissociation in silico fragmenter (MassFragment) supplied with mol files of compounds of interest was used to explain the observed product ions of each extracted candidate component (chromatographic peak). RESULTS Two complex matrices (fish and bovine liver extract) were fortified with 98 veterinary drugs. Out of 98 screened compounds 94 could be detected with the in silico based screening approach. The high correlation among drift time and m/z value of equally charged ions was utilized for an orthogonal filtration (ranking). Such an orthogonal ion mobility based filter removes multiply charged ions (e.g. peptides and proteins from the matrix) as well as noise and artefacts. Most significantly, this filtration dramatically reduces false positive findings but hardly increases false negative findings. CONCLUSIONS The proposed screening approach may offer new possibilities for applications where reference compounds are hardly or not at all commercially available. Such areas may be the analysis of metabolites of drugs, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, marine toxins, derivatives of sildenafil or novel designer drugs (new psychoactive substances). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kaufmann
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Butcher
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathry Maden
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Walker
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Widmer
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich, Fehrenstrasse 15, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
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