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Nguyen TNM, Saunders R, Dermody G, Whitehead L. The influence of culture on the health beliefs and health behaviours of older Vietnam-born Australians living with chronic disease. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38922977 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the health beliefs and health behaviours of older Vietnam-born people living with chronic disease in Western Australia. DESIGN This study was designed as a focused ethnography guided by the interpretative research paradigm and Leininger's Theory of Culture Care. METHODS Data were collected through participant observation and interviews undertaken at participants' homes in Western Australia over 7 months in 2019. Data were analysed using Wolcott's approach for transferring qualitative data, comprising three phases: description, thematic analysis and interpretation. RESULTS This study included 12 participants. The health perspectives and practices of older Vietnam-born Australians significantly reflected the traditional Vietnamese values. These included the stigma towards chronic disease as an inevitable consequence of ageing; self-blame thoughts about chronic disease causations and maintained traditional dietary practices. However, some aspects of their health behaviours such as beliefs and practices in traditional medicine, Western medicine and physical exercise reflected a blended approach combining both Vietnamese-oriented and Westernized-orientated practices. Individual factors were also identified as contributing to chronic disease self-care among participants. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes culture played a significant role in shaping the way that older Vietnam-born Australians believed and behaved while living with chronic conditions. However, it also indicates that culture is not a stationary concept, it evolves gradually and is socially constructed. IMPLICATIONS A better understanding of the health beliefs and practices of older Vietnam-born Australians is expected to contribute to the delivery of culturally safe and effective support for this population. The achievement of culturally safe care requires a systemic approach and collaboration of strategies across sectors. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study encompassed the contribution of 12 older Vietnam-born Australians who offered the researcher the privilege to enter their world and the staff of social care organization who opened the gate for the researcher to approach participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosemary Saunders
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gordana Dermody
- School of Health Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Whitehead
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Jobson L, Qiu LS, Wong J, Li H, Lies J, Lau W, Bryant RA, Liddell BJ. Cultural differences in appraisals of control and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2358685. [PMID: 38836340 PMCID: PMC11155424 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Appraisals are central to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, few studies have examined how culture influences the associations between different types of trauma-related appraisals and PTSD symptoms.Objective: This study investigated cultural influences on appraisals of control and their associations with PTSD symptoms.Method: European Australian (n = 140, Mage = 35.80, SD = 12.44; 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) and Chinese Australian (n = 129, Mage = 30.16, SD = 8.93, 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) trauma survivors completed measures of appraisals, cultural values, and PTSD symptoms.Results: Findings showed that the Chinese Australian group was associated with greater Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity (i.e. emphasizing the value of adversity and people's ability to overcome adversity) and fewer fatalism appraisals (i.e. appraising one's destiny as externally determined), which in turn were atemporally associated with fewer PTSD symptoms; these atemporal indirect associations were moderated by self-construal and holistic thinking. The Chinese Australian group also reported fewer secondary control appraisals (i.e. attempts to change aspects of the self and accept current circumstances), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms. In contrast, the European Australian group was associated with fewer primary control appraisals (i.e. perceived ability to personally change or control a situation), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms.Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of culture on appraisals in PTSD. However, it must be noted that causal relationships cannot be inferred from cross-sectional mediation analyses and thus, future longitudinal research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Larissa Shiying Qiu
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Joshua Wong
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - July Lies
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Winnie Lau
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Richard A. Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda J. Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, Australia
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Maercker A, Bachem R, Mutuyimana C, Eberle D. [Toward Cultural Scripts of Trauma Sequelae]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38580308 DOI: 10.1055/a-2276-4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of cultural scripts has proven to be very useful for describing depression-like psychological complaints in different cultural regions of the world. The article presents the galaxy model and its implementation in the model of cultural scripts theoretically for the first time and connects these with cultural psychological value research. A new, extensive series of research projects aims to investigate post-trauma -related psychological complaints in various regions of the world. METHODS The work in two countries/regions began with focus groups in which elements of cultural scripts were collected by traumatized clients and/or by (therapeutic) experts. For this purpose, a theory-based framework of possible post-traumatic script elements was provided. In Switzerland, focus groups were conducted with patients and experts. Focus groups were conducted with genocide survivors and other trauma victims in Rwanda and three East African countries. The evaluation was semi-quantitative. RESULTS In Switzerland, around 50 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements (e. g. still having to function). Approximately 100 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements in East Africa (e. g. loss of dignity). The first temporal connections (i. e. strong scripts) were found for the Swiss scripts (e. g. self-devaluation - urge to function). In the East African study, cultural value orientations underlying the script groupings were also assessed (e. g. community reputation). DISCUSSION The illustrative results presented here demonstrate the galaxy model and the suitability of the cultural script concept for recording the effects of trauma. There are differences and similarities in the two world regions examined so far. Further steps at the two study sites will be the temporal connections and the relationships to value orientations. The studies will be started at the other study sites in the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathologie und Klinische Intervention, Universität Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Rahel Bachem
- Psychopathologie und Klinische Intervention, Universität Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | - David Eberle
- Psychopathologie und Klinische Intervention, Universität Zürich, Schweiz
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Huang CY, Chen CJ, Lin JN, Shih YY, Chen CF. Symptom perception and self-care practice for uraemic pruritus in patients receiving haemodialysis. J Ren Care 2024; 50:36-46. [PMID: 36451513 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the recurrent nature of uraemic pruritus among patients receiving haemodialysis, self-care can offer patients a means to ameliorate this symptom. Qualitative data on self-care of uraemic pruritus are limited. OBJECTIVE To explore how patients on haemodialysis perceive uraemic pruritus, implement self-care practice, and appraise the outcome of self-caring uraemic pruritus. DESIGN The Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation guided the study design. PARTICIPANTS AND APPROACHES Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 30 patients receiving haemodialysis who were aged from 50 to 89 years and had had uraemic pruritus for more than 6 weeks. Interviews were audio recorded, and verbatim transcriptions of interviews were analysed. FINDINGS Our participants generally used life-related analogies to describe uraemic pruritus, which they reviewed as a momentarily controllable symptom with an endless timeline. Most participants reported limited knowledge of the aetiology and multifaceted impacts of uraemic pruritus on their daily life and emotional status. The impacts on daily life included decreased zest for activities and sleep disturbances. Physical management of uraemic pruritus involved daily substance use and interventions employed during pruritic episodes. Psychological managements involved preferences for indoor activities and a fatalistic outlook. Unsatisfactory outcomes and psychological burdens from self-care practice were reported. CONCLUSIONS Life experiences shape symptom presentation and self-care practice in patients on haemodialysis. The modalities for self-caring for uraemic pruritus are diverse but not remarkably effective. Performing self-care tasks places a substantial burden on patients. Individualised educational programs should be developed to improve the outcome of self-care practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Sport Management, College of Recreation and Health Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Chen
- School of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ni Lin
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Dayeh University, Changhua, Dacun, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiu-Feng Chen
- Department of Nursing, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
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Litvin SW, Guttentag D. There is No Place Like Home for the Holidays: Who Travels in the Midst of a Deadly Pandemic? JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH 2023; 62:1077-1089. [PMID: 37009066 PMCID: PMC10037125 DOI: 10.1177/00472875221113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The 2020 year-end holidays were a time of much apprehension regarding COVID-19, with U.S. health officials concerned that travel would result in a post-holiday surge of the disease. As such, much effort was expended encouraging people to forego their normal travel. Many Americans, however, ignored this advice and a strong uptick of travel within the U.S. was soon followed by an alarming increase in COVID cases. A U.S. online survey was conducted to better understand those individuals who made the risky decision to travel despite being encouraged by their government not to do so. Those who traveled for the holidays were compared with those who stayed home, based on their attitudes toward COVID, various psychographic characteristics associated with risk, political attitudes, and demographics. The between-group differences, shared herein, were startlingly clear. The findings are of theoretical value and will prove useful when setting policy and messaging during future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Litvin
- Department of Hospitality & Tourism
Management, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel Guttentag
- Department of Hospitality & Tourism
Management, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
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Hamel K, Abdelmaseh M, Bohr Y. An exploration of parenting styles, cultural values, and infant development in a sample of Latin American immigrants in Canada. Infant Ment Health J 2023; 44:319-334. [PMID: 36840974 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship between parenting style, culture, and infant development in a sample of Latin American mother-infant dyads in Toronto, Canada. We examined associations between mothers' self-reported parenting style and infant cognitive and socioemotional development, which we compared to results from mothers belonging to two other Canadian immigrant populations. We further examined whether specific cultural correlates, including affiliation with traditional Latinx cultural beliefs familism and fatalism and acculturation, were associated with positive parenting behaviors in the Latin American sample. Across all three cultural groups, authoritative parenting predicted adaptive socio-emotional development , an effect which differed in magnitude across groups, providing support for the hypothesis that the effect of parenting behaviors on infant development are moderated by culture. Within the Latin American sample, affiliation with the value of familism was associated with higher scores of authoritative parenting, but familism decreased as acculturation to the host culture increased. This research adds to our understanding of factors that contribute to the well-being of Latin American families in Canada. Findings carry implications for provision of infant mental health services to Latin American immigrant families by identifying cultural variables which should be considered when providing parenting interventions to make such interventions more culturally relevant.
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Ngueutsa R, Tchagneno CL, Wassouo E, Kouabenan DR. Fatalistic Beliefs, Cultural Beliefs and Socio-Instrumental Control Beliefs: What are the Links? Can We Speak of an Active Fatalism? Psychol Rep 2023:332941231153799. [PMID: 36690465 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account beliefs and culture is essential in behaviour analysis in various areas of life and work. However, knowledge about the links between these beliefs is sparse and imprecise. This article analyses the links between fatalistic, cultural and socio-instrumental control beliefs, by a questionnaire on a sample of 515 Cameroonian partcipants including male (N = 290) and female (N = 225), workers from the public (N = 208), formal private (N = 265) and informal (N = 40) sectors. The questionnaire consisted of the fatalism scale designed by Kouabenan (1998), the Cameroonian cultural beliefs scale by Ngueutsa et al. (2021), and the socio-instrumental control beliefs scale derived from Spector (2004). Regression analyses showed that cultural beliefs partially mediated the link between fatalistic and socio-instrumental control beliefs. The results call into question the conceptualization of fatalistic beliefs, often seen as inducers of passivity. They suggest that cultural beliefs and practices may activate a 'non-inhibiting' form of fatalism that would justify the use of cultural entities to exercise indirect control over events. The concept of active fatalism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ngueutsa
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, 439716University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Charles L Tchagneno
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, 439716University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Wassouo
- LIP-PC2S (EA4145), Univ. Grenoble-Alpes & Univ. Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Arpawong TE, Sakuma KLK, Espinoza L, Huh J. Longitudinal Examination of an Ethnic Paradox of Stress and Mental Health in Older Black and Latinx Adults. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:27-46. [PMID: 35320059 PMCID: PMC9500116 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2056102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explain the ethnic paradox of mental health in aging, we evaluated whether Black and Latinx older adults experience (1) fewer depressive symptoms (DepSx), but more physical problems, and (2) greater psychological resilience as a result of life stressors than White older adults. METHODS DepSx, physical health, and recent stress were obtained biennially from 25,893 older adults (77% White, 15% Black, 9% Latinx) in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, across 16 years. Psychological resilience, lifetime stress, and discrimination experiences were available for 13,655 individuals. We conducted mixed-effects and linear regression analyses. RESULTS For Blacks and Latinxs, experiencing more-than-usual stress events was associated with less increase in DepSx compared to Whites, although on average Blacks and Latinxs experience more DepSx. Black adults showed worse physical health than White adults and weaker effects of stress on psychological resilience despite experiencing more stress of all types. Findings were mixed for Latinxs. CONCLUSIONS Studying effects of time-varying stress on changes in health and multiple stressors on psychological resilience by race/ethnicity elucidates mechanisms for later-age health disparities. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Cross-sectional evaluations of stress and psychological health in a clinical setting may provide incomplete appraisals of health risks for Black and Latinx older Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalida Em Arpawong
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kari-Lyn K. Sakuma
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lilia Espinoza
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Jimi Huh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jobson L, Willoughby C, Specker P, Wong J, Draganidis A, Lau W, Liddell B. Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18127. [PMID: 36307529 PMCID: PMC9616820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether the associations between emotion regulation and cognitive appraisals and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differ between Asian American and European American trauma survivors. Asian American (n = 103) and European American (n = 104) trauma survivors were recruited through mTurk and completed an on-line questionnaire assessing cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and PTSD symptomatology. The European American group reported greater trauma-specific rumination, psychological inflexibility, seeking out others for comfort, and negative self-appraisals than the Asian American group. The Asian American group reported greater secondary control appraisals and cultural beliefs about adversity than the European American group. Second, cultural group moderated the associations between (a) brooding rumination, (b) fatalism, (c) self-blame, and (d) negative communal self-appraisals and PTSD symptoms. These associations were larger for the European American group than the Asian American group. Third, there was an indirect pathway from self-construal (independent and interdependent) to PTSD symptoms through certain emotion regulation approaches and cognitive appraisals. Additionally, cultural group was found to moderate several of these indirect effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background and cultural values in understanding the processes involved in PTSD. Further research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jobson
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Casey Willoughby
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Philippa Specker
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Joshua Wong
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Adriana Draganidis
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Winnie Lau
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XPhoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Belinda Liddell
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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Emezue CN, Dougherty DS, Enriquez M, Bullock L, Bloom TL. Perceptions of Risk for Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescent Males: An Interpretive Analysis. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221126884. [PMID: 36305641 PMCID: PMC9619278 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221126884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
About one in eight U.S. high school students in Grades 9 to 12 report experiencing teen dating violence (TDV) in the form of physical, sexual, or psychological dating violence in the past year in person, on school grounds, and online. Compared with their urban counterparts, rural teens face nearly double the rate of physical dating abuse and an elevated risk of experiencing multiple forms of violence. Rural young males are exposed to regional masculinities and gender norms that may simultaneously promote female subordination (a prelude to dating violence) while impeding help-seeking intentions. We used an interpretive and dialectical approach grounded in Relational Dialectics Theory to explore how rural young males perceive and describe their own risk of experiencing and perpetrating dating violence and the factors contributing to their help-seeking intentions and behaviors. Data from three focus groups and individual interviews with 27 rural young males (ages 15-24) were collated. We identified two central dialectical themes described as (a) Social Tension Dialectics (subthemes include: Abusive vs. Unhealthy Relationships: A Dialectic of Language; #MeToo vs. #WeToo: A Dialectic of Victimhood; "It's All Country Boys": A Dialectic of Masculinity) and (b) Help-Seeking Dialectics demonstrating the dual roles Religion, School Guidance Counselors, Peer Mentors, and Social Cohesion play in promoting or preventing dating violence. Overall, we found dialectic tensions in rural youth risk perceptions about dating violence. These findings bear implications for advocates and practitioners working with rural youth in planning developmentally and culturally appropriate TDV prevention programs, offering policy and research-relevant insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuka Nestor Emezue
- Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA,Chuka Nestor Emezue, Assistant Professor, Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing, College of Nursing, Rush University, 600 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612-3801, USA.
| | - Debbie S. Dougherty
- College of Arts and Science Communication, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maithe Enriquez
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Linda Bullock
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tina L. Bloom
- Women’s and Children’s Health, School of Nursing, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zajenkowski M, Górniak J, Wojnarowski K, Sobol M, Jonason PK. I need some answers, now!: Present time perspective is associated with holding conspiracy beliefs. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Rozema E, Haupt E, Mariano J, Nguyen HQ. Symptom Burden Is Lower in Asian and Pacific Islander and Black Men Admitted to Home-Based Palliative Care in an Integrated Health Care System. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:1551-1556. [PMID: 35772006 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about racial/ethnic differences in symptom severity among patients receiving home-based palliative care (HomePal). Objectives: To determine whether symptom severity differs between White patients and patients of color receiving HomePal and whether gender moderates the difference. Design: This is a cross-sectional exploratory study. Setting/Subjects: Baseline data were from 2090 patients receiving HomePal in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Measurements: Multivariable median regression analyses were carried out across race/ethnicity groups and stratified by gender to assess differences in Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) scores at HomePal admission. Results: Asian/Pacific Islander men and Black men had lower ESAS scores compared than White men (-5 [-7.8, -2.2], p = 0.0005 and -5.4 [-8.7, -2.1], p = 0.001, respectively); there were marginal ESAS differences across race/ethnic groups for women. Conclusion: Patients of color reported lower symptom severity than White patients. More research is needed to understand how the intersection of culture and gender affects symptom experience and reporting in patients living with serious illness. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT#03694431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rozema
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Eric Haupt
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mariano
- Department of Geriatrics, Palliative Medicine, and Continuing Care, West Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
- Geriatrics Subspecialty, Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Huong Q Nguyen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
- Geriatrics Subspecialty, Bernard J. Tyson Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
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Wesemann U, Applewhite B, Himmerich H. Investigating the impact of terrorist attacks on the mental health of emergency responders: systematic review. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e107. [PMID: 35656574 PMCID: PMC9230690 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terrorist attacks have strong psychological effects on rescue workers, and there is a demand for effective and targeted interventions. AIMS The present systematic review aims to examine the mental health outcomes of exposed emergency service personnel over time, and to identify risk and resilience factors. METHOD A literature search was carried out on PubMed and PubPsych until 27 August 2021. Only studies with a real reported incident were included. The evaluation of the study quality was based on the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and the synthesis used the 'Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews'. RESULTS Thirty-three articles including 159 621 individuals were identified, relating to five different incidents with a post-event time frame ranging from 2 weeks to 13 years. The post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence rates were between 1.3 and 16.5%, major depression rates were between 1.3 and 25.8%, and rates for specific anxiety disorders were between 0.7 and 14%. The highest prevalence rates were found after the World Trade Center attacks. Reported risk factors were gender, no emergency service training, peritraumatic dissociation, spatial proximity to the event and social isolation. CONCLUSIONS The inconsistency of the prevalence rates may be attributable to the different severities of the incidents. Identified risk factors could be used to optimise training for emergency personnel before and after catastrophic events. Voluntary repetitive screening of rescue workers for mental health symptoms is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wesemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Germany
| | - Briana Applewhite
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Zahra F, Haberland N, Psaki S. PROTOCOL: Causal mechanisms linking education with fertility, HIV, and child mortality: A systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2022; 18:e1250. [PMID: 36911344 PMCID: PMC9187904 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we will investigate the pathways linking education and health to understand why education appears to improve health in some settings or among certain populations, and not in others, as well as to inform recommendations about how best to target investments in education to maximize the benefits to health. We will seek to answer the following key research questions, focusing specifically on the mechanisms that affect fertility, HIV, and infant and child mortality. If feasible, these answers will include meta-analyses of comparable education and mediator outcomes: (1) Do changes in education affect the primary theorized mediators (e.g., knowledge, attitudes, resources, and agency; health behaviors and harmful practices) of the relationship between education and fertility, HIV and child mortality? (2) How does the relationship between these mediators and education vary across different aspects of education (e.g., grade attainment vs. literacy/numeracy vs. attendance)?
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Jobson L, Haque S, Abdullah SZ, Lee B, Li H, Reyneke T, Tan BKW, Lau W, Liddell B. Examining Cultural Differences in the Associations between Appraisals and Emotion Regulation and PostTraumatic Stress Disorder in Malaysian and Australian Trauma Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031163. [PMID: 35162187 PMCID: PMC8834521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Appraisals and emotional regulation play a central role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite research demonstrating cultural differences in everyday appraisals and emotion regulation, little research has investigated the influence of culture on these processes in PTSD. This study examined cultural differences in the associations between appraisals, emotion regulation and PTSD symptoms using trauma survivors from an individualistic Western culture (Australia) and a collectivistic Asian culture (Malaysia). Trauma survivors (N = 228; 107 Australian with European cultural heritage, 121 Malaysian with Malay, Indian or Chinese cultural heritage) completed an on-line survey assessing PTSD (PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 with Life Events Checklist), appraisals (trauma-related, fatalism, cultural beliefs about adversity) and emotion regulation (suppression, reappraisal, interpersonal). The Malaysian group reported significantly greater fatalism, cultural beliefs about adversity, suppression and interpersonal emotion regulation than the Australian group. Greater trauma-specific appraisals, greater suppression, fewer cultural beliefs about adversity, and less use of social skills to enhance positivity were generally associated with greater PTSD symptom severity, with little evidence of cultural group moderating these associations. Interdependent self-construal mediated the relationships between cultural adversity beliefs, enhanced positivity, reappraisal, perspective taking and PTSD symptoms. Independent self-construal mediated the relationships between fatalism and perspective taking and PTSD symptoms. Cultural group did not moderate these indirect effects. Interdependent self-construal mediated the associations between interpersonal regulation strategies of soothing and social modelling with PTSD symptoms for the Malaysian but not the Australian group. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering self-construal and culture in understanding factors associated with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jobson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (B.L.); (H.L.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-399-053-945
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.H.); (S.Z.A.); (B.K.W.T.)
| | - Siti Zainab Abdullah
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.H.); (S.Z.A.); (B.K.W.T.)
| | - Bryan Lee
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (B.L.); (H.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (B.L.); (H.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Tamsyn Reyneke
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (B.L.); (H.L.); (T.R.)
| | - Britney Kerr Wen Tan
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia; (S.H.); (S.Z.A.); (B.K.W.T.)
| | - Winnie Lau
- Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | - Belinda Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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Liu X, Sun L. Examining the impact of fatalism belief and optimism orientation on seismic preparedness: Considering their roles in the nexus between risk perception and preparedness. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- School of Public Policy and Management Tsinghua University Beijing PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of International Relations and Public Affairs Fudan University Shanghai PR China
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Levin Y, Bachem R, Palgi Y, Hyland P, Karatzias T, Shevlin M, Ben-Ezra M, Maercker A. Fatalism and ICD-11 CPTSD and PTSD diagnoses: results from Nigeria, Kenya & Ghana. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1988452. [PMID: 34777713 PMCID: PMC8583916 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1988452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing research on post-traumatic sequelae suggests a positive association between fatalism and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the associations between fatalism and the new ICD-11 diagnosis of complex PTSD (CPTSD) have never been explored before. Objective The current study explored the association between fatalism and PTSD and CPTSD in samples from three African countries. Methods A total of 2,524 participants from Nigeria (n = 1018), Kenya (n = 1006), and Ghana (n = 500) completed measures of fatalism (non-judgemental fatalism, current fatalism, pessimistic fatalism, prospective fatalism) and the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). A combination of a multinomial regression and path analysis was used to identify fatalism predictors of PTSD and CPTSD versus no diagnosis, and CPTSD versus PTSD, adjusted for demographic variables and trauma exposure. Results While PTSD was not predicted by any of the fatalism types, compared to no diagnosis, CPTSD was significantly predicted by pessimistic, non-judgemental and current fatalism, both compared to no diagnosis and PTSD. Conclusions The results broaden the knowledge on potential correlates of the new diagnosis of CPTSD. Addressing fatalistic beliefs by empowering people to think that they can choose their fate should be further explored as a possible target for intervention in the treatment of CPTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafit Levin
- Department of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Rahel Bachem
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Nhs Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Andreas Maercker
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Emezue CN, Enriquez M, Dougherty DS, Bullock LFC, Bloom TL. Rural young males' acceptance & receptiveness to technology-based interventions for dating violence prevention: A qualitative descriptive study. J Adolesc 2021; 92:137-151. [PMID: 34530185 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural youth are twice as likely as urban youth to experience some forms of teen dating violence (TDV), and significant barriers to accessing support services for physical, psychological, sexual violence. However, rural youth remain understudied and undersampled. Rural young men, in particular, are at risk for experiencing or perpetrating dating violence influenced by regional and sociocultural risk factors that promote male supremacy ideals while also impeding male help-seeking. Technology-based interventions circumvent some of these risk factors by offering confidential and reliable support. This study investigates rural young males' acceptability of technology-based interventions for fostering healthy relationships and preventing dating abuse, including their preferences for intervention content and features. METHODS Three online focus groups (n = 14) and phone interviews (n = 13) were conducted with rural young males. Participants were stratified by age (15-17 and 18-24 year-olds). Most were White (81%) from the United States Midwest (65%). Semi-structured interview data were analyzed using Qualitative Description (QD), guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). RESULTS Three themes identified were (1) Scarcity of Useful Resources, (2) Socio-Structural Challenges for Intervention Uptake, with two subthemes (2a) Rural-Specific Structural Barriers and (2b) Rural Masculinity Disrupting Help-seeking; (3) Finally, participants discussed Functionality and Design Needs, itemizing their intervention "must-have" in terms of content, resources, and features. CONCLUSION This qualitative study identified obstacles and facilitators to using technology-based interventions for dating violence prevention among young rural males and offers pragmatic "ready-to-use" recommendations for the development of technology-based anti-dating violence interventions for rural youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuka N Emezue
- Rush University College of Nursing, Department of Women, Children and Family Nursing Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maithe Enriquez
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA.
| | - Debbie S Dougherty
- College of Arts and Science Communication, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA.
| | - Linda F C Bullock
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA.
| | - Tina L Bloom
- School of Nursing, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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van Coller H, Akinloye IA. Death in worship places: Evaluating the roles of religious organisations and state governments in reducing the risks of religious disaster. JÀMBÁ JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK STUDIES 2021; 13:1042. [PMID: 34394848 PMCID: PMC8335771 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v13i1.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The numbers of accidents and disasters resulting in injury and death of the faithful in religious buildings in many parts of the world are on the increase in recent years. Interestingly, the citizens of the countries where most of the cases are reported are overtly religious and manifest their religiosity by attending religious activities in religious buildings. This, therefore, heightens the impact of a disaster, such as where there is a religious building collapse or a stampede. The attendant social, legal and economic effects of such disasters on religious organisations, religious faithful and society thus necessitate the study. This article critically examines the roles of religious organisations and state governments in reducing the risks of avoidable disasters in religious buildings. It evaluates the reports of two instances of church building collapses in Nigeria as case studies. This article observes that many religious organisations do not have effective risk and safety policies to reduce their exposure to religious disasters. It also observes that the state is ineffective in enforcing building standards. It argues that religious organisations and the state owe a legal duty to protect the lives and guarantee the safety of the faithful against the tragedy that may occur in worship places, and where this duty is breached, and a victim suffers harm, a right to damages will accrue. It concludes that although a religious organisation may not be able to stop all such disasters, having an effective disaster risk policy can assist in reducing the occurrence of avoidable mishaps in religious buildings.
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Traumatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in an international sample: Contribution of fatalism to psychological distress and behavior change. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2021. [PMID: 37521947 PMCID: PMC9767364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the traumatic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore the contribution of fatalism to a) psychological distress and b) pandemic-related behavior change. Data for the study were collected via an anonymous online survey. The survey included questions about demographic characteristics, health status, pandemic-related stress, impact of COVID-19 on health and behavior, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and fatalism. The sample included 465 participants from 30 countries (mean age = 36.87, SD = 13.39, age range = 18 - 76; 80% female). While none of the study participants have been diagnosed with COVID-19, almost 25% knew someone who had received the diagnosis. The overwhelming majority (79%) had to make changes to their daily routine, and 48.82% of the sample reported moderate to severe PTSS. Fatalism was found to be a statistically significant predictor of PTSS in a multiple regression model and was also associated with lack of behavior changes in response to the pandemic. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic event with a potential to affect mental health and well-being of individuals and communities. Fatalism may contribute to severity of psychological distress and diminish individuals' ability to engage in health-protective behaviors.
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Wesemann U, Hadjamu N, Wakili R, Willmund G, Vogel J, Rassaf T, Siebermair J. Gender Differences in Anger Among Hospital Medical Staff Exposed to Patients with COVID-19. Health Equity 2021; 5:181-184. [PMID: 33937603 PMCID: PMC8080924 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Occupational exposure to patients with COVID-19 is a stress factor. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in anger among medical hospital staff. Methods: N=78 hospital employees with direct or indirect contact to patients with COVID-19 completed State-Trait Inventory-2. Results: Female personnel showed higher scores in the main "trait anger" scale and its subscale "anger temperament," whereas "anger control-out" was significant lower. Direct patient contact had no influence. Conclusion: More specific training for female hospital staff could achieve health-related equity. Focusing on anger as a leading indicator could lead to better prevention and self-monitoring. Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04368312).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wesemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nino Hadjamu
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Reza Wakili
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Willmund
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychotraumatology, Bundeswehr Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Siebermair
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Sobol M, Przepiórka A, Meisner M, Kuppens P. Destiny or control of one's future? Fatalistic time perspective and self-esteem in extraverts and introverts. The Journal of General Psychology 2021; 149:443-455. [PMID: 33555237 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2021.1878486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A sense of control over time and over what is happening in life is highly significant for psychological functioning. The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of fatalistic time perspective on self-esteem in extraverts and introverts. We conducted an experiment in which fatalistic time perspective was induced in participants (N = 104) high and low in extraversion. The experimental group's task was to put themselves into the situation of the presented character, who exhibited a strongly fatalistic time perspective. The results showed that introverts after the induction of fatalistic time perspective had higher self-esteem than introverts after neutral induction. There was no significant difference in self-esteem between extraverts after the induction of fatalistic time perspective and extraverts after neutral induction. We interpreted the results in the context of the interactive model of fatalism.
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Bachem R, Tsur N, Levin Y, Abu-Raiya H, Maercker A. Negative Affect, Fatalism, and Perceived Institutional Betrayal in Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Control Beliefs. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:589914. [PMID: 33192739 PMCID: PMC7649425 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.589914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing number of studies report that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in diverse aversive psychological reactions and created a global mental health crisis. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the negative emotional reactions as well as the differences between countries are only beginning to be explored. The present study examined the association of COVID-19-related fear and negative affect in Israel and Switzerland. The mediating roles of three control beliefs were explored, namely, fatalism, locus of control, and perceived institutional betrayal. Method: General population samples of 595 Swiss and 639 Israeli participants were recruited and completed an online self-report survey. Moderated Mediation using multigroup path analysis models for the two samples were conducted and compared using AMOS. Results: The multigroup path model had excellent fit for both samples. The different paths were moderated by country affiliation. Higher levels of COVID-19-related fear were associated with negative affect to an equal extent in both samples. COVID-19-related fear was associated with higher reports of institutional betrayal and a lower locus of control in both samples. Higher COVID-19-related fear was associated with lower fatalism in the Swiss sample only. In both samples, institutional betrayal mediated the association between COVID-19-related fear and negative affect, however, locus of control was a mediator in the Israeli sample only. Conclusion: The current results suggest that the reaction of the government was of crucial importance with regard to the emotional state of the two populations. Interestingly, while in the context of adversity fatalism is generally considered a risk factor for mental health, during the time of the pandemic it seems to have had protective qualities among the Swiss population. Interventions that strengthen the personal locus of control have the potential to mitigate the negative affect in Israel but not in Switzerland. Despite the fact that COVID-19 is a global phenomenon, prevention and intervention strategies should be adjusted to local contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Bachem
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noga Tsur
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yafit Levin
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hisham Abu-Raiya
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Shala M, Morina N, Burchert S, Cerga-Pashoja A, Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A, Heim E. Cultural adaptation of Hap-pas-Hapi, an internet and mobile-based intervention for the treatment of psychological distress among Albanian migrants in Switzerland and Germany. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100339. [PMID: 32983906 PMCID: PMC7495109 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet- and mobile-based mental health interventions have the potential to narrow the treatment gap in ethnic groups. Little evidence exists on the cultural adaptation of such interventions. Cultural adaptation of evidence-based interventions distinguishes between surface and deep structure adaptation. Surface refers to matching materials (e.g., illustrations, language) or methods of treatment delivery to the target population, whereas deep structure adaptation considers cultural concepts of distress (CCD). So far, CCD have only been considered to a limited extent in cultural adaptation of psychological interventions, and there is a lack of well documented adaptation procedures. AIMS With a cross-disciplinary and mixed-method approach, following a new conceptual framework for cultural adaptation of scalable psychological interventions, this study aimed to develop both surface and deep structure adaptations of an internet- and mobile-based intervention called Hap-pas-Hapi for the treatment of psychological distress among Albanian migrants in Switzerland and Germany. METHODS A qualitative ethnopsychological study was conducted to examine the target group's CCD. Focus group discussions, an online survey, and individual key informant interviews were utilised to evaluate the original intervention, adaptation drafts and the final adapted intervention. A reporting system was developed to support the decision-making process and to report all adaptations in a transparent and replicable way. RESULTS The ongoing involvement of target population key informants provided valuable feedback for the development of a more person-centred intervention, which might enhance treatment acceptance, motivation and adherence. DISCUSSION This study provides empirical and theory-based considerations and suggestions for future implementation that may foster acceptability and effectiveness of culturally adapted evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirëlinda Shala
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja
- Faculty of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical-Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Heim
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Traditional rural values and posttraumatic stress among rural and urban undergraduates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237578. [PMID: 32797104 PMCID: PMC7428187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rurality is often treated as an aspect of diversity, researchers disagree regarding whether the traditional rural values of self-reliance, distrust of outsiders, religiosity, centrality of family, and fatalism continue to differentiate rural versus urban undergraduates. The present study examined 1) whether differences in these values exist between rural and urban college students in the United States and 2) whether these rural values might mediate the association between geographic remoteness and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity. College undergraduates in the United States who reported experiencing traumatic and/or stressful events (N = 213) completed measures of these constructs through an online survey. T-test results indicated that rural respondents had significantly higher levels of PTSS severity and distrust of outsiders and significantly lower levels of religiosity when compared with urban participants. After controlling for gender, distrust of outsiders and religiosity also emerged as significant mediators of the relationship between geographic remoteness and PTSS severity. Thus, despite research that highlights differences based on geographic location, similarities and differences exist for rural and urban undergraduates in the United States with regard to traditionally rural values. For rural undergraduate clients presenting with trauma symptoms, our results suggest that building trust and religious and/or spiritual self-care may be particularly critical.
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