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Cao C, Yue S, Lu A, Liang C. Host-Gut Microbiota Metabolic Interactions and Their Role in Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107321. [PMID: 39038631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The critical role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers is becoming increasingly clear. Imbalances in the gut microbial community, referred to as dysbiosis, are linked to increased risks for various forms of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathogens like Fusobacterium and Helicobacter pylori relate to the onset of esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively, while microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clostridium species have been associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In colorectal cancer, bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum are known to stimulate the growth of tumor cells and trigger cancer-promoting pathways. On the other hand, beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria offer a protective effect, potentially inhibiting the development of gastrointestinal cancers. The potential for therapeutic interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome is substantial, including strategies to engineer anti-tumor metabolites and employ microbiota-based treatments. Despite the progress in understanding the influence of the microbiome on gastrointestinal cancers, significant challenges remain in identifying and understanding the precise contributions of specific microbial species and their metabolic products. This knowledge is essential for leveraging the role of the gut microbiome in the development of precise diagnostics and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Siran Yue
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou 510006, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100850, China.
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Wang X, Sun T, Fan J, Zuo X, Mao J. Gastrin-related circRNA_0017065 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer through the miR-3174/RBFOX2 axis. Biol Direct 2024; 19:75. [PMID: 39198845 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrin is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone that plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified gastrin-related circRNAs via high-throughput sequencing and selected circRNA_0017065 as the research focus. We further studied its specific role and molecular mechanism in the progression of CRC. Knockdown and overexpression of circRNA_0017065 were performed, and the biological function of circRNA_0017065 in CRC progression was studied via in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. The potential downstream target genes were subsequently identified via screening of databases and gene chip data. The expression of circRNA_0017065 in tumour tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that the proliferation and migration of CRC cells were significantly suppressed after circRNA_0017065 knockdown, while apoptosis was promoted. After overexpression of circRNA_0017065, the proliferation and migration of CRC cells were significantly promoted, while apoptosis was inhibited. Mechanistic studies revealed that circRNA_0017065 can act as a sponge for miR-3174 and promote CRC progression via the miR-3174/RBFOX2 axis. In general, gastrin-related circRNA_0017065 plays a key role in the occurrence and development of CRC and is expected to be a potential molecular target for the treatment of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huzhou Center Hospital, Affiliated Center Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Tianjiao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Jiapeng Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Xueliang Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
| | - Jiading Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Basic and Clinical Transformation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
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3
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Yin LL, Qi PQ, Hu YF, Fu XJ, He RS, Wang MM, Deng YJ, Xiong SY, Yu QW, Hu JP, Zhou L, Zhou ZB, Xiong Y, Deng H. Dysbiosis promotes recurrence of adenomatous polyps in the distal colorectum. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3600-3623. [PMID: 39171160 PMCID: PMC11334022 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i8.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps, which are characterized by a high recurrence rate, represent preneoplastic conditions of the intestine. Due to unclear mechanisms of pathogenesis, first-line therapies for non-hereditary recurrent colorectal polyps are limited to endoscopic resection. Although recent studies suggest a mechanistic link between intestinal dysbiosis and polyps, the exact compositions and roles of bacteria in the mucosa around the lesions, rather than feces, remain unsettled. AIM To clarify the composition and diversity of bacteria in the mucosa surrounding or 10 cm distal to recurrent intestinal polyps. METHODS Mucosal samples were collected from four patients consistently with adenomatous polyps (Ade), seven consistently with non-Ade (Pol), ten with current Pol but previous Ade, and six healthy individuals, and bacterial patterns were evaluated by 16S rDNA sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis and Student's t-tests were used to identify the genus-level bacteria differences between groups with different colorectal polyp phenotypes. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between intestinal bacteria at the genus level and clinical indicators. RESULTS The results confirmed a decreased level of probiotics and an enrichment of pathogenic bacteria in patients with all types of polyps compared to healthy individuals. These changes were not restricted to the mucosa within 0.5 cm adjacent to the polyps, but also existed in histologically normal tissue 10 cm distal from the lesions. Significant differences in bacterial diversity were observed in the mucosa from individuals with normal conditions, Pol, and Ade. Increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella, Plesiomonas, and Cronobacter, was observed in Pol group and Ade group, suggesting that resistance to antibiotics may be one risk factor for bacterium-related harmful environment. Meanwhile, age and gender were linked to bacteria changes, indicating the potential involvement of sex hormones. CONCLUSION These preliminary results support intestinal dysbiosis as an important risk factor for recurrent polyps, especially adenoma. Targeting specific pathogenic bacteria may attenuate the recurrence of polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Yin
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ping-Qian Qi
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Hu
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Fu
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Shan He
- The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Juan Deng
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Su-Yi Xiong
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi-Wen Yu
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Ping Hu
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lv Zhou
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhou
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of General Medicine, The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Deng
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Tumor Immunology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- The Ministry of Education Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
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Liu W, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Wu D, Li W, Fu Z, Yang L, Liang Y. Systematic bioinformatics analysis reveals the role of shikonin in blocking colon cancer progression by identifying senescence-induced genes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360587. [PMID: 39188951 PMCID: PMC11345165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone compound extracted from comfrey plants, has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Cell senescence plays a key role in preventing tumor progression. It is unclear whether shikonin has an effect on cell senescence in colon cancer. In the current study, we first determine the IC50 values of shikonin on colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116. Then, we verified the inhibitory effects of shikonin on the proliferation and migration abilities of colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and wound healing assays. Next, we identified a series of potential targets using high-throughput mRNA sequencing and identified 210 upregulated and 296 downregulated genes. KEGG profiling revealed eight downregulated genes associated with cell senescence: CCNB3, IL-1α, CXCL8, CDKN2A, MYC, IGFBP3, SQSTM1, and GADD45G. Among them, CXCL8 and CDKN2A were associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer, suggesting that their downregulation by shikonin could improve patient survival. Furthermore, SA-β-galactosidase staining revealed that the percentage of cellular senescence in colon cancer cells was significantly increased after shikonin treatment. Molecular docking revealed that shikonin suppressed colon cancer progression by blocking CXCL8 activity. Based on these findings, we deem that shikonin might induce senescence and exert antitumor activity in colon cancer cells by downregulating CDKN2A and CXCL8. This provides a new molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic target for shikonin to inhibit colon cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Liu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkai Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang QQ, Wu JD, Li XY, Fang FF, Li GP, Bai T, Song J. Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal sessile serrated lesions with or without dysplasia/carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dig Dis 2024. [PMID: 39104049 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) with dysplasia/carcinoma (SSLD/Cs) and SSLs without dysplasia in this systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant studies published up to August 28, 2023. The primary outcome was lesion size in SSLD/Cs and SSLs without dysplasia. The secondary outcomes included risk of dysplasia/carcinoma, morphology (classified based on the Paris classification), and lesion features such as mucus cap and nodules/protrusions in the two groups. RESULTS Thirteen studies with 14 381 patients were included. The proportion of SSLD/Cs ≥10 mm was significantly higher than that of SSLs without dysplasia (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-12.02, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the risk of dysplasia/carcinoma between the proximal (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57-1.14) and distal colon (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.88-1.77, p = 0.21). The 0-Ip (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.50-4.09) and 0-IIa + Is (OR 10.38, 95% CI 3.08-34.98) morphologies were more prevalent among SSLD/Cs, whereas the 0-IIa morphology (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.65) was more prevalent among SSLs without dysplasia (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, mucus cap (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.89, p = 0.01) was more common among SSLs without dysplasia, whereas nodules/protrusions (OR 7.80, 95% CI 3.07-19.85, p < 0.001) were more common in SSLD/Cs. CONCLUSION SSLs >10 mm, 0-Ip or 0-IIa + Is morphologies, and those with nodules/protrusions are significantly associated with dysplasia/carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Di Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Fei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gang Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Yang Q, Qu R, Lu S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fu W. Biological and Clinical Characteristics of Proximal Colon Cancer: Far from Its Anatomical Subsite. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1824-1839. [PMID: 39113889 PMCID: PMC11302569 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.97574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease which can be divided into proximal colon cancer, distal colon cancer and rectal cancer according to the anatomical location of the tumor. Each anatomical location of colorectal cancer exhibits distinct characteristics in terms of incidence, clinical manifestations, molecular phenotypes, treatment, and prognosis. Notably, proximal colon cancer differs significantly from cancers of other anatomical subsites. An increasing number of studies have highlighted the presence of unique tumor biological characteristics in proximal colon cancer. Gaining a deeper understanding of these characteristics will facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Siyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing China
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Wu Z, Huang Y, Zhang R, Zheng C, You F, Wang M, Xiao C, Li X. Sex differences in colorectal cancer: with a focus on sex hormone-gut microbiome axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38454453 PMCID: PMC10921775 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism has been observed in the incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), with men generally exhibiting a slightly higher incidence than women. Research suggests that this difference may be attributed to variations in sex steroid hormone levels and the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome in CRC shows variations in composition and function between the sexes, leading to the concept of 'microgenderome' and 'sex hormone-gut microbiome axis.' Conventional research indicates that estrogens, by promoting a more favorable gut microbiota, may reduce the risk of CRC. Conversely, androgens may have a direct pro-tumorigenic effect by increasing the proportion of opportunistic pathogens. The gut microbiota may also influence sex hormone levels by expressing specific enzymes or directly affecting gonadal function. However, this area remains controversial. This review aims to explore the differences in sex hormone in CRC incidence, the phenomenon of sexual dimorphism within the gut microbiome, and the intricate interplay of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis in CRC. The objective is to gain a better understanding of these interactions and their potential clinical implications, as well as to introduce innovative approaches to CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xueke Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Xie W, Zhong YS, Li XJ, Kang YK, Peng QY, Ying HZ. Postbiotics in colorectal cancer: intervention mechanisms and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360225. [PMID: 38450163 PMCID: PMC10914944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy affecting the gastrointestinal tract worldwide. The etiology and progression of CRC are related to factors such as environmental influences, dietary structure, and genetic susceptibility. Intestinal microbiota can influence the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulate intestinal immunity by secreting various metabolites. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota can affect the metabolites of the microbial, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites, which can trigger chronic inflammation or DNA damage and ultimately lead to cellular carcinogenesis and the development of CRC. Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components that are beneficial to the health of the host, with the main components including bacterial components (e.g., exopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, surface layer protein) and metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolite, bile acids, vitamins and enzymes). Compared with traditional probiotics, it has a more stable chemical structure and higher safety. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that postbiotics are involved in regulating intestinal microecology and improving the progression of CRC, which provides new ideas for the prevention and diagnosis of CRC. In this article, we review the changes in intestinal microbiota in different states of the gut and the mechanisms of anti-tumor activity of postbiotic-related components, and discuss the potential significance of postbiotics in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. This reviews the changes and pathogenesis of intestinal microbiota in the development of CRC, and summarizes the relevant mechanisms of postbiotics in resisting the development of CRC in recent years, as well as the advantages and limitations of postbiotics in the treatment process of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Berbecka M, Berbecki M, Gliwa AM, Szewc M, Sitarz R. Managing Colorectal Cancer from Ethology to Interdisciplinary Treatment: The Gains and Challenges of Modern Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2032. [PMID: 38396715 PMCID: PMC10889298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, which has become a serious threat to human health worldwide. This article exhaustively reviews colorectal cancer's incidence and relevance, carcinogenesis molecular pathways, up-to-date treatment opportunities, prophylaxis, and screening program achievements, with attention paid to its regional variations and changes over time. This paper provides a concise overview of known CRC risk factors, including familial, hereditary, and environmental lifestyle-related risk factors. The authors take a closer look into CRC's molecular genetic pathways and the role of specific enzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Moreover, the role of the general practitioner and multidisciplinary approach in CRC treatment is summarized and highlighted based on recent recommendations and experience. This article gives a clear understanding and review of the gains and challenges of modern medicine towards CRC. The authors believe that understanding the current patterns of CRC and its revolution is imperative to the prospects of reducing its burden through cancer prevention and cancer-adjusted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Berbecka
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Maciej Berbecki
- General Surgery Ward, Independent Health Center in Kraśnik, 23-200 Kraśnik, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Gliwa
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Monika Szewc
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Robert Sitarz
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.G.)
- I Department of Surgical Oncology, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region, St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Ruiz-Saavedra S, Arboleya S, Nogacka AM, González del Rey C, Suárez A, Diaz Y, Gueimonde M, Salazar N, González S, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG. Commensal Fecal Microbiota Profiles Associated with Initial Stages of Intestinal Mucosa Damage: A Pilot Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 38201530 PMCID: PMC10778549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive intestinal mucosal damage occurs over years prior to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The endoscopic screening of polyps and histopathological examination are used clinically to determine the risk and progression of mucosal lesions. We analyzed fecal microbiota compositions using 16S rRNA gene-based metataxonomic analyses and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using gas chromatography in volunteers undergoing colonoscopy and histopathological analyses to determine the microbiota shifts occurring at the early stages of intestinal mucosa alterations. The results were compared between diagnosis groups (nonpathological controls and polyps), between samples from individuals with hyperplastic polyps or conventional adenomas, and between grades of dysplasia in conventional adenomas. Some microbial taxa from the Bacillota and Euryarchaeota phyla were the most affected when comparing the diagnosis and histopathological groups. Deeper microbiota alterations were found in the conventional adenomas than in the hyperplastic polyps. The Ruminococcus torques group was enriched in both the hyperplastic polyps and conventional adenomas, whereas the family Eggerthellaceae was enriched only in the hyperplastic polyps. The abundance of Prevotellaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Methanobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Clostridiaceae shifted in conventional adenomas depending on the grade of dysplasia, without affecting the major SCFAs. Our results suggest a reorganization of microbial consortia involved in gut fermentative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Alicja M. Nogacka
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Carmen González del Rey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Adolfo Suárez
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Digestive Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ylenia Diaz
- Digestive Service, Carmen and Severo Ochoa Hospital, 33819 Cangas del Narcea, Spain;
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Nuria Salazar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Sonia González
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (S.R.-S.); (S.A.); (A.M.N.); (M.G.); (N.S.)
- Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
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11
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Bowen MB, Helmink BA, Wargo JA, Yates MS. TIME for Bugs: The Immune Microenvironment and Microbes in Precancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:497-505. [PMID: 37428011 PMCID: PMC10542944 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in established cancer have been made, including the influence of host-intrinsic (host genomics) and -extrinsic factors (such as diet and the microbiome) on treatment response. Nonetheless, the immune and microbiome milieu across the spectrum of precancerous tissue and early neoplasia is a growing area of interest. There are emerging data describing the contribution of the immune microenvironment and microbiota on benign and premalignant tissues, with opportunities to target these factors in cancer prevention and interception. Throughout this review, we provide rationale for not only the critical need to further elucidate the premalignant immune microenvironment, but also for the utility of pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions to alter the immune microenvironment of early lesions to reverse carcinogenesis. Novel research methodologies, such as implementing spatial transcriptomics and proteomics, in combination with innovative sampling methods will advance precision targeting of the premalignant immune microenvironment. Additional studies defining the continuum of immune and microbiome evolution, which emerges in parallel with tumor development, will provide novel opportunities for cancer interception at the earliest steps in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Borthwick Bowen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Beth A Helmink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Melinda S Yates
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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12
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Pang Y, Chen X, Xu B, Zhang Y, Liang S, Hu J, Liu R, Luo X, Wang Y. Engineered multitargeting exosomes carrying miR-323a-3p for CRC therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125794. [PMID: 37442504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is in the forefront of malignancies for its high incidence and mortality. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used effective drugs for the treatment of CRC. However, there is an urgent need in reducing its systemic side effects and chemoresistance, in order to make 5-FU-based chemotherapy more effective in the treatment of CRC. In this study, engineered CRC cells were established to overexpress miR-323a-3p, which was a tumor suppressor that targeted both EGFR and TYMS. Then miR-323a-3p-loaded exosomes (miR-Exo) were obtained with suitable methods of collection and purification. We found that miR-Exo significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by the way of targeting EGFR directly in the cells, which eventually led to desirable tumor regression in the cell derived xenograft (CDX) and patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumor mice models. Moreover, we discovered that miR-323a-3p released from miR-Exo directly inhibited the upregulation of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) induced by 5-FU-resistence in CRC cells, resulting in the revival of tumor cytotoxicity from 5-FU. MiR-Exo could effectively induce the CRC cell apoptosis by targeting EGFR and TYMS, and enhance the therapeutic effects of 5-FU on CRC. Our work demonstrates the potency of miR-Exo for advanced CRC biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiying Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China
| | - Yuanzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunshun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, China.
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13
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Qu R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Tumorigenesis or Development of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205563. [PMID: 37263983 PMCID: PMC10427379 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity rates. Gut microbiota is found in the intestines, especially the colorectum, and has structured crosstalk interactions with the host that affect several physiological processes. The gut microbiota include CRC-promoting bacterial species, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and CRC-protecting bacterial species, such as Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, which along with other microorganisms, such as viruses and fungi, play critical roles in the development of CRC. Different bacterial features are identified in patients with early-onset CRC, combined with different patterns between fecal and intratumoral microbiota. The gut microbiota may be beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC; some bacteria may serve as biomarkers while others as regulators of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota play essential roles in the crosstalk with CRC cells. Harmful metabolites include some primary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, whereas others, including ursodeoxycholic acid and butyrate, are beneficial and impede tumor development and progression. This review focuses on the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and their potential roles in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health and Fertility PromotionPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Center of Basic Medical ResearchInstitute of Medical Innovation and ResearchThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
- Department of Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University)Ministry of EducationBeijing100191P. R. China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease ResearchSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General SurgeryPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
- Cancer CenterPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191P. R. China
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14
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Mouradov D, Greenfield P, Li S, In EJ, Storey C, Sakthianandeswaren A, Georgeson P, Buchanan DD, Ward RL, Hawkins NJ, Skinner I, Jones IT, Gibbs P, Ma C, Liew YJ, Fung KYC, Sieber OM. Oncomicrobial Community Profiling Identifies Clinicomolecular and Prognostic Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:104-120. [PMID: 36933623 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, microbiota-based stratification of CRC tissue and how this relates to clinicomolecular characteristics and prognosis remains to be clarified. METHODS Tumor and normal mucosa from 423 patients with stage I to IV CRC were profiled by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Tumors were characterized for microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), APC, BRAF, KRAS, PIK3CA, FBXW7, SMAD4, and TP53 mutations, subsets for chromosome instability (CIN), mutation signatures, and consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Microbial clusters were validated in an independent cohort of 293 stage II/III tumors. RESULTS Tumors reproducibly stratified into 3 oncomicrobial community subtypes (OCSs) with distinguishing features: OCS1 (Fusobacterium/oral pathogens, proteolytic, 21%), right-sided, high-grade, MSI-high, CIMP-positive, CMS1, BRAF V600E, and FBXW7 mutated; OCS2 (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, saccharolytic, 44%), and OCS3 (Escherichia/Pseudescherichia/Shigella, fatty acid β-oxidation, 35%) both left-sided and exhibiting CIN. OCS1 was associated with MSI-related mutation signatures (SBS15, SBS20, ID2, and ID7) and OCS2 and OCS3 with SBS18 related to damage by reactive oxygen species. Among stage II/III patients, OCS1 and OCS3 both had poorer overall survival compared with OCS2 for microsatellite stable tumors (multivariate hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-2.99; P = .012; and HR, 1.52; 95% CI 1.01-2.29; P = .044, respectively) and left-sided tumors (multivariate HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.45-4.86; P = .002; and HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-3.02; P = .039, respectively). CONCLUSIONS OCS classification stratified CRCs into 3 distinct subgroups with different clinicomolecular features and outcomes. Our findings provide a framework for a microbiota-based stratification of CRC to refine prognostication and to inform the development of microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Greenfield
- Energy Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Lindfield, New South Wales, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shan Li
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eun-Jung In
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Storey
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Center for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Center for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Ward
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Hawkins
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iain Skinner
- Department of Surgery, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian T Jones
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenkai Ma
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Jin Liew
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kim Y C Fung
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Song J, Chen Y, Yu H, Zheng L, Wang Y, Li D. Proline-rich acidic protein 1 upregulates mitotic arrest deficient 1 to promote cisplatin-resistance of colorectal carcinoma by restraining mitotic checkpoint complex assembly. J Cancer 2023; 14:1515-1530. [PMID: 37325046 PMCID: PMC10266255 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanism underlying cisplatin resistance in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has not yet been elucidated. This study is aimed to illustrate the indispensable role of proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) in cisplatin-resistant CRC. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were monitored using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence and morphological analysis were used to determine mitotic arrest in cells. In vivo drug resistance was evaluated using a tumor xenograft assay. Results: PRAP1 was highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant CRC. PRAP1-upregulation in HCT-116 cells increased chemoresistance to cisplatin, whereas RNAi-mediated knockdown of PRAP1 sensitized cisplatin-resistant HCT-116 cells (HCT-116/DDP) to cisplatin. PRAP1-upregulation in HCT-116 cells hindered mitotic arrest and the formation of mitotic checkpoint complexes (MCC), followed by an increase in multidrug-resistant proteins such as p-glycoprotein 1 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, while PRAP1-knockdown in HCT-116/DDP cells partly restored colcemid-induced mitotic arrest and MCC assembly, resulting in decreased multidrug-resistant protein levels. PRAP1 downregulation-mediated sensitization to cisplatin in HCT-116/DDP cells was abolished by the inhibition of mitotic kinase activity by limiting MCC assembly. Additionally, PRAP1-upregulation increased cisplatin-resistance in CRC in vivo. Mechanistically, PRAP1 increased the expression of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), that competitively binds to mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) in cisplatin-resistant CRC cells, leading to failed assembly of MCC and subsequent chemotherapy resistance. Conclusion: PRAP1-overexpression caused cisplatin resistance in CRC. Possibly, PRAP1 induced an increase in MAD1, which competitively interacted with MAD2 and subsequently restrained the formation of MCC, resulting in CRC cells escape from the supervision of MCC and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Medical University, FuzhouCity 350000, Fujian Province, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yigui Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of pharmacy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, No. 420, Fuma Rd., Jin'an District, Fuzhou City 350014, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Digestive System Tumors and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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16
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Li P, Chen J, Chen Y, Song S, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Y, Tong Y, Xie Y, Li J, Li S, Wang J, Qian K, Wang C, Du L. Construction of Exosome SORL1 Detection Platform Based on 3D Porous Microfluidic Chip and its Application in Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207381. [PMID: 36799198 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising new biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis, due to their rich biological fingerprints and high level of stability. However, the accurate detection of exosomes with specific surface receptors is limited to clinical application. Herein, an exosome enrichment platform on a 3D porous sponge microfluidic chip is constructed and the exosome capture efficiency of this chip is ≈90%. Also, deep mass spectrometry analysis followed by multi-level expression screenings revealed a CRC-specific exosome membrane protein (SORL1). A method of SORL1 detection by specific quantum dot labeling is further designed and the ensemble classification system is established by extracting features from 64-patched fluorescence images. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) using this system is 0.99, which is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that using a conventional biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), AUC of 0.71). The above system showed similar diagnostic performance, dealing with early-stage CRC, young CRC, and CEA-negative CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Jiaci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shangling Song
- Department of medical engineering equipment, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250300, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shunxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Country Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Robotics and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
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17
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Yin L, Liu P, Zhu L, Gao H. Sertaconazole nitrate targets IDO1 and regulates the MAPK signaling pathway to induce autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175515. [PMID: 36669614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most frequently occurring malignant tumor worldwide. It is vital to identify novel, effective targeted treatments while considering side effects and drug resistance in the clinic. Recently, the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indole-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been widely reported to be overexpressed in CRC, indicating that blocking IDO1 with small-molecule inhibitors may be a promising approach to CRC treatment. In this study, the antifungal drug sertaconazole nitrate (STZ) was repurposed and showed antitumor activity, and therefore, its anticancer effect was further investigated in CRC cells. The SwissTargetPrediction analysis indicated that STZ binding to IDO1 was significantly and highly probable, and STZ was found to downregulate IDO1 in CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. STZ exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 and RKO cells. Moreover, based on an RNA-seq analysis, STZ was shown to regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We discovered that STZ suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 nude mouse xenograft tumor model without causing evident cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results reveal that STZ induces antitumor effects in CRC by inhibiting IDO1-modulated autophagy and apoptosis, providing a clue for repurposing STZ as a novel and potentially effective candidate medication for the future treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Valciukiene J, Strupas K, Poskus T. Tissue vs. Fecal-Derived Bacterial Dysbiosis in Precancerous Colorectal Lesions: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051602. [PMID: 36900392 PMCID: PMC10000868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiota play a pivotal role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. However, there is still a notable lack of the correct implementation of tissue and fecal sampling in the setting of human gut microbiota examination. This study aimed to review the literature and to consolidate the current evidence on the use of mucosa and a stool-based matrix investigating human gut microbiota changes in precancerous colorectal lesions. A systematic review of papers from 2012 until November 2022 published on the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted. The majority of the included studies have significantly associated gut microbial dysbiosis with premalignant polyps in the colorectum. Although methodological differences hampered the precise fecal and tissue-derived dysbiosis comparison, the analysis revealed several common characteristics in stool-based and fecal-derived gut microbiota structures in patients with colorectal polyps: simple or advanced adenomas, serrated lesions, and carcinomas in situ. The mucosal samples considered were more relevant for the evaluation of microbiota's pathophysiological involvement in CR carcinogenesis, while non-invasive stool sampling could be beneficial for early CRC detection strategies in the future. Further studies are required to identify and validate mucosa-associated and luminal colorectal microbial patterns and their role in CRC carcinogenesis, as well as in the clinical setting of human microbiota studies.
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Colon Cancer Microbiome Landscaping: Differences in Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer and a Tumor Microbiome-Ileal Microbiome Association. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043265. [PMID: 36834671 PMCID: PMC9963782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current era of precision oncology, it is widely acknowledged that CRC is a heterogeneous disease entity. Tumor location (right- or left-sided colon cancer or rectal cancer) is a crucial factor in determining disease progression as well as prognosis and influences disease management. In the last decade, numerous works have reported that the microbiome is an important element of CRC carcinogenesis, progression and therapy response. Owing to the heterogeneous nature of microbiomes, the findings of these studies were inconsistent. The majority of the studies combined colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) samples as CRC for analysis. Furthermore, the small intestine, as the major site for immune surveillance in the gut, is understudied compared to the colon. Thus, the CRC heterogeneity puzzle is far from being solved, and more research is necessary for prospective trials that separately investigate CC and RC. Our prospective study aimed to map the colon cancer landscape using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in biopsy samples from the terminal ileum, healthy colon tissue, healthy rectal tissue and tumor tissue as well as in preoperative and postoperative stool samples of 41 patients. While fecal samples provide a good approximation of the average gut microbiome composition, mucosal biopsies allow for detecting subtle variations in local microbial communities. In particular, the small bowel microbiome has remained poorly characterized, mainly because of sampling difficulties. Our analysis revealed the following: (i) right- and left-sided colon cancers harbor distinct and diverse microbiomes, (ii) the tumor microbiome leads to a more consistent cancer-defined microbiome between locations and reveals a tumor microbiome-ileal microbiome association, (iii) the stool only partly reflects the microbiome landscape in patients with CC, and (iv) mechanical bowel preparation and perioperative antibiotics together with surgery result in major changes in the stool microbiome, characterized by a significant increase in the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterococcus. Collectively, our results provide new and valuable insights into the complex microbiome landscape in patients with colon cancer.
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Yinhang W, Jing Z, Jie Z, Yin J, Xinyue W, Yifei S, Zhiqing F, Wei W, Shuwen H. Prediction model of colorectal cancer (CRC) lymph node metastasis based on intestinal bacteria. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:1661-1672. [PMID: 36633831 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis is the main metastatic mode of CRC. Lymph node metastasis affects patient prognosis. OBJECTIVE To screen differential intestinal bacteria for CRC lymph node metastasis and construct a prediction model. METHODS First, fecal samples of 119 CRC patients with lymph node metastasis and 110 CRC patients without lymph node metastasis were included for the detection of intestinal bacterial 16S rRNA. Then, bioinformatics analysis of the sequencing data was performed. Community structure and composition analysis, difference analysis, and intragroup and intergroup correlation analysis were conducted between the two groups. Finally, six machine learning models were used to construct a prediction model for CRC lymph node metastasis. RESULTS The community richness and the community diversity at the genus level of the two groups were basically consistent. A total of 12 differential bacteria (Agathobacter, Catenibacterium, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004, etc.) were screened at the genus level. Differential bacteria, such as Agathobacter, Catenibacterium, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, were more associated with no lymph node metastasis in CRC. In the discovery set, the RF model had the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 1.00, 98.89% correct, specificity = 55.21%, sensitivity = 55.95%). In the test set, SVM model had the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.73, 72.92% correct, specificity = 69.23%, sensitivity = 88.89%). Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group was the most important variable in the RF model. Lachnospiraceae_UCG - 004 was the most important variable in the SVM model. CONCLUSION CRC lymph node metastasis is closely related to intestinal bacteria. The prediction model based on intestinal bacteria can provide a new evaluation method for CRC lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yinhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhou Jie
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jin Yin
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Song Yifei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Zhiqing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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21
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Zhong X, Wang Y, Xu J, Cao H, Zhang F, Wang X. Gut microbiota signatures in tissues of the colorectal polyp and normal colorectal mucosa, and faeces. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1054808. [PMID: 36704106 PMCID: PMC9871776 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1054808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal polyps are the most common precursors of colorectal cancer (CRC). The close relationship has been observed between colorectal polyps and gut microbiota. However, gut microbiota signatures among sampling sites in patients with colorectal polyps and healthy adults remain elusive. Aims To learn about gut microbiota signatures in tissues of the colorectal polyp and normal colorectal mucosa, and faeces. Methods We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis for the microbiota in the normal colorectal mucosa, the colorectal polyps and faeces of adults with colorectal polyps (n = 24) and in faeces and normal mucosa of healthy adults (n = 16) in this preliminary trial. Results The Ace and Chao indexes were higher in the normal colorectal mucosa and polyp tissues compared to faecal samples (P < 0.05). The composition of microbiota based on PCoA and ANOSIM analysis showed the significant differences only between faeces and tissues of the normal mucosa and polyp (P < 0.05). Based on the LEfSe analysis, the abundances of Bacteroides, Prevotella-2 and Agathobacter were higher, whereas the abundances of Haemophilus, Escherichia_Shigella, Fusobacterium and Streptococcus were lower in faeces both in patients with colorectal polyp and healthy individuals, compared with those in the normal mucosa in two groups or polyp tissues. In healthy individuals, the abundance of Fusobacterium was significantly higher in the normal colorectal mucosa than in faeces. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the abundance of Fusobacterium between the normal colorectal mucosa and polyps in patients with colorectal polyps, but it was significantly higher in the mucosa and polyps than in faeces. Remarkably, the abundance of Fusobacterium in the normal colorectal mucosa was significantly higher in healthy individuals than in the polyp group. Conclusions The microbial structure in faeces differs from that in tissues of polyp and normal mucusa. Additionally, Fusobacterium may be a normal colonizer in colonic mucosa, and an abnormal increase of Fusobacterium detected in faeces may be related with the injury of the colorectal mucosa. The difference of the faecal microbiota and mucosal microbiota should be carefully considered in studies on gut microbiota in patients with colorectal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of West Anhui Health Vocational College, Liuan, China
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Feng Zhang, ; Xuesong Wang,
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Feng Zhang, ; Xuesong Wang,
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22
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Wang Y, Xu S, He Q, Sun K, Wang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Zeng J. Crosstalk between microbial biofilms in the gastrointestinal tract and chronic mucosa diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1151552. [PMID: 37125198 PMCID: PMC10133492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the largest reservoir of microbiota in the human body; however, it is still challenging to estimate the distribution and life patterns of microbes. Biofilm, as the predominant form in the microbial ecosystem, serves ideally to connect intestinal flora, molecules, and host mucosa cells. It gives bacteria the capacity to inhabit ecological niches, communicate with host cells, and withstand environmental stresses. This study intends to evaluate the connection between GI tract biofilms and chronic mucosa diseases such as chronic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. In each disease, we summarize the representative biofilm makers including Helicobacter pylori, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We address biofilm's role in causing inflammation and the pro-carcinogenic stage in addition to discussing the typical resistance, persistence, and recurrence mechanisms seen in vitro. Biofilms may serve as a new biomarker for endoscopic and pathologic detection of gastrointestinal disease and suppression, which may be a useful addition to the present therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixi Xu
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiurong He
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuqing Li,
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Jumei Zeng,
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Tang X, Wang L, Wang D, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhu Z, Weng Y, Tao G, Wang Q, Tang L, Yan F, Wang Y. Maggot extracts chemo-prevent inflammation and tumorigenesis accompanied by changes in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome in AOM/DSS-induced mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1143463. [PMID: 37200915 PMCID: PMC10185807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1143463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses and intestinal microbiome play a crucial role in the progression of colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC). The traditional Chinese medicine maggot has been widely known owing to its clinical application and anti-inflammatory function. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of maggot extract (ME) by intragastric administration prior to azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CAC in mice. The results showed that ME had superior advantages in ameliorating disease activity index score and inflammatory phenotype, in comparison with the AOM/DSS group. The number and size of polypoid colonic tumors were decreased after pre-administration of ME. In addition, ME was found to reverse the downregulation of tight junction proteins (zonula occluden-1 and occluding) while suppressing the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6) in models. Moreover, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediated intracellular nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-containing signaling cascades, including inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and exhibited decreasing expression in the mice model after ME pre-administration. 16s rRNA analysis and untargeted-metabolomics profiling of fecal samples inferred that ME revealed ideal prevention of intestinal dysbiosis in CAC mice, accompanied by and correlated with alterations in the composition of metabolites. Overall, ME pre-administration might be a chemo-preventive candidate in the initiation and development of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Daojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaojian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Yan
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China
- Yong Wang
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Li J, Xu J, Zheng S, Cheng S. LncRNA LINC02535 Induces Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Progression via Modulating miR-30d-5p/CHD1. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00628-4. [PMID: 36577835 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs play a significant role in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. LncRNA LINC02535 was a potential novel lncRNA marker of neoplastic processes of the colon. Nevertheless, the function and mechanisms of LINC02535 in colorectal adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Proteins levels were measured by western blotting. EdU, CCK-8, Transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the function of LINC02535 in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The distribution of LINC02535 in cells was evaluated by subcellular fractionation assay. The interaction among RNAs was identified by luciferase reporter and RIP assays. In this study, our findings revealed that LINC02535 was highly expressed in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Knockdown of LINC02535 inhibited colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, LINC02535 bound with miR-30d-5p and worked as a competing endogenous RNA to facilitate the expression of messenger RNA chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1). miR-30d-5p directly targeted the sequence of CHD1 3'-untranslated region. Notably, CHD1 upregulation abolished the suppressive influence of LINC02535 inhibition on the malignant phenotypes of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Overall, it was disclosed that LINC02535 played an oncogenic role in colorectal adenocarcinoma progression by sponging miR-30d-5p to upregulate CHD1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Sen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China.
| | - Si Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xian'an District, No. 228, Jingui Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, China.
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25
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Qi Z, Zhibo Z, Jing Z, Zhanbo Q, Shugao H, Weili J, Jiang L, Shuwen H. Prediction model of poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) based on gut bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:312. [PMID: 36539710 PMCID: PMC9764708 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of colorectal cancer is high, the malignant degree of poorly differentiated colorectal cancer is high, and the prognosis is poor. OBJECTIVE To screen the characteristic intestinal microbiota of poorly differentiated intestinal cancer. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 124 patients with moderately differentiated CRC and 123 patients with poorly differentiated CRC, and the bacterial 16S rRNA V1-V4 region of the fecal samples was sequenced. Alpha diversity analysis was performed on fecal samples to assess the diversity and abundance of flora. The RDP classifier Bayesian algorithm was used to analyze the community structure. Linear discriminant analysis and Student's t test were used to screen the differences in flora. The PICRUSt1 method was used to predict the bacterial function, and six machine learning models, including logistic regression, random forest, neural network, support vector machine, CatBoost and gradient boosting decision tree, were used to construct a prediction model for the poor differentiation of colorectal cancer. RESULTS There was no significant difference in fecal flora alpha diversity between moderately and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (P > 0.05). The bacteria that accounted for a large proportion of patients with poorly differentiated and moderately differentiated colorectal cancer were Blautia, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides. At the genus level, there were nine bacteria with high abundance in the poorly differentiated group, including Bifidobacterium, norank_f__Oscillospiraceae, Eisenbergiella, etc. There were six bacteria with high abundance in the moderately differentiated group, including Megamonas, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Actinomyces, etc. The RF model had the highest prediction accuracy (100.00% correct). The bacteria that had the greatest variable importance in the model were Pseudoramibacter, Megamonas and Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSION The degree of pathological differentiation of colorectal cancer was related to gut flora, and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer had some different bacterial flora, and intestinal bacteria can be used as biomarkers for predicting poorly differentiated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qi
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo Zhibo
- grid.459505.80000 0004 4669 7165First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qu Zhanbo
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Shugao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XSecond Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Weili
- Nanxun District People’s Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiang
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Shuwen
- grid.413679.e0000 0004 0517 0981Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000 People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Romanov VA, Karasev IA, Klimenko NS, Koshechkin SI, Tyakht AV, Malikhova OA. Luminal and Tumor-Associated Gut Microbiome Features Linked to Precancerous Lesions Malignancy Risk: A Compositional Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5207. [PMID: 36358626 PMCID: PMC9653741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Human gut microbiome plays important roles in protecting against it, as well as contributing to its onset and progression. Identification of specific bacterial taxa associated with early stages of colorectal cancer may help develop effective microbiome-based diagnostics. For precancerous lesions, links of their characteristics to luminal and tumor-associated microbiome composition are to be elucidated. Paired stool and tumor brush biopsy samples were collected from 50 patients with precancerous lesions and early forms of colon cancer; their microbial communities were profiled using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. We showed that the microbiome differences between stool and biopsy samples can be to a high extent computationally corrected. Compositionality-aware statistical analysis of microbiome composition revealed its associations with the number of lesions, lesion type, location and malignization pathway. A major determinant of precancerous lesions malignancy risk-the number of lesions-was positively associated with the abundance of H2S-producing taxa. Our results contribute to the basis for developing early non-invasive colorectal cancer diagnostics via identifying microorganisms likely participating in early stages of cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Romanov
- Atlas Biomed Group—Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
| | - Ivan A. Karasev
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S. Klimenko
- Atlas Biomed Group—Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav I. Koshechkin
- Atlas Biomed Group—Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
| | - Alexander V. Tyakht
- Atlas Biomed Group—Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Malikhova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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Zhang R, Yin J, Huo C, Li X, Ye J, Zhao W, Zhou L, Ye L. The Relationship Between Colorectal Polyps and Serum Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:654-667. [PMID: 35152239 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal polyp has been considered as the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, to which serum lipid levels are closely related. At present, there is no consensus on the relationship between colorectal polyps and serum lipid levels. We performed a meta-analysis to explore the effects of lipid levels on colorectal polyps. Relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. The mean value and SD of serum lipid indexes and body mass index in colorectal polyps groups and control groups were extracted from the included articles. Combined weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect size of serum lipid levels on colorectal polyps. The publication bias of the included studies were assessed based on the Egger test. Thirty-seven articles containing 19,464 cases and 63,979 controls were included. There were no significant publication bias. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the cases were lower than those in the controls (WMD: -2.589 mg/dL, 95% CI: -3.273, -1.906). While the levels of triglyceride (WMD: 16.933 mg/dL, 95% CI: 13.131, 20.736), total cholesterol (WMD: 5.561 mg/dL, 95% CI: 3.477, 7.645), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: 3.109 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.859, 5.359) and body mass index (WMD: 0.747 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.588, 0.906) were higher in the cases. Colorectal polyps were associated with serum lipid levels and obesity. Hyperlipidemia and obesity may be the risk factors for colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Distinct colon mucosa microbiomes associated with tubular adenomas and serrated polyps. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:69. [PMID: 36038569 PMCID: PMC9424272 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most deadly and third most common cancer in the world. Its development is heterogenous, with multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Two distinct mechanisms include the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and the serrated pathway. The gut microbiome has been identified as a key player in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, but its role in serrated carcinogenesis is less clear. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiome of 140 polyp-free and polyp-bearing individuals using colon mucosa and fecal samples to determine if microbiome composition was associated with each of the two key pathways. We discovered significant differences between the microbiomes of colon mucosa and fecal samples, with sample type explaining 10–15% of the variation observed in the microbiome. Multiple mucosal brushings were collected from each individual to investigate whether the gut microbiome differed between polyp and healthy intestinal tissue, but no differences were found. Mucosal aspirate sampling revealed that the microbiomes of individuals with tubular adenomas and serrated polyps were significantly different from each other and polyp-free individuals, explaining 1–4% of the variance in the microbiome. Microbiome composition also enabled the accurate prediction of subject polyp types using Random Forest, which produced an area under curve values of 0.87–0.99. By directly sampling the colon mucosa and distinguishing between the different developmental pathways of colorectal cancer, our study helps characterize potential mechanistic targets for serrated carcinogenesis. This research also provides insight into multiple microbiome sampling strategies by assessing each method’s practicality and effect on microbial community composition.
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Loktionov A. Colon mucus in colorectal neoplasia and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4475-4492. [PMID: 36157924 PMCID: PMC9476883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little was known about mammalian colon mucus (CM) until the beginning of the 21st century. Since that time considerable progress has been made in basic research addressing CM structure and functions. Human CM is formed by two distinct layers composed of gel-forming glycosylated mucins that are permanently secreted by goblet cells of the colonic epithelium. The inner layer is dense and impenetrable for bacteria, whereas the loose outer layer provides a habitat for abundant commensal microbiota. Mucus barrier integrity is essential for preventing bacterial contact with the mucosal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis in the gut, but it can be impaired by a variety of factors, including CM-damaging switch of commensal bacteria to mucin glycan consumption due to dietary fiber deficiency. It is proven that impairments in CM structure and function can lead to colonic barrier deterioration that opens direct bacterial access to the epithelium. Bacteria-induced damage dysregulates epithelial proliferation and causes mucosal inflammatory responses that may expand to the loosened CM and eventually result in severe disorders, including colitis and neoplastic growth. Recently described formation of bacterial biofilms within the inner CM layer was shown to be associated with both inflammation and cancer. Although obvious gaps in our knowledge of human CM remain, its importance for the pathogenesis of major colorectal diseases, comprising inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, is already recognized. Continuing progress in CM exploration is likely to result in the development of a range of new useful clinical applications addressing colorectal disease diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
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Kamali Dolatabadi R, Fazeli H, Emami MH, Karbasizade V, Maghool F, Fahim A, Rahimi H. Phenotypicand Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Isolates of Intracellular Adherent–Invasive Escherichia coli Among Different Stages, Family History, and Treated Colorectal Cancer Patients in Iran. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938477. [PMID: 35899040 PMCID: PMC9309365 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that microbial dysbiosis impacts the health and cancer risk of the host. An association between adherent–invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been revealed. Cyclomodulins (CMs) have been receiving increasing attention for carcinogenic changes. In this study, the incidence and features of intracellular AIEC and cyclomodulin-encoding genes were investigated and the phylogenetic grouping and genetic relatedness were evaluated. E. coli strains were isolated from the colorectal biopsies. Adhesion and invasion assays and intramacrophage cell survival test were performed to separate the AIEC isolates. Virulence genotyping for the genes htrA, dsbA, chuA, and lpfA and the cyclomodulin toxins was also conducted. In addition, phylogenetic grouping of the isolates was determined. Subsequently, repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting was performed. A total of 24 AIEC pathovars were isolated from 150 patients. The prevalence rates of htr, dsbA, and lpfA were 70.83% and that of chuA was 91.66%. The frequencies of the cyclomodulin toxins were as follows: cnf1, 29.2%; cnf2, 25%; colibactin, 29.2%; and cdt, 4.2%; cif was not found. Among the AIEC isolates, 4.2%, 4.2%, 54.2%, 29.2%, and 8.3% with phylotypes A or C, B1, B2, D, and E were identified, respectively. Left-sided colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma T≥1 stage (CRC2) were colonized by B2 phylogroup AIEC-producing CMs more often than the samples from the other groups. Close genetic relatedness was observed in AIEC isolates with rep-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Fazeli,
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Karbasizade
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojatollah Rahimi
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ahmad S, Ashktorab H, Brim H, Housseau F. Inflammation, microbiome and colorectal cancer disparity in African-Americans: Are there bugs in the genetics? World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2782-2801. [PMID: 35978869 PMCID: PMC9280725 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated interactions between host inflammation and gut microbiota over the course of life increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). While environmental factors and socio-economic realities of race remain predominant contributors to CRC disparities in African-Americans (AAs), this review focuses on the biological mediators of CRC disparity, namely the under-appreciated influence of inherited ancestral genetic regulation on mucosal innate immunity and its interaction with the microbiome. There remains a poor understanding of mechanisms linking immune-related genetic polymorphisms and microbiome diversity that could influence chronic inflammation and exacerbate CRC disparities in AAs. A better understanding of the relationship between host genetics, bacteria, and CRC pathogenesis will improve the prediction of cancer risk across race/ethnicity groups overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ahmad
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Franck Housseau
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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Hall DCN, Benndorf RA. Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:393. [PMID: 35780223 PMCID: PMC9250486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin's prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C N Hall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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LINC00339: An emerging major player in cancer and metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112788. [PMID: 35276468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a series of RNA molecules without ability to code proteins. LncRNAs have emerged as significant players in almost all aspects of gene function and regulation and play crucial roles in many human diseases. Particular lncRNAs are deemed to be promising molecular biomarkers used for diagnosing diseases and determining patient prognoses and treatment efficacies. LINC00339 is a new budding lncRNA and much of evidence shows that it is abnormally expressed in multifarious diseases, including endometriosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, osteoporosis, digestive-system tumors, respiratory-system tumors, nervous-system tumors, and diseases involving other systems. Additionally, LINC00339 is remarkably associated with different clinical features, such as tumor size, TNM stage, and pathological grade. LINC00339 expression has been proved to upregulate in the aforementioned diseases and has been identified to promote disease occurrence and development. It is also reported that LINC00339 is associated with various cellular events, such as tumor cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness, the expression has also been proved that it is closely related to clinical symptoms in cancer patients. This review summarizes the relationships among expression levels, biological features, clinical symptoms, and regulatory mechanisms of LINC00339 in several diseases and discusses the clinical applications of LINC00339 as a cancer diagnostic, prognostic and treatment efficacy biomarker.
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34
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Chen YS, Li J, Menon R, Jayaraman A, Lee K, Huang Y, Dashwood WM, Zhang K, Sun D, Dashwood RH. Dietary spinach reshapes the gut microbiome in an Apc-mutant genetic background: mechanistic insights from integrated multi-omics. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1972756. [PMID: 34494932 PMCID: PMC8437542 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1972756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interrelationships govern the dynamic interactions between gut microbes, the host, and exogenous drivers of disease outcome. A multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by spinach (SPI) was pursued for the first time in the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model. SPI fed for 26 weeks (10% w/w, freeze-dried in the diet) exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and, in the Apc-mutant genetic background, β-catenin remained highly overexpressed in adenomatous polyps. However, in both wild type and Apc-mutant rats, increased gut microbiome diversity after SPI consumption coincided with reversal of taxonomic composition. Metagenomic prediction implicated linoleate and butanoate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pathways in cancer, which was supported by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Thus, tumor suppression by SPI involved marked reshaping of the gut microbiome along with changes in host RNA-miRNA networks. When colon polyps were compared with matched normal-looking tissues via metabolomics, anticancer outcomes were linked to SPI-derived linoleate bioactives with known anti-inflammatory/ proapoptotic mechanisms, as well as N-aceto-2-hydroxybutanoate, consistent with altered butanoate metabolism stemming from increased α-diversity of the gut microbiome. In colon tumors from SPI-fed rats, L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate also were reduced, implicating altered mitochondrial energetics and cell surface glycans involved in oncogenic signaling networks and immune evasion. In conclusion, a multi-omics approach to cancer prevention by SPI provided mechanistic support for linoleate and butanoate metabolism, as well as tumor-associated changes in L-glutamate and N-acetylneuraminate. Additional factors, such as the fiber content, also warrant further investigation with a view to delaying colectomy and drug intervention in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Li
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA
| | - Rani Menon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Texas A&M Health, Houston, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, USA,CONTACT Roderick H. Dashwood Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health, Houston, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texass 77030, USA
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35
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Qi C, Zhou J, Tu H, Tu R, Chang H, Chen J, Li D, Sun J, Yu R. Lactation-dependent vertical transmission of natural probiotics from the mother to the infant gut through breast milk. Food Funct 2021; 13:304-315. [PMID: 34889924 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of certain bacteria from the mother's gut to the infant's gut via breast milk (BM) is critical for the offspring's immune system development. Dysbiosis of the BM microbiota can be caused by a variety of reasons, which can be influenced by probiotics delivered via the enteromammary route. The goal of this study was to investigate the bacteria that can be transmitted from the mother to the infant's intestine during various lactation periods in 19 mother-child dyads. Bacterial transmission is most common during the colostrum phase when bacteria with certain amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) enter the newborn intestine and inhabit it permanently. We have established that anaerobic gut-associated bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Lachnoclostridium, transfer from the mother to the infant's gut with lactation dependence using the idea of weighted transfer ratios. Streptococcus salivarius, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus gasseri are transferred from the maternal gut to the BM, as well as from the BM to the newborn gut, depending on different ASVs. These findings suggest that isolation of key microorganisms from breast milk could be utilized to modify the microbiota of BM or newborns by giving the mother a probiotic or adding it to artificial milk to promote neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Qi
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Huayu Tu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Rundan Tu
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nephrology and Rheumatism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, PR China. E-mail:.
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36
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Niedzwiecki MM, Eggers S, Joshi A, Dolios G, Cantoral A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Amarasiriwardena C, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Petrick L. Lead exposure and serum metabolite profiles in pregnant women in Mexico City. Environ Health 2021; 20:125. [PMID: 34893088 PMCID: PMC8665540 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure is a global health hazard causing a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, the mechanisms of Pb toxicology remain incompletely understood, especially during pregnancy. To uncover biological pathways impacted by Pb exposure, this study investigated serum metabolomic profiles during the third trimester of pregnancy that are associated with blood Pb and bone Pb. METHODS We used data and specimens from 99 women enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors birth cohort in Mexico City. Maternal Pb exposure was measured in whole blood samples from the third trimester of pregnancy and in the tibia and patella bones at 1 month postpartum. Third-trimester serum samples underwent metabolomic analysis; metabolites were identified based on matching to an in-house analytical standard library. A metabolome-wide association study was performed using multiple linear regression models. Class- and pathway-based enrichment analyses were also conducted. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) blood Pb concentration was 2.9 (2.6) µg/dL. Median bone Pb, measured in the tibia and patella, were 2.5 (7.3) µg/g and 3.6 (9.5) µg/g, respectively. Of 215 total metabolites identified in serum, 31 were associated with blood Pb (p < 0.05). Class enrichment analysis identified significant overrepresentation of metabolites classified as fatty acids and conjugates, amino acids and peptides, and purines. Tibia and patella Pb were associated with 14 and 8 metabolites, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparing results from bone and blood Pb, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and 1-arachidonoylglycerol were positively associated with blood Pb and tibia Pb, and 7-methylguanine was negatively associated with blood Pb and patella Pb. One metabolite, 5-aminopentanoic acid, was negatively associated with all three Pb measures. CONCLUSIONS This study identified serum metabolites in pregnant women associated with Pb measured in blood and bone. These findings provide insights on the metabolic profile around Pb exposure in pregnancy and information to guide mechanistic studies of toxicological effects for mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Niedzwiecki
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Shoshannah Eggers
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Anu Joshi
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | | | | | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | | | - Robert O Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
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37
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Deng Y, Kokou F, Eding EH, Verdegem MCJ. Impact of early-life rearing history on gut microbiome succession and performance of Nile tilapia. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:81. [PMID: 34838149 PMCID: PMC8627003 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish gut microbial colonisation starts during larval stage and plays an important role in host’s growth and health. To what extent first colonisation could influence the gut microbiome succession and growth in later life remains unknown. In this study, Nile tilapia embryos were incubated in two different environments, a flow-through system (FTS) and a biofloc system (BFS); hatched larvae were subsequently cultured in the systems for 14 days of feeding (dof). Fish were then transferred to one common recirculating aquaculture system (RAS1, common garden, 15–62 dof), followed by a growth trial in another RAS (RAS2, growth trial, 63–105 dof). In RAS2, fish were fed with two types of diet, differing in non-starch polysaccharide content. Our aim was to test the effect of rearing environment on the gut microbiome development, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Nile tilapia during post-larvae stages. Results Larvae cultured in the BFS showed better growth and different gut microbiome, compared to FTS. After the common garden, the gut microbiome still showed differences in species composition, while body weight was similar. Long-term effects of early life rearing history on fish gut microbiome composition, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy balances were not observed. Still, BFS-reared fish had more gut microbial interactions than FTS-reared fish. A temporal effect was observed in gut microbiome succession during fish development, although a distinct number of core microbiome remained present throughout the experimental period. Conclusion Our results indicated that the legacy effect of first microbial colonisation of the fish gut gradually disappeared during host development, with no differences in gut microbiome composition and growth performance observed in later life after culture in a common environment. However, early life exposure of larvae to biofloc consistently increased the microbial interactions in the gut of juvenile Nile tilapia and might possibly benefit gut health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-021-00145-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale Deng
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fotini Kokou
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ep H Eding
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C J Verdegem
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ramayo-Caldas Y, Zingaretti LM, Pérez-Pascual D, Alexandre PA, Reverter A, Dalmau A, Quintanilla R, Ballester M. Leveraging host-genetics and gut microbiota to determine immunocompetence in pigs. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:74. [PMID: 34689834 PMCID: PMC8543910 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota influences host performance playing a relevant role in homeostasis and function of the immune system. The aim of the present work was to identify microbial signatures linked to immunity traits and to characterize the contribution of host-genome and gut microbiota to the immunocompetence in healthy pigs. RESULTS To achieve this goal, we undertook a combination of network, mixed model and microbial-wide association studies (MWAS) for 21 immunity traits and the relative abundance of gut bacterial communities in 389 pigs genotyped for 70K SNPs. The heritability (h2; proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the host genetics) and microbiability (m2; proportion of variance explained by the microbial composition) showed similar values for most of the analyzed immunity traits, except for both IgM and IgG in plasma that was dominated by the host genetics, and the haptoglobin in serum which was the trait with larger m2 (0.275) compared to h2 (0.138). Results from the MWAS suggested a polymicrobial nature of the immunocompetence in pigs and revealed associations between pigs gut microbiota composition and 15 of the analyzed traits. The lymphocytes phagocytic capacity (quantified as mean fluorescence) and the total number of monocytes in blood were the traits associated with the largest number of taxa (6 taxa). Among the associations identified by MWAS, 30% were confirmed by an information theory network approach. The strongest confirmed associations were between Fibrobacter and phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes (r = 0.37), followed by correlations between Streptococcus and the percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes (r = -0.34) and between Megasphaera and serum concentration of haptoglobin (r = 0.26). In the interaction network, Streptococcus and percentage of phagocytic lymphocytes were the keystone bacterial and immune-trait, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings reveal an important connection between gut microbiota composition and immunity traits in pigs, and highlight the need to consider both sources of information, host genome and microbial levels, to accurately characterize immunocompetence in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura M. Zingaretti
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Pascual
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Antoni Dalmau
- Animal Welfare Subprogram, IRTA, 17121 Monells, Girona Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, IRTA, Torre Marimón, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona Spain
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Gu Z, Pei W, Shen Y, Wang L, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Fan S, Wu Q, Li L, Zhang Z. Akkermansia muciniphila and its outer protein Amuc_1100 regulates tryptophan metabolism in colitis. Food Funct 2021; 12:10184-10195. [PMID: 34532729 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions, including dietary ingredients, nutrients and probiotics, exert anti-inflammatory effects in ulcerative colitis (UC). Our previous study showed that Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk), a promising probiotic, could protect against colitis via the regulation of the immune response. However, whether it can restore aberrant tryptophan (Trp) metabolism during colitis remains unclear. In this study, untargeted serum metabolomics of patients with UC and colitis mice showed that Trp metabolism was activated, which was confirmed by quantification of Trp metabolites from a validation cohort and animal study. Integrative analysis of faecal metagenomes and serum metabolomes revealed significant associations between Akk and three Trp metabolites. Live Akk, pasteurised Akk and Amuc_1100 failed to restore the reduction in Trp metabolites involved in the serotonin pathway in colitis mice. However, live Akk, pasteurised Akk and Amuc_1100 increased kynurenine (Kyn) but decreased 2-picolinic acid (PIC) levels and the PIC/Kyn ratio without regulating any of the genes involved in Trp metabolism, suggesting that they could suppress the Kyn pathway (KP) independent of colon tissue. In addition, they could significantly restore the enrichment of Trp metabolism mediated by faecal microbiota. Specifically, live Akk, pasteurised Akk and Amuc_1100 could significantly offset the reduction in indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels. Pasteurised Akk significantly elevated the serum levels of indole acrylic acid (IA). In addition, live Akk, pasteurised Akk and Amuc_1100 could upregulate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) targeted genes, including CYP1A1, IL-10 and IL-22, suggesting that Akk could activate AhR signaling by regulating Trp metabolism, thereby attenuating colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Gu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Wenlong Pei
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Yonghua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Shengxian Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P.R. China.
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40
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De Maio F, Ianiro G, Coppola G, Santopaolo F, Abbate V, Bianco DM, Del Zompo F, De Matteis G, Leo M, Nesci A, Nicoletti A, Pompili M, Cammarota G, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Improved gut microbiota features after the resolution of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:62. [PMID: 34656179 PMCID: PMC8520333 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has a tropism for the gastrointestinal tract and several studies have shown an alteration of the gut microbiota in hospitalized infected patients. However, long-term data on microbiota changes after recovery are lacking. METHODS We enrolled 30 patients hospitalized for SARS‑CoV‑2-related pneumonia. Their gut microbiota was analyzed within 48 h from the admission and compared with (1) that of other patients admitted for suspected bacterial pneumonia (control group) (2) that obtained from the same subject 6 months after nasopharyngeal swab negativization. RESULTS Gut microbiota alpha-diversity increased 6 months after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bacteroidetes relative abundance was higher (≈ 36.8%) in patients with SARS-CoV-2, and declined to 18.7% when SARS-CoV-2 infection resolved (p = 0.004). Conversely, Firmicutes were prevalent (≈ 75%) in controls and in samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution (p = 0.001). Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Blautia increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection resolution, rebalancing the gut microbiota composition. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with changes in the gut microbiome, which tend to be reversed in long-term period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Coppola
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Abbate
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Mercedes Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Zompo
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Matteis
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Leo
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Nesci
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Nicoletti
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. .,CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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41
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Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Tonse R, Saxena A, McGranaghan P, Kaiser A, Kotecha R. Emerging Evidence on the Effects of Dietary Factors on the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718389. [PMID: 34708063 PMCID: PMC8542705 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors have important role in modulating the gut microbiome, which in-turn regulates the molecular events in colonic mucosa. The composition and resulting metabolism of the gut microbiome are decisive factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Altered gut microbiome is associated with impaired immune response, and the release of carcinogenic or genotoxic substances which are the major microbiome-induced mechanisms implicated in CRC pathogenesis. Diets low in dietary fibers and phytomolecules as well as high in red meat are important dietary changes which predispose to CRC. Dietary fibers which reach the colon in an undigested form are further metabolized by the gut microbiome into enterocyte friendly metabolites such as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) which provide anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Healthy microbiome supported by dietary fibers and phytomolecules could decrease cell proliferation by regulating the epigenetic events which activate proto-oncogenes and oncogenic pathways. Emerging evidence show that predominance of microbes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum can predispose the colonic mucosa to malignant transformation. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have been demonstrated to restrict the growth of potentially harmful opportunistic organisms. Synbiotics can protect the intestinal mucosa by improving immune response and decreasing the production of toxic metabolites, oxidative stress and cell proliferation. In this narrative review, we aim to update the emerging evidence on how diet could modulate the gut microbial composition and revive colonic epithelium. This review highlights the importance of healthy plant-based diet and related supplements in CRC prevention by improving the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muni Rubens
- Office of Clinical Research, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Raees Tonse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Peter McGranaghan
- Office of Clinical Research, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adeel Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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42
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Witt AN, Green RD, Winterborn AN. A Meta-Analysis of Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta), Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), African green monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops), and Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo) as Large Animal Models for COVID-19. Comp Med 2021; 71:433-441. [PMID: 34588096 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are at the forefront of biomedical research for studies of viral transmission, vaccines, and pathogenesis, yet the need for an ideal large animal model for COVID-19 remains. We used a meta-analysis to evaluate published data relevant to this need. Our literature survey contained 22 studies with data relevant to the incidence of common COVID-19 symptoms in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Rhesus macaques had leukocytosis on Day 1 after inoculation and pneumonia on Days 7 and 14 after inoculation, in frequencies that were similar enough to humans to reject the null hypothesis of a Fisher exact test. However, the differences in overall presentation of disease were too different from that of humans to successfully identify any of these 4 species as an ideal large animal of COVID-19. The greatest limitation to the current study is a lack of standardization in experimentation and reporting. To expand our understanding of the pathology of COVID-19 and evalu- ate vaccine immunogenicity, we must extend the unprecedented collaboration that has arisen in the study of COVID-19 to include standardization of animal-based research in an effort to find the optimal animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Witt
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel D Green
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew N Winterborn
- Office of the University Veterinarian, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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43
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Sayed IM, Ramadan HKA, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdel-Wahid L. Microbiome and gastrointestinal malignancies. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Koulouris A, Tsagkaris C, Messaritakis I, Gouvas N, Sfakianaki M, Trypaki M, Spyrou V, Christodoulakis M, Athanasakis E, Xynos E, Tzardi M, Mavroudis D, Souglakos J. Resectable Colorectal Cancer: Current Perceptions on the Correlation of Recurrence Risk, Microbiota and Detection of Genetic Mutations in Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3522. [PMID: 34298740 PMCID: PMC8304269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a highly lethal malignancy, although considerable progress has resulted from molecular alterations in guiding optimal use of available treatments. CRC recurrence remains a great barrier in the disease management. Hence, the spotlight turns to newly mapped fields concerning recurrence risk factors in patients with resectable CRC with a focus on genetic mutations, microbiota remodeling and liquid biopsies. There is an urgent need for novel biomarkers to address disease recurrence since specific genetic signatures can identify a higher or lower recurrence risk (RR) and, thus, be used both as biomarkers and treatment targets. To a large extent, CRC is mediated by the immune and inflammatory interplay of microbiota, through intestinal dysbiosis. Clarification of these mechanisms will yield new opportunities, leading not only to the appropriate stratification policies, but also to more precise, personalized monitoring and treatment navigation. Under this perspective, early detection of post-operative CRC recurrence is of utmost importance. Ongoing trials, focusing on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and, even more, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), seem to pave the way to a promising, minimally invasive but accurate and life-saving monitoring, not only supporting personalized treatment but favoring patients' quality of life, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Koulouris
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Gouvas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 20537, Cyprus;
| | - Maria Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Maria Trypaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Vasiliki Spyrou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Manousos Christodoulakis
- Department of General Surgery, Venizeleio General Hospital, Leoforos Knossou 44, 71409 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Elias Athanasakis
- Department of Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Xynos
- Department of Surgery, Creta Interclinic Hospital of Heraklion, 71305 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Laboratory of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.T.); (D.M.); (J.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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45
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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