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Xu X, Li Y, Liu S, Wang W. Longitudinal Relationships Between Bullying Victimization and Dual Social Behaviors: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Trauma-Related Shame. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1463-1475. [PMID: 38585334 PMCID: PMC10999185 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s450013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bullying victimization is a serious issue among college students, which might affect the development of their social behaviors. Based on the theory of stress and coping and emotion regulation theory, the present study examined the mediating role of self-compassion and trauma-related shame between bullying victimization and cyber aggression/prosocial behavior. Patients and Methods We gathered self-reporting data on bullying victimization, self-compassion, trauma-related shame, cyber aggression, and prosocial behavior from 634 college students in China using a three-wave longitudinal design survey. Structural equation modeling was used to test temporal mediation. Results The results showed that bullying victimization predicted cyber aggression and prosocial behavior via trauma-related shame and the chain effect of self-compassion and trauma-related shame. Moreover, self-compassion also mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and prosocial behavior. Conclusion The study revealed the different emotional processes that underlie both bullying victimization and different social behaviors. It also contributes to more effective prevention and intervention measures for the social adaptation of bullied students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xu
- School of Education Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Aardal V, Willumsen T, Evensen KB. Differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life among dental anxiety patients with and without reported abuse experience. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12976. [PMID: 38305706 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in anxiety, depression, and oral health-related quality of life between people with dental anxiety who reported abuse experience (n = 60) and people with dental anxiety who did not report abuse experience (n = 97). Both groups attended a dental service focused on the treatment of dental anxiety intended for people with a history of physiological or psychological trauma, or odontophobia. The participants responded to a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP), and the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+ ). The differences between groups were tested for statistical significance using Welch's T-tests, and linear regression was used to adjust for gender. The participants with reported abuse experience expressed greater psychological symptoms of anxiety and poorer oral health-related quality of life. The participants with reported abuse experience also expressed a higher fear of losing control, as well as feeling shame and disgust. This study shows that individuals with dental anxiety and a history of abuse may face more complex challenges than those with dental anxiety and no history of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilde Aardal
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril Willumsen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jang H, Park H, Son H, Kim J. The Asymmetric Effects of the Transitions Into and out of Bullying Victimization on Depressive Symptoms: The Protective Role of Parental Education. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:828-836. [PMID: 38069939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among youth from multicultural families in Korea, while distinguishing between the effects of entering and exiting bullying victimization. This study also investigates whether parental education moderates this association. METHODS Using data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample of children from multicultural families in Korea, this study employed novel asymmetric fixed-effects models that separately assess the effects of entering and exiting bullying victimization. Interaction models were conducted to consider the moderating roles of maternal and paternal college attainment. RESULTS Conventional fixed-effects models showed that bullying victimization is significantly associated with an increase in depressive symptoms (b = 0.261). Asymmetric fixed-effects models suggest that the magnitude of the entry effect (b = 0.299) was significantly larger than that of the exit effect (b = -0.237). Furthermore, maternal college education amplified the mental health benefits of exiting from bullying victimization but did not buffer the harmful effects of entering bullying victimization. Gender-stratified analyses indicate that this protective effect of maternal college education was only significant for girls. Paternal college education, on the other hand, did not moderate either the entry or exit effects of bullying victimization. DISCUSSION The study's findings on the asymmetric effects of bullying victimization on depressive symptoms emphasize the importance of providing follow-up care and mental health support for multicultural family youth who have experienced bullying, with particular attention to those with a history of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayun Jang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Son
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Beachy S, Liang CTH. Patterns in pro-gun beliefs and weapon carrying behaviors in rural White adolescent. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:21-34. [PMID: 37814450 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Weapon carrying among White rural populations is understudied although evidence suggests that rural White boys have high rates of carriage. This study delineated patterns of weapon use and pro-gun beliefs using a latent class analysis on a sample of 32,916 White rural adolescents. Five groups were identified (i.e., Low Gun Risk, Naïve, Social Contagion, Independent, Unsupervised) using pro-gun beliefs, peer risk factors, and weapon carrying items. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that identifying as male, age, housing instability, and victimization consistently differentiated group membership between different classes. These results suggest that rural White adolescents vary in their belief systems about guns and weapon carrying behavior and that this heterogeneity can be differentiated by lived experiences of these adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beachy
- Department of Education and Human Services, College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher T H Liang
- Department of Education and Human Services, College of Education, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Graham B, Ehlers A. Development and Validation of the Bullied Cognitions Inventory (BCI). COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2023; 47:1033-1045. [PMID: 37927423 PMCID: PMC10620262 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-023-10412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Bullying increases risk of social anxiety and can produce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to cognitive models, these are maintained by unhelpful beliefs, which are therefore assessed and targeted in cognitive therapy. This paper describes psychometric validation of a new measure of beliefs related to bullying experiences. Methods In an online survey of 1879 young people before starting university or college in the UK, 1279 reported a history of bullying (N = 1279), and 854 rated their agreement with beliefs about self and others related to bullying experiences and completed symptom measures of social anxiety and PTSD related to bullying. An empirical structure for a Bullied Cognitions Inventory was established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and assessed using model fit statistics and tests of reliability and validity. Results Fifteen items clustered into four themes: "degraded in the eyes of others", "negative interpretations of reactions to bullying", "recognisable as a bullying victim" and "social defeat". The measure has acceptable reliability and validity and, accounting for existing cognitive measures, explained additional variance in symptoms of PTSD but not social anxiety. Conclusions The Bullied Cognitions Inventory (BCI) is a valid and reliable tool for measuring cognitions related to bullying. It may be useful in therapy for identifying and monitoring unhelpful cognitions in those who were bullied. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10412-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Graham
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, University of Oxford, The Old Rectory, Paradise Square, Oxford, OX1 1TW UK
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, University of Oxford, The Old Rectory, Paradise Square, Oxford, OX1 1TW UK
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Bullying Victimization and Mental Health among Migrant Children in Urban China: A Moderated Mediation Model of School Belonging and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127135. [PMID: 35742383 PMCID: PMC9222438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
School bullying victimization among children is a significant public health issue that may negatively influence their mental health. However, few studies have been conducted on the bullying of migrant children in urban China. A positive psychological perspective has rarely been adopted in examining the mechanisms through which bullying victimization influences mental health, and the protective factors remain understudied. This research investigates the factors that may contribute to reducing the negative effects of bullying victimization on mental health, focusing on the protective roles of school belonging and resilience in the association between bullying victimization and mental health. Data were collected from 1087 school-aged migrant children in Shanghai and Nanjing, China. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct moderated mediation analyses to test the hypothesized models. The results of moderated mediation modeling revealed that bullying victimization (β = −0.386, p < 0.001) was negatively linked with mental health through decreased school belonging (β = 0.398, p < 0.001). Moreover, resilience buffered the indirect negative effects of bullying victimization on migrant children’s mental health via school belonging (β = −0.460, p < 0.01). Specifically, lower resilience was clearly associated with stronger indirect effects. Our findings suggest that school belonging and resilience must be incorporated into mental health prevention and intervention programs targeting migrant children with bullying victimization experiences.
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Lian Y, Liu L, Lu Z, Wang W. Longitudinal relationships between bullying and prosocial behavior: The mediating roles of trauma-related guilt and shame. Psych J 2022; 11:492-499. [PMID: 35354226 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the relationships between bullying, trauma-related guilt, trauma-related shame, and prosocial behaviors. We investigated 1,322 college students using a longitudinal approach to explore the internal mechanism between bullying, prosocial behaviors, and the probable mediating effects of trauma-related guilt and shame. The results suggested that bullying negatively predicted prosocial behaviors and that trauma-related guilt played a positive mediating role. In contrast, trauma-related shame played a negative mediating role in the relationship between bullying and prosocial behaviors. These findings indicated that trauma-related guilt and shame played adaptive and maladaptive roles after bullying victimization, which also provided a theoretical basis for the relevant intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi'ang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Jiang S, Liu RD, Ding Y, Jiang R, Fu X, Hong W. Why the Victims of Bullying Are More Likely to Avoid Involvement When Witnessing Bullying Situations: The Role of Bullying Sensitivity and Moral Disengagement. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3062-NP3083. [PMID: 32762442 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520948142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested a link between bullying victimization and passive bystander behaviors, such as more outsider behaviors and fewer defender behaviors. However, little is known about the internal mechanism underpinning this relation. The present study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between bullying victimization and two types of bystander behaviors (defender behavior and outsider behavior), considering the possible mediator role of bullying sensitivity and moral disengagement among Chinese adolescents. Participants were 435 primary school students aged from 11 to 13 years (M = 12.27, SD = 0.69) who completed measurements of bullying victimization, bullying sensitivity, moral disengagement, and bystander behaviors. The results of the total effect model indicated that bullying victimization was positively related to outsider behavior and negatively related to defender behavior. The results from the structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis showed that bullying sensitivity mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and defender behavior. The relationship between bullying victimization and outsider behavior was mediated by moral disengagement, as well as the multiple mediation of bullying sensitivity and moral disengagement. These results highlight the roles of bullying sensitivity and moral disengagement in explaining the relation between bullying victimization and bystander behavior among adolescent students. The findings provide important implications for developing intervention programs aiming at school bullying prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-De Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronghuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchen Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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ASMARI Y, DOLATSHAHI B, POURSHARIFI H, BARAHMAND U. "Early Negative Memories, Humiliation and Defectiveness/Shame Schema: An Emotion-Focused Therapeutic Approach to Social Anxiety". JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2022. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2022.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"Introduction: Recently emotion-focused therapy has developed as an additional approach and considers the role of primary emotions such as shame in the formation and persistence of SAD. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the theoretical model of emotion-focused therapy for SAD by considering the role of early negative memories, humiliation and the mediating role of self-defectiveness/shame schema in the etiology of SAD. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited a sample of 105 students, 44 males (41.9%) 61 females (58.1%), diagnosed with SAD by psychologists from Shahid Beheshti University Counseling Center. Participants ranging in age from 18 to 34 with a mean age of 23.1 years (SD=3.5) completed the Social Phobia Inventory, Humiliation Inventory, Early Life Experiences Scale, Defectiveness /Shame Schema subscale of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Data were analyzed using SmartPLS-SEM. The results showed that early childhood experiences and humiliation significantly predict SAD. Also, the indirect effects of the independent variables through defectiveness/shame schema on SAD were significant. Conclusions: Consistent with the assumptions of the emotion-focused approach to SAD, these results confirm that early life experiences and humiliation with the development of shame schemes play an important role in the etiology of SAD and must be considered for therapy to be effective. The results of this study suggest that the components of the emotion-focused model can have therapeutic value as targets of intervention in randomized clinical trials."
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Thorisdottir AS, Asmundson G. Internet-delivered cognitive processing therapy for individuals with a history of bullying victimization: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 51:143-169. [PMID: 34184620 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1938663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test an internet-delivered version of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for the psychological distress associated with bullying victimization. The sample comprised 52 adults (i.e. 69.20% women; mean age = 43.37 (SD = 12.47); 3.85% ethnic minority) who self-identified as having a lifetime history of bullying victimization. Participants were randomized into three groups, which received 12 sessions of internet-delivered, therapist-guided, and content-modified version of CPT, 12 sessions of internet-delivered and therapist-guided stress management (SM), or a waitlist. Treatment outcomes included maladaptive trauma appraisals, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, general anxiety and stress, social anxiety, and anger. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyse the data. Findings indicated that CPT was effective in reducing the strength of maladaptive appraisals related to bullying victimization and symptoms of PTSD compared to the waitlist and SM. SM outperformed CPT and the waitlist in reducing symptoms of depression, general anxiety, and stress. In conclusion, the results of this trial suggest that internet-delivered CPT is effective for the psychological distress and maladaptive appraisals associated with bullying victimization but that adaptions might be needed to target more effectively symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Too EK, Abubakar A, Nasambu C, Koot HM, Cuijpers P, Newton CRJC, Nyongesa MK. Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24 Suppl 2:e25705. [PMID: 34164931 PMCID: PMC8222842 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside, there are limited summary data on CMDs among these youths, yet there are previous systematic reviews summarizing data on CMDs among adults living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of CMDs among YLWH, aged 10 to 24 years, from SSA. METHODS We searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online and five other electronic databases (from database inception up to 31 December 2020) for relevant studies published in English. The key search terms applied were as follows: "Depression OR Anxiety", "Young people", "HIV infections" and "sub-Saharan Africa". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Out of 3989 articles, 31 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of CMDs in YLWH widely varied ranging between 16.0% and 40.8% for major depression, 4.4% and 52.6% for depressive symptoms and 2.2% and 25.0% for anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorder was estimated at 45.6%. Four of the five included studies with a comparison group of HIV-negative young people reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of depressive disorders among YLWH. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial and HIV-related correlates of CMDs were reported but most lacked consensus across studies. Nevertheless, female sex, older age, fewer schooling years, HIV-positive status, bullying, sexual abuse, HIV-related stigma, social support and poor antiretroviral therapy adherence were frequently reported (in ≥2 studies) as significant correlates of depressive symptoms among YLWH. Higher social support was the only frequent significant correlate of anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CMDs among YLWH from SSA is substantial and appears to be significantly higher when compared with HIV-negative peers, particularly for depressive disorders. However, more comparative research is needed. Importantly, screening for CMDs at the youth HIV-clinics should be prioritized especially for YLWH at high risk of CMDs, to facilitate early management or referral for treatment. Furthermore, youth-friendly psychological interventions addressing CMDs in YLWH should urgently be piloted in SSA, incorporating contextual components that may directly or indirectly reduce symptoms of CMDs among YLWH, such as social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra K Too
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast)KilifiKenya
- Department of Public HealthPwani UniversityKilifiKenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast)KilifiKenya
- Department of Public HealthPwani UniversityKilifiKenya
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Institute for Human DevelopmentAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - Carophine Nasambu
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast)KilifiKenya
| | - Hans M Koot
- Department of ClinicalNeuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of ClinicalNeuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charles RJC Newton
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast)KilifiKenya
- Department of Public HealthPwani UniversityKilifiKenya
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Moses K Nyongesa
- KEMRI‐Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast)KilifiKenya
- Department of ClinicalNeuro‐ and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Daniunaite I, Cloitre M, Karatzias T, Shevlin M, Thoresen S, Zelviene P, Kazlauskas E. PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: discriminating factors in a population-based cross-sectional study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1890937. [PMID: 33968323 PMCID: PMC8075084 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1890937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic and repeated trauma are well-established risk factors for complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in adult samples. Less is known about how trauma history and other factors contribute to the development of CPTSD in adolescence. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential contribution of trauma history and social factors to CPTSD in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional community study of 1299 adolescents aged 12-16 years, PTSD (n = 97) and CPTSD (n = 108) was assessed with the Child and Adolescent version of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ-CA). Trauma exposure, family functioning, school problems, and social support as potential discriminating factors between the PTSD and CPTSD groups were investigated. Results: Cumulative trauma exposure did not discriminate between PTSD and CPTSD in this sample. CPTSD was associated with family problems (such as financial difficulties and conflicts in the home), school problems (bullying and learning difficulties), and lack of social support. Conclusions: Our study indicates that factors other than cumulative trauma are important for the development of CPTSD in adolescence. Interventions targeting adolescent's social environment both at home and at school may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Daniunaite
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paulina Zelviene
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Childhood trauma and suicidal ideation among Chinese university students: the mediating effect of Internet addiction and school bullying victimisation. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e152. [PMID: 32772993 PMCID: PMC7443799 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The factors associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents have been extensively characterised, but the mechanisms underlying the complexities of the relationship between experiences of childhood trauma and suicidal ideation have been less studied. This study examined the direct effect of childhood trauma on suicidal ideation on the one hand and whether school bullying victimisation and Internet addiction mediate the association between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation on the other hand. METHODS This school-based mental health survey was carried out in Qinghai Province in Northwest China in December 2019. We employed standardised questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and target mental health outcomes. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression and structural equation modelling were performed for the data analyses. RESULTS This study included 5864 university students. The prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and Internet addiction were 34.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Overall, 16.4% and 11.4% of participants reported experiences of childhood trauma and school bullying victimisation, respectively. There were direct effects of childhood trauma, school bullying victimisation and Internet addiction on suicidal ideation. The total effect of childhood trauma on suicidal ideation was 0.201 (p < 0.001). School bullying victimisation and Internet addiction mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation. Internet addiction played a mediating role between school bullying and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma had both direct and indirect effects on suicidal ideation; these effects were mediated by school bullying victimisation and Internet addiction in Chinese university students. Elucidating these relationships will therefore be useful in developing and implementing more targeted interventions and strategies to improve the mental well-being of Chinese university students.
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Ortega L, Montalvo I, Solé M, Creus M, Cabezas Á, Gutiérrez-Zotes A, Sánchez-Gistau V, Vilella E, Labad J. Relationship between childhood trauma and social adaptation in a sample of young people attending an early intervention service for psychosis. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2020; 13:131-139. [PMID: 32616469 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood trauma has been associated with an increased risk of psychosis, a greater severity of psychopathological symptoms, and a worse functional prognosis in patients with psychotic disorders. The current study aims to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, psychopathology and social adaptation in a sample of young people with first episode psychosis (FEP) or at-risk mental states (ARMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample included 114 young people (18-35 years old, 81 FEP and 33 ARMS) who were attending an Early Intervention Service for Psychosis. Positive, negative and depressive symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and the Calgary Depression Scale; history of childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; social adaptation was assessed with the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, psychopathology and SASS dimensions in the global sample (including FEP and ARMS). An exploratory SEM analysis was repeated in the subsample of FEP patients. RESULTS ARMS individuals reported more emotional neglect and worse social adaptation compared to FEP. SEM analysis showed that childhood trauma is associated with a worse social adaptation, in a direct way with domains involving interpersonal relationships, and mediated by depressive symptoms with those domains involving leisure, work and socio-cultural interests. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma has a negative effect on social adaptation in young people with early psychosis. Depressive symptoms play a mediation role in this association, especially in domains of leisure and work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega
- Facultat d'Infermeria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, España
| | - Itziar Montalvo
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)
| | - Montsé Solé
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Marta Creus
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Ángel Cabezas
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, España; Unidad de Psiquiatría, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, España; Unidad de Psiquiatría, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Reus, Tarragona, España; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Pere i Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Tarragona, España; Unidad de Psiquiatría, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España
| | - Javier Labad
- Departamento de Salud Mental, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, España; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM).
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15
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Neurobiological Trajectories Involving Social Isolation in PTSD: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030173. [PMID: 32197333 PMCID: PMC7139956 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation (SI) stress has been recognized as a major risk factor of morbidity in humans and animals, exerting damaging effects at the physical and mental health levels. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), on the other hand, occurs as a result of experiencing serious, life-threatening, traumatic events and involves involuntary re-experiencing trauma (intrusion), avoidance symptoms, and distortions of cognition and emotional arousal. The literature shows that PTSD is affected by genetic predisposition and triggers a large neurocircuitry involving the amygdala, insula, hippocampus, anterior cingulate- and prefrontal-cortex, and affects the function of the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Social isolation seems to influence the predisposition, onset and outcome of PTSD in humans, whereas it constitutes a valid model of the disorder in animals. According to the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) protocol, we systematically reviewed all original studies involving the neurobiological trajectories between SI and PTSD published till July 2019 (database: PubMed/Medline). Out of 274 studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria. We present the results of the retrieved studies in terms of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and endocannabinoid system function, immune reactions, neuroplasticity, novel pharmacological targets, and shortening of telomere length, which confirm a synergistic effect on a neurobiological level between the two entities.
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16
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Idsoe T, Vaillancourt T, Dyregrov A, Hagen KA, Ogden T, Nærde A. Bullying Victimization and Trauma. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:480353. [PMID: 33519533 PMCID: PMC7841334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.480353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying victimization and trauma research traditions operate quite separately. Hence, it is unclear from the literature whether bullying victimization should be considered as a form of interpersonal trauma. We review studies that connect bullying victimization with symptoms of PTSD, and in doing so, demonstrate that a conceptual understanding of the consequences of childhood bullying needs to be framed within a developmental perspective. We discuss two potential diagnoses that ought to be considered in the context of bullying victimization: (1) developmental trauma disorder, which was suggested but not accepted as a new diagnosis in the DSM-5 and (2) complex post-traumatic stress disorder, which has been included in the ICD-11. Our conclusion is that these frameworks capture the complexity of the symptoms associated with bullying victimization better than PTSD. We encourage practitioners to understand how exposure to bullying interacts with development at different ages when addressing the consequences for targets and when designing interventions that account for the duration, intensity, and sequelae of this type of interpersonal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thormod Idsoe
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Atle Dyregrov
- Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Terje Ogden
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Nærde
- Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Olff M, Amstadter A, Armour C, Birkeland MS, Bui E, Cloitre M, Ehlers A, Ford JD, Greene T, Hansen M, Lanius R, Roberts N, Rosner R, Thoresen S. A decennial review of psychotraumatology: what did we learn and where are we going? Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1672948. [PMID: 31897268 PMCID: PMC6924542 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1672948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
On 6 December 2019 we start the 10th year of the European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), a full Open Access journal on psychotrauma. This editorial is part of a special issue/collection celebrating the 10 years anniversary of the journal where we will acknowledge some of our most impactful articles of the past decade (also discussed below and marked with * in the reference list). In this editorial the editors present a decennial review of the field addressing a range of topics that are core to both the journal and to psychotraumatology as a discipline. These include neurobiological developments (genomics, neuroimaging and neuroendocrine research), forms of trauma exposure and impact across the lifespan, mass trauma and early interventions, work-related trauma, trauma in refugee populations, and the potential consequences of trauma such as PTSD or Complex PTSD, but also resilience. We address innovations in psychological, medication (enhanced) and technology-assisted treatments, mediators and moderators like social support and finally how new research methods help us to gain insights in symptom structures or to better predict symptom development or treatment success. We aimed to answer three questions 1. Where did we stand in 2010? 2. What did we learn in the past 10 years? 3. What are our knowledge gaps? We conclude with a number of recommendations concerning top priorities for the future direction of the field of psychotraumatology and correspondingly the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma
Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Departemnts of Psychiatry, Psychology, &
Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queens University
Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marianne S. Birkeland
- Section for implementation and treatment
research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo
Norway
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts
General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and
Training Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health,
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maj Hansen
- Department of Psychology,
Odense, Denmark
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Research
Unit, Western University of Canada, London, ON,
Canada
| | - Neil Roberts
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies
Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff,
UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine &
Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Clinical and Biological
Psychology, KU Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett,
Germany
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Section for trauma, catastrophes and forced
migration – children and youth, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress
Studies, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Warning signs of preschool victimization using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire: Prevalence and individual and family risk factors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221580. [PMID: 31442263 PMCID: PMC6707553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction School victimization by peers is an important social problem with serious short- and long-term consequences poorly studied at preschool ages, which can lead to school bullying without timely intervention. Longitudinal data was used to determine the prevalence of warning signs of preschool peer victimization and its individual and family risk factors. Methods Data was obtained from 577 community preschoolers. School victimization was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) administered to parents and teachers of children at ages 4 and 5. Risk factors for the child (demographics, conduct and emotional problems, aggressiveness) and the family (maternal problems during pregnancy and early development, parenting styles, adaptive functioning and parents’ problems) were previously recorded at 3 years old. Results Combined information from parents and teachers showed that 4.2% of preschoolers presented warning signs of victimization at ages 4 and 5. Low socioeconomic status, poor emotional control, early problems making friends and low level of parenting education in social norms at age 3 predicted later victimization at ages 4 and 5 (AUC = .78). Conclusion Peer victimization affects a considerable percentage of preschoolers. Early detection may help to reduce the risk of escalation.
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Tian L, Zhang D, Huebner ES. Psychometric Properties of the Positivity Scale among Chinese Adults and Early Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:197. [PMID: 29515505 PMCID: PMC5826383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted two studies to explore the psychometric properties of the Positivity Scale (P Scale) among Chinese adults and early adolescents, using a sample of 552 adults (Study 1) and a sample of 888 early adolescents (i.e., middle school students) (Study 2). First, item analyses and factor analyses were conducted to investigate the one-factor structure of the P Scale. Second, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and external evidences of validity were evaluated to examine its reliability and validity. Last, we used multi-group confirmatory factor analysis to test measurement invariance across gender. The two studies both provided evidence for its reliability and validity among Chinese adults and early adolescents. For the test of measurement invariance across gender, full scalar invariance was established among early adolescents; partial scalar invariance was supported among adults. Taken together, the results provided preliminary support in the Chinese context for the P Scale as a valid measure to assess the general disposition toward viewing life and experiences in a positive manner. The potential applications for future research and professional practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tian
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - E. Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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